| host selection patterns of some pakistan mosquitoes. | the host selection patterns of 18 species of pakistan mosquitoes are described, emphasizing the presumed malaria vectors, anopheles culicifacies, an. fluviatilis, and an. stephensi, and the probable vectors of west nile virus, culex pipiens fatigans and cx. tritaeniorhynchus. all species tested, with the exception of cx, p. fatigans, were considered to be essentially zoophilic. few human feeds were recorded for an. annularis (0.7%), an. culicifacies (0.5%), an. fluviatilis (1.1%), an. nigerrimus ... | 1979 | 110157 |
| mosquito collections in pattukottai and adjacent localities in thanjavur district (tamil nadu), with particular reference to anopheles culicifacies giles. | | 1979 | 457199 |
| susceptibility status of anopheles culicifacies in karnataka state (1973--78). | | 1979 | 521091 |
| density measurements of anopheles culicifacies (giles) during malaria transmission season in pattukottai, thanjavur district, tamil nadu. | | 1979 | 535952 |
| malathion resistance in anopheles culicifacies in gujarat. | | 1977 | 924580 |
| observations on the swarming and mating behavior of anopheles culicifacies giles in nature. | the mating and swarming behaviour of a. culicifacies giles was investigated during december 1975 at a cattle shed near the village of sattoki, lahore district, punjab, pakistan. on average, swarming commenced 20.9 min before sunset (light intensity 1414.4 lx) and ended 21.0 min after sunset (5.4 lx) with pairing restricted to the period from 6.1 min before (467.2 lx) to 15.8 min after sunset (26.9 lx). the swarms were principally composed of males, with females entering only for mating. on avera ... | 1976 | 1088096 |
| role of anopheles culicifacies sibling species in malaria transmission in madhya pradesh state, india. | | 1992 | 1287914 |
| critical appraisal of entomological data of madhya pradesh for 1991 and its relevance to the national malaria eradication programme. | entomological data generated in five entomological zones, of madhya pradesh state during 1991 including, bhopal, bilaspur, gwalior, indore and raipur were analyzed. the entomological parameters that were studied included per man hour (pmh) density, abdominal physiology and parity status. the inferences were related to i) resting behaviour (exophily/endophily) ii) duration of indoor resting period of mosquitoes iii) man-vector contact iv) efficacy of residual insecticide and v) vulnerability of t ... | 1992 | 1344179 |
| seasonal prevalence and succession of rice field breeding mosquitoes of central gujarat. | studies on seasonal prevalence and succession of mosquitoes in rice fields, revealed the dominance of anopheles culicifacies and an. subpictus in newly transplanted fields during early months of rice cultivation, which was later replaced by the species like an. annularis, an. barbirostris, an. nigerrimus and an. tessellatus with the growth in plant height. among culicines, except cx. quinquefasciatus other species were prevalent during growing and later stages of the rice crop. larval density wa ... | 1992 | 1344947 |
| control of mosquito larvae in the port city of assab by an indigenous larvivorous fish, aphanius dispar. | a randomized controlled trial was carried out in assab under the auspices of the national organization for the control of malaria and other vectorborne diseases of ethiopia to assess the effectiveness of an indigenous cyprinodontid fish, aphanius dispar, in controlling mosquito larvae, including the local malaria vector, anopheles culicifacies adanensis. cisterns, wells and barrels were found to be important breeding sites for the malaria vector and for culicine mosquitoes. fish were equally eff ... | 1992 | 1363180 |
| malaria transmission at a new irrigation project in sri lanka: the emergence of anopheles annularis as a major vector. | malaria transmission was studied in a newly irrigated area of the mahaweli project in the dry zone of sri lanka. observations were performed for a three-month period following the northeast monsoon. parasitemia in the population varied from 20.2% in february to 7% in may, and infection was due to both plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax. night catches of mosquitoes collected with human bait included a high proportion of anopheles annularis. mosquitoes containing sporozoites in the salivary glands ... | 1992 | 1449195 |
| differential selection of malathion resistance in anopheles culicifacies a and b (diptera: culicidae) in haryana state, india. | in november 1989, for the first time after the introduction of malathion spray in 1982, increased densities of anopheles culicifacies giles s.l. were observed in chhatera and barota, two villages in halalpur block in sonepat district, haryana state, india. in bioassay tests against the diagnostic dose of malathion (5% for 1 h), 41-47% of mosquitoes survived. an culicifacies populations in this area comprise two sibling species, a and b. differential malathion resistance was observed; in species ... | 1992 | 1495027 |
| gel diffusion analysis of anopheles bloodmeals from 12 malarious study villages of orissa state, india. | in orissa state, india, the double gel diffusion technique was used to analyze 97,405 bloodmeals of all fed anophelines that were caught during standardized monthly surveys in 12 malarious study villages, from 1982 through 1988. anopheles culicifacies contributed the highest number of smears from the 19 anopheles species recovered. it was observed that a pronounced predilection to take mixed bloodmeals attenuates the vector potential of the species concerned. consequently, prevalences based only ... | 1991 | 1787405 |
| biting rhythms of malaria vector anopheles culicifacies in kheda district, gujarat. | all night collections on bovine baits were made in 6 villages of kheda district, gujarat. during 70 all night bait collections from january to december 1989, a total of 2290 an. culicifacies were collected. an. culicifacies mostly exhibited bimodal rhythms with a seasonal shift in peak biting activities. during the cold season most biting occurred just after dusk and during the warm season late at night. an. culicifacies was more active during moonless hours and its activity showed no correlatio ... | 1991 | 1810752 |
