| methanol oxidation by the nad-specific dehydrogenase of methane-assimilating yeasts. | the activity of nad-specific dehydrogenase (nad-dh) capable of methanol oxidation was found in cell-free extracts of methanol assimilating yeast cultures pichia pinus and candida boidinii. the optimum ph of the incubation mixture for the enzyme is 7.8--7.9; the value of km of the enzyme for methanol is 1.4-10(-4) m in p. pinus and 1.04-10(-3) m in c. boidinii. nad-dh is absent from the cells cultivated on glucose, and is induced with growth on a medium containing methanol. | 1977 | 16199 |
| a method for staining infection hyphae in pine leaves. | fungus-inoculated pinus radiata leaves were fixed and then stained with periodic acid-schiff reagent. pieces of leaf with fungal material on the surface were removed. these pieces were stained in lactophenol cotton blue for a few minutes and then mounted in dilute lactophenol cotton blue. microscopic examination of fungal material inside and outside the mounted leaf pieces revealed the following: condidia and germ tubes on the leaf surface were red, appressoria remained unstained, and infection ... | 1976 | 59411 |
| differential staining of tannin in sections of epoxy-embedded plant cells. | a staining procedure is described for the light microscopic localization of ergastic tannins in epoxy sections of plant cells embedded for study by transmission electron microscopy. callus and cell suspensions of pseudotsuga menziesii and pinus taeda fixed in glutaraldehyde:acrolein and then oso4, followed by epoxy embedding, were sectioned 0.5 mum thick, stained on a glass slide with ethanolic sudan black b at 60 c as described by bronner, and then mounted in karo syrup. tannin deposits stained ... | 1976 | 60805 |
| effect of the culture medium and incubation time on auxins production by bacteria isolated from the roots of pine seedlings (pinus silvestris l.). | studies were performed on the effect of culture medium and incubation time on the production of auxins by bacteria. the bacteria studied produced more auxins in the mineral medium containing glucose and tryptophan than in that enriched with casamino acids and yeast extract. the amount of auxins elaborated depended both upon the strain and the age of the culture. some strains produced the largest amounts of these substances after 7 days of incubation while others required a longer period. most of ... | 1976 | 65104 |
| synthesis of auxins from tryptophan and tryptophan-precursors by fungi isolated from mycorrhizae of pine (pinus silvestris l.). | fungi isolated from mycorrhizae of pine required tryptophan for auxin synthesis. more auxins were found in culture grown with pyrogallol than in those without this compound. the fungi studied produced also auxins from other than tryptophan compounds. indole employed with serine was more suitable for the production of auxins than indole or anthranilic acid used separately. the active compounds showing auxin activity were located on the chromatograms at rf 0.2--0.4 and 0.3--0.5 with the solvent sy ... | 1977 | 70970 |
| induction of listeria monocytogenes infection by the consumption of ponderosa pine needles. | an infectious microorganism, identified as listeria monocytogenes, has been isolated from the bloodstream of pregnant mice fed a diet containing pinus ponderosa needles. when the isolate was injected into pregnant mice, reproductive dysfunction and other changes, including speckled livers, spleen atrophy, and hemorrhagic intestines, appeared to mimic the signs of the disease in pregnant mice fed pine needles. moreover, these pathological changes are similar to those observed in cattle and other ... | 1979 | 113341 |
| environmental dermatitis: contact dermatitis from pinus radiata. | various forms of contact dermatitis from pinus radiata sawdust are described and illustrated by three cases. the sawdust causes industrial dermatitis which can be chronic and the purpose of the paper is to alert australian practitioners. | 1977 | 142900 |
| [demonstrating the localization of hemoproteins by an electron cytochemical method]. | the dynamics of division and interphase cell size in the growing ovule of pinus silvestris was studied on histological slides in the year of fertilization. a constant extension in size of dividing cells of the endosperm was shown which, in this respect, do not differ much from the interphase ones. cell division and elongation in this tissue occur simultaneously to be completed only with the transition of cell to differentiation. the size extention of the dividing cell does not influence the freq ... | 1977 | 197668 |
| isolation, characterization and distribution of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate from pinus radiata. | cyclic amp was extracted in 0.1 m-hcl from tissues of pinus radiata and purified by gel filtration on sephadex g-10, and chromatography on dowex ag1 (x2) and polyethyleneimine-cellulose in two separate solvent systems. presumptive cyclic amp from 10kg batches of pine needles was characterized by countercurrent distribution in the presence of cyclic [8-3h]amp. statistical analysis of the curves for radioactivity and mass (determined by the gilman competitive-binding assay) showed that the fit of ... | 1978 | 217358 |
| [isolation and properties of merodiploid strains with f-factor including the pts-region of the escherichia coli k-12 chromosome]. | a technique of hybridization of haploid methanol-utilizing yeast pichia pinus mh4 is worked out using uv- and n-nitrosoguanidine-induced auxotrophic mutants. vegetative diploid cultures are isolated. tetrad analysis and random spore analysis have revealed a meiotic nature of spores, recombination of genetic material in the process of sporulation and the chromosomal nature of some mutations. a possibility to construct a genetic map of the yeast pichia pinus mh4 is demonstrated on the basis of tet ... | 1977 | 330316 |
| [inactivating effect of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine on yeasts with different ploidies]. | haploid and diploid strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae, sacch. ellipsoideus and pichia pinus were studied. differences in n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng) sensitivity were detected both between haploids and diploids of the same species and between the corresponding strains of different species. survival curves after mnng treatment of all strains irrespectively of ploidy were exponential with "a tail". all the strains also exhibited the delayed appearance of clones from mnng-treated c ... | 1978 | 363506 |
| [comparative study of the protein makeup in diploid and haploid forms of saccharomyces and pichia]. | the rates of growth, biomass accumulation, and electrophoretic spectra of mobile cytoplasmic proteins were studied with nonisogenous haploid and diploid cultures of saccharomyces cerevisiae and pichia guilliermondii as well as with isogenous haploid-diploid pairs of saccharomyces cerevisiae and pichia pinus. on a mineral medium with glucose, differences in these parameters in various yeast strains were found to be due to the genotype of a strain rather than to ploidy: nonisogenous haploid and di ... | 1979 | 384183 |
