| mosquito fauna of certain areas of deltaic west bengal--a preliminary report. | survey of mosquito fauna in certain areas of deltaic bengal was conducted between september 1989 to february 1990. anopheles vagus predominated in canning study area and anopheles hyrcanus in budge budge. comparatively low densities of anopheles annularis were recorded from canning (6.05% of the total anophelines) and budge budge (7.36% of the total anophelines), respectively. c. vishnui, c. pseudovishnui and c. tritaeniorhynchus were collected from both canning and budge budge study areas. c. p ... | 1991 | 1680757 |
| anopheline ecology and malaria infection during the irrigation development of an area of the mahaweli project, sri lanka. | a study on adult anopheline ecology and malaria vector incrimination was carried out from 1986 to 1989 during irrigation development in an area of the mahaweli project in eastern sri lanka. eleven potential vector species were collected resting indoors or by using human or bovid bait, and from light trap catches. overall, anopheles vagus (donitz), an. annularis (van der wulp), and an. subpictus (grassi) were the most prevalent, and an. culicifacies (giles) and an. barbirostris (van der wulp) wer ... | 1991 | 1877717 |
| a survey on indoor resting mosquito species in phnom penh, kampuchea. | indoor resting mosquitoes were collected in 7 localities (250 houses) of phnom penh at various periods. the mosquitoes were collected for 8 min in every house by means of an aspirator and net. a total of 16 species of mosquitoes resting in houses were found, one of them for the first time in kampuchea. culex quinquefasciatus was the predominant species in 6 of the localities observed; its predominance in houses was more or less evident; aedes aegypti prevailed in one locality. the percentage of ... | 1990 | 2370029 |
| structure of the aedes aegypti (l.) and culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae) populations in the houses of phnom penh (kampuchea). | sex ratio and engorged females ratio were studied in the main mosquito species populations (aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus and partially anopheles vagus) in the houses of phnom penh. collections were carried out in 7 different localities, including area from the centre of the town to the periphery. in ae. aegypti and c. quinquefasciatus populations females were dominant in 5 localities, while males were dominant in 2 localities. engorged females were predominant over unfed ones in all cas ... | 1990 | 2370030 |
| colonization of rice fields by mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and larvivorous predators in asynchronous rice cultivation areas in the philippines. | colonization of rice fields by mosquitoes and larvivorous predators was studied in asynchronous rice cultivation areas in the philippines. dipper samples were taken from rice fields at six phases of maturity (fallow, ploughed, nursery, newly transplanted, after tillering, mature). all phases were present concurrently at each of two study sites. abundance levels of the vishnui subgroup of culex and of the genus anopheles were high in ploughed fields, nurseries, and newly transplanted fields; this ... | 1990 | 2388229 |
| isolation of japanese encephalitis virus from anopheles annularis and anopheles vagus in lombok, indonesia. | three strains of japanese encephalitis (je) virus were recorded from mosquitoes collected in lombok, indonesia, during march 1979, from pools of anopheles vagus, an. annularis and culex tritaeniorhynchus respectively. this is believed to be the first report of isolation of je virus from an. vagus. the frequencies of je viral infection in zoophilic anopheles species were higher than in cx tritaeniorhynchus, the principle vector of je virus in asia. the low frequency of infection in cx tritaeniorh ... | 1985 | 3832495 |
| experimental infection of plasmodium falciparum by anopheles vagus in south vietnam. | | 1972 | 4569028 |
| mosquitoes of bali island, indonesia: common species in the village environment. | routine sampling of mosquito populations in rural villages was carried out during 13 months at 4 locations in southern bali island, indonesia. sampling was by light trapping and early night resting collections around animal stables. specimens collected were preserved for assay of arthropod-borne viruses; 104,608 specimens representing 20 species were prepared in 2681 pools for viral assay. anopheles barbirostris and an. subpictus have been shown to be important vectors of brugia malayi and b. ti ... | 1983 | 6140760 |
| incrimination of anopheles vagus donitz, 1902 as an epidemic malaria vector in bangladesh. | | 1994 | 7958128 |
| a survey of larval and adult mosquitoes on the flood plains of bangladesh, in relation to flood-control activities. | a mosquito survey was carried out between october 1991 and november 1992 on the flood plains of bangladesh, as part of a baseline study designed to help predict the effects on vector-borne diseases of embanking rivers under the bangladesh government's flood action plan. overall, 15 species of larval and 15 species of adult anophelines were collected, along with 13 larval and 21 adult culicines. anophelines made up only 6% of the mosquitoes caught at human bait. the most abundant anopheline bitin ... | 1996 | 9039274 |
| collection of anopheline mosquitos in three villages endemic for malaria in khammouane, lao pdr. | anopheline mosquito collections were made during the months of may and june (dry season) and august (rainy season), 1996 at villages, nakham, namdik and hinboon neua in khammouane province. larval collections were also made in 3 slow running streams around nakham villages in may 1996. altogether, 3,549 adult females consisting 19 anopheles species were collected by 3 nights of human and 6 animal bait traps and 3 resting collections. among them, anopheles vagus (19.75%), an. philippinensis (15.02 ... | 1997 | 9561618 |
| mosquito and aquatic predator communities in ground pools on lands deforested for rice field development in central sulawesi, indonesia. | aquatic habitats, mosquitoes, and larvivorous predators were studied on deforested lands in central sulawesi, indonesia. open ground pools, mainly in depressions made by the treads of bulldozers and other heavy equipment, were numerous but because of their small size, comprised ca. 1% or less of the total area of the deforested lands studied. the dominant mosquitoes in these pools were anopheles vagus, culex vishnui, culex tritaeniorhynchus, and culex gelidus. the 1st 2 species were dominant in ... | 1999 | 10412104 |
| a polymerase chain reaction based method for the detection of culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | culex quinquefasciatus say is the major vector of the filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) which causes lymphatic filariasis in humans. a repetitive dna sequence from the genome of c. quinquefasciatus has been cloned and completely sequenced. the 693 bp cloned fragment had an a+t content of 72%. dot matrix analysis of the fragment did not reveal any direct or inverted repeats within it. southern blot analysis using a variety of restriction enzymes appeared to indicate that the cloned ... | 2000 | 10948365 |
