| endo-arabinanase from bacillus subtilis f-11. | an arabinanase was purified from the culture fluid of bacillus subtilis f-11. the process was as follows: salting out by (nh4)2so4, repeated chromatography on hydroxy apatite and gel filtration on sepharose-6b. the purified enzyme was demonstrated to be homogeneous by disc electrophoresis. the enzyme was found to be active on arabinan and 1,5-arabinan, but inactive on phenyl alpha-l-arabinofuranoside, p-nitrophenyl beta-d-galactopyranoside, arabinoxylan, gum arabic. the enzyme released arabinose ... | 1975 | 1096 |
| effects of divalent cations and sodium taurocholate on pancreatic lipase activity with gum arabic-emulsified tributyrylglycerol substrates. | the effects of ca2+ and/or sodium taurocholate on lipase activity with gum arabic-emulsified tributyrylglycerol substrates were investigated. calcium was found to slightly increase lipase activity while bile salts showed marked inhibition except at very low concentrations. calcium eliminated inhibition seen with low concentrations of bile salts and reduced the inhibition seen at higher bile shift of the enzyme from the alkaline region in the absence of bile salt to the slightly acidic region in ... | 1977 | 13848 |
| carboxylic ester hydrolases in the thyroid gland of the guinea-pig. a light microscopic study. | the location of cholinesterase and non-specific esterase in the thyroid gland of the guniea-pig was studied with the light microscope. it was found that the idoxyl method for non-specific esterase activity under special conditions is superior to the cholinesterase method in a number of respects for the demonstration of the intra-, inter- and parafollicular cells. when using the indoxyl method the incubation period can be reduced from 2.5-3 hr to 40-50 min. further, the reaction can be followed d ... | 1976 | 57946 |
| [substrate specificity of lipase from pseudomonas fluorescens]. | substrate specificity of lipase isolated from the culture liquid filtrate of pseudomonas fluorescens bkm-b-1151 was investigated with respect to vegetable oils and animal fats (olive, sunflower, cotton, mustard and soybean oils; beef and hog fats and their glycerides and fatty acid esters). the preparation showed a high specificity to the quantitative composition of the reaction mixture (substrate: enzyme ratio), chemical structure of the substrate, and the emulgator type (gelatine, gum arabic a ... | 1978 | 97652 |
| glycogen, hyaluronate, and some other polysaccharides greatly enhance the formation of exolipase by serratia marcescens. | among 21 different polysaccharides tested, 5 greatly enhanced the spontaneous and cyclic amp-induced formation of exolipase: glycogen, hyaluronate, laminarin, pectin b, and gum arabic. these polysaccharides have in common the tendency to form highly ordered networks because of the branching or helical arrangement, or both, of their molecules. none of the polysaccharides could be utilized by the cells as the sole carbon source. strong lipid extraction of four different polysaccharides did not red ... | 1979 | 222724 |
| purification and properties of an anti-b hemagglutinin produced by streptomyces sp. | an anti-b hemagglutinin was purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of a strain of streptomyces sp. by affinity chromatography. the streptomyces hemagglutinin was adsorbed to insolubilized gum arabic and eluted with 1 m nacl containing 1 m d-galactose. the purified hemagglutinin is thought to be homogeneous judging from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at ph 7.2, disc gel electrophoresis at ph 4.3, isoelectric focusing, and ultracentrifugation. the molecular we ... | 1975 | 240402 |
| effects of pectin and cellulose on growth, feed efficiency, and protein utilization, and their contribution to energy requirement and cecal vfa in rats. | graded levels of cellulose (0 to 20%) or of pectin (0 to 10%) were incorporated in purified diets with either 22 or 8.5% casein as the protein source. weanling male rats were fed these diets for 4 weeks. body weight gain, food consumption, feed efficiency, protein biological value, apparent digestion of food, fiber and protein, cecal weight and cecal volatile fatty acids (vfa) were recorded. cellulose was largely and inert diet diluent causing increased weight gains when protein was limiting but ... | 1979 | 448468 |
| chromatin substructure: an electron microscopic study of thin-sectioned chromatin subjected to sequential protein extraction and water swelling procedures. | electron microscopic observations and measurements were made on thin-sectioned chromatin fibers and fibrils obtained from nuclei of mature chicken erythrocytes. the nuclei were isolated in low ionic strength gum arabic and octanol then extracted sequentially with (1) 0.14 m nacl, (2) 0.25 n hcl, (3) buffer saturated phenol, (4) hot 5% sds and 0.14 m 2-mercaptoethanol and, (5) 0.4 n naoh. the amount of nuclear protein removed at each of the first four extraction steps was 1, 86, 3 and 11% of the ... | 1979 | 475016 |
| fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon. | a total of 154 strains from 22 species of bifidobacterium, peptostreptococcus, lactobacillus, ruminococcus, coprococcus, eubacterium, and fusobacterium, which are present in high concentrations in the human colon, were surveyed for their ability to ferment 21 different complex carbohydrates. plant polysaccharides, including amylose, amylopectin, pectin, polygalacturonate, xylan, laminarin, guar gum, locust bean gum, gum ghatti, gum arabic, and gum tragacanth, were fermented by some strains from ... | 1977 | 563214 |
