| new enteroviruses, ev-93 and ev-94, associated with acute flaccid paralysis in the democratic republic of the congo. | surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis often identifies enteroviruses not typeable by virus neutralization in cell culture. during 2000 and 2001, 186 isolates from 138 children with acute flaccid paralysis in the democratic republic of the congo were sent for typing to the national reference centre for enteroviruses in lyon, france. the 5' utr of the viral genome could be amplified by pcr for 158 isolates from 114 patients. isolates from 89 patients were neutralizable, and contained non-polio e ... | 2007 | 17311342 |
| clinical severity and molecular typing of human rhinovirus c strains during a fall outbreak affecting hospitalized patients. | the circulation rate and the clinical severity of infections caused by members of the new human rhinovirus c (hrv-c) species remain to be defined. | 2009 | 19473873 |
| high prevalence of human enterovirus a infections in natural circulation of human enteroviruses. | human enterovirus (hev) infections can be asymptomatic or cause only mild illness; recent evidence may implicate hev infection in type 1 diabetes mellitus and myocarditis. here, we report the molecular characterization of hev obtained in serial monthly collections from healthy norwegian infants. a total of 1,255 fecal samples were collected from 113 healthy infants beginning at age 3 months and continuing to 28 months. the samples were analyzed for hev nucleic acid by real-time pcr. fifty-eight ... | 2006 | 16943351 |
| enterovirus 71 infection induces apoptosis in vero cells. | the effects of enterovirus 71 (hev71) infection on african green monkey kidney cells (vero) were investigated. it was found that the infected cells showed progressive cellular morphological changes characteristic in apoptotic cells within 10 hours post-infection. the number of apoptotic cells correlated significantly with the number of hev71 antigen positive cells when cells were labeled using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (tdt)-mediated dutp nick-end labeling (tunel) and stained for hev ... | 2003 | 16196375 |
| immunogenicity of enterovirus 70 capsid protein vp1 and its non-overlapping n- and c-terminal fragments. | currently no practical treatment method or effective virus vaccine is available for acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by enterovirus 70 (ev70). antibodies to uv-inactivated ev70 (j670/71 epidemic isolate) and to the inclusion bodies of recombinant proteins of full-length ev70 vp1 (gst-vp1m), its non-overlapping terminal fragments n138 (1-138 aa) and c170 (141-310 aa) (or gst-n138m and gst-c170) were developed in rabbits. the anti-ev70 neutralizing activities of the rabbit sera were d ... | 2005 | 15911028 |
| enterovirus 70 binds to different glycoconjugates containing alpha2,3-linked sialic acid on different cell lines. | enterovirus 70 (ev70), the causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, exhibits a restricted tropism for conjunctival and corneal cells in vivo but infects a wide spectrum of mammalian cells in culture. previously, we demonstrated that human cd55 is a receptor for ev70 on hela cells but that ev70 also binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on a variety of other human cell lines. virus recognition of sialic acid attached to underlying glycans by a particular glycosidic linkage may con ... | 2005 | 15890948 |
| binding to decay-accelerating factor is not required for infection of human leukocyte cell lines by enterovirus 70. | enterovirus 70 (ev70) is one of several human enteroviruses that exhibit a propensity for infecting the central nervous system (cns). the mechanisms by which neurotropic enteroviruses gain access to and invade the cns are poorly understood. one possibility is that circulating leukocytes become infected and carry neurotropic enteroviruses to the cns. we examined the ability of ev70 to infect cell lines derived from lymphoid, myeloid, and monocytic lineages. most leukocyte cell lines tested bound ... | 2004 | 14990687 |
| complete genomic sequencing shows that polioviruses and members of human enterovirus species c are closely related in the noncapsid coding region. | the 65 human enterovirus serotypes are currently classified into five species: poliovirus (3 serotypes), human enterovirus a (hev-a) (12 serotypes), hev-b (37 serotypes), hev-c (11 serotypes), and hev-d (2 serotypes). coxsackie a virus (cav) serotypes 1, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 24 constitute hev-c. we have determined the complete genome sequences for the remaining nine hev-c serotypes and compared them with the complete sequences of cav21, cav24, and the polioviruses. the viruses ... | 2003 | 12885914 |
