| rapd-pcr for identification of zoophthora radicans isolates in biological control of the potato leafhopper. | biological control studies require the ability to distinguish released pathogens from locally occurring isolates of the same species. we have developed a technique that differentiates genotypes using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) for the apomictic species zoophthora radicans (zygomycota: entomophthorales), a pathogen of the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (homoptera: cicadellidae). rapd analysis was performed on z. radicans isolates released in test plots in 1990 and 1991 for leafhop ... | 1995 | 7876590 |
| subcellular effects and localization of binding sites of phytohemagglutinin in the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (insecta: homoptera: cicadellidae). | to identify the means by which phytohemagglutinin (pha) exerts its toxicity on the potato leafhopper, four different methods (thick and semi-thin sectioning combined with immunofluorescent staining, in vitro receptor autoradiography, and immunoelectron microscopy) were used to elucidate the pha target tissue, binding site, and its effects on this tissue. sixteen 1- or 2-day-old female potato leafhoppers were fed for 36 h on each of three treatments: a control, diet or a diet containing either th ... | 1998 | 9799472 |
| potato leafhopper (homoptera: cicadellidae) injury disrupts basal transport of 14c-labelled photoassimilates in alfalfa. | the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris), is a key pest of alfalfa, medicago sativa l., in part because of the leafhopper's ability to disrupt upward translocation within phloem tissues. to determine if leafhopper injury also disrupts basal translocation necessary for regrowth and perenniality of alfalfa, we used radiolabeled 14co2 to measure the basal transport of photoassimilates in injured and healthy plants. in one experiment, less 14c was transported to lower stem tissue of leafhopper ... | 2001 | 11233139 |
| role of the glandular trichomes in resistance of perennial alfalfa to the potato leafhopper (homoptera: cicadellidae). | experiments were performed to elucidate resistance of glandular-haired alfalfa, medicago sativa l., to the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris). the primary objective was to examine the potential role of the glandular trichomes and stem lignification for imparting resistance to this pest. during free-choice foliar discoloration experiments, the resistant alfalfa clone fgplh13 expressed lower levels of injury than the susceptible p5373 after 13 d. no-choice tests performed using nymphal pot ... | 2001 | 11561857 |
| influence of herbicide tolerant soybean production systems on insect pest populations and pest-induced crop damage. | conventional soybean weed management and transgenic herbicide-tolerant management were examined to assess their effects on soybean insect pest populations in south georgia in 1997 and 1998. soybean variety had very little impact on the insect species observed, except that maturity group effects were observed for stink bug, primarily nezara viridula (l.), population densities on some sampling dates. stink bugs were more abundant on the early maturing varieties in mid-season. velvetbean caterpilla ... | 2003 | 12852606 |
| within-field manipulation of potato leafhopper (homoptera: cicadellidae) and insect predator populations using an uncut alfalfa strip. | the effects of a 3-m wide uncut alfalfa strip on the within field distribution of empoasca fabae (harris) (homoptera: cicadellidae) and several species of insect predators were examined for 3 yr (1998-2000). the objectives were to determine whether this uncut strip would serve as a trap crop for e. fabae and a refuge for insect predators at first harvest. empoasca fabae and insect predators in the families coccinellidae, nabidae, anthocoridae, chrysopidae, and hemerobiidae were collected weekly ... | 2003 | 14503590 |
| the arthropod fauna of quebec vineyards with particular reference to phytophagous arthropods. | a 3-yr study using different sampling and trapping techniques showed that the arthropod pest fauna in two commercial vineyards in southwestern quebec was qualitatively and quantitatively different than that of ontario, canada, and new york state. we hypothesize that a colder winter climate in addition to the agronomic activity of earthing up around the vines in autumn to protect the roots from freezing in winter contributed to low numbers of pests, such as the grape berry moth, endopiza viteana ... | 2003 | 14503594 |
| glandular trichome extracts from medicago sativa deter settling by the potato leafhopper empoasca fabae. | extracts of glandular trichomes from medicago sativa were tested for their ability to disrupt the settling behavior of the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae. erect and procumbent glandular trichomes were mechanically isolated from stem sections of resistant genotype "g98a," and nonglandular trichomes were collected from susceptible cultivar "ranger." isolated trichomes were extracted with chloroform, acetone, and ethanol, and the resulting crude extracts were applied to the surface of a sachet c ... | 2004 | 15274440 |
| mass spectral characterization of fatty acid amides from alfalfa trichomes and their deterrence against the potato leafhopper. | a homologous series of n-(3-methylbutyl)amides of normal saturated c14, c15, c16, c17 and c18 fatty acids were identified as major components of glandular trichome extracts from medicago sativa g98a, an alfalfa genotype resistant to the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae. a second homologous series of n-(2-methylpropyl)amides of c14 through c18 normal fatty acids were minor components. saturated free fatty acids c12, c13, c14, c15, c16, c17 and c18 were present in trace amounts, as was the n-(3-m ... | 2005 | 15721945 |
