| immunocytochemical localization of an insulin-like substance in the synganglion of the tick ornithodoros parkeri (acari: argasidae). | immunocytochemical staining based on the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method has shown that some neurosecretory cells (nsc) in the synganglion of the adult female tick ornithodoros parkeri react with an antibody to bovine insulin. there are 18 regions of paraldehyde fuchsin-positive nsc of which three regions showed specific insulin-like immunoreactivity: anterolateral cheliceral, anteromedial stomodeal and posterior opisthosomal. immunoreactivity can also be found in the extracellular surface of t ... | 1991 | 1786746 |
| some observations on ornithodoros parkeri from monterey county and its associated borrelia infection. | | 1965 | 5899729 |
| immunocytochemical mapping of fmrfamide-like peptides in the argasid tick ornithodoros parkeri and the ixodid tick dermacentor variabilis. | fmrfamide-like immunoreactivity was studied in the argasid tick ornithodoros parkeri and the ixodid tick dermacentor variabilis using immunocytochemistry based on the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. fmrfamide-like immunoreactive cells are widely distributed in various regions of the tick synganglion including protocerebral, cheliceral, stomodeal, palpal, pedal i-iv, and opisthosomal regions in both species. however, there is one layer of immunoreactive cells located on the dorsal surface of th ... | 1995 | 7621708 |
| evolution of repellent tolerances in representative arthropods. | eight commercial insect repellents were tested against ornithodoros parkeri (acari: argasidae), dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae), aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), and xenopsylla cheopis (siphonaptera: pulicidae). patterns of tolerance to the test materials were distinctive for each test species. levels of tolerance were coded as character state 0 (sensitive), 1 (intermediate), or 2 (tolerant) and mapped on a cladogram reflecting the accepted classification of the test species. charact ... | 1997 | 9474558 |
| cloning and molecular characterization of a multicopy, linear plasmid-carried, repeat motif-containing gene from borrelia turicatae, a causative agent of relapsing fever. | borrelia turicatae is one of several spirochete species that can cause relapsing fever. here, we describe the identification and characterization of a gene from b. turicatae and other relapsing-fever spirochetes that exhibits homology with the rep+ and orf-e gene families of the lyme disease spirochetes. this gene, which we have designated repa, encodes a putative protein of 30.2 kda with an isoelectric point of 4.69. the central region of repa harbors a series of amino acid repeat motifs which ... | 1998 | 9733706 |
| tick-borne relapsing fever in british columbia, canada: first isolation of borrelia hermsii. | the spirochete that causes tick-borne relapsing fever, borrelia hermsii, was isolated in pure culture during 1995 and 1996 from three acutely ill human patients infected in southern british columbia, canada. the geographic area of exposure is a known focus of this disease dating back to 1930 when the first case was recognized in a human. analyses of plasmid dna, protein profiles, and reactivity with a species-specific monoclonal antibody identified the new isolates of spirochetes as b. hermsii, ... | 1998 | 9817862 |
| serodiagnosis of louse-borne relapsing fever with glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpq) from borrelia recurrentis. | human louse-borne relapsing fever occurs in sporadic outbreaks in central and eastern africa that are characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. isolates of the causative agent, borrelia recurrentis, were obtained from the blood of four patients during a recent epidemic of the disease in southern sudan. the glpq gene, encoding glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase, from these isolates was sequenced and compared with the glpq sequences obtained from other relapsing-fever spirochetes. ... | 2000 | 11015364 |
| specificities and sensitivities of four monoclonal antibodies for typing of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates. | borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme borreliosis, is genetically more heterogeneous than previously thought. in europe five genospecies have been described from the original b. burgdorferi sensu lato (sl): b. burgdorferi sensu stricto (ss), b. garinii, b. afzelii, b. lusitaniae, and b. valaisiana. in the united states, b. burgdorferi ss as well as b. bissettii in california and b. andersonii on the east coast were differentiated. in asia, b. japonica has been identified along, with b. garinii ... | 2001 | 11238225 |
| equine abortion associated with the borrelia parkeri-b. turicatae tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete group. | direct amplification and sequencing of the 16s rrna gene and a variable region of the flagellin gene from fetal liver-associated spirochetes belonging to the borrelia parkeri-b. turicatae tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete group with a late-term abortion in a mare are described. | 2002 | 11923397 |