| effect of pectin, gum arabic and agar on cholesterol absorption, synthesis, and turnover in rats. | a series of five experiments was conducted to determine the effect of pectin, gum arabic and agar (5%) on cholesterol absorption, biosynthesis and turnover in rats. in the study of cholesterol absorption, a tracer dose of labeled cholesterol was included in the last meal. the rats were killed 12 hours later. the proportion of the labeled cholesterol recovered in the whole body was used as an estimation of the efficiency of absorption of dietary cholesterol. cholesterol biosynthesis was estimated ... | 1978 | 632950 |
| biochemical effects of gum arabic, gum tragacanth, methylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose-na in rat heart and liver. | repeated oral administration of commonly used suspending media, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, methylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose-na to rats caused uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in liver and heart mitochondria and partial inhibition of mixed function oxidases of liver endoplasmic reticulum, as measured by 2-biphenylhydroxylation and 4-biphenylhydroxylation. there were considerable differences between the compounds with regard to potency and reversibility of these effects. only me ... | 1978 | 684072 |
| effect of gum arabic on aminopyrine demethylation in rats. | stimulation of aminopyrine demethylation induced in rats by oral or i.p. administration of phenobarbital was partially inhibited in animals receiving daily treatments of 2 x 200 mg/kg gum arabic p.o. | 1978 | 729728 |
| the effects of streptozotocin diabetes on hepatic triglyceride lipase activity in the rat. | the function of the hepatic triglyceride lipase (h-tgl) is not yet clear. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible hormonal regulation of h-tgl. postheparin plasma was obtained 3 min after the intravenous injection of 50 u/250 g body weight of heparin into male wistar rats. the lipase activities were measured using substrate containing [14c] triolein emulsified with gum arabic and were expressed in mumoles of free fatty acid released/ml/hour (mean +/- sd). h-tgl was the l ... | 1979 | 759824 |
| triacylglycerol lipase activity in baker's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). | an investigation of intracellular triacylglycerol lipase activity in baker's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been performed using emulsified triolein as substrate. bovine serum has been used as emulsifier since it was found superior to gum arabic and albumin with respect to reproducibility of both triacylglycerol concentration in the assay mixture and specific lipase activity. no extracellular activity could be detected neither with whole cells nor with water or detergent "extracts" of inta ... | 1976 | 816373 |
| [microorganisms in gums. iv. microbial degradation of plant exudates and seaweed extracts (author's transl)]. | the three plant exudates gum traganth, gum arabic, and gum karaya and the two seaweed extracts carrageenan and alginate were degraded by five different bacilli which were isolated from these gums: bacillus coagulans, b. lentus, b. cereus, b. licheniformis, and b. firmus. after 14 days all the gums have been degraded by these bacilli to a different extent after addition of trace elements. the fractions of degraded gums by tlc, glc, and ir-spectroscopy have been examined with the following results ... | 1975 | 817530 |
| fermentation of mucin and plant polysaccharides by strains of bacteroides from the human colon. | ten bacteroides species found in the human colon were surveyed for their ability to ferment mucins and plant polysaccharides ("dietary fiber"). a number of strains fermented mucopolysaccharides (heparin, hyaluronate, and chondroitin sulfate) and ovomucoid. only 3 of the 188 strains tested fermented beef submaxillary mucin, and none fermented porcine gastric mucin. many of the bacteroides strains tested were also able to ferment a variety of plant polysaccharides, including amylose, dextran, pect ... | 1977 | 848954 |
| characteristics of bacteroides isolates from the cecum of conventional mice. | bacteroides isolates from the cecum of conventional mice were characterized and grouped according to their ability to ferment or hydrolyze carbohydrates and other compounds believed to be present in the intestinal ecosystem. the isolates were divided into 11 groups on the basis of the fermentation of glucose, cellobiose, gum arabic and xylan (hemicelluloses), n-acetylglucosamine, and dextrin; the hydrolysis of starch and casein (proteolysis); and the production of indole. stock cultures of b. fr ... | 1977 | 869524 |
| lactobacilli isolated from the stomach of conventional mice. | twenty strains of lactobacilli isolated from the stomach of conventional mice were tested for their ability to ferment or hydrolyze substrates that may be present in the stomach habitat. the lactobacilli could be placed in four groups (a to d) depending on their ability to ferment n-acetylglucosamine, dextrin, cellobiose, gum arabic, and xylan. the majority of the isolates belonged to groups a and d. group a strains did not resemble previously described lactobacillus species, but group d strains ... | 1977 | 879776 |
