| virus inactivation by grapes and wines. | infusions and extracts of different grapes inactivated poliovirus; agents responsible for this property resided in the skin of the grape. commercial grape juice at both natural and neutral ph inactivate various enteric viruses and herpes simplex virus; a 1,000-fold reduction in poliovirus infectivity occurred after incubation with grape juice, ph 7.0, for 24 h at 4 degrees c. a variety of wines were antiviral but to a lesser extent than grape juice; red wines were more antiviral than white. anti ... | 1976 | 12719 |
| effect of acid ph, salts, and temperature on the infectivity and physical integrity of enteroviruses. | at 2 degrees and 30 degrees c, enteroviruses are more stable on the acid than on the alkaline side of neutrality. in the range from ph 3 to 9, temperature is so influential that the fastest inactivation rate at 2 degrees c is slower than the slowest inactivation rate at 30 degrees c. specific ions or salts also affect the rate of inactivation of enteroviruses. nacl and other chloride salts enhance the inactivation of poliovirus at ph 3. nacl is considerably less effective against poliovirus in t ... | 1976 | 13766 |
| selective inhibiton of uncoating of echovirus 12 by rhodanine. a study on early virus-cell interactions. | | 1977 | 16383 |
| identification of the virucidal agent in wastewater sludge. | anaerobically digested sludge contains an agent that causes irreversible inactivation of poliovirus. it has now been shown that the agent responsible for this activity is ammonia. the effect of ammonia on poliovirus appears to be typical for picornaviruses, but reovirus, an enteric virus of another group, is quite resistant to this compound. because ammonia is not virucidal in its charged state, it expresses significant activity only at ph values greater than 8. therefore, increasing the ph of s ... | 1977 | 17367 |
| the complex reaction kinetics of echo-1 virus with chlorine in water. | | 1977 | 22871 |
| antiviral activity of dipyridamole derivatives. | among 46 novel pyrimido 5.4-d pyrimidine derivatives, 26 compounds were found to exhibit antiviral activity as revealed in a test programme against mengo, coxsackie b1, fowl plague, vaccinia and pseudorabies viruses, as concerns inhibition of plaque formation and of infectious virus yield. attempts to disclose structure-activity relationships by discriminant analysis pointed to a possible importance of hydrophobic substitution for the antiviral effectiveness against mengo virus of the derivative ... | 1978 | 29467 |
| inactivation of enteroviruses by ascorbic acid and sodium bisulfite. | poliovirus type 1, coxsackievirus type a9, and echovirus type 7 were inactivated by sodium bisulfite and ascorbic acid. inactivation rates depended upon concentration, temperature, and ph. rna infectivity was lost during inactivation; the capsid was also altered by these inactivating agents, as determined by enzyme sensitivity assays and by tests of adsorption to cells. structural modifications of the virus particles were not identical, suggesting that the mechanism of inactivation by ascorbic a ... | 1978 | 29558 |
| development of quantitative methods for the detection of enteroviruses in sewage sludges during activation and following land disposal. | the development and evaluation of methods for the quantitative recovery of enteroviruses from sewage sludge are reported. activated sewage sludge solids were collected by centrifugation, and elution of the solid-associated virus was accomplished by mechanical agitation in glycine buffer at ph 11.0. eluted viruses were concentrated either onto an aluminum hydroxide floc or by association with a floc which formed de novo upon adjustment of the glycine eluate to ph 3.5. viruses which remained in th ... | 1978 | 29559 |
| antiviral effect of apple beverages. | a variety of apple beverages were tested for antiviral activity against poliovirus 1 or coxsackievirus b5. freshly prepared apple juice was particularly antiviral, but its activity declined more readily than that of commercial juice in response to heat and storage. the component responsible for activity was located both in the pulp and skin; after ultrafiltration, activity was present in fractions greater and less than molecular weight 10,000. virus infectivity was not restored from virus-apple ... | 1978 | 32832 |
| partial reactivation of chlorine-treated echovirus. | after treatment of a dispersed suspension of echovirus with hocl, much of the lost plaque titer was restored if the treated virus was induced to aggregate by adjustment of the suspending medium to ph 4.5. this did not appear to be a repair of individual virions but rather a special kind of multiplicity-related increase in plaquing efficiency which occurred when the host cell received several of the damaged virions in a clump. | 1979 | 36850 |
| survival of coxsackievirus b3 under diverse environmental conditions. | the survival of coxsackievirus b3 was studied under various conditions of incubation. the comparative study demonstrated that coxsackievirus b3 was stable for 24h (less than 0.4-log decrease in titer) when suspended at neutral ph (6 or 23 degrees c) in the presence of 0.25% bovine serum albumin in saline regardless of whether the preparations were subjected to evaporation. bovine serum albumin provided increased stability to the virus for each of the conditions tested. at 37 degrees c, evaporati ... | 1979 | 39495 |
| ph modification of the effects of detergents on the stability of enteric viruses. | the effect of detergents on the stability of enteric viruses was found to be highly dependent on ph. this was demonstrated primarily with two ionic detergents, sodium dodecyl sulfate (an anionic detergent) and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (a cationic detergent). both detergents were shown to be potent virucidal agents for reovirus, but the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate were minimal near neutrality and much more pronounced at low than at high ph values. dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride ... | 1979 | 42351 |
