| mechanism of biosynthesis of thio- -d-glucuronides and thio- -d-glucosides. | 1. the thio-beta-d-glucosiduronic acids (thio-beta-glucuronides) of o-aminothiophenol, diethyldithiocarbamic acid, p-nitrothiophenol and thiophenol are formed biosynthetically in broken- and intact-cell preparations of mouse liver. 2. for this biosynthesis to occur in homogenates or microsomal fractions, udp-glucuronic acid was required during incubation; glucose, glucuronic acid or udp could not replace it. udp was a product of the reaction. 3. the biosynthetic mechanism linking glucuronic acid ... | 1972 | 4658987 |
| the effects of repeated applications of the molluscicide metaldehyde and the biocontrol nematode phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita on molluscs, earthworms, nematodes, acarids and collembolans: a two-year study in north-west spain. | over two years, six consecutive field experiments were done in which the chemical molluscicide metaldehyde and the nematode biocontrol agent phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (schneider) were applied at the standard field rates to replicated mini-plots successively planted with lettuce, brussels sprouts, leaf beet and cabbage, to compare the effectiveness of different treatments in reducing slug damage to the crops. soil samples from each plot were taken prior to the start of the experiments, and th ... | 2003 | 14620048 |
| the role of genetic and chemical variation of pinus sylvestris seedlings in influencing slug herbivory. | this study investigated the genetic and chemical basis of resistance of pinus sylvestris seedlings to herbivory by a generalist mollusc, arion ater. using feeding trials with captive animals, we examined selective herbivory by a. ater of young p. sylvestris seedlings of different genotypes and correlated preferences with seedling monoterpene levels. we also investigated the feeding responses of a. ater to artificial diets laced with two monoterpenes, delta(3)-carene and alpha-pinene. logistic re ... | 2007 | 17180371 |
| heavy metal transfers between trophic compartments in different ecosystems in galicia (northwest spain): essential elements. | in the present study, we determined the concentrations of cu, fe, mn, and zn in soil and several trophic compartments at a total of 16 sampling stations. the trophic compartments studied were primary producers, represented by two species of terrestrial mosses (pseudoescleropodium purum and hypnum cupressiforme) and oak trees (quercus robur or q. pyrenaica); primary consumers, represented by the wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus) and the yellow necked mouse (a. flavicollis); secondary consumers, re ... | 2008 | 18350242 |
| do multiple herbivores maintain chemical diversity of scots pine monoterpenes? | a central issue in our understanding of the evolution of the diversity of plant secondary metabolites (psms) is whether or not compounds are functional, conferring an advantage to the plant, or non-functional. we examine the hypothesis that the diversity of monoterpene psms within a plant species (scots pine pinus sylvestris) may be explained by different compounds acting as defences against high-impact herbivores operating at different life stages. we also hypothesize that pairwise coevolution, ... | 2011 | 21444308 |
| copper treatment of the digestive gland of the slug arion ater l. 2. morphometrics and histophysiology. | | 2013 | 3697536 |
| angiostoma norvegicum n. sp. (nematoda: angiostomatidae) a parasite of arionid slugs in norway. | angiostoma norvegicum n. sp. (angiostomatidae) is described from the oesophagus, crop and the buccal mass of five species of slugs of the family arionidae, arion vulgaris (moquin-tandon), arion ater (l.), arion fasciatus (nilsson), arion fuscus (müller) and arion rufus/arion ater hybrid), collected throughout norway. angiostoma norvegicum n. sp. was found parasitising arionids at seven of the 30 sample sites examined (23.3%), and 9.9% of all arion spp. were infected with this nematode. the new s ... | 2017 | 28062989 |
| epidemiological survey of angiostrongylus vasorum in dogs and slugs around a new endemic focus in scotland. | the nematode parasite angiostrongylus vasorum is an increasingly important cause of respiratory and other diseases in dogs. geographical spread from previously limited endemic foci has occurred rapidly. this paper investigates parasite epidemiology around the location of the first reported case in scotland in 2009: by detection of a vasorum-specific dna in gastropod intermediate hosts, and in dogs circulating dna and specific antibodies, and first stage larvae in faeces. overall prevalence in ga ... | 2015 | 25934261 |
| phylogeographic past and invasive presence of arion pest slugs in europe. | arion vulgaris (syn. a. lusitanicus) is the most destructive pest slug in europe. the species has been regarded a classic case of an ongoing biological invasion with negative economic and ecological impact in many european countries, but this status has recently been contested. in this study, we assessed mitochondrial and autosomal genetic diversity in populations of a. vulgaris across the entire distribution range in order to characterize its evolutionary history. mitochondrial diversity in a. ... | 2016 | 27664400 |
