| isolation and analysis of a novel inducible pectate lyase gene from the phytopathogenic fungus fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (nectria haematococca, mating population vi). | a pectate lyase produced by fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (nectria haematococca, mating population vi) was previously shown to be essential for host infection (m. s. crawford and p. e. kolattukudy, arch. biochem. biophys. 258:196-205, 1987). pectate lyase genes have not been cloned from any phytopathogenic fungi. a gene, designated pela, encoding an inducible pectate lyase was isolated from f. solani f. sp. pisi. a probe was synthesized by polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers bas ... | 1992 | 1400187 |
| naphthoquinone pigments related to fusarubin from the fungus fusarium solani (mart.) sacc. | a review is presented on the naphthoquinone pigments produced by the filamentous fungus fusarium solani (mart.) sacc., and related species. after description of the naphthoquinone structures and biogenesis, the physiological and genetical controls of pigment production are discussed. the biological properties of the main naphthoquinone pigments so far investigated are described. many problems still remain to be resolved in these fields, where nectria haematococca (berk. and br.) wr., the sexual ... | 1990 | 2233399 |
| isolation of a phytoalexin-detoxification gene from the plant pathogenic fungus nectria haematococca by detecting its expression in aspergillus nidulans. | detoxification of the pea phytoalexin pisatin via demethylation, mediated by a cytochrome p-450 monooxygenase, is thought to be important for pathogenicity of the fungus nectria haematococca on pea. to isolate a fungal gene encoding pisatin demethylating activity (pda), we transformed aspergillus nidulans with a genomic library of n. haematococca dna constructed in a cosmid which carried the a. nidulans trpc gene. transformants were selected for trp+ and then screened for pda. one transformant a ... | 1988 | 3065148 |
| isolation of dna from filamentous fungi and separation into nuclear, mitochondrial, ribosomal, and plasmid components. | a general procedure for purifying and efficiently separating four types of dna from filamentous fungi has been developed. the protocol involves (i) disruption of mycelial cells by blending in liquid nitrogen followed by suspension of cell contents in buffer containing high concentrations of protease and edta; (ii) deproteinization with phenol; (iii) cesium chloride/bisbenzimide density gradient centrifugation to separate nuclear dna, mitochondrial dna, and ribosomal dna; and (iv) agarose gel ele ... | 1983 | 6318603 |
| cloning of a new pectate lyase gene pelc from fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (nectria haematococca, mating type vi) and characterization of the gene product expressed in pichia pastoris. | antibodies prepared against a pectate lyase (pla) produced by a phytopathogenic fungus fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (nectria haematococca, mating type vi) were previously found to protect the host against infection. the cdna and gene (pela) for pla were cloned and sequenced. a new pectate lyase gene, pelc, was isolated from a genomic library of f. solani pisi with pela cdna as a probe. a 1.3-kb dna fragment containing the pelc gene and its flanking regions was identified and sequenced. the coding ... | 1995 | 7487098 |
| the fusarium solani gene encoding kievitone hydratase, a secreted enzyme that catalyzes detoxification of a bean phytoalexin. | among the antimicrobial phytoalexins produced by phaseolus vulgaris (french bean) is the prenylated isoflavonoid, kievitone. the bean pathogen, fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, secretes a glycoenzyme, kievitone hydratase (ec 4.2.1.95), which catalyzes conversion of kievitone to a less toxic metabolite. among f. solani strains, those that are highly virulent to p. vulgaris also produce kievitone hydratase constitutively, suggesting that the enzyme is a virulence factor. based on the n-terminal am ... | 1995 | 7655061 |
| cloning and expression of cdna encoding a protein that binds a palindromic promoter element essential for induction of fungal cutinase by plant cutin. | previous studies showed that a palindromic sequence located at -159 base pairs is essential for induction of cutinase gene in fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (nectria haematococca mating type vi) by the hydroxy fatty acids from plant cutin and that a 50-kda nuclear protein binds to a promoter that contains this element. screening of a phage lambda gt11 expression library with the concatenated palindromic sequence as the probe identified a cdna encoding a palindrome-binding protein (pbp). nucleotide ... | 1995 | 7744822 |
| characterization of the pda1 promoter of nectria haematococca and identification of a region that binds a pisatin-responsive dna binding factor. | isolates of nectria haematococca (anamorph: fusarium solani) are able to detoxify the pea phytoalexin pisatin through expression of pisatin demethylase (pda). this enzyme is a substrate-inducible cytochrome p450 monooxyenase that is encoded by the pda gene family. in the current study, pda1, a highly inducible pda gene, was cloned and the 5' untranslated region was sequenced. the pda mrna levels were measured in pisatin-treated mycelium and found to increase by 20-fold over untreated control. ge ... | 1994 | 8012044 |
| cutinase gene disruption in fusarium solani f sp pisi decreases its virulence on pea. | fusarium solani f sp pisi (nectria haematococca) isolate 77-2-3 with one cutinase gene produced 10 to 20% of the cutinase produced by isolate t-8 that has multiple cutinase genes, whereas cutinase gene-disrupted mutant 77-102 of isolate 77-2-3 did not produce cutinase. on the surface of pea stem segments, lesion formation was most frequent and most severe with t-8, less frequent and less severe with 77-2-3, and much less frequent and much milder with the gene-disrupted mutant. microscopic examin ... | 1994 | 8069105 |
| pcr-based construction of promoter/g-free templates for in vitro transcription analysis allows selection of plasmids with optimal activity in homologous extracts. | in vitro transcription has been used for dissecting transcriptional controls in many eukaryotic systems. one modification which greatly reduces background non-specific transcription is the placement of a guanosine-free (g-free) region of dna immediately downstream from a promoter [sawadogo and roeder, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 82 (1985) 4394-4398]; transcription in the presence of rnase t1 and 3' o-me-gtp eliminates non-specific transcripts, and produces the g-free transcripts initiated at the ... | 1994 | 8076823 |
| identification of elements in the pda1 promoter of nectria haematococca necessary for a high level of transcription in vitro. | expression of the pda1 gene in the ascomycete nectria haematococca mpvi (anamorph: fusarium solani) is induced by exposure of mycelium to pisatin, an isoflavonoid phytoalexin produced by its host plant, garden pea. the pda1 gene encodes a cytochrome p-450 monooxygenase which detoxifies pisatin. regulatory elements controlling transcription from the pda1 promoter were identified using a homologous nectria in vitro transcription system through analysis of 5' deletions, specific oligonucleotide com ... | 1996 | 8569685 |
| analysis of determinants of binding and transcriptional activation of the pisatin-responsive dna binding factor of nectria haematococca. | pisatin is a fungistatic isoflavonoid produced by garden pea. field isolates of the ascomycete nectria haematococca mating population vi (anamorph: fusarium solani) that are highly virulent on pea have been found to possess the pda1 gene encoding a pisatin detoxifying activity. expression of pda1 is specifically and highly induced by exposure of mycelia to pisatin. a pisatin-responsive dna-binding activity has previously been identified with properties suggestive of a transcriptional regulator o ... | 1996 | 8850087 |