| seroprevalences of antibodies against thoracic proteins of three species of mosquito, among the residents of an area where filariasis is endemic: relationship with the mosquito densities. | attempts were made to correlate the numbers of indoor-resting culex quinquefasciatus, armigeres theobold and anopheles vagus in raipur, chattisgarh state, india, with the seroprevalences, among the city's microfilaraemic and 'endemic normal' residents, of antibodies reacting with thoracic proteins from the adult females of each of these species. overall, 6478 female mosquitoes were collected in about 176 man-hours spread over a 12-month period. antibodies to cx. quniquefasciatus, the commonest s ... | 2001 | 11454250 |
| epidemiological observations on malaria in some parts of darrang district, assam. | a study on malaria conducted in tribal villages of darrang district, assam during april 1994 to march 1995 revealed that the malaria incidence due to plasmodium falciparum was considerably high. slide positivity rate (spr) ranged between 2.3 to 45.67 per cent with transmission from may to october. p. falciparum was the dominant species (91.7 per cent) followed by p. vivax (7.25 per cent) and mixed infection (pv + pf = 1.05 per cent). malaria cases were recorded throughout the year in all the age ... | 2001 | 11963817 |
| sri lanka malaria maps. | despite a relatively good national case reporting system in sri lanka, detailed maps of malaria distribution have not been publicly available. | 2003 | 12914667 |
| maps of the sri lanka malaria situation preceding the tsunami and key aspects to be considered in the emergency phase and beyond. | following the tsunami, a detailed overview of the area specific transmission levels is essential in assessing the risk of malaria in sri lanka. recent information on vector insecticide resistance, parasite drug resistance, and insights into the national policy for malaria diagnosis and treatment are important in assisting national and international agencies in their control efforts. | 2005 | 15676073 |
| altered environment and risk of malaria outbreak in south andaman, andaman & nicobar islands, india affected by tsunami disaster. | pools of salt water and puddles created by giant waves from the sea due to the tsunami that occurred on 26th december 2004 would facilitate increased breeding of brackish water malaria vector, anopheles sundaicus. land uplifts in north andaman and subsidence in south andaman have been reported and subsidence may lead to environmental disturbances and vector proliferation. this warrants a situation analysis and vector surveillance in the tsunami hit areas endemic for malaria transmitted by bracki ... | 2005 | 16029514 |
| coltiviruses and seadornaviruses in north america, europe, and asia. | coltiviruses are tickborne viruses of the genus coltivirus. the type species, colorado tick fever virus (from north america), has been isolated from patients with flulike syndromes, meningitis, encephalitis, and other severe complications. another coltivirus, eyach virus, has been isolated from ticks in france and germany and incriminated in febrile illnesses and neurologic syndromes. seadornaviruses are endemic in southeast asia, particularly indonesia and china. the prototype virus of the genu ... | 2005 | 16318717 |
| malaria in sri lanka: one year post-tsunami. | one year ago, the authors of this article reported in this journal on the malaria situation in sri lanka prior to the tsunami that hit on 26 december 2004, and estimated the likelihood of a post-tsunami malaria outbreak to be low. malaria incidence has decreased in 2005 as compared to 2004 in most districts, including the ones that were hit hardest by the tsunami. the malaria incidence (aggregated for the whole country) in 2005 followed the downward trend that started in 2000. however, surveilla ... | 2006 | 16700913 |
| ecology of invasive mosquitoes: effects on resident species and on human health. | investigations of biological invasions focus on patterns and processes that are related to introduction, establishment, spread and impacts of introduced species. this review focuses on the ecological interactions operating during invasions by the most prominent group of insect vectors of disease, mosquitoes. first, we review characteristics of non-native mosquito species that have established viable populations, and those invasive species that have spread widely and had major impacts, testing wh ... | 2005 | 17637849 |
| environmental factors associated with spatial and temporal distribution of anopheles (diptera: culicidae) larvae in sukabumi, west java, indonesia. | a 12-mo ecological study of the spatial-temporal distribution of immature stages of anopheles species was conducted in sukabumi district, west java, indonesia. the study characterized 1,600 sites from a contiguous coastal and hill zone (0-800-m elevation) of which 64% contained anopheles larvae. principal component and multiple logistic regression analyses identified ecological parameters associated with presence of nine [anopheles aconitus doenitz, anopheles annularis van de wulp, anopheles bar ... | 2007 | 17695007 |
| distribution of anopheles in vietnam, with particular attention to malaria vectors of the anopheles minimus complex. | the distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in vietnam was examined, with a particular interest for the two sibling species of the anopheles minimus complex (cellia: myzomyia), an. minimus and anopheles harrisoni, respectively former species a and c. because the morphological identification of both sibling species is difficult and may lead to misidentifications, accurate data on their respective distribution are missing. this is of fundamental importance since the two species seem to exhibit diffe ... | 2008 | 18190697 |
| multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms involving metabolic changes and insensitive target sites selected in anopheline vectors of malaria in sri lanka. | the current status of insecticide resistance and the underlying resistance mechanisms were studied in the major vector of malaria, anopheles culicifacies, and the secondary vector, anopheles subpictus in five districts (anuradhapura, kurunegala, moneragala, puttalam and trincomalee) of sri lanka. eight other anophelines, anopheles annularis, anopheles barbirostris, anopheles jamesii, anopheles nigerrimus, anopheles peditaeniatus, anopheles tessellatus, anopheles vagus and anopheles varuna from a ... | 2008 | 18755020 |