| type i diabetes mellitus: genetic factors and presumptive enteroviral etiology or protection. | we review type 1 diabetes and host genetic components, as well as epigenetics and viruses associated with type 1 diabetes, with added emphasis on the enteroviruses, which are often associated with triggering the disease. genus enterovirus is classified into twelve species of which seven (enterovirus a, enterovirus b, enterovirus c, and enterovirus d and rhinovirus a, rhinovirus b, and rhinovirus c) are human pathogens. these viruses are transmitted mainly by the fecal-oral route; they may also s ... | 2014 | 25574400 |
| enterovirus 70 receptor utilization is controlled by capsid residues that also regulate host range and cytopathogenicity. | enterovirus type 70, an etiologic agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, may bind different cellular receptors depending on cell type. to understand how ev70-receptor interaction is controlled, we studied two variants of the virus with distinct receptor utilization. ev70-rmk, derived by passage in rhesus monkey kidney cells, replicates poorly in hela cells and does not cause cytopathic effects. decay accelerating factor (daf) is not a cell receptor for ev70-rmk. passage of ev70-rmk in hela c ... | 2007 | 17537857 |
| sialic acid functions in enterovirus 70 binding and infection. | the interaction of viruses with host cell receptors is the initial step in viral infection and is an important determinant of virus host range, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis. the complement regulatory protein decay-accelerating factor (daf/cd55) is an attachment receptor for enterovirus 70 (ev70), a member of the picornaviridae, commonly associated with an eye infection in humans known as acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. in early work, the ev70 receptor on erythrocytes, responsible for its h ... | 2002 | 12388686 |
| systemic and ocular antibody responses to inactivated acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) virus; enterovirus 70 (ev70). | evaluate the immune response in rabbits injected with ev70, the agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) and ahc associated neuropathy. | 2003 | 14566646 |
| [typing and identification of non-polio enterovirus from acute flaccid paralysis cases in ningxia, 1997-2011]. | to identify the serotype of 73 non-polio enterovirus (npev) strains from acute flaccid paralysis (afp) cases in ningxia province, during 1997 - 2011. | 2012 | 23290905 |
| [status of enterovirus infection and molecular identification among healthy children at the areas bordering myanmar, in yunnan province, china.] | objective: to explore the enterovirus infection status among healthy children under 15 years old in the border areas of yunnan province that connecting myanmar. methods: a total of 319 stool samples were collected from healthy children in the 10 entrance ports. enterovirus was isolated from these stool samples and then poliovirus and adenovirus were serotyped by neutralization test using specific anti-sera. all the non-polio enteroviruses (npevs) were identified by partial sequencing of vp1 gene ... | 2010 | 21215081 |
| cellular tropism of human enterovirus d species serotypes ev-94, ev-70, and ev-68 in vitro: implications for pathogenesis. | enterovirus 94 (ev-94) is an enterovirus serotype described recently which, together with ev-68 and ev-70, forms human enterovirus d species. this study investigates the seroprevalences of these three serotypes and their abilities to infect, replicate, and damage cell types considered to be essential for enterovirus-induced diseases. the cell types studied included human leukocyte cell lines, primary endothelial cells, and pancreatic islets. high prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against ev- ... | 2010 | 20872722 |
| [Molecular typing of enteroviruses from healthy children in the border areas of Yunnan Province and Myanmar and the genetic characteristics of ECHO7 and ECHO13 in 2009]. | To explore the enteroviruses surveillance among healthy children under 15 years old in the border areas of Yunnan Province and Myanmar in 2009. The stool samples were collected from the healthy children under 15 years old who came from the border areas of Myanmar and Yunnan Province, virus isolation and sequencing were conducted for all the 271 samples. 6 strains of polioviruses (PVs) were detected from 271 stools with an isolation rate of 2.8%, which belonged to vaccine strains and 24 non-polio ... | 2011 | 21874903 |