| [collagen-polysaccharide gel as a model of intercellular substance of the connective tissue]. | gel samples forming at 37 degrees c in the solutions containing tropocollagen and various polysaccharides were examined by electron microscopy. contracting gel clots formed in the solutions containing chondroitin sulfate, proteoglycine from the tracheal cartilage, gum arabic. electron microscopy showed such clots to be permeated with collagen fibrillae with transverse striations and a period of 640 a. an association between the density of the forming gel and the nature of the polysaccharide comp ... | 1976 | 1029506 |
| studies on catalytic properties of purified high molecular weight pancreatic lipase. | the properties of the 500-fold purified high-molecular-weight lipase have been studied. the rate of hydrolysis of the triglycerides decreases with increasing fatty acid chain length. the lipolytic activity also increases with increase in unsaturation in the fatty acyl moiety. diglycerides are hydrolyzed at more than twice the rate for triglycerides while monoglycerides are not hydrolyzed. methyl esters are generally hydrolyzed at a higher rate which increases with increasing chain length of the ... | 1975 | 1144458 |
| influence of certain dietary fibers on serum and tissue cholesterol levels in rats. | pectin, carragheenan, agar gum arabic, cellulose and wheat bran were each fed to rats at a level of 5 to 7% to examine their effect on serum, liver and tissue cholesterol levels. diets (casein-sucrose diet containing 10-15% soybean oil, or skim milk-wheat flour diet containing 10-15% soybean oil) supplemented with either 0, 0.2, or 0.5% cholesterol were used to test the possibly dietary interactions. among the fibers tested, pectin displayed the most hypocholesterolemic effect. in some experimen ... | 1976 | 1245885 |
| an improved method for the serotyping of free coagulase from staphylococcus aureus. | the serotyping of free coagulase, one of the most reliable ways to identify strains of staphylococcus aureus, and widely employed in japan, has been improved by adding magnetite sand to the reaction mixture. culture medium supernatant and a type-specific antibody are mixed in a well of a microtiter plate, and plasma-enriched bovine fibrinogen is treated with magnetite sand. the use of tranexamic acid and gum arabic in the reaction mixture also increases the sensitivity of the reaction. finally, ... | 1992 | 1287403 |
| various dietary fibers have different effects on lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of tributyrin in vitro. | the ability of various dietary fibers to impede lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of tributyrin was studied in vitro. conditions (temperature, kind and concentration of constituents, ph, agitation) were chosen to mimic, as closely as possible, those prevailing in the human duodenum. lipolysis was monitored at ph 6.0 and 37 degrees c using a constant ph titrimeter. some fibers inhibited lipolysis (red wheat bran, white wheat bran, oat bran and sugarbeet fiber), whereas most did not (psyllium seed, pect ... | 1992 | 1310109 |
| determination of fermentable carbohydrate from the upper gastrointestinal tract by using colectomized rats. | the primary aim of this study was to characterize the carbohydrate that would be supplied to the colon for fermentation under physiological conditions. colectomized rats were fed fiber-free diets or diets containing 5% (wt/wt) gum arabic. four (fucose, galactose, glucosamine, and galactosamine) of 11 analyzed sugars accounted for 77% of the total sugar in ileal excreta from colectomized rats fed fiber-free diets. the three sugars in gum arabic, rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose, accounted for 8 ... | 1992 | 1332609 |
| sulfated glycoconjugates demonstrated in combination with high iron diamine thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate and silver acetate physical development. | sulfated glycoconjugates in epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells were investigated after staining with high iron diamine-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate. one purpose of the experiment was to apply a new physical developed to the staining. instead of silver nitrate, silver lactate or silver bromide, we used silver acetate as an ion donor. this new method allowed physical development under normal lighting conditions, and resulted in the reduction of background staining even after amplificat ... | 1992 | 1377740 |
| silver enhancement of gold antibody probes in pre-embedding electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. | in pre-embedding em immunocytochemistry with gold probes, the gold must be small enough to penetrate through cell membranes treated with mild detergents. antibodies labeled with small gold probes (1-1.4 nm) are too small to be resolved in thin sections but can be seen if they are silver-enhanced after the gold has bound to the antigens in the cells. we investigated several aspects of gum arabic-silver lactate-hydroquinone enhancement solution (danscher solution) by examining gold-conjugated anti ... | 1992 | 1453003 |
| a 28-day feeding study with ethyl acetoacetate in rats. | ethyl acetoacetate encapsulated in gum arabic was administered in rodent diet for a minimum of 28 consecutive days to groups of 16 male and 16 female rats (sprague-dawley strain) at levels of approximately 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day. a further group of 16 male and 16 female rats was given rodent diet containing gum arabic as a control. the administration of ethyl acetoacetate in the diet did not adversely affect the growth or general health of the animals or their food intakes. none ... | 1992 | 1521830 |
