| application of genome sequence information to the classification of bovine enteroviruses: the importance of 5'- and 3'-nontranslated regions. | comparative genomics of viruses in evolutionary and phylogenetic studies is well established. previous nucleic acid sequence analyses have demonstrated that enteroviruses and rhinoviruses of the family picornaviridae exhibit a similar structure of the 5'-nontranslated region (ntr) differing significantly from the 5'-ntr of cardiovirus, aphthovirus, hepatovirus, and echovirus 22 (provisionally parechovirus 1). available nucleotide sequence information of the 5'- and 3'-nontranslated regions of mo ... | 1997 | 9498619 |
| human parechovirus 1 utilizes integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta1 as receptors. | human parechovirus 1 (hpev1) displays an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (rgd) motif in the vp1 capsid protein, suggesting integrins as candidate receptors for hpev1. a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for integrins alphavbeta3, alphavbeta1, and alphavbeta5, which have the ability to recognize the rgd motif, and also a mab specific for integrin alpha2beta1, an integrin that does not recognize the rgd motif, were tested on a549 cells. our results showed that integrin alphav-specific ... | 2000 | 10846065 |
| a biochemical approach reveals cell-surface molecules utilised by picornaviridae: human parechovirus 1 and echovirus 1. | although receptor virus interactions of several picornaviridae have been studied in the past, it is becoming apparent that these interactions might be more complex than previously thought. in this study, we have chosen to identify the cell-surface molecules involved in the infectious cycle of two common human pathogens and members of the piconaviridae family, echovirus 1 (echo1) and human parechovirus 1 (hpev1) also known as echovirus 22. in order to identify the specific cell-surface protein mo ... | 2001 | 11135368 |
| entry of human parechovirus 1. | human parechovirus 1 (hpev-1) is a prototype member of parechoviruses, a recently established picornavirus genus. although there is preliminary evidence that hpev-1 recognizes alpha(v) integrins as cellular receptors, our understanding of early events during hpev-1 infection is still very limited. the aim of this study was to clarify the entry mechanisms of hpev-1, including the attachment of the virus onto the host cell surface and subsequent internalization. in blocking experiments with monocl ... | 2001 | 11160695 |
| the isolation of human parechovirus 1 from cases of acute respiratory illness in children. | | 2001 | 11326130 |
| seroepidemiological study of human parechovirus 1. | | 2001 | 11427753 |
| detection of enterovirus viraemia in blood donors. | the infrastructure established for screening blood donations for hepatitis c virus has enabled large-scale population testing for other viruses which are potentially transmissible by transfusion of blood components and plasma-derived blood products. we have measured the frequency of viraemia of enteroviruses and parechoviruses in 83 600 scottish blood donors to allow an initial assessment of their risk to blood safety. | 2001 | 11438028 |
| screening enteroviruses for beta-cell tropism using foetal porcine beta-cells. | primary adult human insulin-producing beta-cells are susceptible to infection by prototype strains of coxsackieviruses (cv) and infection may result in impaired beta-cell function and/or cell death, as shown for coxsackie b virus (cvb) types 4 and 5, or have no apparent immediate adverse effects, as shown for cva-9. because of the limited availability of human pancreatic beta-cells, the aim of this study was to find out if foetal porcine pancreatic islets could be used as a substitute in enterov ... | 2001 | 11457997 |
| arginine-glycine-aspartic acid motif is critical for human parechovirus 1 entry. | the human parechovirus 1 rgd motif in vp1 was studied by mutagenesis. an rgd-to-rge change gave only revertant viruses with a restored rgd, while deletion of gd was lethal and nonrevertable. mutations at the +1 and +2 positions had some effect on growth properties and a +1 m-to-p change was lethal. these studies indicate that the rgd motif plays a critical role in infectivity, presumably by interacting with integrins, and that downstream amino acids can have an influence on function. | 2001 | 11559835 |
| phylogenetic analysis of ljungan virus and a-2 plaque virus, new members of the picornaviridae. | in addition to the viruses belonging to the nine proposed genera of the picornaviridae, enterovirus, rhinovirus, cardiovirus, aphtovirus, hepatovirus, parechovirus, kobuvirus, erbovirus and teschovirus, two new members of this family have recently been discovered. three strains of ljungan virus (lv) were isolated from bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) and a-2 plaque virus (a-2) was isolated from human sera. to study the genetic relationship between these recently discovered viruses and the me ... | 2002 | 11955639 |
| molecular analysis of three ljungan virus isolates reveals a new, close-to-root lineage of the picornaviridae with a cluster of two unrelated 2a proteins. | ljungan virus (lv) is a suspected human pathogen recently isolated from bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus). in the present study, it is revealed through comparative sequence analysis that three newly determined swedish lv genomes are closely related and possess a deviant picornavirus-like organization: 5' untranslated region-vp0-vp3-vp1-2a1-2a2-2b-2c-3a-3b-3c-3d-3' untranslated region. the lv genomes and the polyproteins encoded by them exhibit several exceptional features, such as the absence ... | 2002 | 12163611 |
| rapid and sensitive routine detection of all members of the genus enterovirus in different clinical specimens by real-time pcr. | we developed a rapid and sensitive method for the routine detection of all members of the enterovirus genus in different clinical specimens by using real-time taqman quantitative pcr. multiple primer and probe sets were selected in the highly conserved 5'-untranslated region of the enterovirus genome. our assay detected all 60 different enterovirus species tested, whereas no reactivity was observed with the viruses from the other genera of the picornaviridae family, e.g., hepatovirus and parecho ... | 2002 | 12354863 |
| encephalomyelitis due to human parechovirus type 1. | the implication of a viral agent in encephalomyelitis has been reported for several years. in the present study we wanted to demonstrate the presence of human parechovirus type 1 (hpev1) in a patient diagnosed with encephalomyelitis. | 2002 | 12367654 |
