| contact infection of mink with 5 subtypes of avian influenza virus. brief report. | avian influenza viruses of h3n8, h11n4, h7n7, h8n4, and h5n3 infected mink by contact. | 1983 | 6314940 |
| avian influenza virus screening in wild waterfowl in norway, 2005. | the prevalence of influenza a virus infection, and the distribution of different subtypes of the virus, were studied in 604 geese and ducks shot during ordinary hunting 2005. the study was based upon molecular screening of cloacal swabs taken by the hunters. the sampling included the following species: greylag (anser anser), mallard (anas platyrhynchos), wigeon (anas penelope), teal (anas crecca), goosander (mergus merganser), tufted duck (aythya fuligula), common scoter (melanitta nigra), golde ... | 2007 | 17494599 |
| using rrt-pcr analysis and virus isolation to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus infections in ducks at minto flats state game refuge, alaska, during august 2005. | this study describes surveillance for avian influenza viruses (aiv) in the minto flats state game refuge, high-density waterfowl breeding grounds in alaska. five hundred paired cloacal samples from dabbling ducks (northern pintail, mallard, green wing teal, and widgeon) were placed into ethanol and viral transport medium (vtm). additional ethanol-preserved samples were taken. of the ethanol-preserved samples, 25.6% were aiv rna-positive by real-time rt-pcr. the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminida ... | 2007 | 17541700 |
| origin of the 1918 spanish influenza virus: a comparative genomic analysis. | to test the avian-origin hypothesis of the 1918 spanish influenza virus we surveyed influenza sequences from a broad taxonomic distribution and collected 65 full-length genomes representing avian, human and "classic" swine h1n1 lineages in addition to numerous other swine (h1n2, h3n1, and h3n2), human (h2n2, h3n2, and h5n1), and avian (h1n1, h4n6, h5n1, h6n1, h6n6, h6n8, h7n3, h8n4, h9n2, and h13n2) subtypes. amino acids from all eight segments were concatenated, aligned, and used for phylogenet ... | 2008 | 18353690 |
| gene segment reassortment between american and asian lineages of avian influenza virus from waterfowl in the beringia area. | since prehistoric times, the bering strait area (beringia) has served as an avenue of dispersal between the old and the new worlds. on a field expedition to this area, we collected fecal samples from dabbling ducks, geese, shorebirds, and gulls on the chukchi peninsula, siberia, and pt. barrow, alaska, and characterized the subtypes of avian influenza virus present in them. four of 202 samples (2%) from alaska were positive for influenza a virus rna in two independent polymerase chain reaction ( ... | 2008 | 18637721 |
| [distribution of avian influenza virus subtypes among domestic ducks in eastern china]. | to identify the distribution of avian influenza virus subtypes among domestic ducks in eastern china. | 2008 | 19160806 |
| influenza-a viruses in ducks in northwestern minnesota: fine scale spatial and temporal variation in prevalence and subtype diversity. | waterfowl from northwestern minnesota were sampled by cloacal swabbing for avian influenza virus (aiv) from july-october in 2007 and 2008. aiv was detected in 222 (9.1%) of 2,441 ducks in 2007 and in 438 (17.9%) of 2,452 ducks in 2008. prevalence of aiv peaked in late summer. we detected 27 aiv subtypes during 2007 and 31 during 2008. ten hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes were detected each year (i.e., h1, 3-8, and 10-12 during 2007; h1-8, 10 and 11 during 2008). all neuraminidase (na) subtypes were d ... | 2011 | 21931636 |
| avian influenza virus wild bird surveillance in the azov and black sea regions of ukraine (2010-2011). | the azov and black sea basins are part of the transcontinental wild bird migration routes from northern asia and europe to the mediterranean, africa, and southwest asia. these regions constitute an area of transit, stops during migration, and nesting for many different bird species. from september 2010 to september 2011, a wild bird surveillance study was conducted in these regions to identify avian influenza viruses. biological samples consisting of cloacal and tracheal swabs and fecal samples ... | 2012 | 23402128 |
| influenza a viruses from wild birds in guatemala belong to the north american lineage. | the role wild bird species play in the transmission and ecology of avian influenza virus (aiv) is well established; however, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the worldwide distribution of these viruses, specifically about the prevalence and/or significance of aiv in central and south america. as part of an assessment of the ecology of aiv in guatemala, we conducted active surveillance in wild birds on the pacific and atlantic coasts. cloacal and tracheal swab samples taken from ... | 2012 | 22427902 |
| strain-related variation in the persistence of influenza a virus in three types of water: distilled water, filtered surface water, and intact surface water. | the persistence of influenza a (ia) virus in aquatic habitats has been demonstrated to be a determinant for virus transmission dynamics in wild duck populations. in this study, we investigated virus strain-related variation in persistence in water for nine wild duck isolated ia viruses of three subtypes (h3n8, h4n6, and h8n4). | 2013 | 23289857 |