| inheritance of isozyme variation and heterozygosity in pinus ponderosa. | techniques are presented to detect 23 isozyme loci in the long-lived perennial plant, ponderosa pine. meiotically derived megagametophyte from seeds is used to examine directly the segregation of allelic variants. approximately seven seeds were initially examined for 12 enzymes from each of 47 trees from ten stands throughout the northern rocky mountain region. additional seeds were also examined from selected families to confirm the inheritance of observed electrophoretic variants at 13 polymor ... | 1979 | 486070 |
| [the fitting of an empirical, time-dependent direction component for vertical growth, represented by the example of the scotch pine (pinus silvestris l.)]. | the object of this work is to offer to model of sloboda, who demanded 5 conditions on a model for the growth of trees. one equation satisfying this conditions is considered. the fitting is demonstrated by an example. | 1979 | 550996 |
| [patterns in the cellular organization of ovule growth in the pine, pinus silvestris l. i. growth processes in endosperm]. | the dynamics of growth processes was studied in the endosperm of pinus silvestris during the year of fertilization. the growth of endosperm is described by an diauxic curve where the period of delay corresponds, by time, to fertilization. the growth of tissue proceeds, mainly, at the expense of cell proliferation. the mitotic activity is preserved in the endosperm till the beginning of formation of reserve substances in the cells; cell division and elongation occur simultaneously. the unfavourab ... | 1977 | 560659 |
| atmospheric pollen in the area of athens. | in this paper the results of an investigation on the pollen grains in the atmosphere of athens, greece, are presented. the work was carried out between june 1973 and august 1974. a gravity sampler, of the durham type, was placed on the roof of king paul athens general hospital. slides covered with vaseline were exposed to the air for 24 h every day during the above-mentioned period. after staining , the pollen on each slide was counted in an area of 1.375 cm2 under a light microscope. the result ... | 1977 | 577084 |
| effects of antibiotics on uv-stimulated tube growth of pinus silvestris pollen. | studies were made to investigate the effects of different antibiotics on unirradiated pollen and on pollen with enhanced tube growth, stimulated by low doses of uv-light. the antibiotics mitomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracyclin, penicillin, nystatin and carbony-cyanid phenylhydrazon were not able to suppress tube growth stimulation of pine pollen. the data obtained are discussed in view of the stimulation mechanism of low doses of uvp-light. | 1977 | 594318 |
| studies on atmospheric pollens in the philippines. | the predominant pollen in the philippines is the grass pollen, followed by mimosa, moraceae, cyperaceae, lower vascular plants spores, amaranth, coconut, tiliaceae, pinus, compositae and alnus (in decreasing order of significance). the atmospheric pollen pollution in quezon city is heavy in november, december and january; in los banos during january, february, march, april, june and november; and in baguio city during february, march, april and may. compared to the density of pollution in these ... | 1978 | 629427 |
| cytological study of inhibitory effects of iaa on the root growth in the pinus silvestris. | it has been found that iaa at the concentrations 0.1--10.0 ppm retards the pine root growth and decreases mitotic activity. all the applied concentrations of this hormone cause a decrease of the 3h-thymidine incorporation index and inhibit endomitotic polyploidization in suprameristematic segments. the mean time of the cell cycle prolongs and the heterogeneity of cellular populations increases in parallel with the increase of iaa concentration. the template activity of dna decreases under the in ... | 1978 | 658830 |
| [growth of micromycetes from different taxonomic groups on medium with lignin from pine (pinus silvestris)]. | | 1978 | 683027 |
| characterization of the bacterial flora associated with root systems of pinus contorta var. latifolia. | root systems of young and mature lodgepole pine (pinus contorta dougl. var. latifolia englem.) were removed from forest stands and the associated aerobic bacterial flora isolated. characterization of rhizoplane and control soil isolates from these tree root systems demonstrated differences from that reported for agricultural crops. ammonifying, proteolytic, and amylolytic organisms were proportionately reduced within the rhizoplane. the rhizoplane organisms grew more slowly than the control soil ... | 1978 | 747813 |
| the suitability of various types of dung and vegetable matter as larval breeding media for stomoxys calcitrans l. (diptera: muscidae). | the dung of 7 species of domestic animals, 4 plant materials, standard larval breeding medium and 3 mixtures of some of these materials were evaluated as breeding media for stomoxys calcitrans larvae. s. calcitrans could not breed in pure chicken dung or in either of the 2 types of sawdust tested, but pinus spp. sawdust plus chicken dung proved an excellent breeding medium. of the other media tested, pennisetum spp. clippings were the least favourable for the development of s. calcitrans larvae. ... | 1978 | 754124 |
| some physiological observations on the uptake of d-glucose and 2-deoxy-d-glucose by starving and exponentially-growing yeasts. | some methods for measuring the uptake of sugars by yeasts were investigated critically. a study was made of the effects of starvation of pichia pinus, candida utilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and rhodosporidium toruloides on their uptake of d-glucose and 2-deoxy-d-glucose. marked changes in the rates of uptake of these sugars occured during 10 h of starvation, including (a) an immediate increase of up to 75% above that for growing cells and (b) a continuous decline to as little as 4%. each yeast ... | 1976 | 797335 |
| production of gibberellin-like substances by bacteria and fungi isolated from the roots of pine seedlings (pinus silvestris l.). | the production of gibberellin-like substances by bacteria and fungi was investigated. a considerable number of the microorganisms studied produced these substances (55 and 86% of bacterial and fungal isolates respectively). most of the organisms tested synthesized biologically active substances located on the chromatograms with the solvent system benzene, acetic acid (10:3 v/v) at rf 0.05--0.3. the ammount of gibberellin-like substances produced varied in the range 0.00007--0.00065 ga3 equivalen ... | 1975 | 811087 |
| studies on the physiology of pollen and pollen tube growth. 1. pinus roxburghii. | pollen grains and pollen tubes of pinus roxburghii were subjected to histochemical technique with a view to determining the distributional pattern of reserve substances (ascorbic acid, proteins starch, polysaccharides, nucleic acids) and some enzymes (acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, peroxidase, esterase, cytochrome oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase). an attempt is made to correlate the activity of different enzymes in relation to pollen tube growth. | 1976 | 823783 |