| enterovirus inactivation in soil. | the inactivation of radioactively labeled poliovirus type 1 and coxsackievirus b 1 in soils saturated with surface water, groundwater, and septic tank liquor was directly proportional to temperature. virus persistence was also related to soil type and the liquid amendment in which viruses were suspended. at 37 degrees c, no infectivity was recovered from saturated soil after 12 days; at 4 degrees c, viruses persisted for at least 180 days. no infectivity was recovered from dried soil regardless ... | 1979 | 44178 |
| low molecular weight substitutes for beef extract as eluents for poliovirus adsorbed to membrane filters. | basic solutions of beef extract and casein were able to elute poliovirus adsorbed to four membrane filters with different chemical compositions. hydrolyzed protein and individual amino acids were able to elute virus adsorbed to certain filters but were unable to elute virus adsorbed to other filters efficiently. a solution of 4 m urea buffered at ph 9 with 0.05 m lysine was able to elute greater than 60% of the virus adsorbed to each of the filters tested. certain solutions of amino acids were c ... | 1979 | 44223 |
| course of coxsackie b antibodies during juvenile diabetes. | sera of 83 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes of early onset were tested for latex agglutination-inhibiting antibodies to coxsackie virus types b1-b5. we could not find any evidence of a causal association between coxsackie b virus infection and diabetes. | 1978 | 45604 |
| fatal echo 30 virus infection and amyloidosis in x-linked hypogammaglobulinemia. | | 1975 | 45851 |
| [the use of rivanol for the removal of echo virus hemagglutination inhibitors from immune sera]. | | 1975 | 55945 |
| antiviral activity in milk of possible clinical importance. | in human and in cow's milk an antiviral activity has been detected which does not seem to be related to antibodies or other known virus inhibitors. the antiviral activity lay in a relatively heat-stable macromolecule belonging to the non-fatty part of milk. | 1976 | 63853 |
| fatal echovirus 11 infections in outbreak in special-care baby unit. | in december, 1977, an outbreak of echovirus 11 infection occurred in the special-care baby unit of the cambridge maternity hospital. 3 neonates died, and of 24 infants on the ward during the epidemic 6 others were infected, 3 with symptoms. 3 infants had similar symptoms but virus could not be isolated. the pathological changes in the 3 fatal infections, have not previously been reported for echovirus 11; nor have fatal infections occurred in an epidemic in a special-care baby unit. | 1978 | 80644 |
| [use of the precipitation reaction for studying viral antibodies in blood sera]. | | 1979 | 89261 |
| virus, immunology and the heart. | | 1979 | 91842 |
| [echovirus encephalitis during bruton disease. favorable development. therapeutic problems]. | a 16 year old boy with bruton type agammaglobulinaemia developed acute encephalitis. echo virus type 3 was isolated on two occasions from the same sample of csf. clinical improvement occured after treatment with gammaglobulin with high anti-echo virus titers given intramuscularly and intrathecally. however the c.s.f. protein is still raised so that it is not certain he has been completely cured. | 1979 | 93470 |
| effect of specific antibodies on chronic echovirus type 5 encephalitis in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia. | the effects of specific antibodies in chronic echovirus type 5 (echo 5) encephalitis were investigated in a patient with x-linked hypogammaglobulinemia. virus was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and blood despite treatment with commercial human gammaglobulin that contained low titers of antibodies to echo 5 (0.6 x 10(4) units per injection). virus disappeared from blood and csf when plasma containing high concentrations of antibodies (total dose, 1--4 x 10(4) units/kg) was administered int ... | 1979 | 94337 |
| the relative effectiveness of commonly used disinfectants in inactivation of echovirus 11. | echovirus 11 in the presence of fetal calf serum was exposed to six commonly used disinfectants for times of 10, 20 and 30 s. at the end of such exposure times, skim milk neutralized disinfectant activity and residual virus was assayed using the plaque technique. the six disinfectants studied were javex, sodium hydroxide, ethanol, wescodyne, one stroke ves-phene, and sonacide. although 0.25% (w/v) sodium hydroxide and 95% (v/v) ethanol were equally virucidal and significantly more so than the ot ... | 1978 | 99474 |
| role of respiratory viruses in childhood mortality. | respiratory viruses have been identified at necropsy in the lungs of 13 out of 24 children who died with observed acute respiratory illness. the histological appearances of the lungs supported the association between virus and death in each of these 13 children and suggested an unidentified virus aetiology in a further five cases. histological appearances compatible with bacterial infection were found in the lungs of only two of the 24 children. similar virus and histological findings have been ... | 1975 | 163114 |
| virus development in enucleate cells: echovirus, poliovirus, pseudorabies virus, reovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and semliki forest virus. | a group of rna viruses, echovirus, poliovirus, reovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and semliki forest virus have been examined for ability to grow in enucleate african green monkey kidney (bsci) cells. semliki forest virus produced an almost normal yield of virus but poliovirus, echovirus, reovirus and respiratory syncytial virus, although showing clear evidence of virus replication when compared with a nuclear dna virus (pseudorabies virus) gave much lower yields than those from nucleate cell ... | 1975 | 163289 |