| isolation and laboratory evaluation of an indigenous strain of bacillus sphaericus (9001). | an indigenous strain of bacillus sphaericus h5a (9001), possessing high insecticidal properties, was isolated from diseased larvae of culex species. this strain in comparison with the known strains of b. sphaericus, i.e., 1593 and 2362, was found to be promising against the fourth instar larvae of anopheles culicifacies, an. stephensi, an. subpictus, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. b. sphaericus 9001 is highly stable and virulent through 25 successive transfers and thus can be effectiv ... | 1991 | 1822451 |
| studies on mosquito vector species in indoor habitats of desert and non-desert regions of rajasthan. | a survey undertaken in two desert (jodhpur and bikaner) and one non-desert (jaipur) districts of rajasthan indicated that medically important mosquitoes comprised of three genera and elevan mosquito species. culex pseudovisbnui, c. malayi and anopheles culicifacies were found in desert districts only and a. fluviatilis, c. gelidus and aedes vittatus in non-desert jaipur district only. except a. subpictus, all the species in the desert region had peak density in rh range of 21-60 per cent while i ... | 1991 | 1842809 |
| resistance in anopheles culicifacies sibling species b and c to malathion in andhra pradesh and gujarat states, india. | studies conducted in warangal, khammam and mahabubnagar districts in andhra pradesh and surat district in gujarat have revealed that anopheles culicifacies sensu lato (s.l.) populations were resistant to malathion. in the absence of indoor spraying of malathion in public health programs in the 3 districts of andhra pradesh, resistance is attributed to the extensive use of pesticides in agriculture. species b and c were sympatric in all areas surveyed, and both the species were resistant to malat ... | 1991 | 1895083 |
| occurrence of anopheles culicifacies species a in iran. | polytene chromosome preparations of the ovarian nurse cells of anopheles culicifacies females collected in 6 different parts of baluchistan, iran, during september-october 1987 and may-june 1988 revealed the existence of species a in this country. the chromosome arms are homosequential with those of species a of india. this report confirms the distribution of species a in iran. | 1991 | 1895096 |
| bionomics of anopheles culicifacies giles in riverine tract rural areas of district shahjahanpur, uttar pradesh. | studies on seasonal prevalence, resting behaviour, gonotropic conditions and breeding habits of anopheles culicifacies were carried out from january 1987 to december 1989 in riverine villages of dadraul phc in shahjahanpur district, uttar pradesh. man hour densities of an. culicifacies varied from 11.3 to 125.1 during the study period. the species showed two peaks of high prevalence: one during march to june and the other during october to december. the first peak was higher than the second. the ... | 1991 | 1915981 |
| magnitude of ddt resistance in anopheles culicifacies in maharashtra state. | | 1990 | 2230025 |
| field evaluation of deltamethrin against resistant anopheles culicifacies in distt. ghaziabad (u.p.) india. | a field study to evaluate the impact of deltamethrin spraying on ddt and hch resistant a. culicifacies population was carried out in razapur primary health centre (phc), distt. ghaziabad (u.p.) india. the phc comprising of about 0.14 million population was divided into 3 sections of equal size and sprayed with (i) 3 rounds at 12.5 mg/sq m at 6 weeks interval, and (ii) 2 rounds each at 20 mg/sq m and 25 mg/sq m at 8 weeks interval. one section in dadri phc located at a distance of about 22 kms wa ... | 1990 | 2384182 |
| responses of anopheles culicifacies sibling species a and b to ddt and hch in india: implications in malaria control. | differential responses of anopheles culicifacies giles sibling species a and b to ddt were evident from higher survival rate of species b in laboratory bioassays and greater proportions of species b in ddt-sprayed villages of northern india, compared with those under hch pressure. both species a and b have become almost completely resistant to hch in this area due to regular house-spraying with hch for about the last 10 years. because species a predominates in northern india, where it has been i ... | 1988 | 2485170 |
| population dynamics of some pakistan mosquitoes: changes in adult relative abundance over time and space. | time series and spatial changes in the relative abundance of 14 mosquito species were described from weekly or biweekly collections at nine localities in punjab province, pakistan, from january 1976 to june 1980. comparisons between indoor aspirator catches and outdoor mechanical sweeper collections enabled mosquito resting habits to be classified as: (1) endophilic (anopheles culicifacies, an. fluviatilis, an. stephensi, an. subpictus); (2) partially exophilic (an. annularis, an. pulcherrimus, ... | 1986 | 2873798 |
| effect of permethrin impregnated bednets in reducing population of malaria vector anopheles culicifacies in a tribal village of orissa state (india). | the role of permethrin impregnated bednets at the application rate of 0.5 g (ai)/m2 in reducing a. culicifacies population in a tribal village of orissa, highly endemic for plasmodium falciparum was studied. the per man-hour density was significantly reduced in the kenduguda village for about three months where impregnated bednets were supplied to the villagers, while in the control village deulaguda where unimpregnated nets were supplied, vector density remained high during the study period. bi ... | 1989 | 2914731 |
| anopheles culicifacies: siblings species composition and its relationship to malaria incidence. | entomological and epidemiological surveys in may, august and november 1985 and march 1986 were conducted in villages in bulandshahr, a western district in uttar pradesh and in three eastern districts, jaunpur, ballia and saran. in bulandshahr, anopheles culicifacies sibling species a and b were found, with a predominance of species a. both plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum were present and the malaria incidence remained high (spr, 6-50%) indicating an active transmission. in contrast, in three ... | 1988 | 3057115 |