| adaptation of proteases and carbohydrates of saprophytic, phytopathogenic and entomopathogenic fungi to the requirements of their ecological niches. | the abilities of isolates of saprophytes (neurospora crassa, aspergillus nidulans), an opportunistic human pathogen (aspergillus fumigatus), an opportunistic insect pathogen (aspergillus flavus), plant pathogens (verticillium albo-atrum, verticillium dahliae, nectria haematococca), a mushroom pathogen (verticillium fungicola) and entomopathogens (verticillium lecanii, beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae) to utilize plant cell walls and insect cuticle components in different nutrient media ... | 1997 | 9202474 |
| isolation of the cdnas encoding (+)6a-hydroxymaackiain 3-o-methyltransferase, the terminal step for the synthesis of the phytoalexin pisatin in pisum sativum. | pisatin is the major phytoalexin produced by pea upon microbial infection. the enzyme that catalyzes the terminal step in the pisatin biosynthetic pathway is (+)6a-hydroxymaackiain 3-o-methyltransferase (hmm). we report here the isolation and characterization of two hmm cdna clones (phmm1 and phmm2) made from rna obtained from nectria haematococca-infected pea tissue. the two clones were confirmed to encode hmm activity by heterologous expression in escherichia coli. the substrate specificity of ... | 1997 | 9349277 |
| biochemical properties of the products of cytochrome p450 genes (pda) encoding pisatin demethylase activity in nectria haematococca | pea plants produce the antibiotic (+)pisatin in response to infection by the fungus nectria haematococca, which can detoxify pisatin utilizing a cytochrome p450 monooxygenase called pisatin demethylase. genes (pda) have been identified that encode different whole-cell pda phenotypes that can be distinguished by the length of the lag period and the resulting amount of enzyme activity produced: pdash = short lag, high activity; pdasm = short lag, moderate activity; and pdall = long lag, low activi ... | 1998 | 9683653 |
| the pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato hrpw protein has domains similar to harpins and pectate lyases and can elicit the plant hypersensitive response and bind to pectate. | the host-specific plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae elicits the hypersensitive response (hr) in nonhost plants and secretes the hrpz harpin in culture via the hrp (type iii) secretion system. previous genetic evidence suggested the existence of another harpin gene in the p. syringae genome. hrpw was found in a region adjacent to the hrp cluster in p. syringae pv. tomato dc3000. hrpw encodes a 42. 9-kda protein with domains resembling harpins and pectate lyases (pels), respectively. hrpw has ke ... | 1998 | 9748456 |
| microbial populations, ammonification and nitrification in soil treated with urea and inorganic salts. | soil fertilization with urea at rates of 0.2 and 0.5 mg n/g soil was toxic for total counts of bacteria and fungi except with cellulolytic fungi where growth was promoted by addition of urea after 90-d incubation. also, the population numbers of both bacteria and fungi were significantly decreased when soil was amended with cacl2 and k2so4 applied at two levels (50 and 100 mumol/g soil). some alleviation of the toxic effect of either urea or the inorganic salts was observed when they were applie ... | 1999 | 10588055 |
| induction of cutinolytic esterase activity during saprophytic growth of cucurbit pathogens, fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae races one and two (nectria haematococca mpi and mpv, respectively). | cutins from fruit of cucurbita maxima and cucurbita moschata cultivars, apple and a c(16) alcohol (hexadecanol) were used to induce cutinolytic esterase activity during saprophytic growth of strains of the two cucurbit pathogens, fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae, race 1 (nectria haematococca mating population (mpi) and f. solani f. sp. cucurbitae, race 2 (mpv). four strains of mpv and 11 strains of mpi were were included in the study. although we were primarily interested in the two cucurbit pa ... | 2001 | 11164297 |
| genes determining pathogenicity to pea are clustered on a supernumerary chromosome in the fungal plant pathogen nectria haematococca. | three genes that contribute to the ability of the fungus nectria haematococca to cause disease on pea plants have been identified. these pea pathogenicity (pep) genes are within 25 kb of each other and are located on a supernumerary chromosome. altogether, the pep gene cluster contains six transcriptional units that are expressed during infection of pea tissue. the biochemical function of only one of the genes is known with certainty. this gene, pda1, encodes a specific cytochrome p450 that conf ... | 2001 | 11208022 |
| regulation of constitutively expressed and induced cutinase genes by different zinc finger transcription factors in fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (nectria haematococca). | cutin monomers, generated by the low levels of constitutively expressed cutinase, induce high levels of cutinase that can help pathogenic fungi to penetrate into the host through the cuticle whose major structural polymer is cutin. we cloned three highly homologous cutinase genes, cut1, cut2, and cut3, from fusarium solani f. pisi (nectria haematococca). amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of cut1 and cut2/3 matched with that of the peptides from cutinase 1 and cutinase 2, r ... | 2002 | 11756444 |
| host recognition by pathogenic fungi through plant flavonoids. | a common characteristic among fungal pathogens of plants is that each specializes on a narrow range of specific plants as hosts. one adaptation to a specific host plant is the recognition of the host's chemicals which can be used to trigger genes or developmental pathways needed for pathogenesis. the production of characteristic flavonoids by plants, particularly those exuded from roots by legumes, appear to be used as signals for various microbes, including symbionts as well as pathogens. nectr ... | 2002 | 12083470 |
| a binuclear zinc transcription factor binds the host isoflavonoid-responsive element in a fungal cytochrome p450 gene responsible for detoxification. | the pda1 gene of the filamentous fungus nectria haematococca mpvi (anamorph: fusarium solani) encodes pisatin demethylase, a cytochrome p450. pisatin is a fungistatic isoflavonoid produced by garden pea (pisum sativum), a host for this fungus. pisatin demethylase detoxifies pisatin and functions as a virulence factor for this fungus. pisatin induces pda1 expression both in cultured mycelia as well as during pathogenesis on pea. the regulatory element within pda1 that provides pisatin-responsive ... | 2003 | 12823815 |
| is nectria haematococca berk, and br. the perfect stage of fusarium oxysporum schl. forma pisi (lindf.) s. and h.? | | 1960 | 13851241 |
| altered susceptibility to infection by sinorhizobium meliloti and nectria haematococca in alfalfa roots with altered cell cycle. | most infections of plant roots are initiated in the region of elongation; the mechanism for this tissue-specific localization pattern is unknown. in alfalfa expressing psugt1 antisense mrna under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, the cell cycle in roots is completed in 48 h instead of 24 h, and border cell number is decreased by more than 99%. these plants were found to exhibit increased root-tip infection by a fungal pathogen and reduced nodule formation by a bact ... | 2004 | 15042410 |
| novel polyketide synthase from nectria haematococca. | we identified a polyketide synthase (pks) gene, pksn, from a strain of nectria haematococca by complementing a mutant unable to synthesize a red perithecial pigment. pksn encodes a 2,106-amino-acid polypeptide with conserved motifs characteristic of type i pks enzymatic domains: beta-ketoacyl synthase, acyltransferase, duplicated acyl carrier proteins, and thioesterase. the pksn product groups with the aspergillus nidulans wa-type pkss involved in conidial pigmentation and melanin, bikaverin, an ... | 2004 | 15128560 |