| a comparative study of agar overlay and standard tissue culture methods for isolation of enteroviruses. | a study was made of the isolation of enteroviruses from 62 cerebrospinal fluids and 141 autopsy specimens with standard fluid monolayer tissue culture methods and tissue cultures under agar overlay with and without added mgcl2 (0.025m). sixteen virus isolations were made only by the overlay method, two only by the standard technique, and six by both procedures. additional studies were carried out on 975 diagnostic specimens of various types with standard tissue culture methods and with primary r ... | 1975 | 163480 |
| [persistence of latex agglutination inhibition antibodies in rabbits following application of poliomyelitis-, coxsackie-, echo- and encephalomyocarditis viruses. brief report]. | | 1975 | 164163 |
| the importance of picornavirus infections in respiratory disease of man and other mammals. | picornaviruses may be divided, by physicochemical properties, into enteroviruses, cardioviruses, caliciviruses, rhinoviruses and foot-and-mouth diseases viruses. although the respiratory tract may be the primary site of entry and multiplication for enteroviruses, cardioviruses and fmd viruses, few agents in these groups cause respiratory disease. a notable exception is coxsackievirus a21 which is an important cause of upper respiratory tract diseases in military recruits. the picornaviruses whic ... | 1975 | 165133 |
| organ culture of human aorta: prolonged survival with support of viral replication. | organ cultures were established with use of human fetal aorta obtained after death; cellular elements were preserved in the cultures for periods of up to eight weeks, with maintenance of their in vivo tissue relationships. histologically, these cultures preserve the three coats of the aorta, including an intact endothelial layer cells. the aorta organ cultures supported the replication of echovirus 11, herpes simplex virus type 1, adenovirus 2, and coxsackievirus b5 without the production of det ... | 1975 | 165246 |
| serologic characterization and sero-epidemiologic studies on acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) virus. | serologic and sero-epidemiologic characteristics of ahc virus infection were studied by neutralization test (nt). four-fold or greater virus neutralizing (vn) antibody response was demonstrated to the japanese isolate of ahc virus (the j 670/71 strain) in 77.3% and 66.7% of paired sera from clinical ahc patients in japan (1971-1973) and tunisia (1973). the four patients from indonesia studied in 1972 showed similar antibody response. cross-neutralization tests of ahc virus isolated in japan (197 ... | 1975 | 165719 |
| virus isolation and titration at 33 degrees and 37 degrees c. | various prototype viruses and original specimens were comparatively titrated in cell cultures at 33 degrees and 37 degrees c. higher titers at 37 degrees were consistently obtained with adenoviruses; for other viruses (enteroviruses, herpesvirus hominis, vaccinia virus, parainfluenza viruses) the titers were mostly identical at either temperature. original specimens and prototye strains showed the same behavior. the habit to cultivate viruses from throat swabs at 33 degrees c is unsatisfactory f ... | 1975 | 167268 |
| surveillance of enterovirus infections in bangkok. i. isolation of enterovirus from faecal specimens of healthy children. | during the period august 1970 through july 1973, about 50 faecal specimens collected each month from healthy pre-school children of lower economic status in bangkok were studied for virus isolation using primary monkey kidney cells and new born mice. from a total of 1,823 samples, 557 (30.5%) were positive: 86 (4.8%) polioviruses, 77 (4.2%) coxsackieviruses b, 223 (12.2%) echoviruses, and 127 strains (7.0%) of unidentified viruses. altogether, 45 serotypes of enteric viruses were identified. mor ... | 1975 | 167453 |
| demonstration of virus in groundwater after effluent discharge onto soil. | the survival of virus present in secondary effluents discharged into a cypress dome was studied. isolations were made from concentrates of water drawn from 10-foot (304.80 cm) deep wells. data presented show vertical and lateral virus movement as well as survival within the dome for 28 days during a period of heavy rains when no effluent was being applied. due to the inefficiency of virus concentration procedures, it is proposed that much of the virus present was probably not demonstrated. a rap ... | 1975 | 168809 |
| removal of enteroviruses from sewage by bench-scale rotary-tube trickling filters. | the efficacy of a rotary-tube type of trickling filter for removing coxsackievirus a9, poliovirus 1, and echovirus 12 suspended in raw settled sewage was investigated. at filtration rates equivalent to about 10 mgd (million gallons per day)/acre (ca. 3,785 m3/day per acre), the filters removed 95% of the poliovirus, 83% of echovirus 12, and 94% of coxsackievirus a9. coliform, fecal streptococci, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand removals were remarkably similar, averaging 94, ... | 1975 | 169731 |
| production of species-unspecific antiviral inhibitors in cell-cultures and in chicken embryos under the influence of pyrazolon derivatives. | | 1975 | 169855 |
| [sensitivity of various primate cells and animal viruses to the antiviral activity of human leukocyte interferon (author's transl)]. | u cells (a permanent, human amnion cell line) were protected against infection with semliki forest virus (sfv) by human interferon (hif) from peripheral leukocytes. despite the usual genus-specific action of interferons, mouse l929 cultures (a permanent mouse fibroblast cell line) were also protected by hif. the antiviral action of hif in six other primate cell cultures was also examined. it is of interest that two lymphoblastoid cell lines, rpmi1788 and kaplan, were insensitive to hif. the sens ... | 1975 | 170886 |
| [effect of sodium salicylate on the "in vitro" development of rna viruses (author's transl)]. | sodium salicylate 10(-3) m is able to limit the number of plaques induced by rna viruses on monkey kidney cell cultures (cercopithecus aethiops and macaccus rhesus). however, the inhibition rate changes with the virus type or even the strain used. poliovirus 2, coxsackie b3, echovirus and reovirus 1 were the most susceptible to the inhibitory effect of the drug. latent infection caused by sv5 decreases the antiviral activity of salicylate. the stages of the poliovirus type 2 growth affected by s ... | 1975 | 171988 |
