| sequence analysis of human rhinoviruses in the rna-dependent rna polymerase coding region reveals large within-species variation. | human rhinoviruses (hrvs; family picornaviridae), the most frequent causative agents of respiratory infections, comprise more than 100 distinct serotypes. according to previous phylogenetic analysis of the vp4/vp2-coding sequences, all but one of the hrv prototype strains distribute between the two established species, human rhinovirus a (hrv-a) and human rhinovirus b (hrv-b). here, partial sequences of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (3d polymerase)-coding gene of 48 hrv prototype strains and ... | 2004 | 15269368 |
| the crystal structure of the rna-dependent rna polymerase from human rhinovirus: a dual function target for common cold antiviral therapy. | human rhinoviruses (hrv), the predominant members of the picornaviridae family of positive-strand rna viruses, are the major causative agents of the common cold. given the lack of effective treatments for rhinoviral infections, virally encoded proteins have become attractive therapeutic targets. the hrv genome encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) denoted 3dpol, which is responsible for replicating the viral genome and for synthesizing a protein primer used in the replication. here the ... | 2004 | 15296746 |
| phylogenetic analysis of human rhinovirus capsid protein vp1 and 2a protease coding sequences confirms shared genus-like relationships with human enteroviruses. | phylogenetic analysis of the capsid protein vp1 coding sequences of all 101 human rhinovirus (hrv) prototype strains revealed two major genetic clusters, similar to that of the previously reported vp4/vp2 coding sequences, representing the established two species, human rhinovirus a (hrv-a) and human rhinovirus b (hrv-b). pairwise nucleotide identities varied from 61 to 98 % within and from 46 to 55 % between the two hrv species. interserotypic sequence identities in both hrv species were more v ... | 2005 | 15722530 |
| respiratory viruses in hiv-infected patients with suspected respiratory opportunistic infection. | to assess the incidence and epidemiological pattern of respiratory viruses in hiv-infected patients and to evaluate their potential clinical impact. | 2008 | 18356599 |
| design, synthesis, and evaluation of 3c protease inhibitors as anti-enterovirus 71 agents. | human enterovirus (ev) belongs to the picornavirus family, which consists of over 200 medically relevant viruses. a peptidomimetic inhibitor ag7088 was developed to inhibit the 3c protease of rhinovirus (a member of the family), a chymotrypsin-like protease required for viral replication, by forming a covalent bond with the active site cys residue. in this study, we have prepared the recombinant 3c protease from ev71 (tw/2231/98), a particular strain which causes severe outbreaks in asia, and de ... | 2008 | 18583140 |
| rapid detection and identification of 12 respiratory viruses using a dual priming oligonucleotide system-based multiplex pcr assay. | acute viral respiratory infections are among the most common causes of human disease. rapid and accurate diagnosis of viral respiratory infections is important for providing timely therapeutic interventions. this study evaluated a new multiplex pcr assay (seegene inc., seoul, korea) for simultaneous detection and identification of 12 respiratory viruses using two primer mixes. the viruses included parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3, human metapneumovirus, human coronavirus 229e/nl63 and oc43, ade ... | 2009 | 19063921 |
| streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection is correlated with the severity of h1n1 pandemic influenza. | initial reports in may 2009 of the novel influenza strain h1n1pdm estimated a case fatality rate (cfr) of 0.6%, similar to that of seasonal influenza. in july 2009, however, argentina reported 3056 cases with 137 deaths, representing a cfr of 4.5%. potential explanations for increased cfr included virus reassortment or genetic drift, or infection of a more vulnerable population. virus genomic sequencing of 26 argentinian samples representing both severe and mild disease indicated no evidence of ... | 2009 | 20046873 |
| human rhinovirus c infections mirror those of human rhinovirus a in children with community-acquired pneumonia. | human rhinoviruses (hrvs) are among the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in children. however, the differential roles of the three hrv species hrv-a, hrv-b, and hrv-c in pediatric cap are not fully understood. | 2010 | 20728404 |
| viral etiologies of acute respiratory infections among hospitalized vietnamese children in ho chi minh city, 2004-2008. | the dominant viral etiologies responsible for acute respiratory infections (aris) are poorly understood, particularly among hospitalized children in resource-limited tropical countries where morbidity and mortality caused by aris are highest. improved etiological insight is needed to improve clinical management and prevention. | 2011 | 21455313 |