| delayed conversion of squalene to sterols during development of pinus pinea seeds. | during germination of seeds of the gymnosperm, pinus pinea, radioactivity from [2-14c]-mevalonate proceeded principally through the anaerobic reactions leading to squalene in the first 24 hr in both the haploid endosperm and the diploid embryo, and only with succeeding time (3-9 days) in both cases was label transferred to sterols in oxygen-requiring steps. the rates of turnover must be real and independent in the two tissues, since no consequential interchange of labelled lipids occurred betwee ... | 1977 | 853880 |
| tree host range and world distribution of the extomycorrhizal fungus pisolithus tinctorius. | the natural occurrence of pisolithus tinctorius has been confirmed in 33 countries of the world and in 38 states in the united states. this ectomycorrhizal fungus is found associated with various tree species in nurseries, urban areas, orchards, forests, and strip-mined spoils. experiments have proved that this fungal symbiont forms ectomycorrhizae with abies procera, betula pendula, carya illnoensis, 11 species of eucalyptus, 30 species of pinus, pseudotsuga menziesii var. meniziesii, 2 species ... | 1977 | 856419 |
| the constitutents of conifer needles. vi. phenolic glycosides from pinus sylvestris. | | 1977 | 860630 |
| [patterns in the cellular organization of ovule growth in the pine, pinus silvestris l. ii. growth processes in nucellus and integument]. | the dynamics of growth processes was studied in the integument and nucellus of pinus silvestris during the year of fertilization. the growth of two parts of the nucellus and integument under study is described by an s-shaped curve but the dynamics of growth processes and the ratio of cell reproduction and elongation differ in each tissue. the growth of micropylar part of the nucellus and integument proceeds, mainly at the expense of cell proliferation. at the first stages of growth the cell size ... | 1977 | 882243 |
| effects of certain cations on the formation and infectivity of phytophthora zoospores. 1. effects of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and iron ions. | the effects of four cations, ca2+, mg2+, k+, and fe3+, upon the production of zoosporangia by isolates of four species of phytophthora in axenic culture have been investigated. a response surface design was used to examine main effects and possible interactions. responses to ca2+ and fe3+ were strongly quadratic with the higher concentrations inhibiting sporangial production in p. cinnamomi and p. drechsleri isolates. responses to mg2+ and k+ were weaker and, in the case of magnesium, were linea ... | 1977 | 890608 |
| on variation, inheritance and chemical interrelationships of monoterpenes in scots pine (pinus silvestris l.). | | 1976 | 942113 |
| separation of isoenzymes of acid phosphatase from needles of pinus silvestris by partition in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. | | 1976 | 948965 |
| microbial degradation of condensed tannins. | a strain of penicillium adametzi zaleski was isolated from enrichment cultures with condensed tannins as the carbon source. low-molecular-weight condensed tannins, extracted and purified from pinus radiata bark, were used as substrates for quantitative growth measurements on this fungus in defined culture conditions. | 1976 | 959828 |
| biochemical changes in pinus pinea seeds. iii. the effect of growth substances and steroidal hormones on nucleic acids. | the effects of exogenous growth factors (indolacetic acid, gibberellic acid and kinetin and steroidal hormones (estrone, estradiol and testosterone on the germination pattern of pinus pinea seeds were studied. nucleic acids metabolism during the stages before germination, has also been investigated. seeds sown in the presence of all these substances, showed a higher growth rate and a higher germination degree than their respective controls; kinetin and estradiol were the most active factors. th ... | 1976 | 981778 |
| [studies on the physiological behavior of pinus merkusii jungh. and pinus massoniana lamb]. | the formation and the function of the resin channels result from processes in the history of development; differences between various pine varieties must be traced to differentiation processes in the history of development. longer flowing duration, higher reformation speed and reduced crystallization are properties which make pinus merkusii especially suited for systematic resin production. pinus merkusii does not react to treatment with weak acids or biologically effective stimulants, like yeas ... | 1976 | 985304 |
| s-formylgluthathione: the substrate for formate dehydrogenase in methanol-utilizing yeasts. | formaldehyde dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase were purified 45- and 16-fold, respectively, from hansenula polymorpha grown on methanol. formaldehyde dehydrogenase was strictly dependent on nad and glutathione for activity. the km values of the enzyme were found to be 0.18 mm for glutathione, 0.21 mm for formaldehyde and 0.15 mm for nad. the enzyme catalyzed the glutathione-dependent oxidation of formaldehyde to s-formylglutathione. the reaction was shown to be reversible: at ph 8.0 a km o ... | 1976 | 1015961 |
| carbohydrate binding specificity of the lectin from the pea (pisum sativum). | hapten inhibition measurements on the precipitin reaction between pisum sativum lectin and pichia pinus phosphomannan showed the lectin to bind d-mannose, d-glucose, d-fructose and l-sorbose. unmodified hydroxyl groups at the c-4 and the c-6 positions of the d-glucopyranose ring were essential for binding to the protein. modification of the c-2 hydroxyl group was allowed in the d-glucopyranose ring but not in the d-mannopyranose configuration. substitution of the hydroxyl hydrogen atom at the c- ... | 1975 | 1122297 |
| biochemical changes in pinus pinea seeds. ii. the stimulation is isocitrate lyase and malate dehydrogenase activities by exogenous growth substances. | treatment of intact pine seeds with plant hormones and steroid substances for several days, after an initial 24 hour immersion in different hormone solutions, resulted in a substantial increase in the specific activity of isocitrate lyase and malate dehydrogenase than the observed in the corresponding control solutions. fresh weights did not show any increase, because water uptake was reduced in presence of plant hormones (indolacetic acid, kinetine and giberellic acid). however, dry weights wer ... | 1975 | 1162160 |
| isocitrate lyase activities in pinus pinea seeds. | some features of cytoplasmic and glyoxysomal isocitrate lyase obtained from stratified and germinated p. pinea seeds, respectively, are described. both activities showed a different electrophoretic mobility on cellulose acetate and elution behaviour on sephadex g-200. cycloheximide inhibited the increase of both activities during the first days of germination. chloramphenicol did not show the same effect. | 1975 | 1162170 |