| studies on the survival and fate of enteroviruses in an experimental model of a municipal solid waste landfill and leachate. | in laboratory scale municipal solid waste lysimeters containing simulated refuse, and seeded with either laboratory or field strains of poliovirus type 1 and echovirus type 7, viruses were not detected in the lysimeter leachate produced over a 4-month period. in addition, viruses were detected in the lysimeter refuse contents after termination of lysimeter operation. these results appeared to be due to virus retention in the lysimeter caused by virus adsorption and virus inactivation. evidence f ... | 1975 | 172012 |
| [respiratory tract infections of viral origin in infants. examination of 103 serum pairs in autumn and following spring]. | in autumn 1973 und about four months later in spring 1974 blood samples were taken from the same 103 children aged from a few months to five years and coming from different parts of bavaria. we examined the samples for complement-fixing antibodies against the influenza virus types a, b and c, the parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3, the adenoviruses and the respiratory-syncytial virus, and for neutralising antibodies against the echo virus type 25. at the commencement of the investigation the m ... | 1975 | 172769 |
| comparative sensitivity of the bgm cell line for isolation of enteric viruses. | the bgm line of african green monkey kidney cells was less sensitive than primary rhesus monkey kidney cells or human fetal diploid kidney cells for isolation of certain echoviruses and adenoviruses from fecal specimens. | 1976 | 178630 |
| [permissivity of mouse-man hybrid cell clones to three enteroviruses: poliovirus ii, coxsackie b3 and echovirus 11. role of human chromosome f. 19 (author's transl)]. | the permissivity of human cells to enteroviruses is linked to the presence of specific cell receptors. owing to the chance elimination of human chromosomes, the man-mouse hybrid cells may be permissive or not depending on the genome responsible for synthesis of the receptors, and whether it has been conserved or not. by comparison of the cytopathogenic effects and virus production after inoculation of the viruses polio ii, echo 11 and coxsachie b3 to various hybrid strains, we observed an identi ... | 1976 | 180477 |
| demonstration of solids-associated virus in wastewater and sludge. | data presented demonstrate the relatively high multiplicity of solids-associated virus in field samples, i.e., wastewater, sludge, and soils. influent, effluent, and chlorinated effluent samples showed 16.1 to 100% of the total virus demonstrated in samples to be solids associated. three techniques for freeing solids-associated virus are described and compared. using sonication of solids and polyethylene glycol concentration, virus was demonstrated in fully digested sludge (60 days at 34 c), san ... | 1976 | 180882 |
| stability of human enteroviruses in estuarine and marine waters. | studies of the effects of temperature and salinity on the survival of three enteric viruses (poliomyelitis type 1, echovirus-6, and coxsackievirus b-5) under controlled laboratory conditions and in situ indicate that temperature rather than salinity is the critical factor affecting their stability, in that the higher the temperature the more rapid was the loss of viral infectivity. in the laboratory studies, all three viruses were quite stable at 4 degrees c, with infectious virus still detectab ... | 1976 | 184736 |
| [hand, foot and mouth disease]. | two characteristic cases encountered in young adults led the authors to present the hand foot and mouth syndrome. they report the characteristic distribution and vesicular appearance of the lesions. the course was benign. the viral origin of the disease was more or less easily confirmed by cell culture, inoculation in new born mice and demonstration of antibodies. usually the virus was a coxackie a 16. however in one of the authors cases, an echo 11 was demonstrated. the apparent rareness of the ... | 1976 | 186899 |
| detection of virus in water: sensitivity of the tentative standard method for drinking water. | the sensitivity of several microporous virus-adsorbent media for reliably detecting low levels of poliovirus from 380 and 1,900 liters of drinking water by use of the tentative standard method was investigated. the virus-adsorbent media tested were (i) nitrocellulose membrane filters, (ii) epoxy-fiber glass-asbestos filters, (iii) yarn-wound fiber glass depth filters, and (iv) epoxy-fiber glass filter tubes. virus was adsorbed to the filter media at ph 3.5 and eluted with glycine buffer, ph 11.5 ... | 1976 | 187116 |
| coxsackie b2 virus infection and acute-onset diabetes in a child. | | 1977 | 192407 |
| enteroviruses other than poliovirus. | the role of enteroviruses in certain specific disease--cardiac disease, nephritis, diabetes, and hemorrhagic conjunctivitis--is examined. it has now been well documented that coxsackievirus b (types cb1 through cb5 but not cb6) is the main pathogen involved in various clinical forms of viral heart disease. coxsackievirus a (ca4 and ca16) and echovirus (types 9 and 22) may also be associated with viral heart disease. in regard to the etiologic role of enteroviruses in nephritis, pancreatitis, and ... | 1976 | 193602 |
| echovirus 12-induced host cell shutoff is prevented by rhodanine. | | 1977 | 194165 |
| comparison of primary rhesus and cynomolgus monkey kidney cell cultures for viral isolation from clinical specimens. | rhesus monkey kidney and cynomolgus monkey kidney cell cultures were compared for viral isolation by using clinical specimens that yielded 203 viral isolates. cynomolgus and rhesus monkey kidney cells were comparable for the isolation of 22 adenoviruses, 12 coxsackieviruses, and one poliovirus. four of 50 echoviruses and seven of ten herpesviruses were detected only in cynomolgus monkey kidney cells. influenza virus was isolated in 84 instances, of which eight were detected only in rhesus and fo ... | 1977 | 195459 |
