| distribution of aminopeptidase p like immunoreactivity in the olfactory system and brain of frog, microhyla ornate. | the enzyme aminopeptidase p (ap-p) is encountered in diverse vertebrate and invertebrate phyla and is known to act on proteins and peptides by releasing their n-terminal amino acid when the penultimate amino acid is proline. the present study is the first attempt at visualizing distribution of this polypeptide in the brain of a vertebrate species. the distribution of this enzyme was studied immunocytochemically in the forebrain of frog microhyla ornata using antisera directed against cytosolic a ... | 2006 | 16326009 |
| composition, diversity, and spatial relationships of anurans following wetland restoration in a managed tropical forest. | we investigated the composition, diversity, and patterns of spatial use of an anuran community following a wetland restoration project in a managed tropical monsoon forest in southern taiwan. anurans comprising eight species in seven genera and four families reached a mean density of 0.025+/-0.004 anurans m(-2) within a year. the three most important species in terms of frequency of occurrence and relative abundance all had an early appearance; only the most abundant fejervarya limnocharis (62.2 ... | 2006 | 17116991 |
| acoustic characteristics of eight common chinese anurans during the breeding season. | anurans often have species-specific vocalizations. to quantify and compare the characteristics of anuran calls in gutianshan national nature reserve, zhejiang province, we recorded the advertisement calls of eight species belonging to four families (ranidae, microhylidae, megophryidae and bufonidae) from june to september 2012 using sony icd-fx8 ic recorders. all recordings were analyzed using the "praat" software. five acoustics parameters were measured, including temporal traits (call duration ... | 2014 | 24470453 |
| a new species of the genus <i>microhyla</i> (anura: microhylidae) from eastern nepal. | a new species of the genus microhyla is described from jamun khadi, jhapa district of eastern nepal, based on molecular and morphological comparisons. this species is the sister taxon of microhyla ornata and can be distinguished by a unique vocalization, morphology and molecular phylogeny. the uncorrected genetic divergences based on rrna gene between the new species and its closest congeners, m. nilphamariensis, m. ornata and m. rubra were 5.34%, 6.67%, and 8.31%, respectively. the new species, ... | 2017 | 28609972 |
| the distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (nadph-d) in the medulla oblongata, spinal cord, cranial and spinal nerves of frog, microhyla ornata. | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (nadph-d) enzymatic activity has been reported in few amphibian species. in this study, we report its unusual localization in the medulla oblongata, spinal cord, cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglions of the frog, microhyla ornata. in the rhombencephalon, at the level of facial and vagus nerves, the nadph-d labeling was noted in the nucleus of the abducent and facial nerves, dorsal nucleus of the vestibulocochlear nerve, the nucleus of ... | 2017 | 28238866 |
| an acoustic analysis of the genus microhyla (anura: microhylidae) of sri lanka. | vocalizing behavior of frogs and toads, once quantified, is useful for systematics, rapid species identification, behavioral experimentation and conservation monitoring. but yet, for many lineages vocalizations remain unknown or poorly quantified, especially in diversity rich tropical regions. here we provide a quantitative acoustical analysis for all four sri lankan congeners of the genus microhyla. three of these species are endemic to the island, but microhyla ornata is regionally widespread. ... | 2016 | 27403744 |
| biotic resistance to an alien amphibian: larval competition between japanese frogs and invasive cane toads. | understanding negative effects of native species on introduced taxa may suggest novel ways to control the invasive species by enhancing such effects. previous studies have reported that the larvae of invasive cane toads (rhinella marina) are suppressed by competition with the larvae of native anurans in australia, but not in north america. we conducted laboratory trials to measure the effect of exposure to the larvae of japanese frogs (microhyla ornata, fejervarya sakishimensis, rhacophorus owst ... | 2016 | 27253973 |
| are sex steroids essential for gonadal differentiation of the ornate frog, microhyla ornata? | knowledge about sensitivities and responses of amphibian larvae to sex steroids and the chemicals alike is the first step towards understanding and assessing the effect of diverse chemicals that interfere with gonadal development and other endocrine functions. herein, we used microhyla ornata to determine the role of sex steroids on its gonad differentiation and sex ratio. our results show that the exposure to increasing concentrations of estradiol-17β throughout larval development did not affec ... | 2016 | 27181751 |