| glycerol-3-phosphate acquisition in spirochetes: distribution and biological activity of glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpq) among borrelia species. | relapsing-fever spirochetes achieve high cell densities (>10(8)/ml) in their host's blood, while lyme disease spirochetes do not (<10(5)/ml). this striking contrast in pathogenicity of these two groups of bacteria suggests a fundamental difference in their ability to either exploit or survive in blood. borrelia hermsii, a tick-borne relapsing-fever spirochete, contains orthologs to glpq and glpt, genes that encode glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpq) and glycerol-3-phosphate transporte ... | 2003 | 12562805 |
| pcr-reverse line blot typing method underscores the genomic heterogeneity of borrelia valaisiana species and suggests its potential involvement in lyme disease. | detection of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex in biological samples is currently done by conventional immunological and molecular biological methods. to improve on the accuracy of these methods and to simplify the procedure for testing large numbers of samples, a solid-phase sandwich hybridization system readily applicable to the detection of pcr products has been designed. this colorimetric detection system relies on the use of polybiotinylated detection probes and of specific captur ... | 2003 | 12904377 |
| analysis of the ability of spirochete species associated with relapsing fever, avian borreliosis, and epizootic bovine abortion to bind factor h and cleave c3b. | some borrelia species associated with lyme disease bind the complement-regulatory protein factor h (fh), a process that may aid in immune evasion. in this report we demonstrate that some borrelia species associated with relapsing fever bind fh, but not those associated with avian borreliosis and epizootic bovine abortion. cell-bound fh was also found to mediate cleavage of exogenously supplied human c3b, demonstrating the biological relevance of fh binding and its possible importance in the path ... | 2003 | 12904415 |
| tick-borne relapsing fever caused by borrelia hermsii, montana. | five persons contracted tick-borne relapsing fever after staying in a cabin in western montana. borrelia hermsii was isolated from the blood of two patients, and ornithodoros hermsi ticks were collected from the cabin, the first demonstration of this bacterium and tick in montana. relapsing fever should be considered when patients who reside or have vacationed in western montana exhibit a recurring febrile illness. | 2003 | 14519254 |
| isolation and characterization of borrelia hermsii associated with two foci of tick-borne relapsing fever in california. | relapsing fever, caused by the spirochete borrelia hermsii and transmitted by the soft tick ornithodoros hermsi, is endemic in many rural mountainous areas of california. between 1996 and 1998, 12 cases of relapsing fever associated with two exposure sites in northern california were investigated. follow-up at exposure sites included collection of soft ticks and serum specimens from sylvatic rodents. attempts to cultivate spirochetes were made through inoculation of patient blood into mice and b ... | 2004 | 15004063 |
| experimental transmission of karshi and langat (tick-borne encephalitis virus complex) viruses by ornithodoros ticks (acari: argasidae). | selected species of mosquitoes and ornithodoros ticks were evaluated for their potential to transmit karshi and langat (tick-borne encephalitis virus complex) viruses in the laboratory. although there was no evidence of replication of karshi virus in either of the two mosquito species tested [ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (wiedemann) or culex pipiens (l.)], karshi virus replicated in and was transmitted by all three species of ornithodoros ticks tested (ornithodoros parkeri cooley, ornithodoros so ... | 2004 | 15535630 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the spirochetes borrelia parkeri and borrelia turicatae and the potential for tick-borne relapsing fever in florida. | isolates of borrelia turicatae, borrelia parkeri, and the florida canine borrelia (fcb) were examined to further phylogenetically characterize the identities of these spirochetes in the united states. dna sequences of four chromosomal loci (the 16s rrna gene, flab, gyrb, and glpq) were determined for eight isolates of b. turicatae and six isolates of b. parkeri, which grouped the spirochetes into two distinct but closely related taxa (>98% sequence identity) separate from borrelia hermsii. the f ... | 2005 | 16081922 |
| variable tick protein in two genomic groups of the relapsing fever spirochete borrelia hermsii in western north america. | borrelia hermsii is the primary cause of tick-borne relapsing fever in north america. when its tick vector, ornithodoros hermsi, acquires these spirochetes from the blood of an infected mammal, the bacteria switch their outer surface from one of many bloodstream variable major proteins (vmps) to a unique protein, vtp (vsp33). vtp may be critical for successful tick transmission of b. hermsii; however, the gene encoding this protein has been described previously in only one isolate. here we ident ... | 2005 | 16177341 |
| tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: emerging diseases challenging old concepts. | during most of the 20th century, the epidemiology of tick-borne rickettsioses could be summarized as the occurrence of a single pathogenic rickettsia on each continent. an element of this paradigm suggested that the many other characterized and noncharacterized rickettsiae isolated from ticks were not pathogenic to humans. in this context, it was considered that relatively few tick-borne rickettsiae caused human disease. this concept was modified extensively from 1984 through 2005 by the identif ... | 2005 | 16223955 |