| impact of insecticide-treated nets on wild pyrethroid resistant anopheles epiroticus population from southern vietnam tested in experimental huts. | in this study, the efficacy of insecticide-treated nets was evaluated in terms of deterrence, blood-feeding inhibition, induced exophily and mortality on a wild resistant population of anopheles epiroticus in southern vietnam, in order to gain insight into the operational consequences of the insecticide resistance observed in this malaria vector in the mekong delta. | 2009 | 19874581 |
| prevalence of anopheline species and their plasmodium infection status in epidemic-prone border areas of bangladesh. | information related to malaria vectors is very limited in bangladesh. in the changing environment and various anopheles species may be incriminated and play role in the transmission cycle. this study was designed with an intention to identify anopheline species and possible malaria vectors in the border belt areas, where the malaria is endemic in bangladesh. | 2010 | 20074326 |
| malaria vectors of timor-leste. | the island of timor lies at the south-eastern edge of indonesia on the boundary of the oriental and australian faunal regions. the country of timor-leste, which occupies the eastern part of the island, is malarious, but anopheline faunal surveys and malaria vector incrimination date back to the 1960 s. over the last decade the malaria vectors of south-east asia and the south-west pacific have been intensely studied using molecular techniques that can confirm identification within complexes of is ... | 2010 | 20122278 |
| mosquito species associated within some western himalayas phytogeographic zones in the garhwal region of india. | thirty four species of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were collected across three phytogeographic zones; tropical (300 to 1000 m), sub tropical (1000 to 2000 m) and temperate (2000 to 3000 m) in the garhwal region of india. they included 5 genera: aedes, anopheles, armigeres, culex and uranotaenia. of these, the immature forms of 23 species were recovered from different breeding habitats. the larval habitats were seepage pools, river beds, rice fields, tanks, forest pools, ditches, streams, roc ... | 2007 | 20233101 |
| bionomics of anopheles spp. (diptera: culicidae) in a malaria endemic region of sukabumi, west java, indonesia. | a 15-month bionomic study of anopheles species was conducted in two ecologically distinct villages (coastal and upland) of sukabumi district, west java, indonesia from june 2006 to september 2007. mosquitoes were captured using human-landing collections at both sites. during the study, a total of 17,100 anopheles mosquitoes comprising 13 anopheles species were caught: 9,151 at the coastal site and 7,949 at the upland site. anopheles barbirostris, anopheles maculatus, and anopheles vagus were the ... | 2009 | 20836823 |
| vectors and malaria transmission in deforested, rural communities in north-central vietnam. | malaria is still prevalent in rural communities of central vietnam even though, due to deforestation, the primary vector anopheles dirus is uncommon. in these situations little is known about the secondary vectors which are responsible for maintaining transmission. basic information on the identification of the species in these rural communities is required so that transmission parameters, such as ecology, behaviour and vectorial status can be assigned to the appropriate species. | 2010 | 20846447 |
| persistent transmission of malaria in garo hills of meghalaya bordering bangladesh, north-east india. | malaria is endemic in garo hills of meghalaya, and death cases are reported annually. plasmodium falciparum is the major parasite, and is solely responsible for each malaria-attributable death case. garo hills are categorized high-risk for drug-resistant malaria; however, there exists no data on malaria transmitting mosquitoes prevalent in the region. included in this report are entomological observations with particular reference to vector biology characteristics for devising situation specific ... | 2010 | 20858290 |
| detection of 1014f kdr mutation in four major anopheline malaria vectors in indonesia. | malaria is a serious public health problem in indonesia, particularly in areas outside java and bali. the spread of resistance to the currently available anti-malarial drugs or insecticides used for mosquito control would cause an increase in malaria transmission. to better understand patterns of transmission and resistance in indonesia, an integrated mosquito survey was conducted in three areas with different malaria endemicities, purworejo in central java, south lampung district in sumatera an ... | 2010 | 21054903 |
| malaria transmission and vector behaviour in a forested malaria focus in central vietnam and the implications for vector control. | in vietnam, malaria is becoming progressively restricted to specific foci where human and vector characteristics alter the known malaria epidemiology, urging for alternative or adapted control strategies. long-lasting insecticidal hammocks (llih) were designed and introduced in ninh thuan province, south-central vietnam, to control malaria in the specific context of forest malaria. an entomological study in this specific forested environment was conducted to assess the behavioural patterns of fo ... | 2010 | 21182774 |
| dusk to dawn activity patterns of anopheline mosquitoes in west timor and java, indonesia. | malaria is a serious health issue in indonesia. we investigated the dusk to dawn anopheline mosquito activity patterns, host-seeking and resting locations in coastal plain, hilly and highland areas in west timor and java. adult mosquitoes were captured landing on humans or resting in houses or animal barns. data analyzed were: mosquito night-time activities; period of peak activity; night-time activity in specific periods of time and for mosquito resting locations. eleven species were recorded; ... | 2011 | 21706933 |
| review of insecticide resistance and behavioral avoidance of vectors of human diseases in thailand. | physiological resistance and behavioral responses of mosquito vectors to insecticides are critical aspects of the chemical-based disease control equation. the complex interaction between lethal, sub-lethal and excitation/repellent ('excito-repellent') properties of chemicals is typically overlooked in vector management and control programs. the development of "physiological" resistance, metabolic and/or target site modifications, to insecticides has been well documented in many insect groups and ... | 2013 | 24294938 |
| mosquitoes of western yunnan province, china: seasonal abundance, diversity, and arbovirus associations. | the western borderland between yunnan province, china, and myanmar is characterized by a climate that facilitates year-round production of mosquitoes. numerous mosquito-transmitted viruses, including japanese encephalitis virus circulate in this area. this project was to describe seasonal patterns in mosquito species abundance and arbovirus activity in the mosquito populations. | 2013 | 24146951 |