| susceptibility of anopheles culicifacies species a and b to plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum as determined by immunoradiometric assay. | we have used a two-site immunoradiometric assay and species-specific antisporozoite monoclonal antibodies to determine the relative roles that sibling species a and b of the anopheles culicifacies complex play in malaria transmission in western uttar pradesh, india. the results unequivocally establish species a as the primary vector of both plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum in this area. our results indicate active transmission of p. vivax from may to october and of p. falciparum from august to ... | 1988 | 3068854 |
| host feeding patterns of anopheles culicifacies species a and b. | countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis was used to assay bloodmeals to determine the host specificity of anopheles culicifacies species a and b, collected from areas in delhi, uttar pradesh and bihar. results indicated the predominantly zoophagic nature of species a and b with a relatively higher degree of anthropophagy for species a. further, the human blood index was found to be related to the proportion of human and cattle population in an area. this study is significant because, of the two spe ... | 1988 | 3199114 |
| endemic malaria in four villages of the pakistani province of punjab. | the prevalence of malaria in 4 villages 60 km south of lahore, punjab, where anopheles culicifacies is the vector was estimated from blood films made during three mass malaria surveys (ms) and at 204 clinics (cs) held over 18 consecutive months. the highest parasite rate occurred during october 1984 when 43% of the cs population had parasitaemias. plasmodium vivax predominated early in the major transmission season (23% and 15% vivax parasitaemias in august 1983 and 1984 respectively) whereas p. ... | 1987 | 3328334 |
| seasonal prevalence of sibling species a and b of the taxon anopheles culicifacies in villages around delhi. | | 1987 | 3440498 |
| incrimination of anopheles culicifacies as vector of malaria in orissa. | | 1986 | 3530831 |
| studies of comparative infectivity of fifteen strains of plasmodium vivax to laboratory-reared anopheline mosquitoes, with special reference to anopheles culicifacies. | the sattoki strain of species a of the taxon anopheles culicifacies giles was infected with 15 different strains of plasmodium vivax from asia, new guinea, and central and south america. a comparison of the relative infectivity indicated a marked variation for the different strains of p. vivax when compared to anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. | 1986 | 3537255 |
| evaluation of malathion space-spray as a supplementary control measure against anopheles culicifacies giles. | | 1987 | 3692557 |
| population dynamics of some pakistan mosquitoes: the impact of residual organophosphate insecticide spray on anopheline relative abundance. | two rounds of residual organophosphate house spray regionally eradicated susceptible endophilic resting anophelines (anopheles culicifacies, an. stephensi and an. subpictus) from rural villages in punjab province, pakistan. partially exophilic resting species (an. annularis and an. pulcherrimus) also were eliminated from resting within the village, but persisted in bovid bait collections throughout the spray period. the abundance of the partially exophilic resting species returned to prespray le ... | 1986 | 3729599 |
| population dynamics of some pakistan mosquitoes: temporal changes in reproductive status, age structure and survivorship of anopheles culicifacies, an. stephensi and culex tritaeniorhynchus. | the reproductive biology and age-structure of female anopheles culicifacies, an. stephensi and culex tritaeniorhynchus were studied at rural punjabi villages near lahore, pakistan, during 1976-1980. both anopheles remained gonotrophically active throughout the year with blood-fed, gravid, parous and virgin females collected during all months. culex tritaeniorhynchus populations bifurcated into reproductively active, non-overwintering and reproductively inactive, overwintering populations in octo ... | 1986 | 3729600 |
| the sporogonic cycle of plasmodium reichenowi. | plasmodium reichenowi, a malarial parasite of the chimpanzee, was infective to anopheles freeborni, anopheles quadrimaculatus, anopheles stephensi, anopheles maculatus, anopheles dirus, and anopheles culicifacies mosquitoes. anopheles gambiae and anopheles albimanus were not infected. mean oocyst diameters of p. reichenowi were smaller than those of the other chimpanzee parasite, plasmodium schwetzi. sporozoites were present in the salivary glands of an. freeborni at 15 days when held at 25 to 2 ... | 1986 | 3734994 |
| breeding habitats of anopheles culicifacies in rameswaram island. | | 1986 | 3770835 |
| infectivity of two strains of plasmodium vivax to anopheles albitarsis mosquitoes from colombia. | anopheles albitarsis obtained from villavicencio, colombia, were colonized in the laboratory using force-mating techniques. laboratory reared mosquitoes were allowed to feed on aotus monkeys infected with the salvador ii or the rio meta strains of plasmodium vivax from el salvador and colombia, respectively. in comparison with other species, the an. albitarsis were less susceptible than anopheles freeborni, anopheles culicifacies and strains of anopheles albimanus from el salvador, panama and co ... | 1985 | 3912483 |
| anopheles culicifacies (diptera: culicidae): ddt resistance in sri lanka prior to and after cessation of ddt spraying. | | 1985 | 4045932 |