| production of auxins by bacteria isolated from the roots of pine seedlings (pinus silvestris l.). | qualitative and quantitative studies were carried out on the production of auxins by coryneform bacteria, the only bacterial types isolated from roots of pine seedlings. almost all isolates were capable of producing auxins in tryptophan containing media. in media without this amino acid only trace or no auxins were produced. most of the bacteria studied synthesized auxins located on the chromatograms run with isopropanol, ammonia, water (10:1:1 v/v) at rf 0.3--0.5. moreover substances with rf va ... | 1975 | 1166831 |
| production of gibberellin-like substances by fungi isolated from mycorrhizae of pine (pinus silvestris/l.). | gibberellin-like substances were found to be produced by fungi isolated from mycorrhizae of pine. among the isolates studied gibberellin-like substances producers were most numerous among the basidiomycetes forming ectotrophic mycorrhiza and among non-sporulating fungi forming no mycorrhiza. in most strains the gibberellin-like subtances were elaborated after 10--20 days of incubation. the rf values of the gibberellin-like compounds were different in various strains, but in most of them substanc ... | 1975 | 1172649 |
| the entry of d-ribose into some yeasts of the genus pichia. | the utilization of d-ribose by yeasts of the genus pichia was examined with respect to aerobic growth, respiration and entry of ribose into the cells. pichia etchellsii (cbs2011) could respire d-ribose, but not use it for aerobic growth. pichia fermentans (cbs187) neither respired nor grew on d-ribose, though it entered the cells of this yeast either by simple diffusion, or possibly, by the d-glucose carrier, this having a very low affinity for d-ribose. pichia pinus (cbs5097) respired and grew ... | 1975 | 1176959 |
| effect of dose rate and exposure time on the stimulation effect of tube growth of pinus silvestris pollen. | the stimulating effect of ionizing radiation in respect to dose rate and exposure time was studied using the tube growth of pinus silvestris pollen. stimulation was registered with a small dose (50 rad) supplied at low dose rates (0.5; 1.0; 3.0 and 5.0 rad/sec) and with higher doses (300, 800 and 1400 rad) supplied at higher dose rates (10; 40 and 50 rad/sec). this suggests that only the exposure time is of importance for radiation-induced stimulation provided that the exposure time does not exc ... | 1975 | 1178825 |
| inheritance of glutamate-oxalate-transaminases (got) from needles and endosperms of pinus sylvestris. | | 1975 | 1184411 |
| variation and inheritance of some monoterpenes in pinus silvestris. | | 1975 | 1197436 |
| microbial utilization of pinus radiata bark. | a screening program using suspensions of ground bark in mineral salts media, or extracts prepared from ground bark by treating with hot water, sulfuric acid, ammonium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide, yielded more than 200 pure cultures of fungi, yeasts, and bacteria. only 38 of these have good growth on liquid bark media. all were filamentous fungi, although many bacteria and yeasts were among the cultures that failed to give appreciable growth. species of penicillium, scopulariopsis, aspergillu ... | 1975 | 1200627 |
| rapid biochemical test for seed germinability. | sugar and aminoacids were investigated in sterile distilled water after pinus pinea seeds had been soaked in it during 24 hours at 37 degrees c. germination viability decreased with the ageing of the seeds and was accompanied by sugar and aminoacids increase in the exudate. the sugar content from seeds with loss of germinability was about 50 to 80 times greater than that from seeds with good germinability. paper chromatography showed that there was an increase in mono, di, oligosaccharides and a ... | 1975 | 1215622 |
| in vivo effects of octanoate and oleate on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase during germination of pinus pinea seeds. | during our investigation on the effect of some fatty acids on the germination of pinus pinea seeds (vincenzini et al., 1973), we noted a marked decrease of g6pdh activity when octanoate or oleate were added to the culture medium. in an attempt to provide biochemical information on the effect of free fatty acids on g6pdh activity, in vivo, during pinus pinea seeds germination, we tested different concentrations of octanoate and oleate added to the culture medium. moreover other enzymes of fundame ... | 1975 | 1218971 |
| quantitative assessment of the bacterial rhizosphere flora of pinus contorta var. latifolia. | the bacterial flora associated with root systems of young and mature lodgepole pine was investigated by sampling forest-grown trees. counts were performed and expressed on a surface-area basis to give a more realistic comparison of organism density or activity within the control soil, rhizosphere soil, and rhizoplane. on this basis, densities increased by an order of 10(4)- to 10(6)-fold from control soil to rhizoplane, with the degree of stimulation being inversely related to root radius. | 1975 | 1220866 |
| naturally occurring insect growth regulators. ii. screening of insect and plant extracts as insect juvenile hormone mimics. | ethereal extracts prepared from the larvae, pupae, or eggs of 10 species of insects and from various parts of 343 species of higher plants were screened for juvenilizing effects against tenebrio molitor and oncopeltus fasciatus. activity in both species was shown by an extract of the larvae of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans, whereas an extract of the pupae was active in o. fasiatus only. extracts of two plant species (echinacea angustifolia roots and chamaecyparis lawsoniana seeds) showed h ... | 1975 | 1221244 |
| synthesis of auxins by fungi isolated from the roots of pine seedings (pinus silvestris l.) and from soil. | synthesis of auxins by fungi grown with and without tryptophan has been studied. 26 out of 30 fungal strains produced detectable amounts of auxins in tryptophan contain media. 18 strains produced but very small amounts of auxins in media without this amino acid. by means of paper chromatography, chromogenic reagents and biotest three active substances could be distinguished. they were found on the chromatograms run with isopropanol, ammonia, water (10:1:1 v/v) at rf 0.05--0.2, 0.3--0.5 and 0.8-- ... | 1975 | 1227253 |
| effect of extraction of histones and their reconstitution on [3h] actinomycin d binding to isolated nuclei of the root of pinus silvestris. | the purpose of the study presented was to investigate the effect of the extraction of histones on the template activity of dna, measured by the autoradiographically evaluated intensity of [3h]actinomycin d ([3h]amd) binding. the study was carried out on nuclei isolated from the root meristem of pinus silvestris. histones were removed selectively from them and reconstituted in the nuclei deprived of these proteins. the greatest rise in radioactivity was found after the extraction of the arginine ... | 1976 | 1270026 |