| [importance of the results of a virological examination of sewage. a comparison of the series of enteroviruses isolated from sewage and from the feces of virus excreters]. | simultaneous examinations for the presence of enteroviruses were carried out on sewage of the central aeration station, periferal collectors of the most populous institutions, preschool children's institutions as well as feces of children attending these institutions in a community of urban type. a high degree of coincidence of spectra of enteroviruses isolated from sewage of the central station, periferal collectors, sewage of children's institutions, and from the feces of most virus excretors ... | 1977 | 201103 |
| the viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in children in uganda. | the role of viruses in respiratory diseases of young children in uganda was studied. a viral etiology was established in 36% of the infections investigated. the most important pathogens were found to be respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viruses, which were responsible for 26% of infections investigated. they caused both upper and lower respiratory tract diseases. there was little or no seasonal variation in the etiology of these infections. adenoviruses were found to be less importan ... | 1977 | 201391 |
| a simple method for concentration of enteroviruses and rotaviruses from cell culture harvests using membrane filters. | organic compounds in cell culture harvests known as membrane-coating components (mcc) prevent virus adsorption to membrane filters. blending cell culture harvests with fluorocarbon removed the mcc and permitted adsorption of virus in acidified harvests to epoxy-fiberglass filters. subsequent elution with high ph buffer resulted in recovery of greater than 90% of the virus with concentrations of up to 100-fold. | 1978 | 202572 |
| rd cells in the laboratory diagnosis of enteroviruses. | it is shown that, in addition to the already known replication of coxsackie a viruses, 16 out of 18 different types of echo viruses tested as well as all three types of polioviruses can also be grown in rd cells with the development of a pronounced cpe. one of the exceptions, echo virus type 16, can be propagated in either hel or hfdk cells and the other, echo virus type 22, in vero cells. these four permanent or semi-permanent cell cultures thus prove very useful for the isolation of most of th ... | 1977 | 203835 |
| aggregation of enterovirus small plaque variants and polioviruses under low ionic strength conditions. | virion aggregation in low ionic conditions was observed with small plaque variants of coxsackievirus type b3 and echovirus types 4 and 11 by sedimentation and filtration methods. inclusion of salts or deae-dextran into the media prevented or reversed virion aggregation. the effect of ph on aggregate formation in low ionic strength solutions was also investigated with various strains of poliovirus. type i sabin strain formed aggregates even at high ph, while mahoney strains did so only below ph 6 ... | 1978 | 204734 |
| role of sediment in the persistence of enteroviruses in the estuarine environment. | the survival of four enteroviruses commonly found in sewage effluents was examined when the viruses were adsorped to marine sediments in estuarine water and compared with virus survival in estuarine water alone. echovirus 1, coxsackieviruses b3 and a9, and poliovirus 1 survived longer when associated with marine sediment. when the estuarine water was polluted with secondarily treated sewage effluent, virus survived for prolonged periods in sediments, but not in the overlaying estuarine water. | 1978 | 206204 |
| intranuclear crystal formation in picornavirus-infected cells. | cells infected with echovirus or poliovirus were incubated at a suboptimal temperature (28 degrees c). when the cells were examined by electron microscopy, not only were crystalline arrays of mature virus particles observed in the cytoplasm but crystals composed of immature virus-like particles were also evident in the less electron-dense central region of the nucleus. immunofluorescent and autoradiographic studies revealed the presence of viral proteins and rna in the nucleus. these findings st ... | 1978 | 208486 |
| [virological and pathological long term observation of pancreatitis in mice infected with coxsackie virus b3 (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 211725 |
| [rapid virus diagnosis by electrosyneresis (author's transl)]. | electrosyneresis (counter-current immunoelectrophoresis) detected the presence of 7 coxsackieviruses and 1 poliovirus in 70 specimens of stools. identical results were obtained by inoculation of mice and tissue cultures. first screening of specimens was undertaken with a human "standard" gammaglobulin; only specimens precipitating with this reagent contained viral antigens. hence, especially in children, all negative stools could be excluded from subsequent tests with antiserum pools and monospe ... | 1978 | 211893 |
| survey of human virus occurrence in wastewater-recharged groundwater on long island. | treated wastewater effluents and groundwater observation wells from three sewage recharge installations located on long island were assayed on a monthly basis for indigenous human enteroviruses and coliform bacteria for a period of 1 year. viruses were detected in groundwater at sites where recharge basins were located less than 35 feet (ca. 10.6 m) above the aquifer. results from one of the sites indicated the horizontal transfer of viable viruses through the groundwater aquifer. | 1978 | 211935 |
| virus-induced diabetes mellitus. xv. beta cell damage and insulin-dependent hyperglycemia in mice infected with coxsackie virus b4. | coxsackie virus b4 that had been passaged in cultures enriched for pancreatic beta cells produced a diabetes-like syndrome when inoculated into sjl/j mice. the infection resulted in insulitis and destruction of beta cells. viral antigens were found in beta cells by staining with fluorescein-labeled antibody to coxsackie virus b4. the destruction of beta cells led to a decrease in the immunoreactive insulin content of the pancreas and hypoinsulinemia. the reduction in immunoreactive insulin corre ... | 1978 | 212506 |