| studies on a newly isolated strain of plasmodium brasilianum in aotus and saimiri monkeys and different anophelines. | a strain of plasmodium brasilianum was isolated from an aotus vociferans monkey from peru. the parasite readily infected aotus monkeys from bolivia and columbia and saimiri sciureus monkeys from peru and bolivia. highest level mosquito infections were obtained by feeding on the saimiri monkeys. the most susceptible mosquito was anopheles freeborni, followed by anopheles dirus, anopheles stephensi, anopheles gambiae, anopheles culicifacies, anopheles maculatus and anopheles albimanus. anopheles q ... | 1985 | 4093810 |
| host-preference observations on anopheles culicifacies (diptera: culicidae) in gujarat state, india. | | 1969 | 5374165 |
| susceptibility studies on anopheles culicifacies with ddt and dieldrin in gujarat state, india. | | 1968 | 5642120 |
| development of malathion resistance in a ddt, hch resistant anopheles culicifacies population in thane district (maharashtra). | | 1983 | 6195211 |
| the scope and limitations of insecticide spraying in rural vector control programmes in the states of karnataka and tamil nadu in india. | the resurgence of malaria in india began in 1966 and the states of karnataka and tamil nadu were no exception to this phenomenon. in both states the peak occurrence came in 1976. malaria was largely confined to highly vulnerable and receptive areas. the problem of increased incidence was particularly associated with the development of several irrigation and hydro-electric schemes. improperly maintained irrigation systems and reservoirs provided ideal breeding grounds. the present paper examines ... | 1982 | 6206995 |
| vector incrimination studies and observations on species a and b of the taxon anopheles culicifacies in pakistan. | studies on anopheline mosquitoes in selected villages of punjab province, pakistan have incriminated anopheles culicifacies species a as the primary malaria vector. although an. stephensi and an. subpictus showed higher immediate gut infection rates, estimations of relative abundance, age structure and survivorship, and observations of late gut and salivary gland infection rates suggested that neither species was a major vector in these villages. a survey of an. culicifacies populations detected ... | 1984 | 6390803 |
| feeding behaviour, age structure & vectorial capacity of anopheles culicifacies giles along the river thenpennai (tamil nadu). | | 1984 | 6519713 |
| density of anopheles culicifacies giles in relation to control measures along the river thenpennai (tamil nadu). | | 1984 | 6519714 |
| natural infection & vectorial capacity of anopheles culicifacies giles in rameswaram island (tamil nadu). | | 1984 | 6519715 |
| density & biting behaviour of anopheles culicifacies giles in rameswaram island (tamil nadu). | | 1984 | 6519716 |
| assessment of the consequences of the house-spraying of malathion on the interruption of malaria transmission. | marked female anopheles culicifacies were released into an enclosed palm-leaf hut at dusk and survivors recovered the following drawn by hand on several occasions before and after spraying with the insecticide malathion. pre-spray releases yielded only 25-50% recovery which was thought to be due to concealment of resting mosquitoes in the palm-leaf. a mortality of 100% was recorded for over 2 months after spraying the insecticide but after 71 days small numbers of live recoveries were found. the ... | 1983 | 6668635 |
| estimates of malaria vectorial capacity for anopheles culicifacies and anopheles stephensi in rural punjab province pakistan. | | 1982 | 6750125 |
| anopheles culicifacies species complex in thenpennaiyar riverine tract, tamil nadu. | | 1983 | 6874034 |
| field measurement of the effective dominance of an insecticide resistance in anopheline mosquitos. | anopheles culicifacies that were susceptible, heterozygous, or homozygous resistant to hch and dieldrin were differentially marked with fluorescent dusts and released twice weekly into village huts in pakistan that had been sprayed with four different dosages of hch to see which of the genotypes died and which survived. the three highest dosages killed all three genotypes in the first four weeks, and heterozygotes and susceptibles for at least 12 weeks. the lowest dosage killed all the susceptib ... | 1981 | 6976231 |
| the nature of malathion resistance in a population of anopheles culicifacies giles. | malathion resistance in a population of anopheles culicifacies from maharashtra state in india, which also showed resistance to a number of other organophosphorus compounds, was found to be dominant in its expression. most of the crossing and back-crossing results involving a susceptible population of the same species from sri lanka indicated the possible involvement of more than one genetic factor. the existence of such a broad spectrum of resistance, and experiments involving the use of the sy ... | 1981 | 6976845 |
| tests for the existence of genetic variability in the tendency of anopheles culicifacies species b to rest in houses and to bite man. | experiments were carried out in sri lanka on the malaria vector anopheles culicifacies using the mark-release-recapture technique. collections were made in cattle-baited huts fitted with exit traps, and in nightbiting catches on human subjects. the same individual mosquitos were caught biting cattle and man on different occasions and the numbers caught demonstrated an overall preference for the cattle. the mean interval between successive blood meals in the field was estimated to be 2.3 days.fol ... | 1982 | 6982776 |
| seasonal trends in population size and survivorship of anopheles culicifacies, an. stephensi and an. subpictus (diptera: culicidae) in rural punjab province, pakistan. | | 1982 | 7120300 |
| anopheles culicifacies (diptera: culicidae): horizontal and vertical estimates of immature development and survivorship in rural punjab province, pakistan. | | 1982 | 7154019 |
| ovarian development and biting frequency in anopheles culicifacies giles in sri lanka. | in order to determine the duration of the gonotrophic cycle in anopheles culicifacies giles in sri lanka, ovarian development in freshly blood-fed wild-caught females was studied in the laboratory and the findings were compared with mark-and-release recoveries in the field. in specimens of unknown parity at first capture probable feeding intervals of 1, 2 and 3 days (mean: 1.7 - 2.1 days) were found. the release of freshly blood-fed nullipars bred from larvae produced two recaptures from which i ... | 1980 | 7210169 |