| comparison of rhinovirus a infection in human primary epithelial cells and hela cells. | hela cells are used to study the life cycles of many different viruses, including the human rhinoviruses (hrv) in the picornaviridae family. although the natural targets of hrv are human bronchial epithelial cells (hbe), it is generally more difficult to obtain and maintain the relevant primary cell cultures, relative to hela cells. given that the hrv are now identified as a major cause of human asthma exacerbations, it becomes important to document how much of the virus biology learned from hel ... | 2011 | 21752966 |
| self-collected mid-turbinate swabs for the detection of respiratory viruses in adults with acute respiratory illnesses. | the gold standard for respiratory virus testing is a nasopharyngeal (np) swab, which is collected by a healthcare worker. midturbinate (mt) swabs are an alternative due to their ease of collection and possible self-collection by patients. the objective of this study was to compare the respiratory virus isolation of flocked mt swabs compared to flocked np swabs. | 2011 | 21731708 |
| viral etiology in adult influenza-like illness/acute respiratory infection and predictivity of c-reactive protein. | influenza-like illness (ili) and acute respiratory infection (ari) are common presentations during winter and indiscriminate antibiotic use contributes significantly to the emerging post-antibiotic era. | 2016 | 27482806 |
| type i diabetes mellitus: genetic factors and presumptive enteroviral etiology or protection. | we review type 1 diabetes and host genetic components, as well as epigenetics and viruses associated with type 1 diabetes, with added emphasis on the enteroviruses, which are often associated with triggering the disease. genus enterovirus is classified into twelve species of which seven (enterovirus a, enterovirus b, enterovirus c, and enterovirus d and rhinovirus a, rhinovirus b, and rhinovirus c) are human pathogens. these viruses are transmitted mainly by the fecal-oral route; they may also s ... | 2014 | 25574400 |
| selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine inhibits replication of human enteroviruses b and d by targeting viral protein 2c. | although the genus enterovirus contains many important human pathogens, there is no licensed drug for either the treatment or the prophylaxis of enterovirus infections. we report that fluoxetine (prozac)--a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor--inhibits the replication of human enterovirus b (hev-b) and hev-d but does not affect the replication of hev-a and hev-c or human rhinovirus a or b. we show that fluoxetine interferes with viral rna replication, and we identified viral protein 2c as the ... | 2013 | 23335743 |
| incidence and clinical course of respiratory viral coinfections in children aged 0-59 months. | clinical data available on coinfections are contradictory concerning both the number of viruses involved and the severity of the condition. a total of 114 patients aged 0-59 months with symptoms of respiratory tract infection were enrolled into the study. nasal and pharyngeal swabs were tested using the pcr method for the following 12 viruses: influenza a, influenza b, respiratory syncytial virus a (rsv a), respiratory syncytial virus b (rsv b), adenovirus, metapneumovirus, coronavirus 229e/nl63 ... | 2016 | 26801151 |
| viral pathogen detection by metagenomics and pan viral group pcr in children with pneumonia lacking identifiable etiology. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a leading cause of pediatric hospitalization. pathogen identification fails in ~20% of children but is critical for optimal treatment and prevention of hospital-acquired infections. we used two broad-spectrum detection strategies to identify pathogens in test-negative children with cap and asymptomatic controls. | 2017 | 28368491 |
| clinical and virus surveillance after the first wheezing episode: special reference to rhinovirus a and c species. | susceptibility to rhinovirus (rv) induced early wheezing episode has been recognized as an important risk factor for asthma but the data on different rv species are limited. our aim was to investigate the risk for recurrences in first-time wheezing children with special focus on rv species. | 2016 | 28027280 |
| rhinovirus c is associated with wheezing and rhinovirus a is associated with pneumonia in hospitalized children in morocco. | human rhinovirus (rv) is commonly associated with severe acute lower respiratory infections (alri) in children. we aimed to describe the distribution of rv species and associations between rv species and clinical features in children hospitalized with clinically severe pneumonia (csp) in morocco. nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) were collected from 700 children, 2-59 months of age, admitted with csp to the hôpital d'enfants de rabat in morocco. at least one respiratory virus was identified in 92% ... | 2017 | 27677921 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus in healthy infants. | despite the research importance of rhinovirus detection in asymptomatic healthy infants, the literature remains sparse. | 2015 | 26608824 |
| infectivity assays of human rhinovirus-a and -b serotypes. | infectivity is a fundamental property of viral pathogens such as human rhinoviruses (hrvs). this chapter describes two methods for measuring the infectivity of hrv-a and -b serotypes: end point dilution (tcid50) assay and plaque assay. end point dilution assay is a quantal, not quantitative, assay that determines the dilution of the sample at which 50 % of the aliquots have infectious virus. it can be used for all the hrv-a and -b serotypes and related clinical isolates that grow in cell culture ... | 2015 | 25261308 |