| an insight into the sialome of the soft tick, ornithodorus parkeri. | while hard ticks (ixodidae) take several days to feed on their hosts, soft ticks (argasidae) feed faster, usually taking less than 1h per meal. saliva assists in the feeding process by providing a cocktail of anti-hemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodullatory compounds. saliva of hard ticks has been shown to contain several families of genes each having multiple members, while those of soft ticks are relatively unexplored. analysis of the salivary transcriptome of the soft tick ornithodoru ... | 2008 | 18070662 |
| ornithine decarboxylase antizyme finder (oaf): fast and reliable detection of antizymes with frameshifts in mrnas. | ornithine decarboxylase antizymes are proteins which negatively regulate cellular polyamine levels via their affects on polyamine synthesis and cellular uptake. in virtually all organisms from yeast to mammals, antizymes are encoded by two partially overlapping open reading frames (orfs). a +1 frameshift between frames is required for the synthesis of antizyme. ribosomes change translation phase at the end of the first orf in response to stimulatory signals embedded in mrna. since standard seque ... | 2008 | 18384676 |
| a novel clade of cysteinyl leukotriene scavengers in soft ticks. | inflammation is an important vertebrate defense mechanism against ecto-parasites for which ticks have evolved numerous mechanisms of modulation. am-33 and tsgp4, related lipocalins from the soft ticks argas monolakensis and ornithodoros savignyi bind cysteinyl leukotrienes with high affinity as measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. this was confirmed in a smooth muscle bioassay that measured contraction of guinea pig ileum induced by leukotriene c4 where both proteins inhibited contracti ... | 2008 | 18675910 |
| function, mechanism and evolution of the moubatin-clade of soft tick lipocalins. | the "moubatin-clade" of soft tick lipocalins, although monophyletic, shows clear signs of paralogy as indicated by the various functions associated with this protein family. this includes anti-platelet (moubatin), anti-complement (omci) and toxic (tsgp2) activities in the vertebrate host. in order to understand the evolution of function and how it relates to the various paralogs in this clade, we characterized a number of different proteins in regard to undefined function and mechanism. by utili ... | 2008 | 18694828 |
| an insight into the salivary transcriptome and proteome of the soft tick and vector of epizootic bovine abortion, ornithodoros coriaceus. | the salivary glands of blood-sucking arthropods contain a redundant 'magic potion' that counteracts their vertebrate host's hemostasis, inflammation, and immunity. we here describe the salivary transcriptome and proteomics (sialome) of the soft tick ornithodoros coriaceus. the resulting analysis helps to consolidate the classification of common proteins found in both soft and hard ticks, such as the lipocalins, kunitz, cystatin, basic tail, hebraein, defensin, til domain, metalloprotease, 5'-nuc ... | 2008 | 18725333 |
| tick-borne relapsing fever. | each year, many residents of and visitors to endemic regions of the western united states are exposed to the tick vectors of tick-borne relapsing fever (tbrf), ornithodoros hermsi, ornithodoros turicata, or ornithodoros parkeri. this disease is remarkable because the human host is unaware of the tick bite, usually becomes very ill, may experience an exacerbation of symptoms rather than improvement shortly after beginning appropriate treatment, and, despite often high numbers of the etiologic org ... | 2008 | 18755384 |
| exploring the mialome of ticks: an annotated catalogue of midgut transcripts from the hard tick, dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae). | ticks are obligate blood feeders. the midgut is the first major region of the body where blood and microbes ingested with the blood meal come in contact with the tick's internal tissues. little is known about protein expression in the digestive tract of ticks. in this study, for analysis of global gene expression during tick attachment and feeding, we generated and sequenced 1,679 random transcripts (ests) from cdna libraries from the midguts of female ticks at varying stages of feeding. | 2008 | 19021911 |
| identification of a complex peptidergic neuroendocrine network in the hard tick, rhipicephalus appendiculatus. | neuropeptides are crucial regulators of development and various physiological functions but little is known about their identity, expression and function in vectors of pathogens causing serious diseases, such as ticks. therefore, we have used antibodies against multiple insect and crustacean neuropeptides to reveal the presence of these bioactive molecules in peptidergic neurons and cells of the ixodid tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus. these antibodies have detected 15 different immunoreactive ... | 2009 | 19082627 |