| [effect of dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid on surgically induced endometriosis in the rabbit]. | the association between endometriosis and infertility is well known. recently some investigators have speculated that endometriosis may cause an inflammatory response and prevention of normal fertilization, embryo development or implantation. eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) inhibits production of cyclooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid (aa). the effect of oral administration of pure epa on endometriosis was studied. the author supplemented the diet of japanese white rabbits with epa (100 mg/k ... | 1992 | 1607749 |
| suitability of different silver enhancement methods applied to 1 nm colloidal gold particles: an immunoelectron microscopic study. | in order to exploit the recently introduced 1 nm gold colloids in routine electron microscopic labeling experiments, an efficient enhancement step for a better visualization of this small marker is a prerequisite. efficiency and reproducibility of enhancement as well as growth homogeneity of gold particles were evaluated for three different silver intensifying solutions: silver lactate/hydroquinone/gum arabic (danscher, 1981), ilford l4/metol (bienz et al., 1986), and the commercially available ... | 1991 | 1646315 |
| fermentation to short-chain fatty acids and lactate in human faecal batch cultures. intra- and inter-individual variations versus variations caused by changes in fermented saccharides. | the fermentation to short-chain fatty acids, lactate, and ammonia from several non-starch polysaccharides, glucose, and albumin was investigated in 16.6% faecal homogenates. increasing concentrations (0-30 mg/ml) of glucose, wheat bran, pectin, ispaghula, cellulose, or albumin incubated for 24 h in homogenates pooled from three individuals increased short-chain fatty acid production linearly. amounts and ratios of short-chain fatty acids formed were highly dependent on the type of substrate ferm ... | 1991 | 1662408 |
| cicletanine modulates endothelin-induced renal vasoconstriction in the rat. | endothelin (et-1), a recently discovered endothelium-derived peptide, has been reported to produce potent vasoconstriction in various isolated vessels of experimental animals. cicletanine (cic) is a novel antihypertensive agent. this study concerns the effect of cic on the vascular actions of et-1 (0.2 nm/kg) and epinephrine (1 microgram/kg) in normotensive wistar rats. the hemodynamic effects of et-1 and epinephrine were also tested in the presence of molsidomine (mol), a vasodilator that relea ... | 1991 | 1725368 |
| fermentability of various fiber sources by human fecal bacteria in vitro. | certain beneficial effects of fiber in the human diet may be mediated by short-chain fatty acids (scfas) produced during anaerobic fermentation in the colon. two studies, both involving in vitro incubations with human fecal bacteria as inoculum, were conducted to assess fermentation of various fiber sources and to quantitate the scfas produced. in experiment 1, substrate fermentability based on total scfa production ranked as follows: citrus pectin greater than soy fiber greater than sugarbeet f ... | 1991 | 1852091 |
| affinity chromatography of two sets of isomeric antibodies having specificity for different oligosaccharide units of gum arabic. | two sets of antibodies directed against different carbohydrate units of gum arabic were isolated from the sera of rabbits immunized intramuscularly with gum arabic and freund's complete adjuvant. the isolation was effected by affinity chromatography on two columns attached in series and containing an absorbent of ah-sepharose 4b with ligands of partially hydrolyzed gun arabic in the first column and an adsorbent of ah-sepharose 4b with ligands of native gum arabic in the second column. the two p ... | 1991 | 1954623 |
| effects of chemically modified starches in suspensions and lozenges on ph of human dental plaque. | the aim was to evaluate chemically modified starches (cms) from a cariologic point of view as alternatives to gum arabic in sugar-free lozenges. two commercial cms, purity gum 40 and capsul, were selected due to their comparatively low availability to alpha-amylase in vitro. both gelatinized cms suspensions and lozenges were tested in vivo by measuring plaque ph. the results showed that suspensions of purity gum 40 or capsul were less available to alpha-amylase in vitro than the soluble starch r ... | 1991 | 2047750 |
| gm1 ganglioside protection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury. | the gastroprotective properties of gm1-ganglioside, an indigenous component of epithelial cell membrane, was investigated. the experiments were conducted with groups of rats with and without indomethacin pretreatment. the animals received intragastrically either a dose of gm1 as emulsion in 5% gum arabic or vehicle alone, followed by ethanol given at various time intervals up to 3 h after the gm1. the animals were sacrificed 30 min after the ethanol dose and their gastric mucosa subjected to mac ... | 1991 | 2058795 |