| introduction of plant and fungal genes into pea (pisum sativum l.) hairy roots reduces their ability to produce pisatin and affects their response to a fungal pathogen. | pisatin is an isoflavonoid phytoalexin synthesized by pea (pisum sativum l.). previous studies have identified two enzymes apparently involved in the synthesis of this phytoalexin, isoflavone reductase (ifr), which catalyzes an intermediate step in pisatin biosynthesis, and (+)6a-hydroxymaackiain 3-o-methyltransferase (hmm), an enzyme catalyzing the terminal step. to further evaluate the involvement of these enzymes in pisatin biosynthesis, sense- and antisense-oriented cdnas of ifr and hmm fuse ... | 2004 | 15242174 |
| genetic and biochemical characterization of nectria haematococca strains with adhesive and adhesion-reduced macroconidia. | a previous study reported the isolation of two mutants (le1 and le2) of the plant pathogenic fungus nectria haematococca (anamorph, fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae) with macroconidia with reduced ability to adhere (att) to zucchini fruits and polystyrene. the adhesion-reduced-phenotype in le1 and le2 macroconidia is temperature sensitive and dependent on the concentration of nutrients. classical genetic analysis of progeny derived from le1 identified a mutation in a genetic locus, named att1. ... | 1994 | 16349181 |
| one enzyme makes a fungal pathogen, but not a saprophyte, virulent on a new host plant. | certain genes of nectria haematococca, a fingal pathogen of pea (pisum sativum), encode pisatin demethylase (pda), a cytochrome p-450 monoxygenase that detoxifies the phytoalexin pisatin. because pda is required by n.haematococca for pathogenicity on pea, pisatin helps defend pea against n. haematococca. the possibility that pisatin is a general defense factormicrothat is, that pda can confer pathogenicity to fungi not normally pathogenic on peamicrowas investigated. genes encoding pda were tran ... | 1989 | 17839018 |
| lignin degradation in wood-feeding insects. | the aromatic polymer lignin protects plants from most forms of microbial attack. despite the fact that a significant fraction of all lignocellulose degraded passes through arthropod guts, the fate of lignin in these systems is not known. using tetramethylammonium hydroxide thermochemolysis, we show lignin degradation by two insect species, the asian longhorned beetle (anoplophora glabripennis) and the pacific dampwood termite (zootermopsis angusticollis). in both the beetle and termite, signific ... | 2008 | 18725643 |
| molecular assays reveal the presence and diversity of genes encoding pea footrot pathogenicity determinants in nectria haematococca and in agricultural soils. | the aim of this study was to develop molecular assays for investigating the presence and diversity of pathogenicity genes from the pea footrot pathogen nectria haematococca (anamorph fusarium solani f.sp. pisi) in soils. | 2009 | 19226389 |
| breeding for highly fertile isolates of nectria haematococca mpvi that are highly virulent on pea and in planta selection for virulent recombinants. | abstract the heterothallic ascomycete nectria haematococca mating population vi (anamorph fusarium solani) is a broad host range pathogen. field isolates of this fungus that are pathogenic on pea tend to be female sterile, of low fertility, and the same mating type (mat-1), whereas female fertile isolates of either mating type that are highly fertile tend to be nonpathogenic on this plant. to facilitate genetic analysis of traits that may be important in the ability of n. haematococca to parasit ... | 2001 | 18944283 |
| adhesion of macroconidia to the plant surface and virulence of nectria haematococca. | to study spore attachment of the cucurbit pathogen nectria haematococca (anamorph, fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae), mutants with adhesion-deficient macroconidia were isolated. the adhesion-deficient mutants were selected after treatment with n-methyl-n' -nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine followed by repeated enrichment for macroconidia which did not attach to polystyrene. two independently derived mutants produced macroconidia with an approximately 50% reduction in attachment to polystyrene and to zuc ... | 1990 | 16348379 |
| an abc transporter and a cytochrome p450 of nectria haematococca mpvi are virulence factors on pea and are the major tolerance mechanisms to the phytoalexin pisatin. | the fungal plant pathogen nectria haematococca mpvi produces a cytochrome p450 that is responsible for detoxifying the phytoalexin pisatin, produced as a defense mechanism by its host, garden pea. in this study, we demonstrate that this fungus also produces a specific atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter, nhabc1, that enhances its tolerance to pisatin. in addition, although both mechanisms individually contribute to the tolerance of pisatin and act as host-specific virulence factors, mutations ... | 2011 | 21077772 |
| bistability and hysteresis of the 'secteur' differentiation are controlled by a two-gene locus in nectria haematococca. | bistability and hysteresis are increasingly recognized as major properties of regulatory networks governing numerous biological phenomena, such as differentiation and cell cycle progression. the full scope of the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to bistability and hysteresis remains elusive. nectria haemaotcocca, a saprophytic or pathogenic fungus with sexual reproduction, exhibits a bistable morphological modification characterized by a reduced growth rate and an intense pigmentation. bi ... | 2004 | 15312233 |
| an analysis of the phylogenetic distribution of the pea pathogenicity genes of nectria haematococca mpvi supports the hypothesis of their origin by horizontal transfer and uncovers a potentially new pathogen of garden pea: neocosmospora boniensis. | the filamentous fungus nectria haematococca mating population vi (mpvi) contains a cluster of genes required to cause disease on pea. this cluster of pea pathogenicity genes (the pep cluster) is located on a supernumerary chromosome that is dispensable for normal growth in culture. the genes in the pep cluster have a different g+c content and codon usage compared with the genes located on the other chromosomes and a non-homogeneous distribution within the species. these features suggest that the ... | 2004 | 15118835 |
| physical mapping of plasmid and cosmid clones in filamentous fungi by fiber-fish. | fluorescence in situ hybridization to extended dna fibers (fiber-fish) serves as a powerful tool for direct physical mapping in plants and animals. here, we show that fiber-fish is useful for contig mapping as well as for estimating the physical distance between genetic markers in fungi. a five-cosmid contig from a chromosome of nectria haematococca and four cloned genetic markers from a linkage map of cochliobolus heterostrophus were chosen as models for the application of this technology. in n ... | 2002 | 12223186 |
| the genome sequence of the fungal pathogen fusarium virguliforme that causes sudden death syndrome in soybean. | fusarium virguliforme causes sudden death syndrome (sds) of soybean, a disease of serious concern throughout most of the soybean producing regions of the world. despite the global importance, little is known about the pathogenesis mechanisms of f. virguliforme. thus, we applied next-generation dna sequencing to reveal the draft f. virguliforme genome sequence and identified putative pathogenicity genes to facilitate discovering the mechanisms used by the pathogen to cause this disease. | 2014 | 24454689 |