| pattern of gonadal differentiation and development up to sexual maturity in the frogs, microhyla ornata and hylarana malabarica: a comparative study. | gonadogenesis was studied in microhyla ornata (family: microhylidae) and hylarana malabarica (family: ranidae) up to sexual maturity. indifferent gonads of m. ornata directly differentiated into either testes or ovaries while those of h. malabarica differentiated into ovaries in all the individuals followed by testicular differentiation in males through an ovarian phase. in some tadpoles of m. ornata, formation of a central cavity at gosner stage 27 marked ovary differentiation while meiosis was ... | 2015 | 26361250 |
| nesfatin-1/nucleobindin-2 like immunoreactivity in the olfactory system, brain and pituitary of frog, microhyla ornata. | nesfatin-1 is a recently discovered anorectic protein derived from the precursor nucleobindin-2 (nucb2). while nesfatin-1 has been widely studied in mammals, and goldfish, there are no reports of nesfatin-1 in amphibians. using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis, this study assessed the distribution of nucb2/nesfatin-1 in the brain of frog microhyla ornata. nucb2/nesfatin-1 like immunoreactivity was found in the olfactory receptor neurons, bowman's glands and in the olfactory epithel ... | 2014 | 24768694 |
| [characteristics of courtship calls of microhyla ornata (anura: microhylidae)]. | during breeding season in may, 2012, we recorded and analyzed the courtship calls and the acoustic parameters of the male microhyla ornate in lishui, zhejiang province using an ic recorder (sx950) and the sound software praat. we observed that the male m. ornate produced calls characterized by a single harmonic call structure, multiple pulses (7, 9-16) and spindle amplitudes. analyses of the calls revealed several interesting findings: the dominant frequency of all calls ranged from 1.22-4.09 kh ... | 2013 | 23389973 |
| alterations in ambient salinity and ph lead to modulation of developmental gene expression in microhyla ornata (duméril and bibron) and xenopus laevis (daudin). | naturally fertilized microhyla ornata and xenopus laevis embryos at dorsal lip of blastopore stage were exposed to 0.3, and 0.6% sodium chloride for high salinity treatment and dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide for treatment with low and high ph, respectively. after treatment for different durations, embryos were studied morphologically and using in situ hybridization with selected genes important for normal development and for coping with environmental stress. altered salinity and p ... | 2012 | 23016490 |
| ontogeny of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide in brain of frog, microhyla ornata. | the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart) peptide is widely distributed in the brains of adult vertebrates including amphibians. several physiological roles of cart have been intensely investigated in mammals. despite these studies, the expression of cart during development of brain has not been studied in amphibians. in the present study, distribution of cart was investigated during development in the post hatched stage 23 to premetamorphic stage 30 of frog microhyla ornata. cart ... | 2013 | 22989895 |
| immunohistochemical localization and biochemical changes in catalase and superoxide dismutase during metamorphosis in the olfactory system of frog microhyla ornata. | amphibian metamorphosis is characterized by rapid tissue remodeling and drastic changes in the body structure and function. like other organs, olfactory system also undergoes a dramatic rearrangement as the animal experiences transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitat. reactive oxygen species (ros) are known to play an important role during anuran metamorphosis and role of antioxidant enzymes like catalase and superoxide dismutase (sod) are believed to play a major role in these processes. t ... | 2012 | 22134050 |
| localization and enzyme activity of iodotyrosine dehalogenase 1 during metamorphosis of frog microhyla ornata. | the distribution and activity of iodotyrosine dehalogenase 1 (dehal1) enzyme was determined during metamorphosis of the frog microhyla ornata. immunohistochemical and enzymatic studies in the thyroid, olfactory system, brain, skin, and tail of frog were performed. dehal1-positive cells were seen in the olfactory epithelium, the nucleus infundibularis ventralis, the ventricular lining, cerebellum in the brain, in the pituitary gland, in the mucus glands of skin, and in epithelial cells of tadpole ... | 2009 | 19456371 |