| diagnostic potential of parechovirus capsid proteins. | to study humoral and cellular immunity against human parechovirus type 1 (hpev1), the viral capsid proteins vp0, vp1, and vp3 were expressed and purified as glutathione s-transferase (gst)-tagged recombinant proteins. the fusion proteins were used to raise antisera in rabbits. vp0 and vp1 antisera specifically detected hpev1-infected cells in culture by immunoperoxidase staining and immunofluorescence. furthermore, antisera against the vp0 and vp1 proteins had neutralizing effects against hpev1 ... | 2003 | 12791839 |
| [to understand common pathogenic viruses in pediatrics from the perspectives of viral taxonomy]. | | 2004 | 14990095 |
| inactivation of selected picornaviruses by high hydrostatic pressure. | the potential of high hydrostatic pressure processing (hpp) to inactivate aichi virus (aiv), human parechovirus-1 (hpev-1), and the coxsackievirus strains a9 and b5 was investigated. for coxsackievirus a9 (cav9), a 5-min hpp treatment in minimum essential growth medium (mem) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine sera (fbs) resulted in 3.4-, 6.5-, and 7.6-log(10) tissue culture infectious dose (50%) (tcid(50)) reductions at 400, 500, and 600megapascals (mpa), respectively. for hpev-1, a 5-min treatm ... | 2004 | 15084405 |
| specific interaction between human parechovirus nonstructural 2a protein and viral rna. | the functional properties of the nonstructural 2a protein are variable among different picornaviruses. the 2a protein of the human parechovirus 1 (hpev1) has been shown to lack the proteolytic activity found in many other picornaviruses, but no particular function has been identified for hpev1 2a. to obtain information about the role of hpev1 2a in the viral life cycle, the protein was expressed in escherichia coli. a polyclonal antibody was then raised against the protein and employed to invest ... | 2004 | 15226313 |
| detection of human picornaviruses by multiplex reverse transcription-pcr and liquid hybridization. | a qualitative multiplex reverse transcription (rt)-pcr and liquid hybridization assay for the detection of human enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, parechoviruses, and aichi virus was developed. furthermore, a separate assay for the recognition of hepatitis a virus was established to complement the test pattern so that all human picornaviruses were covered. the amplicons, which represented the 5' untranslated regions of the viral rna genomes, were identified in liquid hybridization reactions with genu ... | 2005 | 15750090 |
| development, technical performance, and clinical evaluation of a nuclisens basic kit application for detection of enterovirus rna in cerebrospinal fluid. | the combination of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification and electrochemiluminescence detection was used to develop an internally controlled, highly sensitive and specific assay for the detection of enterovirus (ev) rna in cerebrospinal fluid (csf). the analytical performance of the assay was determined using both in vitro-transcribed ev rnas and viral culture isolates. the sensitivity of the assay was 10 ev rna copies per amplification reaction. the assay detected all enteroviral isolates t ... | 2005 | 15956374 |
| presence of viral and bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone children. a prospective study. | the purpose of the present study was to examine and follow up the presence of respiratory viral and bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone children during the cold season and compare the findings with the child's respiratory symptoms. | 2006 | 16198005 |
| clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of viral infections in a neonatal intensive care unit during a 12-year period. | the incidence of viral infections in patients treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) is not well-known. we summarized the data of all patients with laboratory-confirmed viral infections admitted at the nicu of our hospital during the period of 1992-2003. | 2005 | 16220089 |
| molecular characterization of a canadian human parechovirus (hpev)-3 isolate and its relationship to other hpevs. | a new member of the parechovirus genus (hpev-3) has been recently isolated from a stool specimen of a young japanese child with transient paralysis (isolate a308/99). three additional hpev-3 canadian cases associated with severe neonatal infections were subsequently described by our group. at this time, limited information is available on the molecular characterization of the hpev-3 genome. in this study, we report the complete genome sequence of a canadian hpev-3 isolate (can82853-01) recovered ... | 2005 | 16254961 |
| human parechovirus infections in dutch children and the association between serotype and disease severity. | human parechoviruses (hpevs) are members of the family picornaviridae and are classified into 3 known serotypes: hpev1, hpev2, and the recently identified hpev3. hpev1 and hpev2 infections are most commonly associated with mild respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms and occasionally with severe disease conditions, such as flaccid paralysis and encephalitis. hpev3 infection has been associated with transient paralysis and neonatal infection and has until now only been reported in japan and cana ... | 2006 | 16355330 |
| rgd motifs on the surface of baculovirus enhance transduction of human lung carcinoma cells. | baculovirus vectors have been shown to enter a variety of mammalian cell lines and gene transfer with wild-type baculovirus (wt) has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. different protein motifs have been displayed on the viral surface to serve as ligands for cell-specific receptor molecules. we have generated recombinant baculovirus vectors displaying an rgd-motif, recognized by alphav integrin, on the viral surface. the rgd motifs within the c-terminus of coxsackie virus a9 and human p ... | 2006 | 16569454 |
| diabetes and myocarditis in voles and lemmings at cyclic peak densities--induced by ljungan virus? | although it is well-documented from theoretical studies that pathogens have the capacity to generate cycles, the occurrence and role of pathogens and disease have been poorly empirically studied in cyclic voles and lemmings. in screening for the occurrence of disease in cyclic vole and lemming populations, we found that a high proportion of live-trapped clethrionomys glareolus, c. rufocanus, microtus agrestis and lemmus lemmus at high collective peak density, shortly before the decline, suffered ... | 2006 | 16868760 |