| quantitative estimation of holarrhena antidysenterica bark total alkaloids in crude drugs and in the body fluids of man and rat. | a turbidimetric method was developed for the quantitative estimation of the total alkaloids of kutaj bark (holarrhena antidysenterica) in crude medicinal preparations and in the body fluids of man and rat. the alkaloids were colloidally precipitated with dragendorff's reagent as complex salts of potassium iodobismuthate in extremely dilute solutions. the finely subdivided orange-brown precipitate gave a coloured, clear homogeneous suspension in the presence of gum arabic. optical density of such ... | 1990 | 2214825 |
| lipoprotein apoc-ii activation of lipoprotein lipase. modulation by apolipoprotein a-iv. | lipoprotein lipase (lpl)-mediated hydrolysis of triglycerides (tg) contained in chylomicrons requires the presence of a cofactor, apolipoprotein (apo) c-ii. the physiological mechanism by which chylomicrons gain apoc-ii necessary for lpl activation in whole plasma is not known. using a gum arabic stabilized tg emulsion, activation of lpl by lipoprotein apoc-ii was studied. hydrolysis of tg by lpl was greater in the presence of serum than with addition of either high density lipoproteins (hdl) or ... | 1990 | 2307668 |
| a simple and sensitive method for the estimation of microbial lipase activity. | a simple and sensitive method for the estimation of microbial lipase activity is described. in this method, lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) is incubated with an emulsified substrate and the fatty acid formed is estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography. the emulsified substrate, triolein, is prepared with various solubilizers, bovine serum albumin, gelatin, ovalbumin, gum arabic, triton x-100, and n-octyl-glucopyranoside, in suitable buffers. the oleic acid, one of the products formed in the react ... | 1990 | 2363503 |
| provocation of massive hepatic necrosis by endotoxin after partial hepatectomy in rats. | when rats received endotoxin 48 hours after two-thirds liver resection, 50% of them died within 12 hours with massive hepatic necrosis at a dose that did not affect sham-operated rats. in the hepatic sinusoids, fibrin deposition and endothelial cell destruction occurred 5 hours after endotoxin administration. when antithrombin iii concentrate was infused concomitantly with endotoxin administration, all rats survived 12 hours, and the extent of hepatic necrosis and the deranged serum glutamic pyr ... | 1990 | 2379781 |
| the isolation of anti-gum arabic antibodies by affinity chromatography. | antibodies directed at gum arabic have been induced in rabbits immunized with gum arabic in freund's complete adjuvant. these antibodies have been isolated in pure form by affinity chromatography on ah-sepharose 4b containing gum arabic ligands. oxidation of the susceptable carbohydrate residues of gum arabic with periodate or reduction of the glucuronic acid moieties with carbodiimide and borohydride converted the polysaccharide to products which no longer yielded precipitin reactions with the ... | 1986 | 2422283 |
| leukotrienes in orthodontic tooth movement. | prostaglandins (pgs) and leukotrienes (lts) are products of arachidonic acid conversion. pgs have an established role in mediating orthodontic tooth movement. the role of lts in modulating or mediating orthodontic tooth movement was investigated in this study. one hundred thirty-two sprague-dawley rats were used; the animals weighed 300 to 400 gm with equal numbers of male and female rats. they were divided into five main groups of 24 animals each and a sham group of 12 animals. an orthodontic a ... | 1989 | 2538053 |
| purification and characterization of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase from human postheparin plasma: production of monospecific antibody to the individual lipase. | lipoprotein lipase (lpl) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (htgl) were purified to homogeneity from human postheparin plasma. molecular, catalytic and immunological properties of the purified enzymes were investigated. the native molecular weights of lpl and htgl were 67,200 and 65,500, respectively, by gel chromatography. the subunit molecular weights of lpl and htgl were 60,600 and 64,600, respectively, suggesting that these enzymes are catalytically active in a monomeric form. in addition, the ... | 1989 | 2663075 |
| production and characterization of antisera raised to the manninotrionate group [alpha-d-galp-(1----6)-alpha-d-galp-(1----6)-d-gluconate]. | manninotrionate [alpha-d-galp-(1----6)-alpha-d-galp-(1----6)-d-gluconate] was coupled to bovine serum albumin (bsa), and antisera were raised in rabbits to this carbohydrate-protein conjugate. the antisera were studied by quantitative precipitation and hapten inhibition. antisera against the manninotrionate-bsa conjugate showed the greatest reactivity with the homologous manninotrionate-bsa antigen, but also cross-reacted extensively with a manninotrionate-ovalbumin conjugate. the antisera gave ... | 1989 | 2776137 |
| specific effect of guar gum or gum arabic on adaptation of cecal digestion to high fiber diets in the rat. | the objective of this work was to examine whether the nature of fiber may influence the cecal digestion in the rat fed hydrocolloids such as gums. adaptation to a high fiber diet containing 15% guar gum (gg) or gum arabic (ga) was thus studied in rats previously adapted to a high starch fiber-free diet. both gums elicited a marked enlargement of the cecum and a trophic effect on the cecal wall. the cecal ph dropped to 5.8, then plateaued to about 6.1. during the first days of adaptation, a part ... | 1987 | 2821201 |