| host effects of glandular-haired alfalfa on alfalfa weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) and potato leafhopper (homoptera: cicadellidae) populations in virginia. | cultivars of glandular-haired alfalfa, medicago sativa l., such as '54h69', are currently available and marketed as being resistant to potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris). between 2000 and 2002, studies were conducted to compare the effects of '54h69' and a standard, nonglandular-haired alfalfa cultivar, 'choice', on alfalfa weevil, hypera postica (gyllenhal), and potato leafhopper populations at campbell and montgomery counties, virginia. '54h69' had no effect on alfalfa weevil populatio ... | 2005 | 15765667 |
| estimating the potato leafhopper empoasca fabae (homoptera: cicadellidae) overwintering range and spring premigrant development by using geographic information system. | the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris), is a circular migratory pest of many crops in the united states that overwinters in the southern states. northward migrant population arrival to the northern states occurs earlier in the north central states compared with northeastern states. migrant leafhopper arrival to the north varies from year to year depending on factors influencing the development of spring migrants in the overwintering areas and on timing of weather systems capable of trans ... | 2005 | 16022303 |
| aspects of potato leafhopper (homoptera: cicadellidae) biology on solanum berthaultii and other potato genotypes. | survival of nymphs and adult males and females of potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris), on six potato (solanum spp.) genotypes with varied levels of resistance was evaluated and related to type, density, and droplet/head size of foliar glandular trichomes. survival was greater on solanum tuberosum cultivars ('allegany' and 'elba') compared with accessions of the wild s. berthaultii (pi 473331 and pi 473334). the barrier provided by glandular trichomes may affect survival of e.fabae by rest ... | 2005 | 16334343 |
| influence of plant ontogeny and abiotic factors on resistance of glandular-haired alfalfa to potato leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae). | laboratory experiments were conducted to characterize the trichome-based defense of glandular-haired alfalfa, medicago sativa l., against the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris). within-plant variability in leafhopper resistance was examined by caging adult leafhoppers to either basal or apical stem internodes of the leafhopper-resistant, glandular-haired m. sativa genotype g98a or the susceptible, nonglandular-haired m. sativa 'ranger'. young, actively secreting glandular trichomes are l ... | 2006 | 16686157 |
| host-plant-mediated competition via induced resistance: interactions between pest herbivores on potatoes. | plant-mediated competition among insect herbivores occurs when one species induces changes in plant chemistry, nutrition, or morphology that render plants resistant to attack by others. we explored plant-mediated interspecific interactions between the potato leafhopper (empoasca fabae) and the colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata), two important pests on potatoes. leafhoppers colonize fields in advance of beetles, and thus the possibility exists that previous feeding by leafhoppers ... | 2006 | 16826986 |
| yield and forage quality of glandular-haired alfalfa under alfalfa weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae) and potato leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) pest pressure in virginia. | cultivars of glandular-haired alfalfa, medicago sativa l., such as '54h69', are currently available and marketed as being resistant to potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris) (hemiptera: cicadellidae). 54h69 and a standard, nonglandular-haired alfalfa 'choice' were evaluated at two locations in virginia over a 3-yr period. dry matter yields and concentrations of crude protein and acid detergent fiber were compared at the first, second, and third harvests. overall, the two cultivars produced s ... | 2006 | 16937677 |
| glandular trichomes of solanum berthaultii and its hybrids with solanum tuberosum affect nymphal emergence, development, and survival of empoasca fabae (homoptera: cicadellidae). | the influence of foliar glandular trichomes on developmental biology of the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris) (homoptera: cicadellidae), was examined by selective removal of trichomes on resistant and susceptible potato germplasm comprising two glandular trichome-bearing genotypes (pi 473331 and pi 473334) of wild potato, solanum berthaultii (hawkes), two interspecific hybrids of s. berthaultii with solanum tuberosum l. (q174-2 and ny123), and two commercial s. tuberosum cultivars ('elb ... | 2006 | 16937707 |
| physiological response of glandular-haired alfalfa to potato leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) injury. | plant tolerance to herbivory is a key approach for managing pests. in alfalfa, medicago sativa, the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae, is a major pest as a result of the cascade of plant responses to piercing-sucking injury. to identify tolerance to its injury based on alfalfa physiology, experiments were conducted in the field and greenhouse. in our comparison of the response of field-grown alfalfa cultivars to standardized leafhopper densities, net photosynthesis and transpiration rates of 'ge ... | 2007 | 17349134 |