| insecticide susceptibility status of a colonized strain of anopheles culicifacies giles. | | 1980 | 7228159 |
| susceptibility of pondicherry strain of anopheles culicifacies giles to different insecticides. | | 1981 | 7319576 |
| selection for ddt-susceptibility in anopheles culicifacies from lahore, pakistan. | two colonized and three wild strains of anopheles culicifacies were screened to isolate a ddt-susceptible colony. no susceptible strain was isolated, as the colonies tested were either homozygous or nearly so for resistance. a more rigorous selection of a highly ddt-resistant strain suggested the involvement of ancillary factors in addition to major genes for ddt-resistance in the species. | 1980 | 7403940 |
| anopheles culicifacies giles: a release-recapture experiment with cohorts of known age with implications for malaria epidemiology and genetical control in pakistan. | a mark-release-recapture experiment with the progeny of wild collected anopheles culicifacies was performed during the monsoon season of 1978 at the village of khano-harni, a malarious area situated in lahore district, punjab province, pakistan. the recapture rates of males and females released at breeding and resting sites were statistically comparable and totalled 8.0% for females and 5.9% for males collected resting in houses and cattle sheds. mating occurred mostly on the night following the ... | 1980 | 7434425 |
| anopheline fauna of ajodhya hills, district purulia. west bengal. | anopheline fauna of cattlesheds (cs) in ajodhya hills, district purulia, consisted of 12 species during summer, monsoon and 10 species during winter. of the six vector species encountered in cs, anopheles culicifacies, an. annularis, an. subpictus, an. maculatus and an. fluviatilis were found in all the three seasons. an. philippinensis was encountered in monsoon only and constituted 0.61% of the total anopheline catch made during the season. an. culicifacies was the most predominant species dur ... | 1995 | 7589728 |
| biology of malaria vectors in central gujarat. | biology of malaria vectors were studied in kheda district of central gujarat in order to understand the vector behaviour in the wake of ecological changes. anopheles culicifacies and an. stephensi were mainly endophilic whereas an. fluviatilis exhibited marked exophily. all the three vectors were predominantly zoophilic. peak biting activity period of an. culicifacies varied with season though biting continued in varying magnitudes throughout the night. an. stephensi and an. fluviatilis were arh ... | 1994 | 7713261 |
| a note on anopheles culicifacies sibling species composition in stone quarry belt of district allahabad (u.p.). | | 1994 | 7713263 |
| repellent action of cymbopogan martinii martinii stapf var. sofia oil against mosquitoes. | studies were carried out to evaluate the repellent action of cymbopogan martinii martinii stapf var. sofia (f. gramineae) against mosquitoes under field conditions. results revealed that the oil has strong repellent action and provided absolute protection for 12 h against anopheles culicifacies, a principal vector of malaria in the country. similar degree of protection was evident against an. annularis and an. subpictus. the protection against culex quinquefasciatus, a pest mosquito was 96.3% fo ... | 1994 | 7713271 |
| anopheles culicifacies in baluchistan, iran. | anopheles culicifacies (probably species a) is the main vector of malaria in baluchistan, southeastern iran. adult mosquitoes were collected during 1990-92 by five methods of sampling: knock-down pyrethrum space-spray indoors, human and animal bait (18.00-05.00 hours), pit shelters and cdc light traps, yielding 62%, 3%, 6%, 4% and 25% of specimens, respectively. whereas spray-catches comprised c. 70% gravid and semi-gravid females, light trap catches were mostly (c. 60%) unfed females, while fem ... | 1995 | 7787227 |
| seasonality of indoor resting mosquitoes in a broken-forest ecosystem of north-western orissa. | the seasonal prevalence and indoor resting habits of mosquitoes in a broken-forest ecosystem of orissa, which is known to be endemic for malaria and bancroftian filariasis, have been studied. a total of 15 anopheline spp., 9 culex spp. and one each of aedes, armigeres and mansonia, were collected. major species with perennial occurrence were anopheles culicifacies, an. subpictus, an. annularis, an. vagus, an. pallidus, an. nigerrimus, culex quinquefasciatus and cx. tritaeniorhynchus. these speci ... | 1993 | 7907552 |
| population dynamics of anthropophilic mosquitoes during the northeast monsoon season in the malaria epidemic zone of sri lanka. | mosquito-borne diseases are a major health problem in sri lanka. human biting mosquitoes were collected during the night (18.00-06.00 hours) at nikawehera village, in the malaria endemic intermediate rainfall zone of the country. collections were made at monthly intervals in the period october 1991 to april 1992, which included the main rainy season due to the northeast monsoon (october-january). thirteen anopheles, eleven culex, three aedes, three mansonia and one armigeres species were identif ... | 1994 | 7949318 |
| evaluation of organophosphorus and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides against six vector mosquitoe species. | three organophosphorus compounds- malathion, folithion and temephos- and two synthetic pyrethroids- alphamethrin and deltamethrin- were used for monitoring the susceptibility status of larvae and adults of six vector mosquito species: culex quinquefasciatus (filariasis) and aedes albopictus (dengue) (both laboratory and field strains); laboratory strains of aedes aegypti (dengue), anopheles stephensi and anopheles culicifacies (malaria), and culex tritaeniorhynchus (japanese encephalitis) in ind ... | 1993 | 7997809 |