| a novel surface antigen of relapsing fever spirochetes can discriminate between relapsing fever and lyme borreliosis. | in a previous immunoproteome analysis of borrelia hermsii, candidate antigens that bound igm antibodies from mice and patients infected with relapsing fever spirochetes were identified. one candidate that was identified is a hypothetical protein with a molecular mass of 57 kda that we have designated borrelia immunogenic protein a (bipa). this protein was further investigated as a potential diagnostic antigen for b. hermsii given that it is absent from the borrelia burgdorferi genome. the bipa l ... | 2010 | 20147497 |
| An insight into the sialotranscriptome and proteome of the coarse bontlegged tick, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes. | Ticks are mites specialized in acquiring blood from vertebrates as their sole source of food and are important disease vectors to humans and animals. Among the specializations required for this peculiar diet, ticks evolved a sophisticated salivary potion that can disarm their host's hemostasis, inflammation, and immune reactions. Previous transcriptome analysis of tick salivary proteins has revealed many new protein families indicative of fast evolution, possibly due to host immune pressure. The ... | 2011 | 21851864 |
| First transcriptome of the testis-vas deferens-male accessory gland and proteome of the spermatophore from Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae). | Ticks are important vectors of numerous human diseases and animal diseases. Feeding stimulates spermatogenesis, mating and insemination of male factors that trigger female reproduction. The physiology of male reproduction and its regulation of female development are essentially a black box. Several transcriptomes have catalogued expression of tick genes in the salivary glands, synganglion and midgut but no comprehensive investigation has addressed male reproduction and mating. Consequently, a ne ... | 2011 | 21949745 |
| evolution, expansion and expression of the kunitz/bpti gene family associated with long-term blood feeding in ixodes scapularis. | abstract: background: recent studies of the tick saliva transcriptome have revealed the profound role of salivary proteins in blood feeding. kunitz/bpti proteins are abundant in the salivary glands of ticks and perform multiple functions in blood feeding, such as inhibiting blood coagulation, regulating host blood supply and disrupting host angiogenesis. however, kunitz/bpti proteins in soft and hard ticks have different functions and molecular mechanisms. how these differences emerged and whet ... | 2012 | 22244187 |
| laboratory evaluation of commercial and experimental repellents against ornithodoros parkeri (acari: argasidae). | | 2013 | 3701798 |
| the role of saliva in tick feeding. | when attempting to feed on their hosts, ticks face the problem of host hemostasis (the vertebrate mechanisms that prevent blood loss), inflammation (that can produce itching or pain and thus initiate defensive behavior on their hosts) and adaptive immunity (by way of both cellular and humoral responses). against these barriers, ticks evolved a complex and sophisticated pharmacological armamentarium, consisting of bioactive lipids and proteins, to assist blood feeding. recent progress in transcri ... | 2009 | 19273185 |
| bioinformatics and expression analyses of the ixodes scapularis tick cystatin family. | the cystatins are inhibitors of papain- and legumain-like cysteine proteinases, classified in merops subfamilies i25a-i25c. this study shows that 84 % (42/50) of tick cystatins are putatively extracellular in subfamily i25b and the rest are putatively intracellular in subfamily i25a. on the neighbor joining phylogeny guide tree, subfamily i25a members cluster together, while subfamily i25b cystatins segregate among prostriata or metastriata ticks. two ixodes scapularis cystatins, aay66864 and is ... | 2012 | 23053911 |
| the ovarian transcriptome of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, feeding upon a bovine host infected with babesia bovis. | cattle babesiosis is a tick-borne disease of cattle with the most severe form of the disease caused by the apicomplexan, babesia bovis. babesiosis is transmitted to cattle through the bite of infected cattle ticks of the genus rhipicephalus. the most prevalent species is rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, which is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. the transmission of b. bovis is transovarian and a previous study of the r. microplus ovarian proteome ide ... | 2013 | 24330595 |
| receptors for the neuropeptides, myoinhibitory peptide and sifamide, in control of the salivary glands of the blacklegged tick ixodes scapularis. | tick salivary glands are important organs that enable the hematophagous feeding of the tick. we previously described the innervation of the salivary gland acini types ii and iii by a pair of protocerebral salivary gland neurons that produce both myoinhibitory peptide (mip) and sifamide (šimo et al., 2009b). in this study we identified authentic receptors expressed in the salivary glands for these neuropeptides. homology-based searches for these receptors in the ixodes scapularis genome sequence ... | 2013 | 23357681 |
| a 24-48 h fed amblyomma americanum tick saliva immuno-proteome. | multiple tick saliva proteins, the majority of which are unknown, confer tick resistance in repeatedly infested animals. the objective of this study was to identify the 24-48 h fed amblyomma americanum tick saliva immuno-proteome. the 24-48 h tick-feeding phase is critical to tick parasitism as it precedes important events in tick biology, blood meal feeding and disease agent transmission. fed male, 24 and 96 h fed female phage display cdna expression libraries were biopanned using rabbit antibo ... | 2014 | 24962723 |