| the supernumerary chromosome of nectria haematococca that carries pea-pathogenicity-related genes also carries a trait for pea rhizosphere competitiveness. | fungi are found in a wide range of environments, and the ecological and host diversity of the fungus nectria haematococca has been shown to be due in part to unique genes on different supernumerary chromosomes. these chromosomes have been called "conditionally dispensable" (cd) since they are not needed for axenic growth but are important for expanding the host range of individual isolates. from a biological perspective, the cd chromosomes can be compared to bacterial plasmids that carry unique ... | 2008 | 18408061 |
| tissue-specific localization of pea root infection by nectria haematococca. mechanisms and consequences. | root infection in susceptible host species is initiated predominantly in the zone of elongation, whereas the remainder of the root is resistant. nectria haematococca infection of pea (pisum sativum) was used as a model to explore possible mechanisms influencing the localization of root infection. the failure to infect the root tip was not due to a failure to induce spore germination at this site, suppression of pathogenicity genes in the fungus, or increased expression of plant defense genes. in ... | 2005 | 15778461 |
| electrophoretic karyotyping and gene mapping of seven formae speciales in fusarium solani. | chromosomal dnas of 22 strains in 7 formae speciales (f. spp.) of fusarium solani were compared by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and gene mapping on the chromosomes. using pfge, complete separation of the full components of the genome was not attained, due to the limited resolution of large chromosomes, but 5-12 chromosomes with sizes of 0.6-5.7 mbp were resolvable for every strain. although each strain had a unique banding profile, similarity in the banding profile was noticed among s ... | 2002 | 12172966 |
| mitosis and motor proteins in the filamentous ascomycete, nectria haematococca, and some related fungi. | among filamentous fungi, mitosis has been studied in-depth in just a few species. the mitotic apparatuses in the ascomycetous fusarium spp. are the most clearly and readily visualized in vivo within this group; fluorescent labeling is unnecessary. this superior cytological tractability has enabled detailed studies and revealing experiments that have led the way toward a more complete understanding of fungal mitosis. some of the most important discoveries include the role of half-spindles in deve ... | 2002 | 11804038 |
| functional expression and subcellular localization of the nectria haematococca mak1 phytoalexin detoxification enzyme in transgenic tobacco. | medicarpin and maackiain are antifungal pterocarpan phytoalexins produced by many legumes, and are thought to be important components of the defense response of these legumes to certain fungal pathogens. the mak1 gene from the fungal pathogen nectria haematococca encodes an fad-dependent mono-oxygenase, known to specifically hydroxylate the phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain, converting them to less fungitoxic derivatives. two binary vector constructs were made containing the coding regions f ... | 2001 | 11485199 |
| characterization of pisatin-inducible cytochrome p450s in fungal pathogens of pea that detoxify the pea phytoalexin pisatin. | many fungi that are pathogenic on pea have the ability to demethylate and thus detoxify the pea phytoalexin pisatin. this detoxification reaction has been studied most thoroughly in nectria haematococca mp vi where it functions as a virulence trait. the enzyme catalyzing this reaction [pisatin demethylase (pda)] is a cytochrome p450. in the current study, the induction of whole-cell pda activity and the biochemical properties of pda in microsomal preparations from the pea pathogens ascochyta pis ... | 2001 | 11407884 |
| cloning and expression analysis of nhl1, a gene encoding an extracellular lipase from the fungal pea pathogen nectria haematococca mp vi (fusarium solani f. sp. pisi) that is expressed in planta. | the filamentous fungus nectria haematococca (anamorph fusarium solani f. sp. pisi) resides in soil, and attacks pea seedlings in the area of the underground epicotyl and upper tap root, causing foot rot disease. we detected lipase activity during in vitro growth of n. haematococca. subsequently, a lipase gene was cloned and functionally characterised by heterologous expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae. the full-length cdna of 1152 bp was cloned using a 3' race-pcr approach coupled with cdna l ... | 2001 | 11361331 |
| a comparative study of nitrilases identified by genome mining. | escherichia coli strains expressing different nitrilases transformed nitriles or kcn. six nitrilases (from aspergillus niger (2), a. oryzae, neurospora crassa, arthroderma benhamiae, and nectria haematococca) were arylacetonitrilases, two enzymes (from a. niger and penicillium chrysogenum) were cyanide hydratases and the others (from p. chrysogenum, p. marneffei, gibberella moniliformis, meyerozyma guilliermondi, rhodococcus rhodochrous, and r. ruber) preferred (hetero)aromatic nitriles as subst ... | 2013 | 23475593 |
| analysis of the dynamics of fungal communities in soil via fungal-specific pcr of soil dna followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | a molecular method for profiling of fungal communities in soil was applied in experiments in soil microcosms, with two objectives, (1) to assess the persistence of two selected fungal species in soil, and (2) to analyze the response of the natural fungal community to a spill of sulphurous petrol in the same soil. to achieve the aims, two soil dna extraction methods, one originally designed for the direct extraction of bacterial community dna and the other one aimed to obtain fungal dna, were tes ... | 2000 | 11121612 |
| role of fungal dynein in hyphal growth, microtubule organization, spindle pole body motility and nuclear migration. | cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule-associated motor protein with several putative subcellular functions. sequencing of the gene (dhc1) for cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain of the filamentous ascomycete, nectria haematococca, revealed a 4,349-codon open reading frame (interrupted by two introns) with four highly conserved p-loop motifs, typical of cytoplasmic dynein heavy chains. the predicted amino acid sequence is 78.0% identical to the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain of neurospora crassa, 70.2% ... | 1998 | 9580563 |
| pectate lyase peli of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 belongs to a new family. | erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 secretes five major isoenzymes of pectate lyases encoded by the pel4, pelb, pelc, peld, and pele genes and a set of secondary pectate lyases, two of which, pell and pelz, have been already identified. we cloned the peli gene, encoding a ninth pectate lyase of e. chrysanthemi 3937. the peli reading frame is 1,035 bases long, corresponding to a protein of 344 amino acids including a typical amino-terminal signal sequence of 19 amino acids. the purified mature peli protein ... | 1997 | 9393696 |
| endophytic fungi from myrcia guianensis at the brazilian amazon: distribution and bioactivity. | beneficial interactions between plants and microorganisms have been investigated under different ecological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic aspects. however, the systematic exploration of biomolecules with potential for biotechnological products from this interaction still is relatively scarce. therefore, this study aimed the evaluation of the diversity and antimicrobial activity of the endophytic fungi obtained from roots, stems and leafs of myrcia guianensis (myrtaceae) from the brazi ... | 2014 | 24948926 |
| nht1, a transposable element cloned from a dispensable chromosome in nectria haematococca. | certain isolates of the plant-pathogenic fungus nectria haematococca mating population vi (mpvi) contain dispensable chromosomes that are unstable during sexual reproduction. several of these chromosomes carry genes for phytoalexin detoxification and thus contribute to the pathogenic potential of this organism. a repeated dna sequence, nht1, was cloned from one of these dispensable chromosomes in n. haematococca mpvi. one copy of the repeated element (nht1a) was completely sequenced. it is 2,198 ... | 1997 | 9245836 |