| on the use of arion ater to biomonitor environmental pollution by cd, cu, fe, mn and zn, with a special insight into the population variability. | the suitability of arion ater as a biomonitor of cd, cu, fe, mn and zn was assessed. individual specimens were collected from 22 sampling sites. slugs from 3 of the sites were analysed individually, whereas the slugs from the other sites were pooled to make a composite sample for each site. the tissue burdens did not differ between individuals from contaminated and uncontaminated sites, and there was no gradient of bioaccumulation of any of the elements in the surroundings of the smelter. analys ... | 2015 | 25703616 |
| characterization of cellulolytic activity in the gut of the terrestrial land slug arion ater: biochemical identification of targets for intensive study. | the level of cellulolytic activity in different areas of the gut of the terrestrial slug arion ater was assayed at different temperatures and ph values. to do this, crude gut proteins were isolated and assayed using modified dinitrosalicylic acid reducing sugar assay. crude protein samples were also separated and cellulolytic activity identified using in gel cmc zymography and esculin hydrate activity gel assays. ph and temperature profiling revealed optimum cellulolytic activity between ph5.0 a ... | 2014 | 25150536 |
| pedal sole immunoreactive axons in terrestrial pulmonates: limax, arion, and helix. | a century ago histological techniques such as formic acid-gold chloride showed the nerve morphology of the pedal sole in limax and helix. there have been no similar descriptions since then of the central nervous system relevant to locomotory pedal waves in the foot of slugs and snails. topical application of 5-ht affects locomotory waves, but the innervation of the pedal sole with 5-ht axons is not known. three-dimensional morphology of pedal axons in terrestrial pulmonate embryos is shown herei ... | 2014 | 24648204 |
| cold tolerance and freeze-induced glucose accumulation in three terrestrial slugs. | cold tolerance and metabolic responses to freezing of three slug species common in scandinavia (arion ater, arion rufus and arion lusitanicus) are reported. autumn collected slugs were cold acclimated in the laboratory and subjected to freezing conditions simulating likely winter temperatures in their habitat. slugs spontaneously froze at about -4 °c when cooled under dry conditions, but freezing of body fluids was readily induced at -1 °c when in contact with external ice crystals. all three sp ... | 2012 | 22248916 |
| the genetic dynamics of the rapid and recent colonization of denmark by arion lusitanicus (mollusca, pulmonata, arionidae). | we describe the genetic dynamics of the recent establishment of the 'iberian slug', arion lusitanicus j. mabille 1868, in denmark and compare its population structure to two other members of the 'large arion complex', arion ater ater, native to denmark, and arion ater rufus, introduced into denmark in the early 1900s. assaying allozyme polymorphism at seven enzyme loci, we found that: (1) none of the three taxa reproduce primarily by self-fertilization. differences among loci and colonies in the ... | 2011 | 21523466 |
| changes in cell-type composition in digestive gland of slugs and its influence in biomarkers following transplantation between a relatively unpolluted and a chronically metal-polluted site. | changes in cell-type composition (cctc) is a general phenomenon that takes place in the digestive gland epithelium of stressed molluscs. the aim of the present work was to determine whether cctc is a reversible process in the digestive gland of sentinel slugs chronically exposed to metal pollution and how cctc affects metal accumulation parameters and different cell and tissue biomarkers of exposure and effect. slugs (arion ater) from an abandoned zinc mine were transferred to a relatively unpol ... | 2008 | 18403074 |
| digestive cell turnover in digestive gland epithelium of slugs experimentally exposed to a mixture of cadmium and kerosene. | slugs, arion ater (l), have been proposed as sentinel organisms to assess soil health. in slugs under the influence of pollutants, digestive cell loss and the concomitant increase of excretory cells of the digestive gland have been described. the aim of the present work was to determine up to what extent digestive cell loss affects biomarkers and whether the affectation is reversible after exposure to a mixture of metal and organic pollutants. slugs were dosed with a mixture of cadmium and keros ... | 2007 | 17706745 |