| laboratory identification of arthropod ectoparasites. | the collection, handling, identification, and reporting of ectoparasitic arthropods in clinical and reference diagnostic laboratories are discussed in this review. included are data on ticks, mites, lice, fleas, myiasis-causing flies, and bed bugs. the public health importance of these organisms is briefly discussed. the focus is on the morphological identification and proper handling and reporting of cases involving arthropod ectoparasites, particularly those encountered in the united states. o ... | 2014 | 24396136 |
| experimental transmission of karshi (mammalian tick-borne flavivirus group) virus by ornithodoros ticks >2,900 days after initial virus exposure supports the role of soft ticks as a long-term maintenance mechanism for certain flaviviruses. | members of the mammalian tick-borne flavivirus group, including tick-borne encephalitis virus, are responsible for at least 10,000 clinical cases of tick-borne encephalitis each year. to attempt to explain the long-term maintenance of members of this group, we followed ornithodoros parkeri, o. sonrai, and o. tartakovskyi for >2,900 days after they had been exposed to karshi virus, a member of the mammalian tick-borne flavivirus group. | 2015 | 26285211 |
| case report: a retrospective serological analysis indicating human exposure to tick-borne relapsing fever spirochetes in texas. | | 2015 | 25856342 |
| identification of 24h ixodes scapularis immunogenic tick saliva proteins. | ixodes scapularis is arguably the most medically important tick species in the united states. this tick transmits 5 of the 14 human tick-borne disease (tbd) agents in the usa: borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, b. miyamotoi, babesia microti, and powassan virus disease. except for the powassan virus disease, i. scapularis-vectored tbd agents require more than 24h post attachment to be transmitted. this study describes identification of 24h immunogenic i. scapularis tick saliva prote ... | 2015 | 25825233 |
| host associations and genomic diversity of borrelia hermsii in an endemic focus of tick-borne relapsing fever in western north america. | an unrecognized focus of tick-borne relapsing fever caused by borrelia hermsii was identified in 2002 when five people became infected on wild horse island in flathead lake, montana. the terrestrial small mammal community on the island is composed primarily of pine squirrels (tamiasciurus hudsonicus) and deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), neither of which was known as a natural host for the spirochete. thus a 3-year study was performed to identify small mammals as hosts for b. hermsii. | 2016 | 27832805 |
| assessment of the geographic distribution of ornithodoros turicata (argasidae): climate variation and host diversity. | ornithodoros turicata is a veterinary and medically important argasid tick that is recognized as a vector of the relapsing fever spirochete borrelia turicatae and african swine fever virus. historic collections of o. turicata have been recorded from latin america to the southern united states. however, the geographic distribution of this vector is poorly understood in relation to environmental variables, their hosts, and consequently the pathogens they transmit. | 2016 | 26829327 |
| the salivary secretome of the biting midge, culicoides sonorensis. | culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are hematophagous insects with over 1400 species distributed throughout the world. many of these species are of particular agricultural importance as primary vectors of bluetongue and schmallenberg viruses, yet little is known about culicoides genomics and proteomics. detailed studies of members from other blood-feeding dipteran families, including those of mosquito (culicidae) and black fly (simuliidae), have shown that protein components with ... | 2014 | 24949243 |
| update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: a geographic approach. | tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus rickettsia. these zoonoses are among the oldest known vector-borne diseases. however, in the past 25 years, the scope and importance of the recognized tick-associated rickettsial pathogens have increased dramatically, making this complex of diseases an ideal paradigm for the understanding of emerging and reemerging infections. several species of tick-borne rickettsiae that wer ... | 0 | 24092850 |
| anopheles salivary gland proteomes from major malaria vectors. | antibody responses against anopheles salivary proteins can indicate individual exposure to bites of malaria vectors. the extent to which these salivary proteins are species-specific is not entirely resolved. thus, a better knowledge of the diversity among salivary protein repertoires from various malaria vector species is necessary to select relevant genus-, subgenus- and/or species-specific salivary antigens. such antigens could be used for quantitative (mosquito density) and qualitative (mosqu ... | 2012 | 23148599 |