| [suppression of viral reproduction by means of specific action on the cell]. | | 1978 | 212895 |
| coxsackie b4 viral infection, anti-islet immunity and immunogenetics in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. | the interrelationship between coxsackie b4 (cb4) virus antibodies, islet-cell antibodies and hla b8 was studied in 67 patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus (jod). in 41 jod patients (61%) cb4 antibodies (greater than 1:4) were found. a high prevalence (69%) of significant cb4 antibody titers (greater than 1:64) was observed in patients with age at onset between 11 and 20 years compared with those with age at onset below or over that age-range (27% and 33%, respectively). islet-cell anti ... | 1978 | 212915 |
| a high density component in several vertebrate enteroviruses. | in addition to the major infective component, which bands at a density of 1:34 g/ml in caesium chloride ("light component"), a component with a density of 1:44 g/ml ("heavy component") has been found in harvests of poliovirus (type i), coxsackie b5 virus, a bovine enterovirus (vg-5-27) and swine vesicular disease virus (svdv). with svdv about 98% of the infectivity equilibrated at 1 . 34 g/ml but approx. 2% was present as a peak at 1 . 44 g/ml. the morphology of the two forms was similar but the ... | 1975 | 213532 |
| coxsackievirus in an infant chimpanzee. | coxsackie b viruses may cause a severe, often fatal, illness in newborn and infant human subjects. as recorded in this case, infant chimpanzees respond similarly to coxsackie b-5 virus. | 1978 | 213604 |
| coxsackievirus b cardiopathy and angiopathy in the hypercholesterolemic host. | studies on the pathogenic potential of the human cardiotropic enterovirus, coxsackievirus b5, show that this agent localizes and replicates in the aorta of mice. nutritionally-induced hypercholesterolemia leads to an increased replication and persistence of virus in tissues, specifically the aorta. coxsackievirus b cardiopathy is markedly augmented in the hypercholesterolemic host, resulting in a persistent cardiomyolysis which is not evident in virus-infected animals with normal cholesterol lev ... | 1978 | 214092 |
| [formation of heterosymplasts in human reticular cell cultures]. | the cell fusion has been studied in human reticular cell cultures j-96 and j-41 treated with the sendai virus or with polyethylene glycol 1000 and 6000. the j-96 cells have a high alkaline phosphatase activity, in j-41 cells the enzyme is not detectable. no heterogenous alkaline phosphatase activity was seen in the protoplasm of symplasts 18 hours after virus cell fusion. it has been shown with polyethylene glycol treatment that during the fusion of cells j-96 and j-41 the enzyme activity was sp ... | 1978 | 214917 |
| viral pollution of surface waters due to chlorinated primary effluents. | the role of chlorinated primary effluents in viral pollution of the ottawa river (ontario) was assessed by examining 282 field samples of wastewaters from two different sewage treatment plants over a 2-year period. the talc-celite technique was used for sample concentration, and bs-c-1 cells were employed for virus detection. viruses were detected in 80% (75/94) of raw sewage, 72% (68/94) of primary effluent, and 56% (53/94) of chlorinated effluent samples. both raw sewage and primary effluent s ... | 1978 | 215085 |
| the relative effectiveness of commonly used disinfectants in inactivation of coxsackievirus b5. | coxsackievirus b5 in the presence of fetal calf serum was exposed to six commonly used disinfectants for times of 10, 20 and 30 s. at the end of exposure times skim milk neutralized the disinfectant activity, with residual virus assayed by the plaque technique. the six disinfectants considered were javex, sodium hydroxide, ethanol, wescodyne, one stroke ves-phene and sonacide. although 95% (v/v) ethanol was significantly more virucidal than dilutions of the other five disinfectants tested causin ... | 1978 | 215674 |
| potentiation of coxsackievirus b3 infection in adult mice pretreated with a gold salt. | in mice treated with sodium aurothiomalate (myocrisin), prior to infection with coxsackievirus b3, 90% of the animals died by the 11th day postinfection (p.i.). a mortality of 10% was noted in mice receiving myocrisin only, and no deaths occurred in animals infected with virus alone. the highest amount of virus was recovered from the pancreas of myocrisin-treated mice on day 3 p.i. this was over 500-fold higher than the virus titer found in the pancreas of mice infected with virus only. generall ... | 1978 | 215719 |
| coxsackie myocarditis complicating treatment of hodgkin's lymphoma. | a fatal case of coxsackie b4 myocarditis complicating treatment of hodgkin's lymphoma in an adult is reported. the virus was isolated from the myocardium obtained at autopsy and light microscopy confirmed a myocarditis with involvement of the conduction system. electron-microscopy showed dense mitochondrial inclusions. coxsackie myocarditis rarely results in death of affected adults. it is postulated in this case that the treatment of the hodgkin's lymphoma resulted in b lymphocyte depletion, al ... | 1978 | 216341 |
| [pancreatic lesion in newborn mice caused by coxsackie b1 virus]. | changes in the pancreatic gland manifested by necrosis of excretory cells and marked atrophy of insulae with the loss of beta-cells producing insulin were observed experimentally in suckling mice infected with coxsackie b1 virus. it is suggested that the above changes of the pancreas may be a model of human diseases caused by coxsackie viruses, including a model of development of some cases of diabetes. | 1978 | 217317 |
| assessment of coxsackievirus b3 ts mutants for induction of myocarditis in a murine model. | ten temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants isolated from a myocarditis-inducing wild-type (wt) coxsackievirus b3 parent did not induce myocarditis in adolescent cd-1 mice. an avirulent prototype ts mutant from one of the three complementation groups adsorbed to murine cardiac tissue, as did wt virus. heart tissues from mice inoculated with wt virus contained 100- to 1,000-fold more virus than heart tissues from mice inoculated with any of the three prototype ts mutants. wt virus exhibited a greater ... | 1979 | 217832 |