| applicability of the black slug arion ater for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent bioactivation into dna binding metabolites. | the applicability of terrestrial black slugs arion ater (mollusca, gastropoda) was studied for biomonitoring environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). in laboratory experiments, slugs were orally exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (bap) for a short term (3 days) or a long term (119 days) period. test animals were collected in the field, or were reared under laboratory conditions to ensure that they had no history of pah-exposure. benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (bph) activity was meas ... | 2004 | 15288554 |
| effects of water activity on oxygen-binding in high-molecular weight, extracellular invertebrate hemoglobin and hemocyanin. | we have investigated the effects of water activity on oxygen-binding properties of giant invertebrate oxygen-binding proteins: hemocyanins from the intertidal crab, carcinus maenas and the terrestrial snail, arion ater and hemoglobin from the marine polychaete, arenicola marina, using the osmotic stress method. we show that in contrast to the water-sensitive dimeric or tetrameric hemoglobins from humans, fish and cyclostomes, changes in water activity exert small effects on the oxygen affinity o ... | 2003 | 12941641 |
| zonal rotor purification and characterization of "mannosomes": a tubular membrane system in gastropod mollusc digestive gland. | mannitol oxidase (manox) is an h2o2-generating oxidase apparently unique to molluscs and especially abundant in alimentary tissues. in the digestive gland it is localized to an organelle ("mannosome") that forms an unusual tubular membrane system. we have developed a novel centrifugation procedure for >100-fold purification of these membranes in 20% yield from approximately 30 g of digestive gland of the slug arion ater. mannosomes from several other gastropod species are also substantially puri ... | 1998 | 9799531 |
| localization of the neuropeptide apgwamide in gastropod molluscs by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. | the amidated tetrapeptide ala-pro-gly-trp-nh2 (apgwamide) plays a key role in the control of male copulation behavior in the basommatophoran pulmonate freshwater snail lymnaea stagnalis. the morphological basis for a conserved role of apgwamide in the control of male reproduction in gastropod molluscs is presented. the prosobranch littorina littorea, the opisthobranch aplysia californica, the basommatophoran pulmonate bulinus truncatus, and the stylommatophoran pulmonates arion ater and limax ma ... | 1998 | 9473361 |
| tissue-level biomarkers and biological effect of mercury on sentinel slugs, arion ater. | the present investigation was to determine the extent to which mercury (hg) provokes measurable effects on the structure of the digestive gland of slugs as well as to relate the extent of these effects to the cell and tissue distribution of hg. for this purpose, slugs (arion ater) received various dietary concentrations of hg (from 0 to 1,000 microg hg/g food) as chloride for 30 days and were histologically examined every third day. autometallography was used to demonstrate hg as black silver de ... | 1996 | 8687990 |
| aromatic alcohol oxidase and aldehyde oxidase activities in the digestive gland of three species of terrestrial gastropod (helix aspersa, arion ater, limax flavus). | 1. digestive gland homogenates of three species of terrestrial gastropod mollusc were used to prepare sources of soluble aldehyde oxidase and solubilized aromatic alcohol oxidase activities. 2. the snail (helix aspersa) had two aldox isoenzymes each able to utilize salicylaldehyde whereas two slug species had a single apparent activity inhibitable by salicylaldehyde. 3. aromatic alcohol oxidase activities of the three gastropods differed somewhat in their relative abilities to oxidize various me ... | 1993 | 8482077 |
| the 70 kd heat shock protein (hsp 70) in soil invertebrates: a possible tool for monitoring environmental toxicants. | the expression of hsp 70 after heat shock or exposure to heavy metals/molluscicides was investigated by fluorography or immunoblot in three diplopods (glomeris marginata, cylindroiulus punctatus, tachypodoiulus niger), two slugs (deroceras reticulatum, arion ater), and one isopod (oniscus asellus). in o. asellus, hsp 70 expression occurred after heat shock and also after lead treatment, whereby a solution of 100 mg/kg pb2+ was sufficient. animals of the same species taken from a heavy metal poll ... | 1992 | 1616318 |
| effects of adenine nucleosides and nucleotides on the isolated heart of the snail helix aspersa and the slug arion ater. | 1. adenine nucleosides and nucleotides were examined for pharmacological activity in hearts isolated from the snail helix aspersa and the slug arion ater. 2. adenosine, amp, adp and atp (above 100 microm) produced either an excitation or an inhibition in the isolated hearts of the snail and slug. 3. 2-chloroadenosine, alpha, beta-methylene atp and 2-methylthio atp were inactive at concentrations up to 1 mm. 4. responses were not blocked by any commonly accepted vertebrate purinoceptor antagonist ... | 1992 | 1350963 |