| identification of a novel peld gene expressed uniquely in planta by fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (nectria haematococca, mating type vi) and characterization of its protein product as an endo-pectate lyase. | antibodies prepared against a pectin-inducible pectate lyase (pla) produced by a phytopathogenic fungus fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (nectria haematococca, mating type vi) were previously found to protect the host from infection. the gene (pela) and two of its homologs were cloned and sequenced. here we report the isolation of a new pectate lyase gene, peld, from a genomic library of f. solani pisi. a 1.5-kb dna fragment containing peld and its flanking regions was sequenced. the nucleotide seque ... | 1996 | 8806739 |
| cloning of a novel constitutively expressed pectate lyase gene pelb from fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (nectria haematococca, mating type vi) and characterization of the gene product expressed in pichia pastoris. | since plant-pathogenic fungi must penetrate through pectinaceous layers of the host cell wall, pectin-degrading enzymes are thought to be important for pathogenesis. antibodies prepared against a pectin-inducible pectate lyase (pectate lyase a [pla]) produced by a phytopathogenic fungus, fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (nectria haematococca, mating type vi), was previously found to protect the host from infection. the gene (pela) and its cdna were cloned and sequenced. here we report the isolation o ... | 1995 | 8522511 |
| survey of mycoflora and mycotoxins in egyptian soybean seeds. | after four months in commercial storage, 100 soybean samples from different places of egyptian governorates were assayed for filamentous fungal growth at two incubation temperatures (28 and 45 degrees c). 73 species and 8 varieties belonging to 32 genera were isolated by the dilution plate method. at 28 degrees c, the common species were aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, a. niger and a. alutaceus, followed by a. terreus, penicillium chrysogenum, p. citrinum, mucor hiemalis, m. racemosus, emerice ... | 1993 | 8271157 |
| identification of regulatory elements in the cutinase promoter from fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (nectria haematococca). | the cutinase gene from fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (nectria haematococca) is induced upon contact with the plant cuticular polymer, cutin, by the unique hydroxy fatty acid monomers released by cutinase carried by virulent strains of the fungus, and this gene is also catabolite-repressed by glucose. functional elements of the cutinase promoter were studied in vivo by transforming f. solani pisi with fusions of 5'-flanking regions of the cutinase gene and the gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltr ... | 1994 | 8132657 |
| location of pathogenicity genes on dispensable chromosomes in nectria haematococca mpvi. | nectria haematococca mpvi can be found in many different biological habitats but has been most studied as a pathogen of pea (pisum sativum). genetic analyses of isolates obtained from a variety of biological sources has indicated that a number of genes control pathogenicity on pea but that one important pea pathogenicity (pep) gene is pda, which confers the ability to detoxify the pea phytoalexin pisatin. in these studies, all naturally occurring isolates that lacked pda (i.e. pda- isolates) and ... | 1994 | 7847894 |
| in vitro transcription from the nectria haematococca pda1 promoter in an homologous extract reflects in vivo pisatin-responsive regulation. | the pda1 gene of nectria haematococca mp vi (anamorph: fusarium solani) encodes pisatin demethylase. this enzyme detoxifies the isoflavanoid phytoalexin pisatin produced by the plant on which this fungus is pathogenic. expression of pisatin demethylase activity is induced in a mycelium by pretreatment with pisatin. we have developed homologous in vitro system which accurately initiates transcription from the pda1 promoter. transcription levels in vitro reflect the same pisatin-responsive stimula ... | 1994 | 7750146 |
| characterization of the termini of linear plasmids from nectria haematococca and their use in construction of an autonomously replicating transformation vector. | the mitochondria of isolate fs37 from nectria haematococca mating population i (fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae) contain two linear plasmids, pfsc1 and pfsc2, of 9.2 and 8.3 kbp, respectively. evidence for a protein blocking the 5' termini of these plasmids was obtained from exonuclease digestion experiments. a single protein band with an apparent mr of 80 k was labeled when the dna-protein complex of either plasmid was reacted with [125i] bolton-hunter reagent and then digested with dnase i. ... | 1989 | 2598274 |
| in vivo rearrangement of foreign dna by fusarium oxysporum produces linear self-replicating plasmids. | particular combinations of fungal strains and transformation vectors allow for fungal rearrangement of normally integrative plasmids, resulting in the creation of linear self-replicating plasmids in fusarium oxysporum. the rearrangement results in the addition of fungal dna, including telomere consensus sequences, to plasmid termini. the mechanism by which this rearrangement occurs is unclear, but it has similarities to extrachromosomal gene amplification. a dna fragment which allows for linear ... | 1990 | 2345140 |
| cutinase is not required for fungal pathogenicity on pea. | cutinase, a fungal extracellular esterase, has been proposed to be crucial in the early events of plant infection by many pathogenic fungi. to test the long-standing hypothesis that cutinase of nectria haematococca (fusarium solani f sp pisi) is essential to pathogenicity, we constructed cutinase-deficient mutants by transformation-mediated gene disruption of the single cutinase gene of a highly virulent n. haematococca strain. four independent mutants were obtained lacking a functional cutinase ... | 1992 | 1392588 |
| saprophytic and keratinophilic fungi isolated from desert and cultivated soils continuously exposed to cement dust particles in egypt. | forty soil samples collected from desert (uncultivated) and cultivated soils, exposed continuously to cement dust were screened for their content of saprophytic and keratinophilic fungi using the hair baiting technique and the dilution plate method. using the hair baiting technique, 21 genera and 31 species were collected from 20 samples of each of desert (15 genera and 21 species) and cultivated (17 genera and 24 species) soils, on sabouraud's dextrose agar. these included chrysosporium keratin ... | 1992 | 1325092 |
| genetic analysis of the role of phytoalexin detoxification in virulence of the fungus nectria haematococca on chickpea (cicer arietinum). | chickpea (cicer arietium l.) produces the antimicrobial compounds (phytoalexins) medicarpin and maackiain in response to infection by microorganisms. nectria haematococca mating population (mp) vi, a fungus pathogenic on chickpea, can metabolize maackiain and medicarpin to less toxic products. these reactions are thought to be detoxification mechanisms in n. haematococca mp vi and required for pathogenesis by this fungus on chickpea. in the present study, these hypotheses were tested by examinin ... | 1992 | 16348672 |
| three genes for metabolism of the phytoalexin maackiain in the plant pathogen nectria haematococca: meiotic instability and relationship to a new gene for pisatin demethylase. | some isolates of the plant-pathogenic fungus nectria haematococca mating population (mp) vi metabolize maackiain and medicarpin, two antimicrobial compounds (phytoalexins) synthesized by chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). the enzymatic modifications by the fungus convert the phytoalexins to less toxic derivatives, and this detoxification has been proposed to be important for pathogenesis on chickpea. in the present study, loci controlling maackiain metabolism (mak genes) were identified by crosses a ... | 1992 | 16348671 |