| analysis of a new human parechovirus allows the definition of parechovirus types and the identification of rna structural domains. | human parechoviruses (hpev), members of the parechovirus genus of picornaviridae, are frequent pathogens but have been comparatively poorly studied, and little is known of their diversity, evolution, and molecular biology. to increase the amount of information available, we have analyzed 7 hpev strains isolated in california between 1973 and 1992. we found that, on the basis of vp1 sequences, these fall into two genetic groups, one of which has not been previously observed, bringing the number o ... | 2007 | 17005640 |
| neonatal enterovirus infections reported to the national enterovirus surveillance system in the united states, 1983-2003. | neonatal enterovirus (ev) infections lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild febrile illness to severe, sometimes fatal, sepsislike disease. | 2006 | 17006282 |
| molecular analysis of duck hepatitis virus type 1 reveals a novel lineage close to the genus parechovirus in the family picornaviridae. | duck hepatitis virus type 1 (dhv-1) was previously classified as an enterovirus, based primarily on observed morphology and physicochemical properties of the virion. the complete nucleotide sequences of two strains (drl-62 and r85952) of dhv-1 have been determined. excluding the poly(a) tail, the genomes are 7691 and 7690 nt, respectively, and contain a single, large open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 2249 aa. the genome of dhv-1 is organized as are those of members of the family picor ... | 2006 | 17030865 |
| molecular analysis of duck hepatitis virus type 1 indicates that it should be assigned to a new genus. | the genome sequences of three duck hepatitis virus type 1 (dhv-1) strains were determined. comparative sequence analyses showed that they possessed a typical picornavirus genome organization apart from the unique possession of three in-tandem 2a genes. the 2a1 protein of dhv-1 is an aphthovirus-like 2a protein; the 2a2 protein is not related to any known picornavirus protein; the 2a3 protein is a human parechovirus-like 2a protein. several other features were found to be unique to the dhv-1 geno ... | 2007 | 17067712 |
| fourth human parechovirus serotype. | we identified a novel human parechovirus (hpev) type (k251176-02) from a neonate with fever. analysis of the complete genome showed k251176-02 to be a new hpev genotype. since k251176-02 could not be neutralized with antibodies against known hpev serotypes 1-3, it should be classified as a fourth hpev serotype. | 2006 | 17176575 |
| enterovirus surveillance--united states, 1970-2005. | enteroviruses are common human viruses associated with various clinical syndromes, from minor febrile illness to severe, potentially fatal conditions (e.g., aseptic meningitis, paralysis, myocarditis, and neonatal enteroviral sepsis). multiple enterovirus serotypes exist. individual serotypes have different temporal patterns of circulation and often are associated with different clinical manifestations. changes in circulating serotypes might be accompanied by large-scale outbreaks. | 2006 | 16971890 |
| molecular characterization of a new serotype of duck hepatitis virus. | duck hepatitis strains 90d and 04g were determined to be antigenically unrelated to type 1 duck hepatitis virus (dhv-1) by in vitro cross-neutralization assay. the genome sequences of 90d and 04g revealed that both strains of the new serotype dhv (n-dhv) possessed a typical picornavirus genome organization apart from the unique possession of three in-tandem 2a genes present in dhv-1. the 2a1, 2a2, and 2a3 proteins represented an aphthovirus-like 2a protein, aig1-like protein, and human parechovi ... | 2007 | 17292992 |
| molecular analysis of duck hepatitis virus type 1. | the genome sequence of a duck hepatitis virus type 1 (dhv-1) strain was determined. comparative sequence analysis showed that the genome possesses a typical picornarivus organization and also exhibits several unique features, such as the similarity of internal ribosome entry site to that of porcine teschovirus 1 and hepatitis c virus, the presence of a longest 3' untranslated region and a shorter leader protein in the picornaviridae, the absence of a predicted maturation cleavage of vp0, the ass ... | 2007 | 17300822 |
| human parechovirus 1 infections in young children--no association with type 1 diabetes. | the epidemiology, transmission and clinical symptoms of human parechoviruses [hpev, classified earlier as enteroviruses; echovirus 22 (hpev1) and echovirus 23 (hpev2)] remain poorly characterized. enteroviruses and one parechovirus species, the ljungan virus, have been associated with type 1 diabetes in humans and rodents. the occurrence of human parechovirus 1 (hpev1) infections in young children and their possible association with type 1 diabetes was evaluated. the prospective birth cohort stu ... | 2007 | 17311340 |
| prenatal viral exposure followed by adult stress produces glucose intolerance in a mouse model. | it has been suggested that the uterine environment may influence metabolic disease occurring later in adult life, and that adult stress may promote disease outcome. using a mouse model, we tested whether in utero exposure to ljungan virus (lv) followed by adult exposure to stress produces diabetes. the influence of the timing of viral exposure over the course of pregnancy was also tested. | 2006 | 16821045 |
| human parechovirus types 1, 2 and 3 infections in canada. | a new reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for identification of 28 canadian human parechovirus (hpev) isolates, including 20 hpev-1, 3 hpev-2, and 5 hpev-3, recovered from 1985 to 2004. all hpev-1 isolates but 1 were genetically distinct from the harris reference strain. one hpev-2 isolate was related to the williamson strain; the other 2 were related to the connecticut strain. hpev-3 isolates clustered together. seventy-five percent of isolates were recovered dur ... | 2006 | 16707054 |
| atp hydrolysis and amp kinase activities of nonstructural protein 2c of human parechovirus 1. | the highly conserved picornavirus 2c proteins, thought to be involved in genome replication, contain three motifs found in ntpases/helicases of superfamily iii. we report that human parechovirus 1 2c displays mg2+-dependent atp diphosphohydrolase activity in vitro, whereas other nucleoside triphosphates are not substrates for the hydrolysis. we also found that the 2c protein has an enzymatic activity that converts amp to a corresponding diphosphate using adp or atp as a phosphate donor. in addit ... | 2006 | 16379008 |