| coxsackie a 13 virus in the foci of rheumatism. | faeces and nasopharyngeal washing were examined in 12 patients and 27 contacts of these patients in family foci (primary foci) of rheumatism and in 37 patients and 32 contacts of these patients in secondary foci of rheumatism (in hospitals). results of stimultaneous examinations of 127 children of the control groups served as the control. an analysis of the results of the investigation showed the coxsackie a 13 virus was found considerably more frequently in both the patients (83.3%) and their c ... | 1978 | 217930 |
| easily hydrolyzable, water-soluble derivatives of (+/-)-alpha-5-[1-(indol-3-yl)ethyl]-2-methylamino-delta2-thiazoline-4-one, a novel antiviral compound. | the preparation of a series of indole n-acyl and n-carbamic esters of (+/-)-alpha-5-[1-(indol-3-yl)ethyl]-2-methylamino-delta2-thiazolin-4-one (1) is reported. these derivatives were synthesized as potential water-soluble precursors of the antiviral thiazolinone 1, for evaluation by intranasal administration against influenza and other respiratory infections caused by viruses. salts of the basic carbamic esters (16--19) possess the required water solubility, undergo rapid hydrolysis and decarbox ... | 1979 | 218010 |
| viral pericarditis in patients receiving hemodialysis. | four patients with end-stage renal disease in whom pericarditis developed while they received intermittent hemodialysis therapy were evaluated for viral infection. we found high or rising serum antibody titers to influenza virus a (three patients) and coxsackievirus b (one patient). cardiac tamponade occurred in three patients, requiring pericardiectomy in two; each patient eventually recovered. viral pericarditis may be an important cause of "uremic" pericarditis in chronically dialyzed patient ... | 1979 | 218513 |
| isolation of a virus from the pancreas of a child with diabetic ketoacidosis. | a healthy 10-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital in diabetic ketoacidosis within three days of onset of symptoms of a flu-like illness. he died seven days later and post-mortem examination showed lymphocytic infiltration of the islets of langerhans and necrosis of beta cells. inoculation of mouse, monkey and human cell cultures with homogenates from the patient's pancreas led to isolation of a virus. serologic studies revealed a rise in the titer of neutralizing antibody to this virus from ... | 1979 | 219345 |
| the etiology of diabetes mellitus. | | 1979 | 219346 |
| neutralization of aggregated strains of enterovirus 71 and echovirus type 4 in rd and vero or gmk-ah1 cells. | strains of enterovirus 71 and echovirus type 4 containing aggregates which were poorly neutralized by antibody in cell lines of green monkey kidney origin such as vero and gmk-ah1, were as easily neutralized as non-aggregated strains when grown in human rd cells, the explanation for this may be a lesser degree of aggregation of viral materials originating from rd cells and/or the use of lower doses of virus for neutralization tests in such cells. the latter was a consequence of a higher sensitiv ... | 1979 | 219662 |
| immune response of mice to coxsackie b4 virus infection. | | 1978 | 220187 |
| enterovirus infection in a semi-closed community. | infection with enteroviruses was studied over a 61-week period (during 1960-61) in a semi-closed child community in the detention home of the allegheny county juvenile court in pittsburgh, pennsylvania. while most of the viruses isolated were known adeno- and enterovirus types, three apparently represent new enterovirus types or 'prime strains'. viruses were isolated in all but 6 weeks of the 61-week study period from the gastro-intestinal tracts of 110 children out of a total population of 514 ... | 1979 | 220514 |
| pathogenesis of chronic myocarditis in mice infected with coxsackie b3 viruses. | infection of 300 mice of the swiss race with coxsackie b3 viruses gave rise to chronic myocarditis and endocarditis. the virus was cultured from the heart muscle 9 days post infection. between days 18 and 108 post infection, virtually all mice showed evidence of an active inflammatory process in the myocardium, and in one half there was proliferation of endothelial cells, and infitration and fibrosis in the endocardium. immunomorphologic studies demonstrated the precence of antiheart antibodies ... | 1979 | 220933 |
| csf viral antibodies. evaluation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and late-onset postpoliomyelitis progressive muscular atrophy. | serum and csf from 48 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and six patients with late-onset postpoliomyelitis progressive muscular atrophy were investigated for the presence of antibody to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, coxsackie viruses b3 and b4, influenza a, measles, rubella, mumps, herpes simplex types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster, and toxoplasma gondii. these results were compared with those from 53 control patients with neuromuscular disease matched for age, sex, race, ... | 1979 | 220938 |
| fractionation and immunologic assessment of kcl-extracted cardiac antigens in coxsackievirus b3 virus-induced myocarditis. | hypertonic salt extracts prepared from the heart tissues of adolescent cd-1 mice were fractionated on sephadex g-100 columns. two separate fractions were obtained. fraction i, containing the antigenic immunoreactive activity, was able to inhibit the migration of cvb3-ppd immune mouse peritoneal exudate cells (impec) as well as pec from mice infected with cvb3 virus alone. fraction ii did not have antigenic activity as assessed by the agarose droplet cell migration inhibition assay. as controls, ... | 1979 | 221592 |