| the genome of nectria haematococca: contribution of supernumerary chromosomes to gene expansion. | the ascomycetous fungus nectria haematococca, (asexual name fusarium solani), is a member of a group of >50 species known as the "fusarium solani species complex". members of this complex have diverse biological properties including the ability to cause disease on >100 genera of plants and opportunistic infections in humans. the current research analyzed the most extensively studied member of this complex, n. haematococca mating population vi (mpvi). several genes controlling the ability of indi ... | 2009 | 19714214 |
| effect of biostimulation and bioaugmentation on degradation of polyurethane buried in soil. | this work investigated biostimulation and bioaugmentation as strategies for removing polyurethane (pu) waste in soil. soil microcosms were biostimulated with the pu dispersion agent "impranil" and/or yeast extract or were bioaugmented with pu-degrading fungi, and the degradation of subsequently buried pu was determined. fungal communities in the soil and colonizing buried pu were enumerated on solid media and were analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). biostimulation with ... | 2010 | 19948849 |
| new species from the fusarium solani species complex derived from perithecia and soil in the old world tropics. | abstract: a large collection of strains belonging to the fusarium solani species complex (fssc) was isolated from soil and perithecia in primary forests in sri lanka (from fallen tree bark) and tropical australia (queensland, from fallen tree fruits and nuts). portions of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene, the nuclear large subunit (nlsu), and internal transcribed spacer regions (its) of the nuclear ribosomal rna genes were sequenced in 52 isolates from soil and perithecia. t ... | 2011 | 21700636 |
| characterization of the gene encoding pisatin demethylase (fopda1) in fusarium oxysporum. | the pea pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi is able to detoxify pisatin produced as a defense response by pea, and the gene encoding this detoxification mechanism, fopda1, was 82% identical to the cytochrome p450 pisatin demethylase pda1 gene in nectria haematococca. a survey of f. oxysporum f. sp. pisi isolates demonstrated that, as in n. haematococca, the pda gene of f. oxysporum f. sp. pisi is generally located on a small chromosome. in n. haematococca, pda1 is in a cluster of pea pathoge ... | 2011 | 22066900 |
| the substrate specificity, enantioselectivity and structure of the (r)-selective amine : pyruvate transaminase from nectria haematococca. | during the last decade the use of transaminases for the production of pharmaceutical and fine chemical intermediates has attracted a great deal of attention. transaminases are versatile biocatalysts for the efficient production of amine intermediates and many have (s)-enantiospecificity. transaminases with (r)-specificity are needed to expand the applications of these enzymes in biocatalysis. in this work we have identified a fungal putative (r)-specific transaminase from the eurotiomycetes nect ... | 2014 | 24618038 |
| identification of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase responsible for biosynthesis of the potential anti-cancer drug sansalvamide in fusarium solani. | sansalvamide is a cyclic pentadepsipeptide produced by fusarium solani and has shown promising results as potential anti-cancer drug. the biosynthetic pathway has until now remained unidentified, but here we used an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) approach to generate knockout mutants of two candidate non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (nrps29 and nrps30). comparative studies of secondary metabolites in the two deletion mutants and wild type confirmed the absence of sansa ... | 2016 | 26936154 |
| ecological and physiological studies on soil fungi at western region, libya. | sixty three species and 5 varieties belonging to 30 fungal genera were collected from 75 soil samples. cultivated (29 genera and 58 species + 5 var.), desert (22 and 35 + 2 var.) and saline soil (21 and 41 + 1 var.) fungi were recovered on glucose-, cellulose- and 50% sucrose-czapek's agar at 28℃. the most common genera were alternaria, aspergillus, emericella, fusarium, mycosphaerella, nectria and penicillium. the most prevalent species from the three types of soils on the three types of media ... | 2008 | 23997599 |
| effect of some food preservatives on the lipolytic activity of beef luncheon fungi. | beef luncheon meat is one of the most popular meals in several countries in the world including egypt. thirty one fungal species and 3 species varieties were recovered from 30 samples of beef luncheon meat collected from different supermarkets in qena. alternaria, aspergillus, emericella, mucor, mycosphaerella, penicillium and rhizopus were the most common genera on the two types of media. from the above genera, the most prevalent species were alternaria alternate, aspergillus flavus, a. fumigat ... | 2008 | 23997619 |
| expression and properties of three novel fungal lipases/sterol esterases predicted in silico: comparison with other enzymes of the candida rugosa-like family. | lipases from the candida rugosa-like family are enzymes with great biotechnological interest. in a previous work, several enzymes from this family were identified by in silico mining of fungal genomes. here, we describe the cloning, expression, and characterization of putative lipases from the genomes of nectria haematococca, trichoderma reesei, and aspergillus niger and compared their catalytic properties with those of ope, a well-characterized sterol esterase/lipase from ophiostoma piceae. all ... | 2015 | 26272094 |
| exploring the potential of fungal arylacetonitrilases in mandelic acid synthesis. | the application of arylacetonitrilases from filamentous fungi to the hydrolysis of high concentrations of (r,s)-mandelonitrile (100-500 mm) was demonstrated for the first time. escherichia coli strains expressing the corresponding genes were used as whole-cell catalysts. nitrilases from aspergillus niger, neurospora crassa, nectria haematococca, and arthroderma benhamiae (enzymes nitan, nitnc, nitnh, and nitab, respectively) exhibited different degrees of enantio- and chemoselectivity (amide for ... | 2015 | 25652193 |
| molecular characterization of a penicillium chrysogenum exo-rhamnogalacturonan lyase that is structurally distinct from other polysaccharide lyase family proteins. | we previously described an endo-acting rhamnogalacturonan (rg) lyase, termed pcrgl4a, of penicillium chrysogenum 31b. here, we describe a second rg lyase, called pcrglx. we determined the cdna sequence of the pcrglx gene, which encodes pcrglx. based on analyses using a blast search and a conserved domain search, pcrglx was found to be structurally distinct from known rg lyases and might belong to a new polysaccharide lyase family together with uncharacterized fungal proteins of nectria haematoco ... | 2015 | 25921806 |
| a heptaketide naphthaldehyde produced by a polyketide synthase from nectria haematococca. | bostrycoidin and fusarubin are biologically active fungal polyketides produced by nectria haematococca. this azaanthraquinone and naphthoquinone are thought to be biosynthesized via formation of a c(14) heptaketide aldehyde as a common key intermediate. a blast search against the genome of n. haematococca revealed one candidate gene (nechadraft_101778, nhpks1), which encodes a multi-domain polyketide synthase (pks) with a thiol reductase (tr) domain that would facilitate the reductive release of ... | 2012 | 22633689 |