| field evaluation of picaridin repellents reveals differences in repellent sensitivity between southeast asian vectors of malaria and arboviruses. | scaling up of insecticide treated nets has contributed to a substantial malaria decline. however, some malaria vectors, and most arbovirus vectors, bite outdoors and in the early evening. therefore, topically applied insect repellents may provide crucial additional protection against mosquito-borne pathogens. among topical repellents, deet is the most commonly used, followed by others such as picaridin. the protective efficacy of two formulated picaridin repellents against mosquito bites, includ ... | 2014 | 25522134 |
| species composition, seasonal occurrence, habitat preference and altitudinal distribution of malaria and other disease vectors in eastern nepal. | it is increasingly recognized that climate change can alter the geographical distribution of vector-borne diseases (vbds) with shifts of disease vectors to higher altitudes and latitudes. in particular, an increasing risk of malaria and dengue fever epidemics in tropical highlands and temperate regions has been predicted in different climate change scenarios. the aim of this paper is to expand the current knowledge on the seasonal occurrence and altitudinal distribution of malaria and other dise ... | 2014 | 25430654 |
| genetic diversity of japanese encephalitis virus isolates obtained from the indonesian archipelago between 1974 and 1987. | five genotypes (gi-v) of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) have been identified, all of which have distinct geographical distributions and epidemiologies. it is thought that jev originated in the indonesia-malaysia region from an ancestral virus. from that ancestral virus gv diverged, followed by giv, giii, gii, and gi. genotype iv appears to be confined to the indonesia-malaysia region, as giv has been isolated in indonesia from mosquitoes only, while gv has been isolated on three occasions onl ... | 2013 | 23590316 |
| genetic compatibility between anopheles lesteri from korea and anopheles paraliae from thailand. | to assess differentiation and relationships between anopheles lesteri and anopheles paraliae we established three and five iso-female lines of an. lesteri from korea and an. paraliae from thailand, respectively. these isolines were used to investigate the genetic relationships between the two taxa by crossing experiments and by comparing dna sequences of ribosomal dna second internal transcribed spacer (its2) and mitochondrial dna cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) and subunit ii (coii). resul ... | 0 | 23778670 |
| surveillance of japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes in vietnam from 2006 to 2008. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection in mosquitoes was monitored in vietnam from 2006 to 2008. a total of 15,225 mosquitoes, identified as 26 species in five genera were collected and 12,621 were grouped into 447 pools for examination of jev infection by assays for cytopathic effects in c6/36 cells and by rt-pcr to detect flavivirus rna. three jev strains were isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus giles collected in northern and southern vietnam and two jev strains were isolated from cule ... | 2013 | 23358634 |
| an outbreak of japanese encephalitis after two decades in odisha, india. | sudden deaths in children due to acute encephalitis syndrome (aes) from a tribal dominated district of malkangiri in odisha, india, was reported during september-november, 2012. the investigation was carried out to search for the possible viral aetiology that caused this outbreak. clinico-epidemiological survey and seromolecular investigation were carried out to confirm the viral aetiology. two hundred seventy two suspected cases with 24 deaths were observed. the patients presented with low to m ... | 0 | 26905239 |
| monitoring of malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis vectors. | vector monitoring in military stations would help in protecting the armed forces from vector borne diseases such as malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis. | 2013 | 24843200 |
| a video clip of the biting midge culicoides anophelis ingesting blood from an engorged anopheles mosquito in hainan, china. | biting midges are hematophagus ectoparasites of insects, humans and other animals. culicoides (trithicoides) anophelis edwards1922 is a predator of engorged mosquitoes. | 2013 | 24499575 |
| vector databank in the indian armed forces. | medical intelligence of disease vectors deals with understanding vector distribution and control. | 2011 | 27408077 |
| litchi-associated acute encephalitis in children, northern vietnam, 2004-2009. | since the end of the 1990s, unexplained outbreaks of acute encephalitis in children coinciding with litchi harvesting (may-july) have been documented in the bac giang province in northern vietnam. a retrospective ecologic analysis of data for 2004-2009 involving environmental, agronomic, and climatic factors was conducted to investigate the suspected association between the outbreaks and litchi harvesting. the clinical, biological, and immunologic characteristics of the patients suggested a vira ... | 0 | 23092599 |
| entomological investigations into an epidemic of japanese encephalitis (je) in northern districts of west bengal, india (2011-2012). | japanese encephalitis (je) is one of the most important arboviral diseases of human beings with outbreaks in many parts of southeast asia including india. we present the entomological findings of an outbreak occurred in northern part of west bengal during 2011-2012 with special emphasis on the role of je vectors in different seasons. | 0 | 25027086 |
| detection of west nile virus in six mosquito species in synchrony with seroconversion among sentinel chickens in india. | west nile virus (wnv) is a zoonotic flavivirus maintained in mosquito-bird transmission cycle. although humans are accidental hosts, fatal outcomes following wnv infection have been reported from india. studies have identified wnv as an important etiological agent causing acute encephalitis syndrome in assam, northeast india. while circulation of wnv is evident, the role of vectors and avian hosts involved in the transmission remains unclear. in this study we identified local mosquito species fo ... | 2017 | 28061903 |
| cow-baited tents are highly effective in sampling diverse anopheles malaria vectors in cambodia. | the accurate monitoring and evaluation of malaria vectors requires efficient sampling. the objective of this study was to compare methods for sampling outdoor-biting anopheles mosquitoes in cambodia. | 2016 | 27577697 |
| species composition and diversity of malaria vector breeding habitats in trincomalee district of sri lanka. | mosquito larval ecology is important in determining larval densities and species assemblage. this in turn influences malaria transmission in an area. therefore, understanding larval habitat ecology is important in designing malaria control programs. | 2015 | 26583136 |