| an account of the ticks of the northeastern of spain (acarina: ixodidae). | the tick species commonly collected at the northeast of spain are reported in this paper. data on hosts, temperature and humidity requirements, vegetation relationships, altitudinal distribution, and seasonal activity are included. r. sanguineus is commonly collected in areas with mediterranean vegetation, esteppe, and semi-desertic esteppe, ranging from 190 to 1,000 meters above the sea level. r. sanguineus is related with sparse vegetal areas, and it is absent from areas with dense shrub or fo ... | 1992 | 1290375 |
| a functional promoter shift of a chloroplast gene: a transcriptional fusion between a novel psba gene copy and the trnk (uuu) gene in pinus contorta. | a comparative transcription analysis of the chloroplast trnk-psba-trnh region of the two pine species pinus contorta and pinus sylvestris is reported. the chloroplast genome of p. contorta has previously been shown to contain a duplicated psba gene copy integrated closely upstream of the split trnk gene. this rearrangement has resulted in the gene order psbai-trnk-psbaii-trnh, where psbaii is the ancestral psba gene copy. in p. sylvestris, a species which lacks the psba duplication, transcriptio ... | 1992 | 1302639 |
| genetic transformation of the symbiotic basidiomycete fungus hebeloma cylindrosporum. | the pan7.1 plasmid containing the e. coli hygromycin b phosphotransferase gene was used to transform protoplasts of the ectomycorrhizal fungus hebeloma cylindrosporum. hygromycin-resistant transformants were selected at a frequency of one to five per micrograms of transforming dna. southern blot analyses revealed multiple copy integration of the transforming plasmid into the genome. the selection system was used to introduce other genes of interest by co-transformation. two plasmids, one contain ... | 1992 | 1319284 |
| suppression by a pine cone extract of pinus parviflora sieb et zucc of mammary tumour virus in milk of mice. | the intravenous or the oral administration of a pine cone extract of pinus parviflora sieb et zucc (fr vi) and the related synthetic agent (dhp-fa) to lactating shn mice prevented an increase of milk levels of mouse mammary tumour virus (mmtv) from day 7 to day 14 of lactation. furthermore, fr vi decreased the mmtv level at the 2nd lactation compared to the 1st lactation. this is the first report on the inhibition of milk mmtv of mice in the in vivo system. | 1992 | 1320357 |
| [chlorophyll synthesis in cotyledons after gamma ray irradiation of black pine seeds]. | the radiosensitivity of the greening system of pinus nigra arn. cotyledons has been studied in this paper. an exponential relation exists between the effect and dose for chlorophyll synthesis in the dark. chlorophyll synthesis in the light roughly parallels that of chlorophyll synthesis in the dark. the restoration of chlorophyll was observed both in the light and in the dark. a stimulative effect of low doses of gamma radiation on chlorophyll synthesis was noticed. the radiosensitivity of chlor ... | 1992 | 1340484 |
| characterization of cdnas encoding cuzn-superoxide dismutases in scots pine. | a scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) cdna library was screened with two heterologous cdna probes (p31 and t10) encoding cytosolic and chloroplastic superoxide dismutases (sod) from tomato. several positive clones for cytosolic and chloroplastic superoxide dismutases were isolated, subcloned, mapped and sequenced. one of the cdna clones (ps3) had a full-length open reading frame of 465 bp corresponding to 154 amino acid residues and showed approximately 85% homology with the amino acid sequences of ... | 1992 | 1371406 |
| germination of seeds from an irradiated forest: implications for waste disposal. | jack pine (pinus banksiana lamb.) retain their seeds from year to year, so that in an irradiated forest, each tree receives a specific dose rate but has seeds that have accumulated a range of total doses. the field irradiator-gamma facility in pinawa, manitoba, contains jack pine that have been irradiated longer and at lower dose rates than previously reported. seed germination and germination rate were examined on seeds irradiated on the parent tree for up to 5 years. germination rate was most ... | 1992 | 1376236 |
| a single change of histidine to glutamine alters the substrate preference of a stilbene synthase. | stilbene and chalcone synthases are related polyketide synthases which use the same substrates but form different products. the environment of the condensing active site cysteine is highly conserved, except for the positions -2 and -3. all chalcone synthases contain gln-gln and prefer 4-coumaroyl-coa as starter coa ester, while the two known stilbene synthases contain gln-his or his-gln (preference phenylpropionyl-coa and 4-coumaroyl-coa, respectively). we investigated whether the presence and/o ... | 1992 | 1400374 |
| multiple immunological functions of extracts from the cone of japanese white pine, pinus parviflora sieb. et zucc. | | 1992 | 1414602 |
| [gc-ms analysis of essential oils in needles of pinus in northeastern china]. | the essential oils of five species of pinus (p. densiflora, p. sylvestris var. mongolica, p. sylvestris var. sylvestriformis, p. tabulaeformis and p. takahasii) have been analysed by gc-ms. fifty compounds have been identified. | 1992 | 1418539 |
| stilbene synthase from scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | stilbene synthases are named according to their substrate preferences. by this definition, enzymes preferring cinnamoyl-coa are pinosylvin synthases, and proteins with a preference for phenylpropionyl-coa are dihydropinosylvin synthases. we investigated the assignment of a stilbene synthase cloned from scots pine (pinus sylvestris) as dihydropinosylvin synthase and the proposal of an additional pinosylvin synthase [1992, plant mol. biol. 18, 489-503]. the results show that the previous interpret ... | 1992 | 1426272 |
| [cellular microbiosensors for methanol and ethanol determination on the basis of ph-sensitive field transistors]. | cellular sensors for methanol and ethanol determination were developed using immobilized mutant cells of methylotrophic yeasts hansenula polymorpha and pichia pinus (able to extrude protons in the presence of alcohol) and ph-sensitive field effect transistors (ph-sfets). the intact cells of yeasts were immobilized in ca-alginate gel to obtain a biomembrane. the minimal detectable response was obtained to approximately 0.5 mm of methanol and ethanol, a linear dependence of biosensor's response on ... | 1992 | 1440974 |
| studies on the allergenicity of baltic amber. | baltic amber is a fossil resin deposited 36-7 million years ago and one source may be the extinct tree pinites (pinus) succinifer. palaeobotanical studies of amber have an extensive literature, but the aspect of allergenicity has not been addressed before. the aim of our study was to present the results from sensitization studies with baltic amber and to discuss these in view of possible cross-reactivity with contact allergens in colophony. it is concluded that allergens found in colophony can a ... | 1992 | 1451486 |