| lactate dehydrogenase allozyme differentiation of species in the anopheles culicifacies complex. | genetically controlled enzyme variation exists within and between four sibling species of the anopheles culicifacies complex of malaria vectors in india. a study on electrophoretic variation of nine enzymes in an. culicifacies sibling species revealed that the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) locus has fast (f) and slow (s) allozymes distinguishing species a+d from species b+c with a probability of c. 95%. | 1994 | 8025321 |
| effect of temperature on toxicity of two bioinsecticides spherix (bacillus sphaericus) and bactoculicide (bacillus thuringiensis) against larvae of four vector mosquitoes. | two bioinsecticide preparations, viz. spherix (bacillus sphaericus) and bactoculicide (bacillus thuringiensis h-14), were tested in the laboratory against larvae of anopheles culicifacies, anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti at different temperatures. the lcs50 of spherix against iii instar larvae of these species at 27 +/- 2 degrees c were 2.0, 0.19, 0.05 and > 40 mg/litre, respectively and those of bactoculicide were 0.32, 0.16, 0.06 and 0.03 mg/litre, respectively. t ... | 1993 | 8100540 |
| survival rates of anopheles culicifacies s.l. and anopheles pulcherrimus in sprayed and unsprayed villages in ghassreghand district, baluchistan, iran, 1991. | survival rates, expectation of life, and expectation of infective life of anopheles culicifacies and anopheles pulcherrimus were estimated in sprayed and unsprayed villages in the highly malarious ghassreghand district, iran, during the 2 peak malaria transmission seasons in 1991. the daily survival rate of an. culicifacies was estimated as 0.84 and 0.78 during may and 0.89 and nil during september-october in the unsprayed and sprayed villages, respectively. for an. pulcherrimus the daily surviv ... | 1993 | 8126476 |
| field evaluation of a microgel droplet formulation of bacillus sphaericus 1593m (biocide-s) against anopheles culicifacies and anopheles subpictus in south india. | a microgel droplet formulation of bacillus sphaericus 1593m (biocide-s) was field tested at two different doses viz, 0.22 and 0.43 g/m2 in casuarina pits against a malarial vector anopheles (cellia) culicifacies giles, and an. (cel.) subpictus grassi in coconut garden pits in the coastal areas of south india. both doses significantly reduced the abundance of late instars and pupae of an. culicifacies for 3 and 5 weeks respectively. a significant reduction was recorded in the abundance of late in ... | 1993 | 8266244 |
| role of anopheles culicifacies s.l. and an. pulcherrimus in malaria transmission in ghassreghand (baluchistan), iran. | a 2-site immunoradiometric assay (irma) was performed on the head and thorax of anopheles culicifacies s.l. and an. pulcherrimus females, the 2 most common anopheline species in the district of ghassreghand (baluchistan, iran), collected during the 2 peak malaria transmission seasons (may and september-october 1991). positive irma results revealed the 2 species as potential vectors of malaria in this highly endemic district. this finding serves as the first report on natural infection of an. pul ... | 1993 | 8468570 |
| anopheles culicifacies complex: cytogenetic characterization of rameshwaram island populations. | anopheles culicifacies sensu lato collected from rameshwaram island, tamil nadu state, india was identified as species b based on the diagnostic inversion karyotype xab 2g1+h1 as observed in polytene chromosomes. among male mitotic karyotypes made from larval neurogonial cells, two types were observed: one with an acrocentric y-chromosome and the other with a sub-metacentric y-chromosome, both had sub-metacentric x and metacentric autosomes. the rameshwaram population is identical to species b i ... | 1993 | 8468571 |
| urban malaria and its vectors anopheles stephensi and anopheles culicifacies (diptera : culicidae) in gurgaon, india. | the seasonal variation in the density of immature and adult malaria vectors anopheles stephensi and an. culicifacies were recorded from january to december, 1986 in urban gurgaon, india. the highest combined anopheline larval density (2.3 per dip) was recorded in the 31st week. the peak adult density for malaria vectors an. stephensi (4.14 per man hour) and an. culicifacies (1.02 per man hour) were reported in the month of august. the highest percentage of total infestation for anophelines and o ... | 1995 | 8525407 |
| biting activity of the malaria vector, anopheles culicifacies, on man and cattle in doon valley, india. | in the present study, the information about biting time and activity of a malaria vector, anopheles culicifacies on man and cattle in doon valley has been mentioned. the maximum biting activity, 22.4 percent in human bait indoor and 20.5 percent in human bait outdoor was noted between 22.00-23.00 h in the night. however, the biting activity on animal bait (calf) was noted maximum in the mid night at 24.00-01.00 h. | 1995 | 8541891 |
| malaria control using permethrin applied to tents of nomadic afghan refugees in northern pakistan. | malaria control among nomadic populations has, in the past, posed serious logistic difficulties. presented in this article are the results of a pilot study in which permethrin was sprayed on the tents of over 26000 nomadic afghan refugees in an area of pakistan where seasonal malaria outbreaks occur. in this area anopheles culicifacies and a. stephensi are the malaria vectors. population surveys in the year of the study, before and at the end of the transmission season, showed that the increase ... | 1996 | 8823964 |
| hyperendemic malaria in a forested, hilly myanmar village. | a 1-year longitudinal study of hyperendemic malaria was carried out at tha-bye-wa village, oktwin township, situated in the forested bago mountain range in south-central myanmar. mosquito infectivity was assayed using specific, sporozoite enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. anopheles dirus was the predominant vector in the postmonsoon season (october); during the cool-dry season (january), both an. dirus and anopheles minimus were vectors. members of the anopheles culicifacies complex were caugh ... | 1995 | 8825497 |