| migration of epithelial cells in the small intestine of mice perorally infected with coxsackievirus b5. | the rate of cell migration in the small intestine during enteric viral infections has not been assessed previously. cd-1 mice (33 days old) were infected perorally with 1.0 x 10(8) plague-forming units of coxsackievirus b5 and 12 hr later were injected intraperitoneally with 2 micron ci of [3h]thymidine/g of body weight. after 2, 12, 24, 48, 60, and 72 hr, mice were killed, and the small intestine was removed. specimens obtained at each interval were examined by radioautography; similar specimen ... | 1979 | 221595 |
| [the antiviral activity of performic acid (author's transl)]. | under the experimental conditions chosen by the authors, it was demonstrated that the antiviral activity of performic acid against coxsackie virus b 1 is greater than that of peracetic acid. | 1979 | 221942 |
| virus isolated from juvenile diabetic. | | 1979 | 221976 |
| lesions induced by encephalomyocarditis virus and coxsackievirus b in newborn mice. | electron microscopic studies of various tissues from virus-infected newborn mice disclosed a consistent form of viral cytonecrotic ultrastructural lesion in divergent types of cells (myocardial, valvular fibroblastic, aortic, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic, and hepatic cells) due to three different picornaviruses (coxsackieviruses b4 and b1 and encephalomyocarditis virus). the lesion is characterized by numerous membrane-vesicle complexes, margination of nuclear chromatin or nuclear pyknosis, ... | 1979 | 222229 |
| electron microscopic studies of viral pancreatitis in coxsackie b4 virus infected mice. | | 1979 | 222603 |
| antibodies to coxsackie b viruses in congestive cardiomyopathy. | fifty patients with congestive cardiomyopathy have been studied for evidence of previous coxsackie b virus infection and compared with age- and sex-matched controls who had been admitted to hospital for investigation of other cardiac diseases. high neutralisation titres (greater than or equal to 1024) to coxsackie b viruses were more common among the controls. on subdividing the patients according to their length of symptomatic history before study, high titres were more common only in those wit ... | 1979 | 223612 |
| does insulin dependent diabetes mellitus have a viral etiology? | clinical, epidemiological, and experimental observations suggest that common viruses may play an etiologic role in at least some cases of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. the evidence is summarized and critically assessed in this presentation. | 1979 | 223962 |
| [clinical analysis of 78 cases of viral myocarditis]. | | 1979 | 224241 |
| [viral infection in the etiology of juvenile diabetes mellitus]. | | 1979 | 224376 |
| selective polymyositis inducted by coxsackievirus b1 in mice. | a high-passage laboratory strain of coxsackievirus b1 produced a unique myositis that predominantly and profoundly affected hip extensors and, to a lesser extent, hindquarter knee flexors when inoculated into a strain of random-bred newborn mice of swiss origin (coh mice). the effect was not observed in balb/c or c3h mice similarly inoculated. in addition to the differences in susceptibility of the mouse strains, it was found that six different low-passage "field" isolates of coxsackie-virus b1 ... | 1979 | 225392 |
| properties of coxsackievirus b3 variants which are amyocarditic or myocarditic for mice. | inoculation of adolescent cd-1 mice with one variant of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3m) results in induction of readily observable myocardial lesions, whereas inoculation of siblings with a second variant (cvb3o) results in little or no myocarditis. these variants could not be distinquished from each other on the basis of replication properties in hela cells or cardiac tissues in vivo, sensitivity to human interferon in hela cells, induction of interferon in the mouse, generation of detectable levels ... | 1979 | 225441 |
| effects of viral exposure of the two-cell mouse embryo on cleavage and blastocyst formation in vitro. | the effect of viral exposure of two-cell mouse embryos on their capacity to undergo subsequent cleavage and blastocyst formation in vitro was determined. exposure to coxsackie viruses b-4 and b-6, reovirus type 2, influenza virus type a, mouse cytomegalovirus, adenovirus type 5, and mouse adenovirus resulted in statistically significant inhibition of blastocyst formation. development in vitro was unaffected by exposure to echo virus type 11, attenuated poliomyelitis virus type 2, parainfluenza v ... | 1979 | 225719 |
| virus-induced diabetes mellitus: infection of mice with variants of encephalomyocarditis virus, coxsackievirus b4, and reovirus type 3. | | 1979 | 227239 |
| effect of antiviral lipids, heat, and freezing on the activity of viruses in human milk. | semliki forest virus (sfv), herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), coxsackievirus b4, and cytomegalovirus (cmv) were added to human milk, which was then subjected to treatments that approximated those required for the decontamination or storage of milk. boiling was the only treatment that eliminated these viruses from the milk. pasteurization (at 62.5 c for 30 min) did destroy cmv, but the other viruses could still be detected. all of the viruses except hsv-1 were detectable after the contaminated ... | 1979 | 227969 |
| [does an autoimmune process play a role in the pathogenesis of obstructive cardiomyopathy? (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 228507 |
| factors involved in enzyme-linked immunoassay of viruses and evaluation of the method for identification of enteroviruses. | a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for identification of selected enteroviruses: poliovirus type 1, echovirus type 6, coxsackievirus a type 9, and coxsackievirus b types 1 through 6. partially purified viral antigens or virus-specific antibodies were adsorbed to polystyrene spectrophotometer cuvettes, which permitted the assays to be reported and compared in terms of enzyme units specifically reacting. both the adsorbed antigen and the adsorbed antibody methods were approx ... | 1979 | 229122 |