| taxonomic relationships within the pan-oriental narrow-mouth toad microhyla ornata as revealed by mtdna analysis (amphibia, anura, microhylidae). | a molecular phylogenetic survey was conducted using mtdna sequences of 12s and 16s rrna, and cyt-b genes to examine taxonomic relationships among populations of the pan-oriental microhylid, microhyla ornata, from india, bangladesh, thailand, laos, china, taiwan, and the ryukyu archipelago of japan. two discrete clades are recognized within this species, one consisting of populations from india and bangladesh, and the other encompassing the remaining populations. in the latter clade, populations ... | 2005 | 15846058 |
| determination of age, longevity and age at reproduction of the frog microhyla ornata by skeletochronology. | skeletochronological estimation of age, longevity, age at sexual maturity and breeding of microhyla ornata was done. frogs (n=62) were collected locally in august (rainy season) 1997 and brought to the laboratory. body mass and snout-vent-length (svl) of each frog was recorded; the 4th toe of both the hind limbs was clipped under anaesthesia, fixed in 10% formalin, demineralized in 5% nitric acid and processed for histology. limb bones (femur, humerus, tibiofibula and radioulna) of 6 large sized ... | 2001 | 11426062 |
| ultrastructural cell surface alterations in developing embryos of frog (microhyla ornata) treated with cytochalasins. | scanning electron microscopic examination of m. ornata embryos treated with cytochalasins a, b and h (ca, cb and ch) showed extensive cell disaggregation resulting in large intercellular spaces and apparent loss of intercellular communication. all the three cytochalasins significantly reduced surface features, such as, filopodia and membrane ruffling which are considered essential for normal morphogenetic movements. appreciable qualitative differences could not be detected in effects exerted by ... | 1994 | 7814037 |
| essential role of insulin during early prepancreatic development of the frog microhyla ornata. | we undertook the present study to examine the role of insulin during early development of frog when functional pancreas does not exist. two approaches were adopted to achieve this objective. in the first approach, influence of exogenous insulin on the early embryonic development of the frog microhyla ornata was studied. in the second approach, the effects of antiserum to insulin on embryonic development were studied. exogenous insulin stimulated the embryonic development while immunoneutralizati ... | 1993 | 8398684 |
| early developmental profile of ornithine decarboxylase in the frog, microhyla ornata and its regulation by polyamines. | ornithine decarboxylase (odc) activity and polyamine levels were measured during early development of the frog, microhyla ornata. odc activity was found to be high and it showed three major peaks during the first 60 hr of development. putrescine and spermidine levels increased gradually during the above period with little change in spermine. treatment of developing embryos with exogenous putrescine and spermidine prevented the normal increase in odc activity. spermine did not have any significan ... | 1991 | 2022946 |
| effects of cytochalasin h on developing frog embryos: reversibility of action. | cytochalasin h (ch) brought about cellular disaggregation resulting into arrest of development in the embryos of the frog, microhyla ornata. the effects were dependent on the dose of ch, duration of the treatment as well as on developmental stage of the embryo at the beginning of the treatment. the embryos were protected to some extent if the vitelline membranes were left intact. the reversibility of ch-action, after transfer of treated embryos to ch-free medium, was dependent on the extent of c ... | 1987 | 28305394 |
| toxicities of some heavy metals to the tadpoles of frog, microhyla ornata (dumeril & bibron). | static bioassays were conducted to determine the relative acute toxicities of five heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, copper, manganese and zinc) to 1-week-old and 4-week-old tadpoles of the frog, microhyla ornata. toxic effects were calculated on the basis of lc50 for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h exposures at 25.5-26.0 degrees c. mercury was the most toxic and zinc was the least toxic of the heavy metals tested. the sensitivity of the tadpoles to the heavy metals increased with increased age. | 1987 | 3576652 |
| effects of cytochalasins on developing frog embryos: protection with l-cysteine and α-d-glucosamine. | cytochalasins a, b and h (ca, cb and ch) brought about cellular disaggregation and mortality in the developing embryos of the frog, microhyla ornata. all three cytochalasins exhibited a dose-response relationship. ca was the most potent and its effects were significantly reduced by simultaneous additon of l-cysteine, a sulph-hydryl compound. α-d-glucosamine, a precursor of complex macromolecules important in cell adhesion, protected against the effects of ch. the effects of cb, however, were inf ... | 1987 | 28305661 |