| variation in tolerance and resistance to the leafhopper empoasca fabae (hemiptera: cicadellidae) among potato cultivars: implications for action thresholds. | the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris) (hemiptera: cicadellidae), is an emerging pest of potato and insecticide applications to control this insect have increased in recent years. based on field observations of leafhopper-crop dynamics, however, currently recommended action thresholds seem to be overly conservative. as a result, we initiated two experiments designed to quantify the impact of leafhoppers on potato yield, and determine how the magnitude of this effect changes among cultiva ... | 2008 | 18613600 |
| the costs of anti-herbivore defense traits in agricultural crop plants: a case study involving leafhoppers and trichomes. | the expression of plant defenses is thought to entail costs (e.g., the allocation of resources away from growth or reproduction) that constrain the evolution of plant genotypes maximally defended against herbivores. although central to the ecological theory underlying plant-insect interactions at large, the concept of defense costs is particularly evident in agricultural crops where plants may be under simultaneous selection for enhanced growth and/or reproduction (i.e., yield) and anti-herbivor ... | 2009 | 19544730 |
| resistance of wild solanum accessions to aphids and other potato pests in quebec field conditions. | two experiments were done to determine the susceptibility of six wild potato accessions to the aphids macrosiphum euphorbiae (thomas) (hemiptera: aphididae) and myzus persicae (sulzer). densities of aphid colonies were compared between caged solanum pinnatisectum dunal (solanales: solanaceae), s. polyadenium greenmam, s. tarijense hawkes, s. infundibuliforme philippi, s. oplocense hawkes, and s. stoloniferum schlechted and bouché, and the commercially cultivated potato plant s. tuberosum l. cv. ... | 2010 | 21054161 |
| comparison of foliar and soil formulations of neonicotinoid insecticides for control of potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (homoptera: cicadellidae), in wine grapes. | the potential of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides to control potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris), a damaging pest of wine grapes in the eastern united states, was investigated. soil or foliar applications were made to potted or field-grown vines, and the response of leafhoppers was determined in clip cages over the following month on young or mature leaves. | 2011 | 21268231 |
| Host suitability and gas exchange response of grapevines to potato leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). | Although potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is highly polyphagous, classic host studies do not recognize grapevines (Vitis spp.), as suitable hosts. Recently, injury has been reported and reproduction documented within grape vineyards, suggesting a host expansion for the leafhopper. To document this apparent expansion in host use, we determined whether grape plants were suitable hosts for potato leafhopper reproduction, measured the consequence of feeding injur ... | 2011 | 21882698 |
| effects of nitrogen fertilization on potato leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) and maple spider mite (acari: tetranychidae) on nursery-grown maples. | although leaf nitrogen (n) has been shown to increase the suitability of hosts to herbivorous arthropods, the responses of these pests to n fertilization on susceptible and resistant host plants are not well characterized. this study determined how different rates of n fertilization affected injury caused by the potato leafhopper (empoasca fabae harris) and the abundance of maple spider mite (oligonychus aceris (shimer)) on 'red sunset' red maple (acer rubrum) and 'autumn blaze' freeman maple (a ... | 2015 | 26470249 |
| effect of drive row ground covers on hop (rosales: cannabaceae) yard arthropod pests in vermont, usa. | alternatives to pesticides are necessary for the management of hop (humulus lupulus l.) arthropod pests. the three major arthropod pests in northeastern us hop production include two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch, hop aphid phorodon humuli (schrank), and potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae harris. this 3-yr study (2012-2014) in vermont investigated the effect of flowering ground covers on arthropod pest abundance. hop cultivars 'nugget' and 'cascade' were evaluated under a strip-sp ... | 2017 | 28334066 |
| a checklist of the leafhoppers of iran (hemiptera: auchenorrhyncha: <br />cicadellidae). | a list of cicadellidae (leafhoppers) of iran is provided based primarily on literature records from 1902 to the present. in total 390 species are recorded from 13 subfamilies. ninety three of the recorded species are considered to be endemic to iran. the current accepted name is given for each species together with synonyms and literature citations relating to iran. selenocephalus darei is recognized as a published misspelling for selenocephalus dareicus dlabola, 1981. there is no evidence that ... | 2016 | 27395523 |