| development of a serological assay based on a synthetic peptide selected from the vp0 capsid protein for detection of human parechoviruses. | a serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed using a synthetic peptide from the vp0 protein of human parechoviruses (hpevs). seroprevalence for hpevs was 70% in children of < or = 5 years of age and 95% in adults. for children from whom serial sera were sampled, seropositivity increased from 22% to 88% between 2 and 24 months of age. | 2007 | 17442804 |
| isolation and characterization of novel human parechovirus from clinical samples. | using vero cells, we isolated a virus (nii561-2000) from a cerebrospinal fluid specimen of a 1-year-old girl with reye syndrome. the determined amino acid sequence of the virus indicated that the isolate was a human parechovirus (hpev), a member of picornaviridae. neutralization test showed that the nii561-2000 virus had distinct antigenicity to hpev-1, hpev-2, and hpev-3, and that the sequence was distinct from these types as well as from hpev-4 and hpev-5. thus, we propose the virus (nii561-20 ... | 2007 | 17553229 |
| [echovirus 3 associated meningoencephalitis]. | | 2005 | 16365631 |
| characterization of beta-cell function of pancreatic islets isolated from bank voles developing glucose intolerance/diabetes: an animal model showing features of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a possible role of the ljungan virus. | bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) kept in captivity develop diabetes mellitus to a significant extent. also in wild bank voles, elevated blood glucose has been observed. a newly isolated picornavirus named ljungan virus (lv) has been found in the pancreas of these bank voles. moreover, lv infection in combination with environmental factors may cause glucose intolerance/diabetes (gint/d) in normal mice. the aim of the present study was to investigate the functional characteristics of pancreati ... | 2007 | 17686482 |
| tlr8 and tlr7 are involved in the host's immune response to human parechovirus 1. | toll-like receptors (tlr) have a key role in regulating immunity against microbial agents. engagement of tlr by bacterial, viral or fungal components leads to the production and release of inflammatory cytokines. in this study we show that mainly tlr8 and also tlr7 act as the host sensors for human parechovirus 1, a single-stranded rna (ssrna) virus. furthermore, we see that the viral ssrna genome is detected in endosomal compartments by these tlr, which activate signalling that lead to the synt ... | 2005 | 16025564 |
| a highly divergent picornavirus in a marine mammal. | nucleic acids from an unidentified virus from ringed seals (phoca hispida) were amplified using sequence-independent pcr, subcloned, and then sequenced. the full genome of a novel rna virus was derived, identifying the first sequence-confirmed picornavirus in a marine mammal. the phylogenetic position of the tentatively named seal picornavirus 1 (sepv-1) as an outlier to the grouping of parechoviruses was found consistently in alignable regions of the genome. a mean protein sequence identity of ... | 2008 | 17942560 |
| dissociation of an antiviral compound from the internal pocket of human rhinovirus 14 capsid. | win antiviral compounds bind human rhinovirus, as well as enterovirus and parechovirus, in an internal cavity located within the viral protein capsid. access to the buried pocket necessitates deviation from the average viral protein structure identified by crystallography. we investigated the dissociation of win 52084 from the pocket in human rhinovirus 14 by using an adiabatic, biased molecular dynamics simulation method. multiple dissociation trajectories are used to characterize the pathway. ... | 2005 | 15899980 |
| prevalence, types, and rna concentrations of human parechoviruses, including a sixth parechovirus type, in stool samples from patients with acute enteritis. | parechovirus epidemiology and disease association are not fully understood. real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) for all human parechoviruses (hpev) was applied on stool samples from two groups of patients. both groups contained patients with acute enteritis of all age groups, seen during one full year. patients with norovirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, astrovirus, or rotavirus infections were excluded. in 118 patients from outbreak and hospital settings, no hpev was detected. in a prospe ... | 2008 | 18057123 |
| human parechovirus type 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 detection in picornavirus cultures. | picornavirus cultures that could not be typed in neutralization assays were analyzed by vp1 reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and a virus discovery tool (vidisca). human parechoviruses (hpevs) were frequently identified, among which were the uncommon isolates hpev-4, hpev-5, and hpev-6. the hpev-5 isolate could be amplified only by vidisca and not by vp1 rt-pcr. | 2008 | 18077635 |
| human parechovirus 3 and neonatal infections. | a third serotype of human parechovirus (hpev) has been recently isolated from stool specimens of a young japanese child with transient paralysis. we report 3 additional cases of neonatal sepsis caused by hpev-3 in the fall of 2001 in canadian infants 7-27 days old. all children were hospitalized with high fever, erythematous rash, and tachypnea for a median of 5 days. the viruses isolated from nasopharyngeal aspirates grew slowly on tertiary monkey kidney cells and were successfully passaged on ... | 2005 | 15705330 |
| severe neonatal parechovirus infection and similarity with enterovirus infection. | enteroviruses (ev) are an important cause of neonatal disease including hepatitis, meningoencephalitis, and myocarditis that can lead to death or severe long-term sequelae. less is known about severe neonatal infection caused by the parechoviruses (pev) of which type 1 (pev1) and type 2 (pev2) were previously known as echovirus 22 and echovirus 23. they belong to the same family of picornaviridae as the ev. of the pev, so far only pev3 has been associated in 2 recent reports with severe neonatal ... | 2008 | 18277927 |
| amplicon sequencing and improved detection of human rhinovirus in respiratory samples. | improved knowledge of the genotypic characteristics of human rhinovirus (hrv) is required, as are nucleic detection assays with the capacity to overcome both the similarities between members of the family picornaviridae and the wide diversity of different hrv serotypes. the goal of the present study was to investigate the variability and the genotypic diversity of clinical strains circulating in the community. since most reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assays available cannot differentiate hrv fr ... | 2004 | 15243084 |