| barrier screens: a method to sample blood-fed and host-seeking exophilic mosquitoes. | determining the proportion of blood meals on humans by outdoor-feeding and resting mosquitoes is challenging. this is largely due to the difficulty of finding an adequate and unbiased sample of resting, engorged mosquitoes to enable the identification of host blood meal sources. this is particularly difficult in the south-west pacific countries of indonesia, the solomon islands and papua new guinea where thick vegetation constitutes the primary resting sites for the exophilic mosquitoes that are ... | 2013 | 23379959 |
| impact of interventions on malaria in internally displaced persons along the china-myanmar border: 2011-2014. | internally displaced persons (idp) represent vulnerable populations whose public health conditions merit special attention. in the china-myanmar border area, human movement and resettlements of idp can influence malaria transmission. comparison of disease incidence and vector densities between idp camps and surrounding local villages allows for better understanding of current epidemiology and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in the region. | 2016 | 27628040 |
| anopheles subpictus carry human malaria parasites in an urban area of western india and may facilitate perennial malaria transmission. | india contributes 1.5-2 million annual confirmed cases of malaria. since both parasites and vectors are evolving rapidly, updated information on parasite prevalence in mosquitoes is important for vector management and disease control. possible new vector-parasite interactions in goa, india were tested. | 2016 | 26919828 |
| anopheline species and their plasmodium infection status in aligarh, india. | malaria is a global issue and india contributes substantially to global malaria incidence. information related to malaria vectors is very limited in aligarh. the environmental and climatological situations permit the continual breeding of vectors in permanent breeding sites. this study was designed with the aim to screen all the anophelines species and possible malaria vectors in three different localities of aligarh. anopheles mosquitoes were collected from three different localities (fort, jal ... | 2015 | 27579016 |
| a household randomized, controlled trial of the efficacy of 0.03% transfluthrin coils alone and in combination with long-lasting insecticidal nets on the incidence of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria in western yunnan province, china. | mosquito coils are the most commonly used household insecticidal product in the world with sales exceeding 50 billion coils, used by two billion people worldwide annually. despite strong evidence that coils prevent mosquito bites a systematic review concluded that there is no evidence that burning mosquito coils prevents malaria acquisition. therefore, the current trial was designed to measure and compare prevention of malaria infection by mosquito coils or long-lasting insecticidal net (llin) o ... | 2014 | 24885993 |
| revised morphological identification key to the larval anopheline (diptera: culicidae) of sri lanka. | to revise morphological identification keys to the anophelines in sri lanka. | 0 | 25183086 |
| entomological determinants of insecticide-treated bed net effectiveness in western myanmar. | in a large cluster randomized control trial of insecticide-treated bed nets (itn) in western myanmar the malaria protective effect of itn was found to be highly variable and, in aggregate, the effect was not statistically significant. a coincident entomological investigation measured malaria vector abundance and biting behaviour and the human population sleeping habits, factors relevant to itn effectiveness. | 2013 | 24119994 |
| effects of microclimate condition changes due to land use and land cover changes on the survivorship of malaria vectors in china-myanmar border region. | in the past decade, developing countries have been experiencing rapid land use and land cover changes, including deforestation and cultivation of previously forested land. however, little is known about the impact of deforestation and land-use changes on the life history of malaria vectors and their effects on malaria transmission. this study examined the effects of deforestation and crop cultivation on the adult survivorship of major malaria mosquitoes, anopheles sinensis and an. minimus in the ... | 2016 | 27171475 |
| mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids - a review. | constant and extensive use of chemical insecticides has created a selection pressure and favored resistance development in many insect species worldwide. one of the most important pyrethroid resistance mechanisms is classified as target site insensitivity, due to conformational changes in the target site that impair a proper binding of the insecticide molecule. the voltage-gated sodium channel (nav) is the target of pyrethroids and ddt insecticides, used to control insects of medical, agricultur ... | 2014 | 25292318 |
| the polymorphism and the geographical distribution of the knockdown resistance (kdr) of anopheles sinensis in the republic of korea. | in the republic of korea (rok), six sibling species of the anopheles sinensis complex are considered the vector species of malaria, but data on their susceptibilities to malaria and vector capacities have been controversial. the intensive use of insecticides has contributed to the rapid development and spread of insecticide resistance in the an. sinensis complex. knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids and ddt in the an. sinensis complex is associated with a mutation in codon 1014 of the volta ... | 2012 | 22554130 |
| plasmodium vivax malaria in cambodia. | the cambodian national strategic plan for elimination of malaria aims to move step by step toward elimination of malaria across cambodia with an initial focus on plasmodium falciparum malaria before achieving elimination of all forms of malaria, including plasmodium vivax in 2025. the emergence of artemisinin-resistant p. falciparum in western cambodia over the last decade has drawn global attention to support the ultimate goal of p. falciparum elimination, whereas the control of p. vivax lags m ... | 2016 | 27708187 |
| 'nature or nurture': survival rate, oviposition interval, and possible gonotrophic discordance among south east asian anophelines. | mosquito survival, oviposition interval and gonotrophic concordance are important determinants of vectorial capacity. these may vary between species or within a single species depending on the environment. they may be estimated by examination of the ovaries of host-seeking mosquitoes. | 2016 | 27405767 |