| pine stilbene synthase cdna, a tool for probing environmental stress. | stilbene synthase cdnas were isolated from a pine (pinus sylvestris) cdna library. poly(a)+rna required for the preparation was obtained from young seedlings challenged with botrytis cinerea. a full-length cdna encoding pinosylvin-forming stilbene synthase was sequenced, and the deduced amino acid sequence was compared with sequences of resveratrol-forming stilbene synthases. the cdna coding for the key enzyme of pinosylvin formation is a valuable tool for detecting early effects of environmenta ... | 1992 | 1451785 |
| anti-influenza virus activity of a lignin fraction from cone of pinus parviflora sieb. et zucc. | when mice were inoculated intranasally or intracerebrally with lethal doses of influenza virus a/wsn/33, most died within 12 days. however, the infectivity of virus that had been preincubated with a lignin prepared from cones of pinus parviflora sieb. et zucc. (pc-fr. vi) was significantly reduced. intraperitoneal or oral administration of pc-fr. vi, prior to virus inoculation, slightly increased the survival ratio of the infected mice. experiments using radiolabeled pc-fr. vi revealed that this ... | 1992 | 1457741 |
| effects of feeding ponderosa pine needles during pregnancy: comparative studies with bison, cattle, goats, and sheep. | four experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding dried pine needles (pinus ponderosa; pn) on the abortion rate of ruminants. in exp. 1, cattle were fed 5.4 kg of pn daily for 21 d starting at 116, 167, 215, or 254 d of pregnancy. the pn did not cause abortions when started at 116 d; thereafter, the percentage of cows that aborted increased linearly, and the interval to abortion decreased linearly (both p < .01); all cows fed pn beginning at 254 d aborted. in exp. 2, cattle were ... | 1992 | 1459912 |
| nadph: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductases in white pine (pinus strobus) and loblolly pine (p. taeda). evidence for light and developmental regulation of expression and conservation in gene organization and protein structure between angiosperms and gymnosperms. | nadph: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (pchlide reductase, ec 1.6.99.1) catalyzes the light-dependent reduction of protochlorophyllide in higher plants. cloned cdnas encoding two distinct pchlide reductases were isolated from a lambda gt11 library constructed from poly(a)+ rna prepared from the cotyledons of dark-grown white pine (pinus strobus) seedlings and a nuclear gene (lpcr) analogous to one of these cdnas has been characterized from loblolly pine (p. taeda). the pine gene encodes an ap ... | 1992 | 1494355 |
| [features of pine seedling growth under the effects of radiation]. | the growth of pinus sylvestris seedlings was delayed and polystem occurrence increased with chronic irradiation (a cumulative dose of external gamma-radiation was 6-8 gy in 1986 and 0.7 gy in 1990). the apical meristem activity was inhibited and central stem and main root died off under the effect of the radiation doses applied resulting in the development of plants of a specific floating form. | 1992 | 1496107 |
| producing a p1 bacteriophage library from pine: isolation and cloning of very high molecular weight dna. | we have generated a genomic p1 bacteriophage library using monterey pine (pinus radiata) dna. we first developed a method for isolating from pine tissue the very high molecular weight dna necessary for the preparation of libraries requiring large inserts. the method involves protoplasting the cells, isolating nuclei and lysis in a high concentration of detergent. fragments of greater than two megabases in size are produced in solution. modifications introduced to the protocol for library prepara ... | 1992 | 1515140 |
| ponderosa pine needle-induced parturition in cattle. | needles of the ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) induce premature parturition in cattle when ingested during late pregnancy, especially during the third trimester. the closer to term, the more likely that pine needles will induce parturition. experiments were designed to describe the clinical signs and behavior associated with ingestion of pine needles. pine needles adversely affected only pregnant cows and did not seem to affect nonpregnant, cycling cows, sheep, goats, or rabbits. premature part ... | 1992 | 1526928 |
| effects of ponderosa pine needle ingestion of uterine vascular function in late-gestation beef cows. | consumption of ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) needles (pn) by beef cows during late gestation results in premature delivery in association with profound constriction of the caruncular arterial bed. further, pn extracts and plasma from pn-fed cows increase uterine arterial tone in vitro. uterine arterial tone is a measure of the arterial resistance to stretch and controls the baseline rate of flow through the vascular bed. uterine arterial tone results from the uptake of extracellular ca2+ into ... | 1992 | 1526929 |
| molecular analysis of chalcone and dihydropinosylvin synthase from scots pine (pinus sylvestris), and differential regulation of these and related enzyme activities in stressed plants. | chalcone synthase (chs) and stilbene synthase (sts) are closely related polyketide synthases which are key enzymes in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and stilbenes. scots pine (pinus sylvestris) is an interesting plant for a direct comparison of the enzymes. it not only contains the usual flavonoids, but also an unusual chalcone derivative (pinocembrin), and it synthesizes stilbenes of the pinosylvin type. we analysed a chs and a sts by molecular cloning and functional expression in escherichia c ... | 1992 | 1536925 |
| response of epiphytic microflora from pinus sylvestris needles to alkaline deposition. | | 1992 | 1536997 |
| chloroplast dna of black pine retains a residual inverted repeat lacking rrna genes: nucleotide sequences of trnq, trnk, psba, trni and trnh and the absence of rps16. | a physical map of black pine (pinus thunbergii) chloroplast dna (120 kb) was constructed and two separate portions of its nucleotide sequence were determined. one portion contains trnq-uug, orf510, orf83, trnk-uuu (orf515 in the trnk intron), orf22, psba, trni-cau (on the opposing strand) and trnh-gug, in that order. sequence analysis of another portion revealed the presence of a 495 bp inverted repeat containing trni-cau and the 3' end of psba but lacking rrna genes. the position of trni-cau is ... | 1992 | 1557027 |
| antigenic cross-reactivity among monoterpene cyclases from grand fir and induction of these enzymes upon stem wounding. | a major wound response in grand fir (abies grandis) sapling stems is the rapid increase in monoterpene production at the site of injury. monoterpene cyclases (synthases) catalyze the formation of monoterpenes from geranyl pyrophosphate, and total cyclase activity increases markedly on wounding. at least six distinct cyclases, producing different monoterpene products, have been isolated from wounded grand fir saplings and characterized. the predominant wound-inducible cyclase produces both alpha- ... | 1992 | 1567222 |