| tick-box for 3'-end formation of mitochondrial transcripts in ixodida, basal chelicerates and drosophila. | according to the trna punctuation model, the mitochondrial genome (mtdna) of mammals and arthropods is transcribed as large polycistronic precursors that are maturated by endonucleolytic cleavage at trna borders and rna polyadenylation. starting from the newly sequenced mtdna of ixodes ricinus and using a combination of mitogenomics and transcriptional analyses, we found that in all currently-sequenced tick lineages (prostriata, metastriata and argasidae) the 3'-end of the polyadenylated nad1 an ... | 2012 | 23077630 |
| the sialotranscriptome of antricola delacruzi female ticks is compatible with non-hematophagous behavior and an alternative source of food. | the hosts for antricola delacruzi ticks are insectivorous, cave-dwelling bats on which only larvae are found. the mouthparts of nymphal and adult a. delacruzi are compatible with scavenging feeding because the hypostome is small and toothless. how a single blood meal of a larva provides energy for several molts as well as for oviposition by females is not known. adults of a. delacruzi possibly feed upon an unknown food source in bat guano, a substrate on which nymphal and adult stages are always ... | 2012 | 22306723 |
| spatial analysis of biomineralization associated gene expression from the mantle organ of the pearl oyster pinctada maxima. | biomineralization is a process encompassing all mineral containing tissues produced within an organism. one of the most dynamic examples of this process is the formation of the mollusk shell, comprising a variety of crystal phases and microstructures. the organic component incorporated within the shell is said to dictate this architecture. however general understanding of how this process is achieved remains ambiguous. the mantle is a conserved organ involved in shell formation throughout mollus ... | 2011 | 21936921 |
| discovering genes associated with dormancy in the monogonont rotifer brachionus plicatilis. | microscopic monogonont rotifers, including the euryhaline species brachionus plicatilis, are typically found in water bodies where environmental factors restrict population growth to short periods lasting days or months. the survival of the population is ensured via the production of resting eggs that show a remarkable tolerance to unfavorable conditions and remain viable for decades. the aim of this study was to generate expressed sequence tags (ests) for molecular characterisation of processes ... | 2009 | 19284654 |
| epidermis as the source of ecdysone in an argasid tick. | various tissues excised from nymphs of the tick ornithodoros parkeri at the time of epicuticle deposition were incubated in vitro. the medium from the incubation of salivary glands, coxal glands, synganglion, testis, midgut, and fat body associated with tracheal trunk showed little or no ecdysteroid immunoreactivity. only medium from incubated integument contained ecdysteroids. the following evidence indicated that epidermal cells are the source of ecdysone: (i) when dorsal and/or ventral integu ... | 0 | 2023925 |
| genome sequence of borrelia parkeri, an agent of enzootic relapsing fever in western north america. | borrelia parkeri is a relapsing fever agent that rarely causes human infection, unlike other north american species. b. parkeri strain hr1 was isolated from ornithodoros parkeri ticks. the sequences of its linear chromosome and large plasmid were determined by next-generation sequencing. these confirmed its closer relatedness to borrelia turicatae than to borrelia hermsii. | 2014 | 24526628 |
| molecular cloning of a small heat shock protein (shspii) from the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus salivary gland. | immunoscreening of a cdna expression library of the rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus tick with purified rabbit anti-r annulatus salivary glands antigens polyclonal antibodies led to the identification of a 661bp sequence. the sequence includes an open reading frame of 543bp encoding a protein of 180 amino acids with calculated molecular weight of 20.51kda, isoelectric point of 9.071 and with no signal sequence. comparison of the deduced amino acids with protein data bank showed that the ident ... | 2010 | 20723560 |
| structure and mode of action of microplusin, a copper ii-chelating antimicrobial peptide from the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | microplusin, a rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus antimicrobial peptide (amp) is the first fully characterized member of a new family of cysteine-rich amps with histidine-rich regions at the n and c termini. in the tick, microplusin belongs to the arsenal of innate defense molecules active against bacteria and fungi. here we describe the nmr solution structure of microplusin and demonstrate that the protein binds copper ii and iron ii. structured as a single alpha-helical globular domain, micro ... | 2009 | 19828445 |
| structure, function, and evolution of biogenic amine-binding proteins in soft ticks. | two highly abundant lipocalins, monomine and monotonin, have been isolated from the salivary gland of the soft tick argas monolakensis and shown to bind histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), respectively. the crystal structures of monomine and a paralog of monotonin were determined in the presence of ligands to compare the determinants of ligand binding. both the structures and binding measurements indicate that the proteins have a single binding site rather than the two sites previously des ... | 2008 | 18445596 |