| toxic and teratogenic effects of fenitrothion, bhc and carbofuran on embryonic development of the frog microhyla ornata. | the toxic and teratogenic effects of fenitrothion, benzene hexachloride (bhc) and carbofuran on the embryos and tadpoles of the frog microhyla ornata were investigated for a period of 96 h. of the three pesticides tested, fenitrothion was found to be most toxic and teratogenic and carbofuran the least toxic while bhc was intermediate. tadpoles were observed to be more sensitive than the embryos to these pesticides. abnormalities observed in embryos and tadpoles were the occurrence of blisters on ... | 1984 | 6205475 |
| notochordal anomaly in frog embryos exposed to tetraethylthiuram monosulphide and tetraethylthiuram disulphide. | gastrulating embryos of the frog microhyla ornata were treated with tetraethylthiuram monosulphide (tetm) and tetraethylthiuram disulphide (tetd) for 48-96 h. it was observed that both chemicals induce severe notochordal abnormalities at very low concentration. the notochord in abnormal embryos was highly swollen and entirely wavy. the notochordal cells were swollen and disarrayed. the embryos were also highly oedematous and there was considerable disarray of other tissues due to the abnormal no ... | 1983 | 6658838 |
| effect of malathion on embryonic development of the frog microhyla ornata (dumeril and bibron). | | 1983 | 6616087 |
| effect of the insecticide sumithion (fenitrothion) on embryonic development in a frog. | the toxic effects of sumithion on developing embryos of a frog, microhyla ornata, were investigated for a period of 96 h. abnormalities observed were loss of balance, abnormal behavior, curvature of the body axis, poor pigmentation, feeble circulation in the tail, blisters on the body, distension of body cavities and retarded growth. | 1983 | 6825798 |
| effect of mercuric chloride on embryonic development of the frog microhyla ornata. | | 1980 | 6452406 |
| effect of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate on developing embryos of the frog microhyla ornata. | | 1980 | 6259053 |
| ultrastructural changes in the embryonic cells of the frog microhyla ornata after cytochalasin h treatment. | biological effects of cytochalasin h (ch), a newly isolated mould metabolite, have been found to bring about disaggregation of embryonic cells and to inhibit cytokinesis. disaggregation is known to be a phenomenon related to the cell surface. (the cells are held together by a mucopolysaccharide glycoprotein complex.) in the present work the fact that the mucopolysaccharide glycoprotein surface coat gets affected by ch treatment is confirmed by electron microscopy with the help of lanthanum, a sp ... | 1980 | 6444598 |
| effects of cytochalasin h on the morphogenetic movements of the embryos of microhyla ornata. | | 1977 | 920027 |
| effects of cytochalasin h on the embryonic endodermal cells of microhyla ornata. | cytochalasin h (ch) like cb causes disaggregation of embryonic endodermal cells and reduces their adhesivity to the glass surface. these cells reaggregate on removal of the drug from the medium. reversibility depends on the duration of drug treatment. the mechanism of drug action is explained. | 1977 | 891786 |
| brain profiling of endogenous neuropeptide y (npy) in distinct reproductive phases of adult male microhyla ornata. | neuropeptide y(npy) is known to play a pivotal role in various physiological functions including appetite and reproduction. while studies in mammals, fishes and reptiles suggest a temporal and evolutionary conserved role of npy, the information in amphibian is scanty. we have investigated the reproductive phase related variations of npy in the brain of microhyla ornata (m. ornata), using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr). the highest expression of npy pept ... | 2020 | 33045276 |
| tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of tadpole of the narrow mouthed frog microhyla ornata. | catecholamines serve as a neuromodulators of many behavioral and endocrine responses in different vertebrates including amphibians. however, the neuroanatomical studies on catecholamines, especially in the tadpole brain are limited. in this study, we report the distribution of catecholaminergic neurons in different areas of the brain in the tadpole of microhyla ornata at metamorphic climax stage. application of antisera against tyrosine hydroxylase (th) revealed the presence of catecholaminergic ... | 2020 | 31669151 |
| sex-specific distribution of neuropeptide y (npy) in the brain of the frog, microhyla ornata. | neuropeptide y (npy) is involved in sex-specific behavioural processes in vertebrates. npy integrates energy balance and reproduction in mammals. however, the relevance of npy in reproduction of lower vertebrates is understudied. in the present study, we have investigated neuroanatomical distribution and sex-specific differences of npy in the brain of microhyla ornata using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time pcr. npy is widely distributed throughout the brain of m. ornata. we observ ... | 2019 | 30826125 |