| role of sterol 3-ketoreductase sensitivity in susceptibility to the fungicide fenhexamid in botrytis cinerea and other phytopathogenic fungi. | the narrow-spectrum fungicide fenhexamid was introduced into french vineyards in 2000 to control grey mould caused by a complex of two cryptic species: botrytis cinerea, the predominant species sensitive to fenhexamid, and botrytis pseudocinerea, naturally resistant. fenhexamid was suggested to inhibit the 3-ketoreductase involved at c-4 demethylation steps during ergosterol biosynthesis, as revealed by its effects on the b. cinerea sterol profile. resistance monitoring studies have hitherto ide ... | 2013 | 23139232 |
| recombinant expression of a novel fungal immunomodulatory protein with human tumor cell antiproliferative activity from nectria haematococca. | to our best knowledge, all of the fungal immunomodulatory proteins (fips) have been successfully extracted and identified in basidomycetes, with only the exception of fip from ascomycete nectria haematococca (fip-nha) discovered through homology alignment most recently. in this work, a gene encoding fip-nha was synthesized and recombinantly expressed in an escherichia coli expression system. sds-page and maldi-ms analyses of recombinant fip-nha (rfip-nha) indicated that the gene was successfully ... | 2014 | 25272229 |
| origin of pisatin demethylase (pda) in the genus fusarium. | host specificity of plant pathogens can be dictated by genes that enable pathogens to circumvent host defenses. upon recognition of a pathogen, plants initiate defense responses that can include the production of antimicrobial compounds such as phytoalexins. the pea pathogen nectria haematococca mating population vi (mpvi) is a filamentous ascomycete that contains a cluster of genes known as the pea pathogenicity (pep) cluster in which the pisatin demethylase (pda) gene resides. the pda gene pro ... | 2012 | 22985693 |
| in silico analysis and prioritization of drug targets in fusarium solani. | mycotic keratitis has emerged as a major ophthalmic problem and a leading cause of blindness, since its recognition in 1879. filamentous fungi are major causative of mycotic keratitis. in india, the main etiological organism responsible for mycotic keratitis is aspergillus species followed by fusarium species. in south india, fusarium based keratitis scales up to 43%. nearly one-third of mycotic keratitis treatment results in failure, as fungal infections are highly resistant to antibiotic thera ... | 2015 | 25555413 |
| cytological karyotyping and characterization of a 410 kb minichromosome in nectria haematococca mpi. | karyotypes of the cucurbit pathogen nectria haematococca mpi (anamorph fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 1) was studied using the two standard strains atcc18098 and atcc18099. complete separation of all chromosomes was difficult with pulsed field gel electrophoresis due to both the large size and co-migration of chromosomes. in contrast, cytological karyotyping was done successfully with fluorescence microscopy combined with the germ tube burst method for sample preparation to visualize mit ... | 2012 | 22453120 |
| visualization of a conditionally dispensable chromosome in the filamentous ascomycete nectria haematococca by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | supernumerary chromosomes, termed "conditionally dispensable" (cd) chromosomes, are known in nectria haematococca. because these cd chromosomes had been revealed solely by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, their morphological properties were unknown. in this study, we visualized a 1.6-mb cd chromosome of this fungus by three different types of fluorescence in situ hybridization. the cd chromosome at mitotic metaphase was similar in its appearance to the other chromosomes in the genome. heterochr ... | 1999 | 10361031 |
| phylogenetic analysis of fusarium solani associated with the asian longhorned beetle, anoplophora glabripennis. | culture-independent analysis of the gut of a wood-boring insect, anoplophora glabripennis (coleoptera: cerambycidae), revealed a consistent association between members of the fungal fusarium solani species complex and the larval stage of both colony-derived and wild a. glabripennis populations. using the translation elongation factor 1-alpha region for culture-independent phylogenetic and operational taxonomic unit (otu)-based analyses, only two otus were detected, suggesting that genetic varian ... | 2012 | 26467954 |
| diversity of endophytic fungi from roots of panax ginseng and their saponin yield capacities. | endophytes of medicinal plants have the capacity to synthesis same or similar active substances with their hosts. to investigate the diversity and capacity to produce saponins of endophytic fungi of panax ginseng, thirty-eight strains of were isolated. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing were used to identify the isolates, and saponins concentrations in the cultures were measured. agar diffusion method was used to test antimicrobial activity. high-performance liquid chromatography (hp ... | 2013 | 23543782 |
| a bac based physical map and genome survey of the rice false smut fungus villosiclava virens. | rice false smut caused by villosiclava virens is a devastating fungal disease that spreads in major rice-growing regions throughout the world. however, the genomic information for this fungal pathogen is limited and the pathogenic mechanism of this disease is still not clear. to facilitate genetic, molecular and genomic studies of this fungal pathogen, we constructed the first bac-based physical map and performed the first genome survey for this species. | 2013 | 24341590 |
| nht2, a copia ltr retrotransposon from a conditionally dispensable chromosome in nectria haematococca. | in the plant pathogenic ascomycete nectria haematococca mating population (mp) vi, the conditionally dispensable chromosomes are unstable during sexual reproduction. during mapping of such a chromosome, three dispersed repeats were identified. nht2, one of these repeated elements, is a long terminal repeat (ltr) retrotransposon that is 5.9 kb in length. its deduced amino acid sequence is homologous to the four enzymatic domains characteristic of copia retrotransposons, but it contains multiple s ... | 2002 | 12073091 |
| genomic clustering and homology between het-s and the nwd2 stand protein in various fungal genomes. | prions are infectious proteins propagating as self-perpetuating amyloid polymers. the [het-s] prion of podospora anserina is involved in a cell death process associated with non-self recognition. the prion forming domain (pfd) of het-s adopts a β-solenoid amyloid structure characterized by the two fold repetition of an elementary triangular motif. [het-s] induces cell death when interacting with het-s, an allelic variant of het-s. when templated by [het-s], het-s undergoes a trans-conformation, ... | 2012 | 22493719 |
| modulating ca²⁺ signals: a common theme for tmem16, ist2, and tmc. | since the discovery of tmem16a (anoctamin 1, ano1) as ca(2+)-activated cl(-) channel, the protein was found to serve different physiological functions, depending on the type of tissue. subsequent reports on other members of the anoctamin family demonstrated a broad range of yet poorly understood properties. compromised anoctamin function is causing a wide range of diseases, such as hearing loss (ano2), bleeding disorder (ano6), ataxia and dystonia (ano3, 10), persistent borrelia and mycobacteria ... | 2016 | 26700940 |
| a gene for maackiain detoxification from a dispensable chromosome of nectria haematococca. | in nectria haematococca the mak1 gene product converts a chick-pea (cicer arietinum) phytoalexin, maackiain, into a less toxic compound. the presence of mak1 in this fungal pathogen is also correlated with high virulence on chick-pea. previous genetic analysis suggested that mak1 is located on a meiotically unstable, dispensable chromosome. the unstable nature of this chromosome facilitated mak1 cloning by allowing us to identify a subset of genomic cosmid clones likely to contain mak1. truncate ... | 1996 | 8709942 |