| purification and characterization of wheat and pine small basic protein substrates for plant calcium-dependent protein kinase. | a wheat basic protein (wbp) was purified to homogeneity from wheat germ by a protocol involving extraction, centrifugation, batchwise elution from carboxymethylcellulose (cm-52), acidification with trifluoroacetic acid, neutralization and hplc on a sp5pw cation exchange column. wbp is a 10 kda protein and is phosphorylated on serine residues by wheat germ ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase (cdpk). [32p]phosphowbp exactly comigrates with wbp on sds-page. wbp does not inhibit either wheat germ cdpk o ... | 1992 | 1576154 |
| inhibitory effect of lignin-related pine cone extract on cell proliferating enzyme activity of spontaneous mammary tumours in mice. | a lignin-related cone extract of pine (pinus parviflora sieb et zucc) (frvi) or a synthetic lignin (dhp-fa) (175 micrograms/0.1 ml 0.9% nacl solution) was injected intravenously to shn mice bearing spontaneous mammary tumours three cycles each with consecutive 3 days of treatment and 4 days of interruption. activities of both thymidylate synthetase (ts) and thymidine kinase (tk), i.e., dna synthesizing enzymes in de novo and salvage pathways of pyrimidine metabolism, respectively, were apparentl ... | 1992 | 1580567 |
| efficient fermentation of pinus sp. acid hydrolysates by an ethanologenic strain of escherichia coli. | process conditions for the acid hydrolysis of pine hemicellulose and cellulose have been described which provide a biocompatible sugar solution. by using an improved strain of recombinant escherichia coli, strain ko11, hydrolysates supplemented with yeast extract and tryptone nutrients were converted to ethanol with an efficiency of 85% to over 100% on the basis of monomer sugar content (approximately 72 g/liter) and with the production of 35 g of ethanol per liter in 48 h. in the process descri ... | 1992 | 1599258 |
| a hemagglutinating substance in chitin. | chitin from crustacean shells has often been used to isolate and purify plant lectins that have an affinity for poly-n-acetylglucosamine (poly-glcnac). when we used washed chitin from crab shells as an affinity medium to isolate a lectin from pinus strobus l. (eastern white pine) ovules, we found that a substance having a strong capacity to agglutinate red blood cells was eluted from the chitin during a weak acid desorption step. the chitin agglutinin is a complex structure containing protein an ... | 1992 | 1616710 |
| structure of the pine (pinus thunbergii) chlorophyll a/b-binding protein gene expressed in the absence of light. | a gene for chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (cab) of pine (pinus thumbergii) was isolated and sequenced. the gene (cab-6) contains an intron at a position equivalent to the type ii cab genes of angiosperms. transcript mapping analyses show that the amount of the mrna in the dark is about half of that in the light. the cab-6 gene is expressed in dark-grown seedlings at a very high level, differing from angiosperm cab genes which are induced by light. the cab-6 gene typifies the coniferous plant ca ... | 1992 | 1623190 |
| effect of pine seed shell extract on microbial and viral infection. | pretreatment of mice with ammonia extract of seed shell of pinus koraicenis, via the intraperitoneal or intravenous route, effectively protected them from lethal infection of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus. the pine seed shell extract also moderately inhibited syncytium formation and cytopathogenic effect induced by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in cultured human lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-1) positive mt-4 cells. these data suggest a medicin ... | 1992 | 1627738 |
| the chloroplast genome of the gymnosperm pinus contorta: a physical map and a complete collection of overlapping clones. | overlapping restriction fragments of chloroplast dna from the conifer pinus contorta were cloned. out of a total of 49 clones, 33 comprise the minimum set required to represent the entire genome. using the purified inserts of these clones as probes in filter hybridizations, all sites for the three restriction enzymes kpni, hpai and saci in the p. contorta chloroplast genome were mapped. heterologous filter hybridizations and sequence analysis of some of the p. contorta clones were used to determ ... | 1991 | 1682061 |
| modification of human immunodeficiency viral replication by pine cone extracts. | we have shown previously that two fractions (pc6 and pc7) extracted from cones of the japanese white pine pinus parvifloria sieb. et zucc have potent immunopotentiating effects. here, we show that pc6 and pc7 inhibited hiv-1 replication (greater than 95%), in a dose-dependent manner, in chronically infected cr10/hiv-1 cells and in acute cytolytic hiv-1 infection of cem cells. treatment of cem cells, prior to or after acute infection with hiv-1, reduced subsequent viral production, but the best i ... | 1990 | 1691654 |
| isolation of functional rna from plant tissues rich in phenolic compounds. | a method for the isolation of rna from different tissues of trees (seedlings, saplings, and adult trees) is described. using this procedure it is possible to remove large amounts of disturbing polyphenolic compounds from nucleic acids. the method involves an acetone treatment of the freeze-dried and powdered plant material, the use of high salt concentrations in the extraction buffer and an aqueous two-phase system. these steps were combined with the conventional phenol/chloroform extraction and ... | 1991 | 1719845 |
| [competition of isogenic haploid and diploid cells of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and pichia pinus growing in mixed populations]. | during "quasi-continuous" cultivation in rich and minimal media diploid yeast cells of saccharomyces cerevisiae completely displace isogenic haploid ones. when pichia pinus are cultivated in the minimal medium, the diploids also have an advantage over isogenic haploids. the results are discussed within the framework of the hypothesis of fixation of diploid phase in the course of biological evolution. | 1991 | 1770869 |
| structure comparison and evolutionary relations between elongation factors ef-tu (ef-1 alpha) and sup 2 proteins. | on the basis of high homology and structural similarity, three genes, sup2 saccharomyces cerevisiae, sup2 pichia pinus and gst1 homo sapiens, might be considered as members of one family named sup2. comparison of the primary structure of sup2 proteins and elongation factors ef-tu(ef-1 alpha) from 19 different species was performed. it was found that sup2 proteins bear more homology to eukaryotic elongation factor than to procaryotic ef-tu, though the degree of sequence conservation in sup2 prote ... | 1991 | 1778473 |