| dynamics of malaria transmission in forested and deforested regions of mandla district, central india (madhya pradesh). | a longitudinal malaria study was undertaken in 1990-91 in 2 adjacent ecological zones in central india: villages in forest and villages away from the forest. the prevalence of anopheles species varied widely between the 2 ecological settings. in the villages in forest, anopheles culicifacies and an. fluviatilis were mainly exophilic, whereas in the villages away from forest, an. culicifacies was predominantly endophilic and an. fluviatilis was equally prevalent both indoors and outdoors. the sea ... | 1996 | 8827597 |
| cytotaxonomical examination for sibling species in the taxon anopheles culicifacies giles in sri lanka. | ovarian polytene chromosomes of anopheles culicifacies collected from different climatic and eco-epidemiological localities were examined to study the composition and distribution of sibling species in sri lanka. during the study period 4328 ovaries were prepared for examination, of which 1937 were suitable for the reading of polytene chromosomes. among these 458 specimens were identified as belonging to species b based on diagnostic inversion on x-chromosome and 1479 definitively were identifie ... | 1996 | 8952171 |
| anopheline species complexes & malaria control. | species complexes comprising morphologically indistinguishable biological species that are reproductively isolated, are of common occurrence among anophelines. a list of anopheline species complexes identified so far in the world has been given. to demonstrate the importance of species complexes in malaria control, we report the anopheles culicifacies complex as a case study. an. culicifacies is a major vector of malaria in india and neighbouring countries. this complex comprises four sibling sp ... | 1997 | 9291685 |
| efficacy of light-traps in sampling malaria vectors in different ecological zones in central india. | this preliminary field study was designed chiefly to test the efficiency of the light-trap as a tool for sampling malaria vectors, in tribal villages located in different ecological settings in comparison with indoor resting collections as an alternative method. anopheles culicifacies, a known malaria vector, was the most prevalent species in the study villages and more than 80% of trap catches were obtained before midnight with peak activity during dusk. reproductive status of trapped specimens ... | 1997 | 9322305 |
| role of anopheles culicifacies during an outbreak of malaria in gorubandha p.h.c., assam. | entomological investigation during an outbreak of malaria in gorubandha phc in sonitpur district revealed unusually high density of anopheles culicifacies followed by an.minimus. parity rates of both the species were very high, 65% and 62.2% respectively. an. culicifacies was incriminated as malaria vector. sporozoite rate recorded was 0.63%. both the species were found susceptible to ddt. this substantiates the epidemiological observation which yielded 98% plasmodium falciparum malaria out of 3 ... | 1997 | 9465529 |
| residual efficacy of deltamethrin 2.5 wp (k-othrin) sprayed on different types of surfaces against malaria vector anopheles culicifacies. | residual efficacy of deltamethrin 2.5 wp on various types of surfaces was tested against anopheles culicifacies under field conditions using who standard procedure. deltamethrin was most effective on the thatched surface and produced 100% mortality of an. culicifacies adults up to 12 weeks, even when exposed at the lowest dose /12.5 mg/m2. it was least effective on brick surface and 100% mortality was observed only for three weeks. the efficacy was observed for 8 and 7 weeks on mud and cement su ... | 1997 | 9561616 |
| observations on mosquito breeding in rice fields in two ecological terrains of district jabalpur, madhya pradesh. | studies on ecological succession of anophelines and the malaria vectors were carried out in rice fields located in two ecologically different terrains, i.e. plains and forested hills in jabalpur district during monsoon (july-october 1995). nine and fifteen species of anophelines were found breeding in the rice fields of plain and forested hill villages respectively. anopheles culicifacies and an. subpictus were dominant species in both the areas. the percentage emergence of adults of an. annular ... | 1997 | 9699423 |
| characteristics of malaria vector breeding habitats in sri lanka: relevance for environmental management. | in and around a village in the anuradhapura district of sri lanka anopheline larvae were sampled from july 1994 to april 1996 in all surface water bodies. samples positive for anopheles culicifacies, the established vector of malaria in sri lanka, and for an. barbirostris, an. vagus, and an. varuna, potential secondary vectors, were characterized by site, exposure to sunlight, substratum, turbidity of the water, presence of vegetation, and presence of fauna. availability of pools of stagnant wat ... | 1998 | 9740294 |
| anopheles culicifacies breeding in sri lanka and options for control through water management. | this paper assesses the options for control of malaria vectors through different water management practices in a natural stream in sri lanka. the association between water level in the stream and breeding of the immature stages of the primary vector anopheles culicifacies was investigated and the feasibility of using existing irrigation infrastructure to reduce the breeding potential discussed. the most feasible option would be to implement a management routine where water is released periodical ... | 1998 | 9821462 |
| irrigation water releases and anopheles culicifacies abundance in gujarat, india. | | 1998 | 9821468 |
| risk factors for malaria: a microepidemiological study in a village in sri lanka. | environmental and socioeconomic risk factors for malaria were studied in a village in sri lanka. over a period of one year, all 49 households in the village were visited every alternate day to obtain information on malaria episodes. information on risk factors was obtained through questionnaires and direct observations. age below 17 years (relative risk [rr] = 1.66, 95% confidence interval [95% ci] 1.18-2.35), use of bed nets (rr = 0.16, 95% ci 0.05-0.45) and traditional fumigants (rr = 0.58, 95 ... | 1998 | 9861392 |