| absence of insect juvenile hormones in the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (say) (acari:ixodidae), and in ornithodoros parkeri cooley (acari:argasidae). | synganglia, salivary gland, midgut, ovary, fat body and muscle alone and in combination from the ixodid tick, dermacentor variabilis (say), or the argasid tick, ornithodoros parkeri cooley, were incubated in vitro in separate experiments with l-[methyl-(3)h]methionine and farnesoic acid or with [1-(14)c]acetate. life stages examined in d. variabilis were 3 and 72 h old (after ecdysis) unfed nymphs, partially fed nymphs (18 and 72 h after attachment to the host), fully engorged nymphs (2 d after ... | 2000 | 12770212 |
| tissue distribution and characterization of predominant hemolymph carrier proteins from dermacentor variabilis and ornithodoros parkeri. | the tissue distribution of the predominant hemolymph protein found throughout tick development was examined in the hard tick, dermacentor variabilis, and in the soft tick, ornithodoros parkeri. in d. variabilis, the predominant (purified) hemolymph protein was a lipoglycoheme-carrier protein (dvcp) with a molecular weight of 200k. a protein with a similar mobility on native-page was found in fat body, salivary gland, muscle and ovary from partially fed females which was most abundant in the plas ... | 2002 | 12770115 |
| hemolymph proteins in ticks. | in comparison to insects and crustacea, our knowledge of the predominant hemolymph proteins in ticks is minimal. the hemolymph protein most studied in ticks has been vitellogenin (vg). vg is synthesized by the tick fat body after female adults obtain a blood meal, is released into the hemolymph and is absorbed by developing oocytes as vitellin (vn). much of what we know about vg is from studies of vn. in general, the carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid composition is similar to insects except tha ... | 2002 | 12770100 |
| isolation and characterization of borrelia parkeri in ornithodoros parkeri (ixodida: argasidae) collected in colorado. | this study describes the identification of borrelia parkeri spirochetes in colorado. two isolates of b. parkeri (6230 and 6232) were recovered from ornithodoros parkeri cooley ticks collected at an inactive prairie dog town in moffat county. both isolates were partially characterized by sequencing and subsequent parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses of appropriate regions of the 16s ribosomal rna, flagellin and p66 genes. analyses of the 16s gene sequences from the colorado isolates indicated ... | 2001 | 11580039 |
| developmental profile, isolation, and biochemical characterization of a novel lipoglycoheme-carrier protein from the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) and observations on a similar protein in the soft tick, ornithodoros parkeri (acari: argasidae). | a novel lipoglycoheme-carrier protein (cp) in the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (say) has been purified and characterized. cp was purified by native-page from partially fed virgin females. cp has a density of 1.25 g/ml with a molecular weight of 200 k by native-page and 340 k by gel filtration chromatography. cp is comprised of two majour subunits, 98 k and 92 k in molecular weight by sds-page. separate amino acid composition of the two subunits indicated high contents of as(x), gl(x ... | 2001 | 11222939 |
| experimental infection with western equine encephalomyelitis virus in wild rodents indigenous to kern county, california. | six species of rodents from kern county, california, were inoculated subcutaneously with western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus to determine their susceptibility to infection and their potential as natural hosts. ammospermophilus nelsoni, citellus beecheyi, dipodomys heermanni, dipodomys nitratoides, peromyscus maniculatus, and sciurus griseus were readily infected. infection was usually fatal in dipodomys species, c. beecheyi, and s. griseus, but was clinically inapparent in other species ... | 1974 | 4426699 |
| cutaneous and systemic cellular responses induced by the feeding of the argasid tick ornithodoros parkeri. | | 1985 | 4093235 |
| xenopsylla cheopis: cellular expression of hypersensitivity in guinea pigs. | guinea pigs multiply exposed to xenopsylla cheopis adult fleas exhibited marked blood basophil responses to challenge infestation with only minor changes in blood eosinophil levels. dermal responses to flea feeding were marked by dominant neutrophil (52% of the infiltrate) and eosinophil (32%) accumulations 24 hr after primary feeding, with a weak basophil response (11%). however, after challenge feeding 14 days later, eosinophils dominated, representing 59% of the infiltrate with basophils comp ... | 1985 | 3967727 |
| ectoparasites of sympatric cottontails (sylvilagus audubonii nelson) and jack rabbits (lepus californicus mearns) from the high plains of eastern new mexico. | eight species of ectoparasites were recovered from 35 sylvilagus audubonii and 35 lepus californicus occurring sympatrically near the clovis-portales area of eastern new mexico. recovered were anoplura (haemodipsus setoni), diptera (cuterebra lepusculi and cuterebra ruficrus), siphonaptera (echidnophaga gallinacea and euhoplopsyllus glacialis), and acari (ornithodoros parkeri, dermacentor parumapertus, and haemaphysalis leporispalustris). jaccard's index showed a 50% ectoparasitic overlap with h ... | 1988 | 3418460 |