| a change in human faecal flora in response to inclusion of gum arabic in the diet. | 1. gum arabic is a water-soluble polysaccharide resistant to human gut enzymes and thus can be described as dietary fibre. 2. using a most-probable-number technique, estimates were made of total anaerobes and of gum-arabic fermenters in the faeces of a volunteer during a control period and during addition of 10 g gum arabic/d to the diet. using an enrichment technique, the principal bacteria able to utilize gum arabic as the only carbohydrate source were isolated and characterized. 3. faecal sam ... | 1986 | 2823865 |
| an experimental design to study colonic fibre fermentation in the rat: the duration of feeding. | 1. the time-course of metabolic adaptation by rats to diets containing either wheat bran or gum arabic was studied during a 12-week period. 2. stool weight was increased with wheat bran but not with gum arabic, and had stabilized after 4 weeks. 3. bacterial mass as measured by diaminopimelic acid content had stabilized by week 4. bacterial mass increased on feeding gum arabic but was unchanged with wheat bran. 4. there was increased caecal short-chain fatty acid, hydrogen and methane production ... | 1986 | 2823867 |
| plasma enteroglucagon and small bowel cytokinetics in rats fed soluble nonstarch polysaccharides. | the influence of dietary fiber on plasma glucagon and enteroglucagon (eg) and on ileal crypt cell production rate (ccpr) was assessed in the rat. a fiber-free semisynthetic diet and diets containing insoluble cellulose, na-carboxymethylcellulose (cmc), guar gum, pectin, gum arabic, methylcellulose (mc), and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (hpmc) at 10 g/100 g were fed for 14 d. animals given soluble polysaccharides had plasma eg levels significantly higher than animals given insoluble cellulose, bu ... | 1988 | 2837076 |
| fermentation of wheat bran and gum arabic in rats fed on an elemental diet. | 1. gum arabic and wheat bran were added to an elemental diet (100 g/kg) in order to study their metabolism in the caeca of adult male albino wistar rats. 2. dry stool weight (g/d) over 12 weeks was 0.70 (se 0.05) on the elemental control diet. wheat bran increased mean dry stool weight to 1.09 (se 0.08), an increase of 56%. there was no significant difference between faecal weights (0.65 (se 0.08)) of the gum-arabic-supplemented group and the unsupplemented group. 3. wet caecal-sac weight, dry c ... | 1988 | 2848572 |
| digestible energy value of gums in the rat--data on gum arabic. | male wistar rats were fed a defined formula diet free from non-starch polysaccharides and either containing no additive or supplemented with gum arabic or cellulose or starch. food and faeces were analysed by bomb calorimetry both to assess the effect of these substances on the apparent digestibility of dietary gross energy and to ascribe digestible energy values to the supplements. the former was not affected by starch and was decreased more by cellulose than by gum arabic. the energy values ob ... | 1989 | 2912793 |
| a spectrophotometric method for n-nicotinoyl-tryptamine (tryptamide) assay in the blood serum of rats. | a spectrophotometric method for n-nicotinoyl-tryptamine (tryptamide) (tr) assay in the blood serum of rats has been elaborated. sensitivity of the method is approx. 1 microgram of tr/ml of blood serum, recovery approx. 76%. using this method a preliminary pharmacokinetic study of tr was carried out in rats after ip or po administration of different doses of tr. it was found that the total amount of tr, expressed as corresponding auc values, was nearly the same after both routes of administration ... | 1987 | 2973003 |
| effect of indapamide on atrial natriuretic polypeptide receptor in spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney. | the effect of a hypotensive state on atrial natriuretic polypeptide (anp) receptors of the kidney treated by indapamide was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (shrs). shrs aged 12 weeks were injected intraperitoneally with indapamide (10mg/kg/day) for 10 days and an anp radiolabeled receptor assay (rra) was done on the 11th day. the systolic blood pressure of shrs injected with indapamide (idp group) was statistically lower than that of shrs injected with 2% gum arabic solution (con ... | 1986 | 3025980 |
| [schistosomiasis and cancer of the bladder in the ouémé valley. importance of a new technic of cell and parasite concentration using gum arabic]. | | 1987 | 3115199 |
| chelation of intestinal phosphate absorption and experimental glomerulosclerosis. | dietary phosphate has recently been recognized as a factor which might influence the rate of progression of a chronic renal disease. in order to examine the role of dietary phosphate, 1&3/4 partially nephrectomized rats (nx) were fed purina rat chow supplemented with either 15 g % dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate (dhaaa), chelator of intestinal phosphate absorption, or 15 g % of half and half mixture of glycine and gum arabic. at the end of the 7th week, renal functional parameters, blood pressure ... | 1988 | 3184503 |