| genome sequences of rhinovirus a isolates from wisconsin pediatric respiratory studies. | full-length or nearly full-length rna genome sequences for 98 rhinovirus (rv) a isolates (from the enterovirus genus of the picornaviridae family), representing 43 different genotypes, were resolved as part of ongoing studies to define rv genetic diversity and its potential link to respiratory disease. | 2014 | 24675855 |
| population structure and evolution of rhinoviruses. | rhinoviruses, formerly known as human rhinoviruses, are the most common cause of air-borne upper respiratory tract infections in humans. rhinoviruses belong to the family picornaviridae and are divided into three species namely, rhinovirus a, -b and -c, which are antigenically diverse. genetic recombination is found to be one of the important causes for diversification of rhinovirus species. although emerging lineages within rhinoviruses have been reported, their population structure has not bee ... | 2014 | 24586469 |
| respiratory outcome of prematurely born infants following human rhinovirus a and c infections. | human rhinoviruses (hrvs) are a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) and are associated with chronic respiratory morbidity. our aim was to determine whether hrv species a or c were associated with chronic respiratory morbidity and increased health care utilisation in prematurely born infants. a number of 153 infants with a median gestational age of 34 (range 23-35) weeks were prospectively followed. nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected whenever the infants had lrtis rega ... | 2014 | 24493557 |
| chronic rhinovirus infection in an adult with cystic fibrosis. | rhinovirus is a common cause of exacerbations of cystic fibrosis (cf) and is usually considered a self-limiting infection. we report a case of chronic infection with rhinovirus a type 33 in a 43-year-old male with cf which has persisted for over 2 years. | 2013 | 23966488 |
| identification of recombinant human rhinovirus a and c in circulating strains from upper and lower respiratory infections. | human rhinoviruses (hrvs), in the enterovirus genus within the family picornaviridae, are a highly prevalent cause of acute respiratory infection (ari). enteroviruses are genetically highly variable, and recombination between serotypes is known to be a major contribution to their diversity. recently it was reported that recombination events in hrvs cause the diversity of hrv-c. this study analyzed parts of the viral genes spanning the 5' non- coding region (ncr) through to the viral protein (vp) ... | 2013 | 23826363 |
| viral and bacterial infection in acute asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increases the risk of readmission. | infection is as an important trigger for acute asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). the aim of this article was to determine the prevalence and impact of virus and bacterial infections in acute asthma and copd. | 2013 | 23600594 |
| high genetic diversity and predominance of rhinovirus a and c from panamanian hospitalized children under five years with respiratory infections. | human rhinoviruses (hrvs) have high genetic diversity and three species have been described: hrv-a, hrv-b, and the recently recognized hrv-c, which has been rapidly identified worldwide. | 2012 | 23116216 |
| innate ifns and plasmacytoid dendritic cells constrain th2 cytokine responses to rhinovirus: a regulatory mechanism with relevance to asthma. | human rhinoviruses (rv) cause only minor illness in healthy individuals, but can have deleterious consequences in people with asthma. this study sought to examine normal homeostatic mechanisms regulating adaptive immunity to rv in healthy humans, focusing on effects of ifn-αβ and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdc) on th2 immune responses. pbmc were isolated from 27 healthy individuals and cultured with rv16 for up to 5 d. in some experiments, ifn-αβ was neutralized using a decoy receptor that bl ... | 2012 | 22611238 |
| toward genetics-based virus taxonomy: comparative analysis of a genetics-based classification and the taxonomy of picornaviruses. | virus taxonomy has received little attention from the research community despite its broad relevance. in an accompanying paper (c. lauber and a. e. gorbalenya, j. virol. 86:3890-3904, 2012), we have introduced a quantitative approach to hierarchically classify viruses of a family using pairwise evolutionary distances (peds) as a measure of genetic divergence. when applied to the six most conserved proteins of the picornaviridae, it clustered 1,234 genome sequences in groups at three hierarchical ... | 2012 | 22278238 |
| effect of inhaling heated vapor on symptoms of the common cold. | to test the efficacy of steam inhalation in treating common cold symptoms. | 1994 | 8151854 |
| demonstration and characterization of antibody in tears following intranasal vaccination with inactivated type 13 rhinovirus: a preliminary report. | | 1970 | 4320302 |
| prevention of colds by vaccination against a rhinovirus: a report by the scientific committee on common cold vaccines. | | 1965 | 14278839 |