| interspecific interactions among tropical and subtropical freshwater fungi. | > abstract twenty-seven species of tropical and subtropical fungi isolated from freshwater were examined for evidence of interspecific interactions, which are important in determining the ecological roles of fungi. evidence for interspecific interactions was examined by inoculating paired fungi 25 mm apart on the surface of agar plates. the antagonistic activities were different among different isolates and even between isolates of the same species, for example, ophioceras dolichostomum isolated ... | 1999 | 10341055 |
| haematocin, a new antifungal diketopiperazine produced by nectria haematococca berk. et br. (880701a-1) causing nectria blight disease on ornamental plants. | a new antifungal diketopiperazine named haematocin was isolated from the culture broth of nectria haematococca berk. et br. (880701a-1) causing blight disease on ornamental plants, phalaenopsis spp. and doritanopsis spp. its structure was established by spectroscopic methods. haematocin inhibited the germ-tube elongation and spore-germination of pyricularia oryzae at the ed50 values of 30 microg/ml and 160 microg/ml, respectively. | 2000 | 10724007 |
| biochemical and functional characterization of recombinant fungal immunomodulatory proteins (rfips). | in this study, two novel fips have been identified and characterized. the first is fip-nha, identified in the ascomycete nectria haematococca, and as such, fip-nha would be the first fip to be identified outside the order of basidiomycota. the second is lz-9, an lz-8 like protein identified in ganoderma lucidum. recombinant fips (rfips) were produced in pichia pastoris and purified using his-affinity magnetic beads. the bioactive characteristics of fip-nha and lz-9 were compared to the well-know ... | 2013 | 23174509 |
| intermolecular interactions in the tmem16a dimer controlling channel activity. | tmem16a and tmem16b are plasma membrane proteins with ca(2+)-dependent cl(-) channel function. by replacing the carboxy-terminus of tmem16a with the equivalent region of tmem16b, we obtained channels with potentiation of channel activity. progressive shortening of the chimeric region restricted the "activating domain" to a short sequence close to the last transmembrane domain and led to tmem16a channels with high activity at very low intracellular ca(2+) concentrations. to elucidate the molecula ... | 2016 | 27929144 |
| atomistic insight into lipid translocation by a tmem16 scramblase. | the transmembrane protein 16 (tmem16) family of membrane proteins includes both lipid scramblases and ion channels involved in olfaction, nociception, and blood coagulation. the crystal structure of the fungal nectria haematococca tmem16 (nhtmem16) scramblase suggested a putative mechanism of lipid transport, whereby polar and charged lipid headgroups move through the low-dielectric environment of the membrane by traversing a hydrophilic groove on the membrane-spanning surface of the protein. he ... | 2016 | 27872308 |
| meiotic inheritance of a fungal supernumerary chromosome and its effect on sexual fertility in nectria haematococca. | pda1-conditionally dispensable chromosome (cdc) of nectria haematococca mp vi has long served as a model of supernumerary chromosomes in plant pathogenic fungi because of pathogenicity-related genes located on it. in our previous study, we showed the dosage effects of pda1-cdc on pathogenicity and homoserine utilization by exploiting tagged pda1-cdc with a marker gene. cdc content of mating partners and progenies analyzed by pcr, pfge combined with southern analysis and chromosome painting via f ... | 2015 | 26399187 |
| x-ray structure of a calcium-activated tmem16 lipid scramblase. | the tmem16 family of proteins, also known as anoctamins, features a remarkable functional diversity. this family contains the long sought-after ca(2+)-activated chloride channels as well as lipid scramblases and cation channels. here we present the crystal structure of a tmem16 family member from the fungus nectria haematococca that operates as a ca(2+)-activated lipid scramblase. each subunit of the homodimeric protein contains ten transmembrane helices and a hydrophilic membrane-traversing cav ... | 2014 | 25383531 |
| extracellular dna is required for root tip resistance to fungal infection. | plant defense involves a complex array of biochemical interactions, many of which occur in the extracellular environment. the apical 1- to 2-mm root tip housing apical and root cap meristems is resistant to infection by most pathogens, so growth and gravity sensing often proceed normally even when other sites on the root are invaded. the mechanism of this resistance is unknown but appears to involve a mucilaginous matrix or "slime" composed of proteins, polysaccharides, and detached living cells ... | 2009 | 19700564 |
| duplication of a conditionally dispensable chromosome carrying pea pathogenicity (pep) gene clusters in nectria haematococca. | a supernumerary chromosome called a conditionally dispensable chromosome (cdc) is essential for pathogenicity of nectria haematococca on pea. among several cdcs discovered in n. haematococca, the pda1 cdc that harbors the pisatin demethylation gene pda1 is one of the best-studied cdcs and serves as a model for plant-pathogenic fungi. although the presence of multiple copies is usual for supernumerary chromosomes in other eukaryotes, this possibility has not been examined well for any cdcs in n. ... | 2007 | 17990957 |
| extracellular proteins in pea root tip and border cell exudates. | newly generated plant tissue is inherently sensitive to infection. yet, when pea (pisum sativum) roots are inoculated with the pea pathogen, nectria haematococca, most newly generated root tips remain uninfected even though most roots develop lesions just behind the tip in the region of elongation. the resistance mechanism is unknown but is correlated spatially with the presence of border cells on the cap periphery. previously, an array of >100 extracellular proteins was found to be released whi ... | 2007 | 17142479 |
| homoserine and asparagine are host signals that trigger in planta expression of a pathogenesis gene in nectria haematococca. | some pathogenesis-related genes are expressed in fungi only when the pathogen is in the host, but the host signals that trigger these gene expressions have not been identified. virulent nectria haematococca infects pea plants and requires either pela, which is induced by pectin, or peld, which is induced only in planta. however, the host signal(s) that trigger peld expression was unknown. here we report the isolation of the host signals and identify homoserine and asparagine, two free amino acid ... | 2005 | 15753300 |
| detoxification of the phytoalexin pisatin by a fungal cytochrome p-450. | the fungus nectria haematococca, a pathogen of garden pea (pisum sativum), can demethylate pisatin, an antimicrobial compound synthesized by infected pea tissue. the phenolic product is less toxic than pisatin to many microorganisms. cell extracts catalyzing pisatin demethylation were obtained from n. haematococca, and the properties of the reaction were examined. the enzyme activity was greatest in the high-speed pellet fraction, in which rates up to 20 nmol/min/mg protein were observed. the km ... | 1983 | 6870275 |
| expression profiles of pea pathogenicity ( pep) genes in vivo and in vitro, characterization of the flanking regions of the pep cluster and evidence that the pep cluster region resulted from horizontal gene transfer in the fungal pathogen nectria haematococca. | a cluster of pathogenicity genes ( pep1, pep2, pda1, pep5), termed the pea pathogenicity ( pep) cluster and located on a 1.6-mb conditionally dispensable (cd) chromosome, was identified in the fungal pathogen nectria haematococca. studies determined that the expression of pda1 is induced in both infected pea tissues and in vitro by the phytoalexin pisatin. the present study reports the use of real-time quantitative rt-pcr to monitor the expression of each pep gene and pda1. in mycelia actively g ... | 2003 | 12925899 |