| overhead tank is the potential breeding habitat of anopheles stephensi in an urban transmission setting of chennai, india. | wells and overhead tanks (oht) are the major breeding sources of the local malaria vector, anopheles stephensi in the indian city of chennai; they play a significant role in vector breeding, and transmission of urban malaria. many other man-made breeding habitats, such as cemented cisterns/containers, barrels or drums, sumps or underground tanks, and plastic pots/containers are maintained to supplement water needs, temporarily resulting in enhanced mosquito/vector breeding. correlating breeding ... | 2016 | 27169513 |
| species composition and population dynamics of malaria vectors in three previously ignored aquatic systems in sri lanka. | in 2015 alone there were an estimated 214 million new cases of malaria across the globe and 438,000 deaths were reported. although indigenous malaria has not been reported in sri lanka since 2012, to date 247 imported cases of malaria have been identified. knowledge of the locations, behaviour and vectorial capacity of potential malarial vectors is therefore needed to prevent future outbreaks. attention is now being focused on some previously ignored habitats. | 2016 | 27165184 |
| determination of the foraging behaviour and blood meal source of malaria vector mosquitoes in trincomalee district of sri lanka using a multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction assay. | studies of host preference patterns in blood-feeding anopheline mosquitoes are crucial to incriminating malaria vectors. however, little information is available on host preferences of anopheles mosquitoes in sri lanka. | 2016 | 27118141 |
| change of strategy is required for malaria elimination: a case study in purworejo district, central java province, indonesia. | malaria has been targeted for elimination from indonesia by 2030, with varying timelines for specific geographical areas based on disease endemicity. the regional deadline for malaria elimination for java island, given the steady decrease of malaria cases, was the end of 2015. purworejo district, a malaria-endemic area in java with an annual parasite incidence (api) of 0.05 per 1,000 population in 2009, aims to enter this elimination stage. this study documents factors that affect incidence and ... | 2015 | 26275822 |
| past and new challenges for malaria control and elimination: the role of operational research for innovation in designing interventions. | this meeting report presents the outcomes of a workshop held in bangkok on december 1st 2014, where the following challenges were discussed: the threat of resistance to artemisinin and artemisinin-based combination therapy in the greater mekong sub-region (gms) and in africa; access to treatment for most at risk and hard to reach population; insecticide resistance, residual and outdoors transmission. the role of operational research and the interactions between research institutions, national ma ... | 2015 | 26185098 |
| evidence-based malaria control in timor leste from 2006 to 2012. | malaria has been a major public health problem in the newly established democratic republic of timor leste with over 200,000 cases being reported in 2006 and 2007. the national malaria control programme (nmcp) was established in 2003. the progress made in malaria control in timor leste is reported. | 2015 | 25890294 |
| entomological investigations on malaria vectors in some war-torn areas in the trincomalee district of sri lanka after settlement of 30-year civil disturbance. | background. malaria was an endemic problem in trincomalee district, eastern province of sri lanka. very few recent data concerning anopheles are available which transmit malaria. therefore, the aim of this study is to identify various anopheles species and the dynamics of anophelines including malaria vectors in trincomalee district for effective vector control under the current malaria elimination program embarked in the country. method. entomological surveys were conducted on a monthly basis, ... | 2015 | 25789195 |
| impact of a spatial repellent on malaria incidence in two villages in sumba, indonesia. | a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted to examine the effect of spatial repellent (sr) in households at risk of malaria in indonesia. following presumptive radical cure for malaria in 180 adult men representing sentinels of new infection in four clusters within two villages, all households were given either metofluthrin or placebo mosquito coils. weekly blood smear screening and human-landing mosquito catches were done throughout the 6 months intervention. malaria i ... | 2014 | 25311699 |
| early malaria resurgence in pre-elimination areas in kokap subdistrict, kulon progo, indonesia. | indonesia is among those countries committed to malaria eradication, with a continuously decreasing incidence of malaria. however, at district level the situation is different. this study presents a case of malaria resurgence kokap subdistrict of the kulon progo district in yogyakarta province, java after five years of low endemicity. this study also aims to describe the community perceptions and health services delivery situation that contribute to this case. | 2014 | 24684702 |
| outdoor malaria transmission in forested villages of cambodia. | despite progress in malaria control, malaria remains an important public health concern in cambodia, mostly linked to forested areas. large-scale vector control interventions in cambodia are based on the free distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), targeting indoor- and late-biting malaria vectors only. the present study evaluated the vector density, early biting activity and malaria transmission of outdoor-biting malaria vectors in two forested regions in cambodia. | 2013 | 24044424 |
| anopheles culicifacies breeding in polluted water bodies in trincomalee district of sri lanka. | anopheles culicifacies, the major vector of malaria in sri lanka, is known to breed in clean and clear water. the main objective of the study was to detect the breeding habitat diversity of an. culicifacies. | 2013 | 23958454 |
| existence of the rdl mutant alleles among the anopheles malaria vector in indonesia. | the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor-chloride channel complex is known to be the target site of dieldrin, a cyclodiene insecticide. gaba-receptors, with a naturally occurring amino acid substitution, a302s/g in the putative ion-channel lining region, confer resistance to cyclodiene insecticides that includes aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, heptachlor, endrin and endosulphan. | 2012 | 22364613 |
| relationships between anopheline mosquitoes and topography in west timor and java, indonesia. | malaria is a serious health issue in indonesia. mosquito control is one aspect of an integrated malaria management programme. to focus resources on priority areas, information is needed about the vectors and their habitats. this research aimed to identify the relationship between anopheline mosquitoes and topography in west timor and java. | 2010 | 20796265 |