| detection of lea substance in saliva stains by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using anti-gum arabic serum. | it is known that rabbit anti-gum arabic (ga) serum has cross-reactivity with lea antigen, and that, by using this cross-reactive anti-lea antibody, the presence of lea antigen in red blood cells and saliva can be demonstrated with accuracy. we have devised a rapid and highly sensitive method for detecting lea substance in human saliva by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method using an anti-lea antibody isolated from anti-ga serum by affinity chromatography on synsorb lea. the elisa ... | 1987 | 3430128 |
| [inhalation pneumonia presenting as a pneumocystis infection]. | a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is presented. following presentation a chronic alveolitis was uncovered, which was due to ultimately repeated and prolonged inhalation of sweets containing gum arabic. the diagnosis was confirmed by a trans-bronchial biopsy and by chemical analysis of centrifugation of the alveolar lavage deposit. after cessation of the inhalation the progress was satisfactory both in terms of clinical status and lung function measurement. | 1987 | 3495833 |
| membrane-to-membrane transfer of tocopherol in red blood cells. | the direct cell-to-cell transfer of tocopherol between red blood cells (rbcs) was examined. two kinds of rbcs were provided; 1) tocopherol-deficient ones showing complete dialuric acid-hemolysis and 2) tocopherol-supplemented ones showing no dialuric acid-hemolysis. the two kinds of rbcs were mixed and incubated with gentle swirling in a buffer solution. if no tocopherol transfer occurred between the two kinds of rbcs in the cell suspensions, hemolysis should not change during incubation because ... | 1986 | 3559757 |
| autometallography: tissue metals demonstrated by a silver enhancement kit. | in biological tissue, minute accumulations of gold, silver, mercury and zinc can be visualized by a technique whereby metallic silver is precipitated on tiny accumulations of the two noble metals, or on selenites or sulphides of all four metals. in the present study a silver enhancement kit, primarily intended for the amplification of colloidal gold particles, has been used to demonstrate these catalytic tissue metals. sections from animals exposed intravitally to aurothiomalatate, silver lactat ... | 1987 | 3583820 |
| in vivo determination of the caloric value of gum arabic in the male rat--biological data. | sprague-dawley male rats were given normal diets (uar a 03) containing various amounts of gum arabic, sucrose and lignin for eight consecutive weeks. the caloric values of the diets were derived by utilizing the indirect method comparing the slopes from food consumption and weight gain curves. while the data obtained from sucrose diets showed that these diets caused a clear incremental effect on energy production with respect to both test animals and controls, and data from lignin diets were fou ... | 1987 | 3653449 |
| study of the teratogenic potential of gum arabic. | gum arabic in the diet at 0, 1, 2, 4, 7.5 or 15% was available ad lib. to male and female osborne-mendel rats during premating and mating and throughout gestation. during gestation, the treated females consumed from 683 mg gum/kg body weight/day in the 1% group to 10,647 mg gum/kg/day in the 15% group. the animals were killed on gestation day 20. there were no dose-related changes in maternal findings, number of foetuses, foetal viability or external, visceral or skeletal variations. no terata w ... | 1987 | 3692387 |
| tests for mutagenic effects of ammoniated glycyrrhizin, butylated hydroxytoluene, and gum arabic in rodent germ cells. | ammoniated glycyrrhizin, butylated hydroxytoluene, and gum arabic are "generally recognized as safe" (gras) substances that are used primarily as additives in foods. these substances were incorporated into rodent diets and fed to male rats and mice for 10 and 8 wk, respectively. the treated male mice and rats were then tested for dominant lethal effects. the mice were also tested for induced heritable translocation. results of the rat studies indicated a statistically significant dominant lethal ... | 1986 | 3709424 |
| evidence for the safety of gum arabic (acacia senegal (l.) willd.) as a food additive--a brief review. | scrutiny of the experimental evidence of safety demanded by the international food safety authorities has led them to conclude that no limitation to the use of gum arabic as a food additive need be specified when it conforms to the established criteria of identity and purity. this brief review collates the dietary, toxicological, immunological, chemical and other studies available. | 1986 | 3743831 |
| nitrogen conversion factors for the proteinaceous content of gums permitted as food additives. | nitrogen conversion factors for gum arabic (acacia senegal (l.) willd.), gum tragacanth (asiatic astragalus spp.), gum karaya (sterculia spp.), guar gum (cyamopsis spp.), locust bean (carob) gum (ceratonia spp.), tara gum (caesalpinia spp.), and xanthan gum (xanthomonas campestris) have been calculated from data for the amino acid compositions of their proteinaceous components. the factors derived differ from the arbitrary values (5.7 or 6.25) at present specified by international regulatory aut ... | 1986 | 3743832 |