| rapid detection of human parechoviruses in clinical samples by real-time pcr. | human parechoviruses (hpevs) have been associated with severe conditions such as neonatal sepsis and meningitis in young children. rapid identification of an infectious agent in such serious conditions in these patients is essential for adequate decision making regarding treatment and hospital stay. | 2008 | 18354819 |
| clinical validation of a new real-time pcr assay for detection of enteroviruses and parechoviruses, and implications for diagnostic procedures. | enteroviruses (ev) and parechoviruses (hpev) are the most common causes of aseptic meningitis, encephalitis and sepsis-like syndrome in neonates. detection by nucleic acid amplification methods improves patient management. | 2008 | 18354820 |
| phylogeny of the picornaviridae and differential evolutionary divergence of picornavirus proteins. | a rooted phylogenetic analysis of the viral family picornaviridae identified several major clusters within this viral family. the genus parechovirus, including ljungan virus, was found to be basal to the family. within the family, there were two major subgroups: (1) a cluster including viruses assigned to the genera enterovirus and rhinovirus; and (2) a cluster including teschovirus, cardiovirus, erbovirus, aphthovirus, and probably kobuvirus. within the former cluster, the genera enterovirus an ... | 2004 | 15157632 |
| isolation and identification of a novel human parechovirus. | a cytopathic agent (a308/99) was isolated using vero cells from a stool specimen of a 1-year-old patient with transient paralysis. the agent was approximately 28 nm in diameter with a distinct ultrastructure resembling the virus particle of an enterovirus. it could not be neutralized by antisera against human picornaviruses such as human enterovirus, aichi virus or human parechovirus. the virion contained three capsid proteins with molecular masses of 38, 30.3 and 30 kda. determination of the co ... | 2004 | 14769896 |
| temporal relationship between human parechovirus 1 infection and otitis media in young children. | human parechovirus (hpev) 1 is a common virus that infects almost everyone during childhood. because clinical symptoms are poorly documented, we evaluated the symptoms associated with hpev1 infection in a cohort of children followed prospectively from birth at 3-month intervals. | 2008 | 18462136 |
| analysis of monthly isolation of respiratory viruses from children by cell culture using a microplate method: a two-year study from 2004 to 2005 in yamagata, japan. | although well over 200 viral agents have been implicated in acute respiratory infections (aris) among children, no system able to detect such a wide range of viruses has been established. between january 2004 and december 2005, a modified microplate method, including hef, hep-2, vero e6, mdck, rd-18s, and gmk cell lines (hhve6mrg plate), was adopted to isolate viruses. a total of 1,551 viruses were isolated, representing both outbreaks and sporadic cases, from 4,107 nasopharyngeal specimens, at ... | 2008 | 18503168 |
| detection of all known parechoviruses by real-time pcr. | the parechovirus genus of the picornaviridae family contains two species, human parechovirus (hpev) and ljungan virus (lv). the hpevs (including the former echoviruses 22 and 23, now hpev type 1 (hpev1) and hpev2, respectively) cause a wide spectrum of disease, including aseptic meningitis, gastroenteritis, encephalitis, acute respiratory illness, and neonatal sepsis-like disease. the lvs were isolated from bank voles in sweden during a search for an infectious agent linked to fatal myocarditis ... | 2008 | 18524969 |
| human parechoviruses as an important viral cause of sepsislike illness and meningitis in young children. | enteroviruses (evs) belong to the family picornaviridae and are a well-known cause of neonatal sepsis and viral meningitis. human parechoviruses (hpevs) type 1 and 2, previously named echovirus 22 and 23, have been associated with mild gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms in young children. six hpev genotypes are currently known, of which hpev3 is associated with neonatal sepsis and meningitis. | 2008 | 18558876 |
| prevalence of human parechovirus in the netherlands in 2000 to 2007. | infection with human parechovirus 3 (hpev3) was described for the first time in japan in 2004 and reportedly is more often associated with severe disease than infection with hpev1 or hpev2. in 2004, infections with hpev3 were observed for the first time in the netherlands. genetic analysis showed several different lineages, suggesting endemic circulation. we analyzed 163 cell culture isolates from the same number of patients tested in routine virological laboratories as part of the national ente ... | 2008 | 18614653 |
| identification and characterization of two strains of human parechovirus 4 isolated from two clinical cases in fukuoka city, japan. | reverse transcription-pcr targeting the vp0 gene of human parechoviruses (hpevs) was used to identify two isolates from two japanese children's stool specimens. molecular analysis revealed that these isolates belonged to hpev type 4, and their nucleotide identity in the p1 region was 85.0%. | 2008 | 18650363 |
| enterovirus infection in human pancreatic islet cells, islet tropism in vivo and receptor involvement in cultured islet beta cells. | it is thought that enterovirus infections cause beta-cell damage and contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes by replicating in the pancreatic islets. we sought evidence for this through autopsy studies and by investigating known enterovirus receptors in cultured human islets. | 2004 | 14727023 |
| replication complex of human parechovirus 1. | the parechoviruses differ in many biological properties from other picornaviruses, and their replication strategy is largely unknown. in order to identify the viral rna replication complex in human parechovirus type 1 (hpev-1)-infected cells, we located viral protein and rna in correlation to virus-induced membrane alterations. structural changes in the infected cells included a disintegrated golgi apparatus and disorganized, dilated endoplasmic reticulum (er) which had lost its ribosomes. viral ... | 2003 | 12857920 |