| the ultrastructure of the epicardium epithelium of the slug, arion ater (linnaeus, 1758), (pulmonata, stylommatophora). | in the present paper we investigated the fine structure of terrestial slug arion ater (l.) interacisternal microtubules were formed in arion ater, however they do not correspond to interacisternal polycylinders because they differ in size and they are not continuous with the membrane cistern. from our study it may be concluded that these intracisternal microtubules suggest an accumulation of protein. | 1989 | 2767281 |
| the involvement of opioid peptides in stress-induced analgesia in the slug arion ater. | application of tail-pinch stress to the terrestrial slug, arion ater, produced a significant increase in the response time when tested on the hot-plate for foot-lifting response. the analgesia was completely reversed by injections of the opiate antagonists, naltrexone and ici 174864, in a dose-dependent manner. analgesia could also be elicited by the injection into the foot of beta-endorphin and the enkephalin analogues, dago and dadle. no effect was seen with dynorphin a (1-8) or dynorphin a (1 ... | 2013 | 2568626 |
| zinc treatment of the digestive gland of the slug arion ater l. 2. sublethal effects at the histological level. | | 1988 | 3233385 |
| zinc treatment of the digestive gland of the slug arion ater l. 1. cellular distribution of zinc and calcium. | | 1988 | 3233384 |
| copper treatment of the digestive gland of the slug, arion ater l. 1. bioassay conduction and histochemical analysis. | | 1986 | 3697535 |
| effect of chronic and acute lead treatment in the slug arion ater on calcium and delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase activity. | accumulation of lead in the tissues was greater after acute exposure. most of the metal was deposited in the intestine and least in foot. after chronic exposure to lead the calcium content of the intestine decreased. after chronic and acute exposure to lead the calcium content of the digestive gland and foot was lower than control values. lead in the digestive gland granules was higher after acute lead treatment. less than 45% of the lead was associated with the granules. these results are discu ... | 1984 | 6151454 |
| spermatogenesis and sperm dimorphism in land slug arion after l. (pulmonata, mollusca). | the fine structure of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa has been examined in the hermaphrodite gland of arion ater in detail. intercellular bridges link spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. the primary spermatocytes appear in groups, connected to a common cytoplasmic mass, the cytophore. two types of spermatids and sperm are recognized (eupyrene and apyrene). the apyrene spermatids differ from the eupyrene type, particularly in the later sperm ... | 1981 | 7195121 |
| peroxisomes in pulmonate gastropods. | organelles with the morphologic characteristics of peroxisomes have been found in the cells of the kidney sac of two terrestrial pulmonate gastropods. arion ater and ariolimax columbianus. these peroxisomes appear in profile as circles or ellipses, 0.25 micron in diameter and 0.3-0.8 micron long; they have a finely granular matrix and a single-limiting membrane; the organelles are extensively associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. some ariolimax peroxisomes contained structures reminiscen ... | 1977 | 864236 |
| the effect of deficiencies of b vitamins on the growth of arion ater l. | | 1975 | 237690 |
| sensory structure of the tentacles of the slug, arion ater (pulmonata, mollusca). 2. ultrastructure of the free nerve endings in the distal epithelium. | | 1974 | 4140037 |
| cytological and cytochemical studies of centrifuged eggs of the slug arion ater rufus l. | | 1972 | 4336557 |
| gonadal development and sex determination in pulmonate molluscs. ii. arion ater rufus and deroceras reticulatum. | | 1972 | 5056502 |
| the tactile sense of the tentacles of the common slug, arion ater l. | | 1971 | 5574872 |
| the biosynthesis of ether-containing phospholipids in the slug, arion ater. 3. origin of the vinylic ether bond of plasmalogens. | | 1968 | 5689061 |
| rhythmic muscular activity in the alimentary tract of arion ater (l.) (gastropoda: pulmonata). | | 1968 | 5650495 |
| steroids of invertebrates: production of oestrogens by an accessory reproductive tissue of the slug arion ater rufus (linn.). | | 1967 | 6058299 |
| steroids of invertebrates: the in vitro production of ii-ketotestosterone and other steroids by the eggs of the slug, arion ater rufus (linn.). | | 1966 | 21090426 |
| the biosynthesis of ether-containing phospholipids in the slug, arion ater. ii. the role of glyceryl ether lipids as plasmalogen precursors. | | 1966 | 5958204 |
| the structure of the central nervous system of the slug arion ater l., with notes on the cytoplasmic inclusions of the neurons. | | 1966 | 5937261 |
| the secretions of the reproductive tract of the garden slug arion ater. | | 1965 | 5221057 |
| the biosynthesis of ether-containing phospholipids in the slug, arion ater. i. incorporation studies in vivo. | | 1965 | 14301782 |