| evaluation of insecticides susceptibility and malaria vector potential of anopheles annularis s.l. and anopheles vagus in assam, india. | during the recent past, development of ddt resistance and reduction to pyrethroid susceptibility among the malaria vectors has posed a serious challenge in many southeast asian countries including india. current study presents the insecticide susceptibility and knock-down data of field collected anopheles annularis sensu lato and an. vagus mosquito species from endemic areas of assam in northeast india. anopheles annularis s.l. and an. vagus adult females were collected from four randomly select ... | 2016 | 27010649 |
| molecular characterization and identification of members of the anopheles subpictus complex in sri lanka. | anopheles subpictus sensu lato is a major malaria vector in south and southeast asia. based initially on polytene chromosome inversion polymorphism, and subsequently on morphological characterization, four sibling species a-d were reported from india. the present study uses molecular methods to further characterize and identify sibling species in sri lanka. | 2013 | 24001126 |
| tackling the malaria problem in the south-east asia region: need for a change in policy? | malaria is largely neglected in the south-east asia region (sear), although it has the highest number of people susceptible to the disease. malaria in the sear exhibits special epidemiological characteristics such as "forest malaria" and malaria due to migration across international borders. the greater mekong subregion (gms) has been a focal-point for the emergence of drug resistant malaria. with the recent emergence of artemisinin resistance, coupled with the limited availability of insecticid ... | 0 | 23481050 |
| insecticide substitutes for ddt to control mosquitoes may be causes of several diseases. | malaria continues to be a public health problem in bangladesh, despite efforts in the 1960s to eradicate the vectors through the use of ddt. at one point, eradication of malaria was acclaimed but later on it reappeared. the use of ddt is no more legally allowed in bangladesh, which has been officially replaced by a number organophosphates and/or synthetic pyrethroids and their combinations in addition to the integrated vector management (ivm) package. ivm being a community approach is still to g ... | 2012 | 22956113 |
| blood-feeding patterns of anopheles mosquitoes in a malaria-endemic area of bangladesh. | blood-feeding patterns of mosquitoes are crucial for incriminating malaria vectors. however, little information is available on the host preferences of anopheles mosquitoes in bangladesh. therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the hematophagic tendencies of the anophelines inhabiting a malaria-endemic area of bangladesh. | 2012 | 22336191 |
| the role of age, ethnicity and environmental factors in modulating malaria risk in rajasthali, bangladesh. | malaria is endemic in the rajasthali region of the chittagong hill tracts in bangladesh and the rajasthali region is the most endemic area of bangladesh. quantifying the role of environmental and socio-economic factors in the local spatial patterns of malaria endemicity can contribute to successful malaria control and elimination. this study aimed to investigate the role of environmental factors on malaria risk in rajasthali and to quantify the geographical clustering in malaria risk unaccounted ... | 2011 | 22171950 |
| the insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors in the mekong region. | knowledge on insecticide resistance in target species is a basic requirement to guide insecticide use in malaria control programmes. malaria transmission in the mekong region is mainly concentrated in forested areas along the country borders, so that decisions on insecticide use should ideally be made at regional level. consequently, cross-country monitoring of insecticide resistance is indispensable to acquire comparable baseline data on insecticide resistance. | 2008 | 18534006 |
| spatio-temporal patterns of malaria infection in bhutan: a country embarking on malaria elimination. | at the verge of elimination of malaria in bhutan, this study was carried out to analyse the trend of malaria in the endemic districts of bhutan and to identify malaria clusters at the sub-districts. the findings would aid in implementing the control activities. poisson regression was performed to study the trend of malaria incidences at district level from 1994 to 2008. spatial empirical bayesian smoothing was deployed to identify clusters of malaria at the sub-district level from 2004 to 2008. | 2011 | 21496285 |
| molecular biology of insect sodium channels and pyrethroid resistance. | voltage-gated sodium channels are essential for the initiation and propagation of the action potential in neurons and other excitable cells. because of their critical roles in electrical signaling, sodium channels are targets of a variety of naturally occurring and synthetic neurotoxins, including several classes of insecticides. this review is intended to provide an update on the molecular biology of insect sodium channels and the molecular mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. although mammalian ... | 2014 | 24704279 |
| diversity and convergence of sodium channel mutations involved in resistance to pyrethroids. | pyrethroid insecticides target voltage-gated sodium channels, which are critical for electrical signaling in the nervous system. the intensive use of pyrethroids in controlling arthropod pests and disease vectors has led to many instances of pyrethroid resistance around the globe. in the past two decades, studies have identified a large number of sodium channel mutations that are associated with resistance to pyrethroids. the purpose of this review is to summarize both common and unique sodium c ... | 0 | 24019556 |
| knockdown resistance (kdr)-like mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel of a malaria vector anopheles stephensi and pcr assays for their detection. | knockdown resistance (kdr) in insects, resulting from mutation(s) in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene is one of the mechanisms of resistance against ddt and pyrethroid-group of insecticides. the most common mutation(s) associated with knockdown resistance in insects, including anophelines, has been reported to be present at residue leu1014 in the iis6 transmembrane segment of the vgsc gene. this study reports the presence of two alternative kdr-like mutations, l1014s and l1014f, at t ... | 2011 | 21401946 |
| genetic evidence for malaria vectors of the anopheles sundaicus complex in sri lanka with morphological characteristics attributed to anopheles subpictus species b. | anopheles subpictus sensu lato, a widespread malaria vector in asia, is reportedly composed of four sibling species a - d. mosquitoes morphologically identified as belonging to the subpictus complex were collected from different locations near the east coast of sri lanka, and specific ribosomal dna sequences determined to validate their taxonomic status. | 2010 | 21114832 |