| enterovirus infection and activation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. | gastrointestinal tract associated lymphoid tissue is considered to be the main replication site for enteroviruses. in order to invade tissues to reach pancreatic islets, cardiac muscles, and other secondary replication sites, the virus has to survive circulation in the blood and find a way to get through endothelial cells. in the present study, the susceptibility of human endothelial cells to infections caused by human parechovirus 1 and several prototype strains of enteroviruses, representing d ... | 2003 | 12767007 |
| terminal rna replication elements in human parechovirus 1. | to define structural elements critical for rna replication in human parechovirus 1 (hpev1), a replicon with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase as a reporter gene and an infectious virus cdna clone have been used. it was observed that there are cis-acting signals required for hpev1 replication located within the 5'-terminal 112 nucleotides of the genome and that these include two terminal stem-loops, sl-a and sl-b, together with a pseudoknot element. significant disruption of any of these structur ... | 2002 | 12438643 |
| epidemiology and clinical associations of human parechovirus respiratory infections. | infections with human parechoviruses (hpevs) are prevalent in young children and have been associated with mild gastroenteritis and, less frequently, with meningitis and neonatal sepsis. to investigate the involvement of these viruses in respiratory disease, a highly sensitive nested pcr was used to screen a large archive of respiratory specimens, collected between january and december 2007. respiratory samples had previously been tested for eight respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncy ... | 2008 | 18753351 |
| differential requirements for copi coats in formation of replication complexes among three genera of picornaviridae. | picornavirus rna replication requires the formation of replication complexes (rcs) consisting of virus-induced vesicles associated with viral nonstructural proteins and rna. brefeldin a (bfa) has been shown to strongly inhibit rna replication of poliovirus but not of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). here, we demonstrate that the replication of parechovirus 1 (parv1) is partly resistant to bfa, whereas echovirus 11 (ev11) replication is strongly inhibited. since bfa inhibits copi-dependent step ... | 2002 | 12368353 |
| development and evaluation of a 'real-time' rt-pcr for the detection of enterovirus and parechovirus rna in csf and throat swab samples. | a two-step reverse transcriptase taqmantrade mark duplex pcr (rt-pcr) assay was developed using the abi 7700 sequence detection system for the detection of enterovirus (ev) and parechovirus type 1 and 2 (pev) rna from samples of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and throat swabs. using sequence-specific fluorescent dye labeled probes and continuous 'real-time' monitoring, pcr amplified product accumulation was measured. based on limiting dilutions, the taqmantrade mark enterovirus and parechovirus rt-pc ... | 2002 | 12116004 |
| high prevalence of human parechovirus (hpev) genotypes in the amsterdam region and identification of specific hpev variants by direct genotyping of stool samples. | human parechoviruses (hpev) are widespread pathogens belonging to the picornavirus family. six genotypes, which have predominantly been isolated from children, are known. data on prevalence of hpev genotypes are generally based on cell culture, which may underestimate the prevalence of certain hpev strains that are difficult to grow. we studied 1,824 stool samples from 1,379 children (<5 years old) sent to the academic medical center, amsterdam, the netherlands, between 2004 and 2006. samples we ... | 2008 | 18945833 |
| comparison of four nasal sampling methods for the detection of viral pathogens by rt-pcr-a ga(2)len project. | the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and patient discomfort between four techniques for obtaining nasal secretions. nasal secretions from 58 patients with symptoms of a common cold, from three clinical centers (amsterdam, lodz, oslo), were obtained by four different methods: swab, aspirate, brush, and wash. in each patient all four sampling procedures were performed and patient discomfort was evaluated by a visual discomfort scale (scale 1-5) after each procedure. single pathogen rt ... | 2009 | 19041346 |
| functional impairment and killing of human beta cells by enteroviruses: the capacity is shared by a wide range of serotypes, but the extent is a characteristic of individual virus strains. | direct infection of beta cells could explain the diabetogenic effect of enteroviruses. primary adult human beta cells are susceptible to coxsackievirus infections, which could result in impaired beta-cell function or cell death (coxsackieviruses b3, b4, b5) or both, or no apparent immediate adverse effects (coxsackievirus a9). we extended these studies to additional enterovirus serotypes including several echoviruses, some of which have been associated clinically with the development of type i ( ... | 2002 | 12107750 |
| specific rt-pcr procedure for the detection of human parechovirus type 1 genome in clinical samples. | among the new genera of parechoviruses, human parechovirus type 1, formerly echo virus 22, has recently been recognized on the basis of distinctive biological and molecular properties. this human pathogen generally causes mild gastro-enteritis, respiratory infections and is also responsible for central nervous system infections. to ensure reliable detection, these latter infections are diagnosed by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) procedures. due to genetic differen ... | 2002 | 11879703 |
| zoonotic ljungan virus associated with central nervous system malformations in terminated pregnancy. | the ljungan virus (lv) has been shown to cause central nervous system malformations in laboratory mouse models. the lv has also been associated with intrauterine fetal death in humans. we investigated the presence of lv in a series of human hydrocephaly and anencephaly cases from elective abortions. | 2009 | 19180651 |
| genomic characterization of novel human parechovirus type. | using a simple metagenomic approach, we identified a divergent human parechovirus (hpev) in the stool of a child in pakistan. genomic characterization showed this virus was distinct enough from reported hpev types to qualify as candidate prototype for the seventh hpev type. | 2009 | 19193275 |
| novel human parechovirus from brazil. | human parechoviruses (hpevs) were detected by reverse transcription-pcr in 16.1% of 335 stool samples from children <6 years of age with enteritis in salvador, brazil. whole genome sequencing of 1 sample showed a novel hpev that has been designated as hpev8. | 2009 | 19193281 |