| revisiting the economic injury level and economic threshold model for potato leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) in alfalfa. | the economic injury level for potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris), in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) was developed over 30 yr ago. in response to increasing market value of alfalfa, farmers and consultants are interested in reducing the economic threshold for potato leafhopper in alfalfa. to address this question, caged field trials were established on two consecutive potato leafhopper susceptible crops in 2013. field cages were infested with a range of potato leafhopper densities to create ... | 2015 | 26470316 |
| population responses of potato leafhopper (hemiptera: cicadellidae) to insecticide in glandular-haired and non-glandular-haired alfalfa cultivars. | conflicting results have been reported on the ability of glandular-haired alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) cultivars to reduce potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae harris, population abundance in field environments. we measured potato leafhopper adult and nymph abundance and yield responses in a cultivar selected for high potato leafhopper resistance ('54h91') and in a non-glandular-haired susceptible cultivar ('54v54') with and without insecticide treatment across 3 yr. treatments included no insectic ... | 2014 | 26470072 |
| population dynamics of empoasca fabae (hemiptera: cicadellidae) in central iowa alfalfa fields. | adults and nymphs of empoasca fabae harris (hemiptera: cicadellidae) and adults of predatory species in the families coccinellidae, anthocoridae, nabidae, chrysopidae, and hemerobiidae were sampled in iowa alfalfa fields from june to september in 1999 and 2000. the relationship between each predatory taxa and e. fabae was examined using regression analysis. in 2000, all predators were found to be positively correlated with the presence of e. fabae during all periods sampled and most likely contr ... | 2015 | 26320260 |
| climate change and phenology: empoasca fabae (hemiptera: cicadellidae) migration and severity of impact. | climate change can benefit individual species, but when pest species are enhanced by warmer temperatures agricultural productivity may be placed at greater risk. we analyzed the effects of temperature anomaly on arrival date and infestation severity of potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae harris, a classic new world long distance migrant, and a significant pest in several agricultural crops. we compiled e. fabae arrival dates and infestation severity data at different states in usa from existing li ... | 2015 | 25970705 |
| effects of pesticide application on arthropod pests of nursery-grown maples. | insecticides used against potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris) (homoptera: cicadellidae), have been reported to cause problems with maple spider mite, oligonychus aceris (shimer) (acarina: tetranychidae), on nursery-grown 'red sunset' red maple and 'autumn blaze' freeman maple. to test this, we conducted two experiments on field-grown trees in nurseries. in the first, the effects of early-season pesticide applications were examined during 2009. the second experiment was conducted in 2010 t ... | 2014 | 24772553 |
| transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae. | the potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae, is a pest of economic crops in the united states and canada, where it causes damage known as hopperburn. saliva, along with mechanical injury, leads to decreases in gas exchange rates, stunting and chlorosis. although e. fabae saliva is known to induce plant responses, little knowledge exists of saliva composition at the molecular level. we subjected the salivary glands of e. fabae to roche 454-pyrosequencing which resulted significant number (30,893) of ex ... | 2012 | 23063500 |
| relative resistance or susceptibility of maple (acer) species, hybrids and cultivars to six arthropod pests of production nurseries. | maples (acer spp.) in production nurseries are vulnerable to numerous arthropod pests that can stunt or even kill the young trees. seventeen cultivars representing various acer species and hybrids were evaluated for extent of infestation or injury by shoot and trunk borers (proteoteras aesculana, chrysobothris femorata), potato leafhopper (empoasca fabae), japanese beetle (popillia japonica), maple spider mite (oligonychus aceris) and calico scale (eulecanium cerasorum). evaluations were done in ... | 2013 | 22865707 |
| soil application of neonicotinoid insecticides for control of insect pests in wine grape vineyards. | soil application of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides can provide opportunities for long-term control of insect pests in vineyards, with minimal risk of pesticide drift or worker exposure. this study compared the effectiveness of neonicotinoid insecticides applied via irrigation injection on key early-season and mid-season insect pests of vineyards in the eastern united states. | 2012 | 22290809 |
| mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinone insecticides: from discovery to triflumezopyrim and dicloromezotiaz. | one of the greatest global challenges is to feed the ever-increasing world population. the agrochemical tools growers currently utilize are also under continuous pressure, due to a number of factors that contribute to the loss of existing products. mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones are an unusual yet very intriguing class of compounds. known for several decades, this class of compounds had not been systemically studied until we started our insecticide discovery program. this account provides ... | 2017 | 28825462 |