| cyfluthrin (ew 050)-impregnated bednets in a malaria control program in ghassreghand (baluchistan, iran). | in a study carried out in the ghassreghand division (baluchistan, iran) from march through november 1995, efficacy of cyfluthrin-impregnated bednets was compared to that of untreated nets, in relation to malaria control. ten villages with a total population of 4,572 and 3 villages with a total population of 1,935 were used as treatment and control, respectively. the collection, impregnation (target dosage of 40 mg active ingredient [ai]/m2), and redistribution of the nets (9% nylon, 52% light co ... | 1998 | 10084136 |
| evaluation of lambdacyhalothrin-impregnated bednets in a malaria endemic area of india. part 2. impact on malaria vectors. | in malaria endemic villages of the indian state of orissa, the impact of bednets treated with lambdacyhalothrin at 25 mg/m2 on malaria vectors was assessed during a 3-year intervention trial beginning in may 1990. the main malaria vector was anopheles culicifacies with a small contribution from anopheles fluviatilis. the impregnated bednets caused a significant reduction in vector density as assessed by morning indoor resting catches, man-biting rate, light trapping, the proportion of females en ... | 1998 | 10084138 |
| studies on infections with the berok strain of plasmodium cynomolgi in monkeys and mosquitoes. | infections with the berok strain of plasmodium cynomolgi were induced in macaca mulatta, macaca fascicularis, macaca nemestrina, aotus lemurinus griseimembra, aotus azarae boliviensis, and saimiri boliviensis monkeys. transmission was obtained with sporozoites developing in anopheles peditaeniatus, anopheles maculatus, anopheles quadrimaculatus, anopheles culicifacies, and anopheles dirus mosquitoes. this strain of p. cynomolgi offers significant potential for a number of experimental studies. t ... | 1999 | 10219307 |
| screening of anopheles culicifacies population of sri lanka for sibling species a. | a total of 1119 anopheles culicifacies mosquitoes collected from various malaria endemic regions in sri lanka were examined using two dna probes rp217 and rp234, which enable the differentiation of sibling species a from b and c species of an. culicifacies. sibling species a was found to be absent. | 1998 | 10319555 |
| malaria vectors in a traditional dry zone village in sri lanka. | malaria transmission by anopheline mosquitoes was studied in a traditional tank-irrigation-based rice-producing village in the malaria-endemic low country dry zone of northcentral sri lanka during the period august 1994-february 1997. adult mosquitoes were collected from human and bovid bait catches, bovid-baited trap huts, indoor catches, and pit traps. mosquito head-thoraces were tested for the presence of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax, and blood-engorged abdomens for the presence of huma ... | 1999 | 10466971 |
| population dynamics of anopheles culicifacies and malaria in the tribal area of central india. | a longitudinal study (1993-94) on malaria was conducted in dungaria, a typical forest fringe tribal village in mandla district of central india (madhya pradesh). our initial objective was to obtain in-depth baseline data on malaria transmission in the tribal village to elucidate the factors responsible for persistent malaria in the area and thereby to help in formulating an improved malaria control program. anopheles culicifacies giles was the predominant vector of malaria, although anopheles fl ... | 1999 | 10480116 |
| multiple host feeding in field populations of anopheles culicifacies and an. subpictus in sri lanka. | a histological technique was used to detect the multiple blood-feeding of female mosquitoes, within the same gonotrophic cycle, in field populations of the malaria vectors anopheles culicifacies and an. subpictus (diptera: culicidae) at a village in the low country of sri lanka, during 1994-96. among 3306 an. culicifacies and 871 an. subpictus engorged females examined, respectively, 34.4% and 30.4% were multiple-fed. in these two species, double meals accounted for 92.7% and 89.5%, and triple m ... | 1999 | 10484158 |
| evidence for a new malaria vector species, species e, within the anopheles culicifacies complex (diptera: culicidae). | female anopheles culicifacies giles from ramanathapuram district, tamil nadu state, india, were examined for oocysts and sporozoites and their larval progeny for mitotic karyotype. collections were made from mandapam and uchipuli on the mainland, and thangachimadam and pamban on rameshwaram island. of the 451 an. culicifacies females that were collected and dissected, 24 were found positive for plasmodia (21 for sporozoites and 3 for oocysts). both acrocentric and submetacentric y-chromosome kar ... | 1999 | 10534953 |
| observations on the life cycle of coelomomyces indicus (blastocladiales: coelomomycetaceae) in anopheline mosquitoes from the philippines and thailand. | the water mold coelomomyces indicus iyengar is a widespread pathogen of anopheline mosquitoes in asia and africa, and it infects the copepod microcyclops varicans sars as its crustacean alternate host. this was determined by direct observation of field-infected copepods, selective meiospore encystment on m. varicans, and experimental infections of the copepod with zoospores from both thick and thin-walled meiosporangia. the physiological conditions governing germination of the 2 sporangial types ... | 1999 | 10593068 |
| susceptibility of the malaria vector anopheles culicifacies (diptera: culicidae) to ddt, dieldrin, malathion, and lambda-cyhalothrin. | the susceptibility of the malaria vector anopheles culicifacies to ddt, dieldrin, malathion, and lambda-cyhalothrin was determined in karnal, yamunanagar, and ambala districts of haryana state, india. the vector population showed a high degree of resistance to ddt and dieldrin. the test mortality to ddt and dieldrin ranged from 25% to 28% and 18% to 20%, respectively, in nadasahib of ambala districts. the mortality of an. culicifacies to malathion ranged between 65% and 68%. all the tests with l ... | 1999 | 10672548 |