| parechoviruses, a novel group of human picornaviruses. | parechoviruses are a recently established group of human viral pathogens. at the time of their first isolation, parechoviruses were classified among the enterovirus genus in the picornavirus family, but based on their different biological properties they were separated into their own genus. the type member is human parechovirus 1 (hpev1), which frequently infects humans, in particular small children. the parechovirus genus also includes hpev2 and the ljungan virus, which was recently isolated fr ... | 2001 | 11680794 |
| in vivo and in vitro identification of structural and sequence elements of the human parechovirus 5' untranslated region required for internal initiation. | sequence analysis of the picornavirus echovirus 22 led to its classification as the first member of a new genus, parechovirus, and renaming as human parechovirus type 1 (hpev1). although distinct from other genera in most of the genome, the 5' untranslated region (5'utr) shows similarities to that of cardio/aphthoviruses in some of its structural domains (a to l). the 5'utr plays an important role in picornavirus translation initiation and in rna synthesis. to investigate translation in hpev1, w ... | 2000 | 10864636 |
| molecular characterization of a novel ljungan virus (parechovirus; picornaviridae) reveals a fourth genotype and indicates ancestral recombination. | ljungan virus (lv) was discovered 20 years ago in swedish bank voles (myodes glareolus, previously referred to as clethrionomys glareolus) during the search for an infectious agent causing lethal myocarditis in young athletes. to date, the genomes of four lv isolates, including the prototype 87-012 strain, have been characterized. three of these lv strains were isolated from bank voles trapped in sweden. sequence analysis of an american virus (m1146), isolated from a montane vole (microtus monta ... | 2009 | 19264646 |
| antigenic properties of human parechovirus 1. | human parechoviruses 1 and 2 (hpev1 and hpev2, respectively), formerly known as echoviruses 22 and 23, have been assigned to a novel picornavirus genus on the basis of their distinct molecular and biological properties. to study the immunological characteristics of hpev1 capsid proteins, antigenic analysis was carried out by a peptide scanning technique, which can be used to identify the immunogenic peptide sequences of a protein. partially overlapping peptides, representing the capsid of hpev1, ... | 2000 | 10859376 |
| human parechoviruses--biology and clinical significance. | a new genus of the family picornaviridae, parechovirus, has recently been recognised on the basis of distinctive biological and molecular properties. in particular: parechoviruses exhibit characteristic effects on the host cell; cleavage of the capsid protein vp0, required for maturation of the virus particle in most other picornaviruses, does not occur; there is a unique extension, which is highly basic in character, to the n-terminus of the capsid protein vp3; and the 2a protein, in common wit ... | 2000 | 10654005 |
| molecular analysis of human parechovirus type 2 (formerly echovirus 23). | picornaviruses have been divided into five genera until recently, when a sixth genus, parechovirus, was defined. human parechovirus type 1 (hpev1; formerly echovirus 22) was the first recognized member of this genus and preliminary sequence analysis of echovirus 23 [now renamed human parechovirus type 2 (hpev2)] suggested that it is also a parechovirus. here we describe the complete nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of hpev2, which indicate a close relationship to hpev1 throughout th ... | 1998 | 9820139 |
| a new quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assay and melting curve analysis for detection and genotyping of ljungan virus strains. | ljungan virus (lv), a new member of the picornaviridae, recently isolated from vole species in both sweden and the usa, is suspected to be pathogenic for humans as an aetiological agent in myocarditis, diabetes, neurological disease and perinatal disease. this study describes for the first time an rt-pcr assay that can identify and quantify lv infection in various tissue sample types using primers and two different minor-groove-binder probes targeting the 5'-untranslated region of the lv genome. ... | 2007 | 17196265 |
| specific association of human parechovirus type 3 with sepsis and fever in young infants, as identified by direct typing of cerebrospinal fluid samples. | human parechoviruses (hpevs), along with human enteroviruses (hevs), are associated with neonatal sepsis and meningitis. we determined the relative importance of these viruses and the specific hpev types involved in the development of central nervous system-associated disease. | 2009 | 19456229 |
| epidemic of human parechovirus type 3 in hiroshima city, japan in 2008. | | 2009 | 19468194 |
| human parechovirus-3 infection: emerging pathogen in neonatal sepsis. | human parechovirus-3 (hpev-3) is an emerging pathogen that has been described as a cause of neonatal sepsis. human parechoviruses are a family of viruses closely related to enteroviruses; however, enteroviral pcr will not detect hpevs. we present clinical details of neonatal meningoencephalitis and hepatitis-coagulopathy syndrome caused by hpev-3 infection. | 2009 | 19483524 |
| [irrelevant about ljungan virus]. | | 2009 | 19492680 |
| intracellular localization and effects of individually expressed human parechovirus 1 non-structural proteins. | human parechovirus 1 (hpev-1) has many unique features compared with other picornaviruses and it has been shown that the replication complex formed during hpev-1 infection is different from that of other picornaviruses. here, the intracellular localization and functional effects of individually expressed hpev-1 non-structural proteins were studied. the 2a and 3d proteins were found diffusely in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the cell. the 3a and 3ab proteins were observed to co-localize with the m ... | 2007 | 17325355 |
| the complete genome of klassevirus - a novel picornavirus in pediatric stool. | diarrhea kills 2 million children worldwide each year, yet an etiological agent is not found in approximately 30-50% of cases. picornaviral genera such as enterovirus, kobuvirus, cosavirus, parechovirus, hepatovirus, teschovirus, and cardiovirus have all been found in human and animal diarrhea. modern technologies, especially deep sequencing, allow rapid, high-throughput screening of clinical samples such as stool for new infectious agents associated with human disease. | 2009 | 19538752 |