| [enteroviruses responsible for acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis]. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) is an epidemic form of highly contagious conjunctivitis, characterized by conjunctival hemorrhages. the first ahc outbreak was described in 1969 in ghana, west africa, and was called apollo disease, from the apollo landing on the moon. this outbreak was caused by enterovirus 70 (ev70) together with a coxsackievirus a24 (cva24v) variant, which are the major etiological agents involved in ahc outbreaks worldwide. ahc is known to be directly transmitted by clo ... | 2010 | 19836177 |
| simultaneous detection of enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus a24 variant by multiplex real-time rt-pcr using an internal control. | epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis are always explosive and extensive, and have been recognized as a serious international public health problem. enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus a24 variant have been identified as the major etiological agents in acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks worldwide. a novel multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay was developed for simultaneous detection, identification and quantitation of enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus a24 variant. the specificity, sensi ... | 2009 | 19442840 |
| development of rna interference (rnai) as potential antiviral strategy against enterovirus 70. | enterovirus 70 (ev70) is recognized as the main causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc), a highly contagious viral infection of the eye. currently, there is no available treatment for ev70 infections. in this study, we developed a potential intervention strategy using rna interference (rnai) against ev70 infection in an in vitro system. two synthetic 19-mer sirnas, si-3d1 and si-3d2, were designed to target the 3dpol region of the ev70 genome. significant dosage dependent inhib ... | 2008 | 18428147 |
| molecular typing and epidemiology of non-polio enteroviruses isolated from yunnan province, the people's republic of china. | this report presents an overview of human enteroviruses in yunnan province, the people's republic of china. a total of 210 non-polioviruses isolated under acute flaccid paralysis (afp) surveillance during a total study period of 5 years--1997 to 2000 and 2004--were examined. of the 210 non-poliovirus isolates, 12 adenoviruses were serologically identified, and the remaining 198 isolates were used for molecular typing. the viral genomes of 195 non-polio enteroviruses (npevs) on vp1 partial region ... | 2008 | 18297723 |
| [study on the molecular typing and epidemiology of non-polio enteroviruses isolated from yunnan province, china]. | this report presented an overview on the epidemiology of enterovirus in yunnan province, the people's republic of china. | 2007 | 17850701 |
| [study on the molecular typing and epidemiology of non-polio enterovirus in yunnan province, china during 2006-2010]. | in order to explore the genotype distribution and molecular evolution of non-polio enterovirus (npevs)in yunnan province,the people's republic of china, we sequenced and analyzed the partial vp1 coding region of 105 npevs isolated from acute flaccid paralysis (afp) surveillance in yunnan province during a 5- year study period from 2006 to 2010. the viral genomes of 105 npevs were translated to corresponding amino acid sequences and compared with those of the prototype strains, and the phylogenet ... | 2013 | 23757848 |
| enterovirus 94, a proposed new serotype in human enterovirus species d. | the genus enterovirus (family picornaviridae) contains five species with strains isolated from humans: human enterovirus a (hev-a), hev-b, hev-c, hev-d and poliovirus. in this study, a proposed new serotype of hev-d was characterized. four virus strains were isolated from sewage in egypt and one strain from acute flaccid paralysis cases in the democratic republic of the congo. the complete genome of one environmental isolate, the complete coding sequence of one clinical isolate and complete vp1 ... | 2007 | 17325357 |