| g6pd deficiency and antimalarial efficacy for uncomplicated malaria in bangladesh: a prospective observational study. | the bangladeshi national treatment guidelines for uncomplicated malaria follow who recommendations but without g6pd testing prior to primaquine administration. a prospective observational study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the current antimalarial policy. | 2016 | 27128675 |
| distance to anopheles sundaicus larval habitats dominant among risk factors for parasitemia in meso-endemic southwest sumba, indonesia. | the decline in intensity of malaria transmission in many areas now emphasizes greater importance of understanding the epidemiology of low to moderate transmission settings. marked heterogeneity in infection risk within these populations creates opportunities to understand transmission and guide resource allocation to greater impact. | 2014 | 25495283 |
| seasonal abundance of anopheles mosquitoes and their association with meteorological factors and malaria incidence in bangladesh. | the relationship between climatic factors and mosquito abundance is very important to determine parasite activity levels and, therefore, disease risk. therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the seasonal abundance of anophelines and their association with meteorological variables and disease transmission in two malaria endemic areas of bangladesh. | 2014 | 25233890 |
| insecticide resistance of anopheles sinensis and an. vagus in hainan island, a malaria-endemic area of china. | malaria is one of the most important public health problems in southeast asia, including hainan island, china. vector control is the main malaria control measure, and insecticide resistance is a major concern for the effectiveness of chemical insecticide control programs. the objective of this study is to determine the resistance status of the main malaria vector species to pyrethroids and other insecticides recommended by the world health organization (who) for indoor residual sprays. | 2014 | 24589247 |
| glacial history of a modern invader: phylogeography and species distribution modelling of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus. | the tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, is one of the 100 most invasive species in the world and a vector of human diseases. in the last 30 years, it has spread from its native range in east asia to africa, europe, and the americas. although this modern invasion has been the focus of many studies, the history of the species' native populations remains poorly understood. here, we aimed to assess the role of pleistocene climatic changes in shaping the current distribution of the species in its nativ ... | 2012 | 22970238 |
| knockdown resistance in anopheles vagus, an. sinensis, an. paraliae and an. peditaeniatus populations of the mekong region. | in the mekong region (vietnam, cambodia and laos), a large investigation was conducted to assess the susceptibility of anopheles species against ddt and pyrethroids. in this study, the resistance status of the potential malaria vectors an. vagus, an. sinensis, an. paraliae and an. peditaeniatus was assessed. | 2010 | 20646327 |
| [isolation and identification of the akabane virus from mosquitoes in yunnan province, china]. | to evaluate the prevalence of mosquito-borne viruses in manshi and ruili (yunnan province, china), we collected 2 149 mosquitoes (17 species) in august 2010. virus isolation was undertaken by the cul- ture of baby hamster kidney cells (bhk-21 cells). two virus-like isolates were obtained: dhl10m117 was isolated from collected in mangshi; dhl10m110 was obtained from anopheles vagus collected in rui- li. both isolates caused cytopathic effects,illness and death in suckling mice inoculated with the ... | 2015 | 25997331 |
| [investigation on mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses in dehong prefecture, yunnan province, 2007 and 2010]. | to investigate the distribution patterns of mosquito and mosquito-borne viruses in dehong prefecture, yunnan province, china. | 2014 | 25059361 |
| false positivity of circumsporozoite protein (csp)-elisa in zoophilic anophelines in bangladesh. | circumsporozoite protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (csp-elisas) are widely used for malaria vector identification throughout the world. however, several studies have reported false-positive results when using this method. the present study was conducted to estimate the frequency of false positives among anopheline species in malaria endemic areas of bangladesh. in total, 4724 anopheles females belonging to 25 species were collected and tested for plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax- ... | 2013 | 23085098 |
| evaluation of larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts against three mosquito vectors. | to evaluate the mosquito larvicidal activity of plant extracts. | 2011 | 21771411 |
| species composition and habitat characterization of mosquito (diptera: culicidae) larvae in semi-urban areas of dhaka, bangladesh. | mosquito larvae are purely aquatic and develop in water bodies, the type of which is more or less specific to each species. therefore, a study was carried out to identify the habitat characters of different mosquito species along with their species composition in semi-urban area of dhaka in bangladesh during the month of may and june 2012. a total of 6088 mosquito larvae belonging to 12 species (aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, anopheles barbirostris, anopheles peditaeniatus, anopheles vagus, cu ... | 2016 | 27241953 |
| screening of ten plant species for metaphase chromosome preparation in adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) using an inoculation technique. | the screening of 10 plant species (aloe barbadensis mill., asparagus officinalis l., as. plumosus bak., as. racemosus willd., as. sprengeri regel, codyline fruticosa goppert, dracaena loureiri gagnep., gloriosa superba l., hemerocallis flava l., and sansevieria cylindrica bojer) for colchicine-like substance(s) using a mosquito cytogenetic assay revealed that a 1% solution of dried gl. superba rhizome extracted in 0.85% sodium chloride solution could be used instead of a 1% colchicine in hanks' ... | 1999 | 10593098 |
| seasonal abundance and distribution of anopheles larvae in a riparian malaria endemic area of western thailand. | three taxonomic groups of anopheles larvae were morphologically identified within the funestus group (minimus subgroup and aconitus subgroup) (75.63%), maculatus group (20.47%), and barbirostris group (0.57%) during a two-year period in conjunction with active malaria transmission in a village near the thai-myanmar border in kanchanaburi province, western thailand. the remaining 3.33% of anophelines collected were anopheles culicifacies (3.07%), anopheles philippinensis (0.17%), and anopheles va ... | 2012 | 23077839 |