| association of zoonotic ljungan virus with intrauterine fetal deaths. | it has recently been shown that ljungan virus (lv) is associated with disease in its wild rodent reservoir. in addition, it has been demonstrated that lv causes malformations and perinatal death in a mouse model. the question was therefore raised whether lv is a zoonotic agent in humans. | 2007 | 17335057 |
| identification of amino acid residues of ljungan virus vp0 and vp1 associated with cytolytic replication in cultured cells. | ljungan virus is a picornavirus isolated from swedish and north american rodents. replication of ljungan virus in cultured cells normally induces a weak and delayed cytopathic effect compared to that of many other picornaviruses. however, efficiently replicating ljungan virus variants may evolve during serial passages in cell culture. in this study, we evaluate the significance of three substitutions in capsid protein vp0 and vp1 of a cell-culture-adapted variant of the swedish ljungan virus 145 ... | 2009 | 19585077 |
| rooting human parechovirus evolution in time. | the picornaviridae family contains a number of important pathogenic viruses, among which the recently reclassified human parechoviruses (hpevs). these viruses are widespread and can be grouped in several types. understanding the evolutionary history of hpev could answer questions such as how long the circulating lineages last shared a common ancestor and how the evolution of this viral species is shaped by its population dynamics. using both strict and relaxed clock bayesian phylogenetics we inv ... | 2009 | 19604368 |
| human parechoviruses. | | 2009 | 19710588 |
| the biobreeding rat diabetes model is infected with ljungan virus. | | 2007 | 17406852 |
| a commentary on the possible association of ljungan virus and sids and issues in sids research. | | 2009 | 19757217 |
| replication of ljungan virus in cell culture: the genomic 5'-end, infectious cdna clones and host cell response to viral infections. | ljungan virus (lv) is a picornavirus recently isolated from bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus). the previously uncharacterised 5'-end sequence of the lv genome was determined. infectious cdna clones were constructed of the wild type lv prototype strain 87-012 and of the cytolytically replicating cell culture adapted variant 87-012g. virus generated from cdna clones showed identical growth characteristics as uncloned virus stocks. cell culture adapted lv, 87-012g, showed a clear cytopathic effe ... | 2007 | 17645978 |
| antiviral treatments reduce severity of diabetes in ljungan virus-infected cd-1 mice and delay onset in diabetes-prone bb rats. | the effects of lv in two different species, cd-1 mice, without a genetic disposition for diabetes, and bb rats prone to t1d were examined. male cd-1 mice that had been exposed to lv in utero developed a type 2-like diabetes with increased blood glucose, insulin levels and epididymal fat at the age of 10-15 weeks. combination therapy including lv-antiserum and an antiviral drug, pleconaril, significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose and insulin and the amount of abdominal fat. in bb rats, ... | 2009 | 19780970 |
| diversity of human parechoviruses isolated from stool samples collected from thai children with acute gastroenteritis. | a total of 82 fecal specimens which were known to be negative for rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus and which were collected from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in chiang mai, thailand, from january to december 2005 were screened for human parechovirus (hpev). hpev was detected by reverse transcription-pcr with a primer pair that amplified the 5' untranslated region of its genome and was genotyped by sequencing of the vp1 region. hpev was detected in 12 ... | 2010 | 19864477 |
| [diagnosis and molecular epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis in the past, present and future]. | outline, history of research, diagnosis and molecular epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis were described. rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, human parechovirus, aichivirus, and human bocavirus are the major target viruses which cause acute gastroenteritis. the viruses were differentiated into genogroup, genotypes and subgenotypes/clusters/lineages. the changing of their genetic backgrounds was well recognized in different areas and years. some reassortments or recombinati ... | 2009 | 19927992 |
| novel human parechovirus, sri lanka. | of 362 fecal samples collected from children with acute gastroenteritis in sri lanka during 2005-2006, 30 (8.3%) were positive for human parechovirus (hpev) by reverse transcription-pcr. a novel hpev, designated as hpev10, was identified in 2 samples by sequence analysis of the viral protein 1 gene of the detected hpevs. | 2010 | 20031059 |
| physicochemical properties of the ljungan virus prototype virion in different environments: inactivated by heat but resistant to acidic ph, detergents and non-physiological environments such as virkon-containing solutions. | it is of great importance to know how a virus particle is affected by environmental conditions. physicochemical properties of the virion will affect the virus viability in different environments, viral transmission between hosts, and will also be important for safe handling of the virus. the physicochemical properties of the ljungan virus (lv) prototype, 87-012, adapted to grow in cell culture were evaluated using both lv in crude cell extracts and purified virions. replication of lv was complet ... | 2007 | 17895601 |
| calpain 1 and 2 are required for rna replication of echovirus 1. | calpains are calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that degrade cytoskeletal and cytoplasmic proteins. we have studied the role of calpains in the life cycle of human echovirus 1 (ev1). the calpain inhibitors, including calpeptin, calpain inhibitor 1, and calpain inhibitor 2 as well as calpain 1 and calpain 2 short interfering rnas, completely blocked ev1 infection in the host cells. the effect of the inhibitors was not specific for ev1, because they also inhibited infection by other picornavirus ... | 2008 | 18032503 |
| identification of a contemporary human parechovirus type 1 by vidisca and characterisation of its full genome. | enteritis is caused by a spectrum of viruses that is most likely not fully characterised. when testing stool samples by cell culture, virus isolates are sometimes obtained which cannot be typed by current methods. in this study we used vidisca, a virus identification method which has not yet been widely applied, on such an untyped virus isolate. | 2008 | 18269761 |