| mycoflora associated with five species of freshwater leeches. | twenty-two species belonging to 11 genera of zoosporic fungi were collected from 10 freshwater sites and from five species of leeches on sesame and hemp seeds, maize grains and pinus pollen grains as baits at 22 degrees c. dictyuchus, achlya, pythium, allomyces and saprolegnia were the most common genera. the highest population of zoosporic fungi was estimated from batracobdelloides tricarinata, the lowest from barbronia assiuti. in addition fifty-three species and 1 variety representing 23 terr ... | 1991 | 1818104 |
| duplication of the psba gene in the chloroplast genome of two pinus species. | the psba gene, encoding the d1 protein of photosystem ii, was found to be duplicated in the chloroplast genome of two pine species, pinus contorta and p. banksiana. analysis of cloned overlapping restriction fragments of p. contorta chloroplast dna showed that the two psba genes have the same orientation and are separated by approximately 3.3 kb. the nucleotide sequences of the coding and the upstream regions of the two psba copies were found to be identical, whereas the downstream sequences div ... | 1991 | 1840637 |
| [pharmacological studies on the volatile oil isolated from the leaves of pinus pumila (pall.) regel]. | the sedative, analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of the volatile oil isolated from the leaves of pinus pumila are reported, the volatile oil being administered ip or po. the ip ld50 in mice was 0.577 +/- 0.056 ml/kg. | 1991 | 1883503 |
| evolutionary conservation of the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins: cdnas encoding type i, ii and iii lhc i polypeptides from the gymnosperm scots pine. | cdnas encoding three different lhc i polypeptides (type i, type ii and type iii) from the gymnosperm scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) were isolated and sequences. comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequences with the corresponding tomato sequences showed that all three proteins were highly conserved although less so than the lhc ii proteins. the similarities between mature scots pine and tomato types i, ii and iii lhc i proteins were 80%, 87% and 85%, respectively. two of the five his residue ... | 1991 | 1896022 |
| homologues of the green algal gida gene and the liverwort frxc gene are present on the chloroplast genomes of conifers. | strong hybridization signals were obtained from total dna of two conifers, lodgepole pine (pinus contorta) and norway spruce (picea abies), in a southern blot analysis using a probe derived from the chloroplast gida gene of the green alga chlamydomonas reinhardtii. the pine fragments detected by the probe were found to originate from the chloroplast genome and, as judged by the signal intensity, this was also true for the spruce fragments. sequence analysis of the hybridizing pine chloroplast dn ... | 1991 | 1912499 |
| the effect of corticosterone on standard metabolic rates of small passerine birds. | resting metabolic rates of gambel's white-crowned sparrows (zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) and pine siskins (carduelis pinus) were evaluated at thermoneutral temperatures before and after administration of corticosterone (b) at physiological doses. there was no effect of b on basal metabolic rate of either species, but nocturnal metabolic rate varied significantly less over the 3-h period of measurement in b-treated sparrows and siskins than in control birds. these results, coupled with observ ... | 1991 | 1939747 |
| agrobacterium-mediated dna transfer in sugar pine. | dna transfer using agrobacterium tumefaciens has been demonstrated in sugar pine, pinus lambertiana dougl. shoots derived from cytokinin-treated cotyledons formed galls after inoculation with a. tumefaciens strains containing the plasmid ptibo542. a selectable marker, neomycin phosphotransferase ii, conferring resistance to kanamycin, was transferred into sugar pine using a binary armed vector system. callus proliferated from the galls grew without hormones and in some cases, kanamycin-resistant ... | 1990 | 1966486 |
| a soluble factor induced by an extract from pinus parviflora sieb et zucc can inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro. | we showed that an extract (pc6) from cones of pinus parviflora sieb et zucc induced the human t-cell line cem to produce a pepsin-sensitive soluble factor(s) that could inhibit the replication of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) in cem t cells, in u-937 histocytes, in thp-1 monocytes, and in mitogen-activated human tonsillar mononuclear cells. indirect immunofluorescence staining and polymerase chain reaction analysis of the pc6-induced cem cells revealed the absence of known lymp ... | 1991 | 2006164 |
| possible involvement of lignin structure in anti-influenza virus activity. | commercial lignins suppressed the growth of influenza a virus infecting mdck cells, and the rna-dependent rna synthesis, as efficiently as the high-molecular weight fractions extracted from pine cone of pinus parviflora sieb. et zucc. the anti-influenza a virus activity of both pine cone extract and commercial alkali-lignin was considerably reduced by treatment with sodium chlorite, but was not affected by sulfuric acid or trifluoroacetic acid. the degraded components of lignin, various synthesi ... | 1991 | 2035999 |
| cloning, sequence analysis, and expression in escherichia coli of a gene coding for a beta-mannanase from the extremely thermophilic bacterium "caldocellum saccharolyticum". | a lambda recombinant phage expressing beta-mannanase activity in escherichia coli has been isolated from a genomic library of the extremely thermophilic anaerobe "caldocellum saccharolyticum." the gene was cloned into pbr322 on a 5-kb bamhi fragment, and its location was obtained by deletion analysis. the sequence of a 2.1-kb fragment containing the mannanase gene has been determined. one open reading frame was found which could code for a protein of mr 38,904. the mannanase gene (mana) was over ... | 1991 | 2039230 |
| a three-step model for the rearrangement of the chloroplast trnk-psba region of the gymnosperm pinus contorta. | a region of the pinus contorta chloroplast genome which contains a duplication of the psba gene was characterized. from previous experiments it was known that the two copies of the psba gene were located approximately 3.3 kilobase pairs (kbp) apart, that they had the same orientation and that one endpoint of the duplication was 19 base pairs (bp) downstream of the psba stop codon. in order to determine the size and additional genetic content of the duplicated segment, both copies as well as the ... | 1991 | 2057349 |
| inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus forward and reverse transcription by pc6, a natural product from cones of pine trees. | we have previously shown that pc6, a natural product extracted from cones of pinus parviflora sieb et zucc, can inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in cd4+ t cells and in monocyte/macrophage cell lines. here, we show by immunoprecipitation of hiv-1 proteins with a specific pooled serum that pc6 inhibited the expression of all hiv-1 proteins in cem cells. pc6 did not affect the posttranslational processing of the hiv-1 proteins. northern, southern, and kinetics ... | 1991 | 2064832 |