| susceptibility of ornithodoros parkeri (cooley) (acari: argasidae) and dermanyssus gallinae (degeer) (acari: dermanyssidae) to ivermectin. | ivermectin was injected into hosts and evaluated for effectiveness against the argasid tick ornithodoros parkeri (cooley) and the chicken mite dermanyssus gallinae (degeer). o. parkeri second stage nymphs (n2s) showed a marked increase in mortality when fed on mice injected intraperitoneally with ivermectin at a dose between 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg host body weight. for adult o. parkeri and d. gallinae, 0.4 and 0.5 mg, respectively, per kilogram of host body weight were necessary for an increase in mo ... | 1989 | 2724309 |
| nosema parkeri sp. n., a microsporidan from the argasid tick, ornithodoros parkeri cooley. | nosema parkeri sp. n. is described from nymphs and adults of the argasid tick, ornithodoros parkeri cooley, from a laboratory colony. schizogonic and sporogonic stages are described from various tick tissues. spores are binucleate, measuring 3.2 (3-4) x 1.9 (1.8-2.5) micronm. transmission is transovarial and transstadial. the parasite does not appear to affect adversely the development or reproduction of the tick. dermacentor andersoni stiles was experimentally infected. attempts to infect swiss ... | 1977 | 405484 |
| [not available]. | | 1947 | 20268970 |
| juvenile hormone: evidence of its role in the reproduction of ticks. | ovarian dlevelopmnent, vitellogenesis, andt etnbrvogenesis in recently matedlce fiemnales of tlhe sofi tick ornithodoros parkeri coolev were prevented by topical application of the insect antiallatotropin precocene 2. thce blockage was relieved by topical application of jtivenile hormonoe. cancellation of the anti-juvenile hormnone jjects of precocene 2 and the reestablishment of oogenesis (and oviposition in one specimen) bv a naturally occurring insect juvenile hormone argues strongly for a ph ... | 1979 | 17733685 |
| effects of temperature and tick weight on expression of autogeny in the argasid tick ornithodoros parkeri cooley (acari: argasidae). | the effects of different temperatures on the expression of autogenic development in unfed/mated ornithodoros parkeri cooley females were examined. high temperature (29 c) induced autogeny in lower, middle and higher weight classes (11-20, 21-30, 31-40 mg, respectively) with all females in the highest weight class and most in the middle weight class ovipositing within 51 days post-mate. at a lower temperature (21 c) autogenic development was not expressed by higher and middle weight females, wher ... | 1984 | 6470890 |
| induction of egg maturation and oviposition in the tick ornithodoros parkeri (acari: argasidae). | hemocoelic injection and vaginal insertion of selected male reproductive and non-reproductive tissue homogenates into fed-virgin female ornithodoros parkeri stimulated varying degrees of ovum maturation and/or oviposition during 14 and 30 day observation periods, respectively. mean times for oviposition and mean numbers of eggs laid per ovipositing female receiving hemocoelic injections of male reproductive tissue homogenates did not differ significantly from fed-mated controls. in addition, hem ... | 1984 | 6491842 |
| induction of apolysis and cuticle formation in female ornithodoros parkeri (acari: argasidae) by hemocoelic injections of beta-ecdysone. | | 1984 | 6502617 |
| the relationship between weights of nymphal stages and subsequent development of ornithodoros parkeri (acari: argasidae). | | 1986 | 3735336 |
| distribution and pharmacokinetics of precocene-ii in the tick ornithodoros parkeri (acari: argasidae). | injected [3h]precocene-ii spread from the hemocoel of ornithodoros parkeri (cooley) ticks to gut, salivary glands, synganglion, ovary, and the remainder of the body (carcass). analyses at 2, 24, and 48 h after injection of precocene revealed that radioactivity remained at low levels in the synganglia and ovaries of fed-mated and fed-virgin females. radioactivity increased gradually during 48 h after injection in salivary glands of fed-mated and fed-virgin ticks. it also increased gradually in th ... | 1989 | 2724319 |
| role of synganglion in oogenesis of the tick ornithodoros parkeri (acari: argasidae). | the role of the synganglion in oocyte development in ornithodoros parkeri was investigated by ligation and transplantation experiments. ligation between legs 2 and 3 to isolate the synganglion from the ovary and ligation between legs 1 and 2 to keep both the synganglion and the ovary in the posterior ends were performed on mated females on different days after feeding. results show that vitellogenesis was inhibited significantly if the synganglion was separated from the ovary within the first fe ... | 1992 | 1738076 |
| correlation between ecdysteroids and cuticulogenesis in nymphs of the tick ornithodoros parkeri (acari: argasidae). | ecdysteroids and cuticulogenesis were studied in third-instar nymphs of the tick ornithodoros parkeri cooley. ecdysteroid titer increases slightly during the postfeeding intermolt period, which correlates with the deposition of additional procuticle lamellae. the titer increases at the time of apolysis, peaks at the time of epicuticle deposition, and then drops to a low but detectable level from the time of procuticle deposition until after ecdysis. ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone are the two ma ... | 1994 | 8057324 |