| enterovirus d-68: an emerging cause of infection. | the outbreak of enterovirus d-68 (ev-d68) in the united states in 2014 raised great interest due to it affecting large numbers of people and because patients presented with severe respiratory and/or central nervous system involvement. many studies have tried to evaluate the biologic and genetic characteristics of this virus, its association with disease development and the possibility of infection prevention and therapy. the main aim of this paper is to discuss what is presently known and what m ... | 2015 | 26535922 |
| an antiviral small-interfering rna simultaneously effective against the most prevalent enteroviruses causing acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc), a highly contagious eye disease, is caused primarily by either enterovirus 70 (ev70) or coxsackievirus a24 (cva24) infection. yet methods to prevent or cure ahc are not available. recent evidence has shown that small-interfering rnas (sirnas), mediators of posttranscriptional gene knockdown, can act as effective antiviral agents. thus, the authors attempted to develop a novel sirna-based anti-ahc agent effective against both ev70 and cva24. | 2011 | 20739472 |
| enterovirus 68 in children with acute respiratory tract infections, osaka, japan. | enterovirus 68 strains were detected in 14 specimens from children with respiratory tract infections and 1 specimen from a child with febrile convulsions during 2010 in osaka, japan. these strains had deletions in the 5' untranslated region and were genetically different from reported strains. this virus is associated with respiratory tract infections in japan. | 2011 | 21801632 |
| enterovirus d-68 presenting with acute pancreatitis. | | 2015 | 26086482 |
| towards an in vitro model for acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: cytokine-mediated vascular endothelial cell activation triggered by enterovirus type 70 infection. | little is known of the pathogenetic mechanisms of enterovirus type 70 (ev70), a causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. however, virus- or cytokine-induced perturbation of vascular endothelial cells are potential triggering events. | 2004 | 15072749 |
| cdc tracking enterovirus d-68 outbreak causing severe respiratory illness in children in the midwest. | | 2014 | 25268426 |
| upsurge of human enterovirus 68 infections in patients with severe respiratory tract infections. | background: enterovirus 68 (ev68) belongs to species human enterovirus d. it is unique among enteroviruses because it shares properties with human rhinoviruses. after the first isolation in 1962 from four children with respiratory illness, reports of (clusters of) ev68 infections have been rare. during the autumn of 2010, we noticed an upsurge of ev68 infections in the northern part of the netherlands in patients with severe respiratory illness. objectives: to give a detailed description of the ... | 2011 | 21802981 |
| full genome analysis of enterovirus d-68 strains circulating in alberta, canada. | a widespread outbreak of enterovirus (ev)-d68 that started in the summer of 2014 has been reported in the usa and canada. during the course of this outbreak, ev-d68 was identified as a possible cause of acute, unexplained severe respiratory illness and a temporal association was observed between acute flaccid paralysis with anterior myelitis and ev-d68 detection in the upper respiratory tract. in this study, four nasopharyngeal samples collected from patients in alberta, canada with a laboratory ... | 2016 | 26643129 |
| [fruit of the emergence of an enterovirus: acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis]. | first seen in ghana and indonesia in the early 70's, acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis or "apollo 11" disease is an eye infection caused by enterovirus type 70 (ev70). the disease appeared to be a highly contagious conjunctivitis which spread rapidly all over the world. ev70 has been considered as an emerging virus and was classified as a new enterovirus. no human or animal virus genetically similar to ev70 was known before the sudden outcome of the disease in ghana, west africa. ev70 appeared a ... | 2008 | 18957336 |
| enterovirus d-68 infection, prophylaxis, and vaccination in a novel permissive animal model, the cotton rat (sigmodon hispidus). | in recent years, there has been a significant increase in detection of enterovirus d-68 (ev-d68) among patients with severe respiratory infections worldwide. ev-d68 is now recognized as a re-emerging pathogen; however, due to lack of a permissive animal model for ev-d68, a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis and immune response against ev-d68 has been hampered. recently, it was shown that ev-d68 has a strong affinity for α2,6-linked sialic acids (sas) and we have shown previously tha ... | 2016 | 27814404 |