| transmission electron microscopy of jejunum, ileum, and caecum tissues from rats fed with gums arabic, karaya and tragacanth. | transmission electron microscopy has been used to study the ultrastructure of rat jejunum, ileum and caecum after dietary supplementation with 10% (w/w) gum arabic, 7% (w/w) gum karaya, 4% (w/w) gum tragacanth for 45 days. scrutiny of 65 micrographs, undertaken independently by 2 specialists, revealed no abnormalities in any of the organelles in any of the micrographs. twelve representative micrographs are reproduced here. | 1986 | 3750339 |
| bacteroides xylanolyticus sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium from methane producing cattle manure. | as part of a study of the biogas production from cattle waste, xylanolytic bacteria were isolated from enrichments of fermenting cattle manure. from 34 isolates, mostly gram-negative rods, a typical strain was investigated in more detail. it was an anaerobic non-sporeforming, gram-negative rod, which was motile with peritrichous flagella. this organism fermented xylan and many soluble sugars (glucose, cellobiose, mannose, xylose, arabinose). other hemicelluloses such as gum xanthan, laminaran, l ... | 1986 | 3813526 |
| protein a gold-silver staining method for light microscopic immunohistochemistry. | a new sensitive method has been established for light microscopic immunohistochemistry. it involves a protein a gold technique instead of immunoglobulin-gold method, followed by an improved procedure of physical development. in this procedure, two selected reagents were employed: bromohydroquinone, a more potent developing agent than hydroquinone, and specifically purified gum arabic solution. the results obtained by this method in the pancreatic islet tissues of the rat under a variety of histo ... | 1985 | 3909987 |
| zeranol (beta-resorcylic acid lactone), a common residous component of natural foodstuffs, stimulates developmental growth of the mouse mammary gland. | icr mice ovariectomized at 6 weeks of age were divided into 5 groups and injected s.c. daily for 20 days with: (1) 0.9% nacl solution containing 0.1 mg/ml gum arabic (controls); (2) zeranol (z) (1.0 microgram/day); (3) progesterone (p) (1.0 mg/day); (4) z + p or (5) 17 beta-estradiol (1.0 microgram/day) + p (e + p). mammary gland (no. 4, inguinal) growth was assessed by analysis of mammae wet weight, dry fat free weight, dna content and mammae whole mount evaluation. administration of z, alone o ... | 1985 | 4027959 |
| in vivo inhibition of adenosine triphosphate (atp) synthesis associated with thiabendazole-induced teratogenesis in mice and rats. | ogata et al. (1984) reported that thiabendazole (tbz) was teratogenic in mice when olive oil was used as a vehicle, but not teratogenic when administered in gum arabic. results of investigations into the possible association between tbz-induced teratogenicity and adenosine triphosphate (atp) are reported here. atp levels in the limb buds were measured at day 10 of gestation in controls and mice treated with 1300 mg/kg tbz 24 h previously. the results showed that there was a correlation between t ... | 1985 | 4091649 |
| [immunogenic specificity of gum arabic and genetic regulation of lewisa expression]. | | 1985 | 4094152 |
| instrumental assay of microbial lipase at constant ph. | a rapid, accurate method with high sensitivity and reproducibility, and having the advantage of a short incubation period under constant ph, has been developed for routine measurement of microbial lipase. assembled from readily available and economical instrumental components, the apparatus includes a ph meter, a thermoelectric heating and stirring device, a motor-driven burette, and an automatic recorder. the reaction mixture, consisting of 5 ml of a 10% olive oil-gum arabic emulsion, 2 ml of 3 ... | 1967 | 4961930 |
| immunochemical studies on gum arabic. (1). serological similarity of le-a-antigen in gum arabic and that in abh-non-secretor saliva. | | 1967 | 5624421 |
| a preliminary study on the suitability of gum arabic as medium for fungal growth. | | 1966 | 6008764 |
| two incomplete agglutinins associated with anti-le-a in rabbit antisera against gum arabic. | | 1967 | 6033399 |
| [synthesis of rna and dna in isolated nuclei of colpoda cucullus (protozoi ciliati)]. | the ciliated protozoan colpoda cucullus has been cultivated at 27 degrees c with gentle shaking in a baked lettuce infusion supplemented with klebsiella suspensions. under these conditions cells had a mean generation time of about 7 hours and could attain densities up to 20,000/ml and 45,000/ml in the log and stationary phase of growth, respectively. nuclear preparations obtained from exponentially growing cells by the gum arabic-octanol method showed a satisfactory degree of purity and integrit ... | 1983 | 6194803 |
| replication of herpes simplex virus type i dna in permeabilized infected cells. | herpes simplex type 1 (hsv)-infected vero cells can be permeabilized by a combination of hypotonic shock and a mild emulsifier, gum arabic. permeabilized cells will incorporate triphosphate precursors into viral and host dna in vitro in ratios similar to those seen in vivo. this reaction is atp-dependent and is shown to be replicative by the single strand density shift of dna synthesized in the presence of brdutp. the product is heterogeneous in size, and contains a significant proportion of rap ... | 1980 | 6253942 |
| long-term feeding of unavailable carbohydrate gelling agents. influence of dietary concentration and microbiological degradation on adaptive responses in the rat. | guaran, tragacanth, gum arabic, carrageenan, gum karaya, and methylcellulose were used in a long-term feeding study to evaluate their effects upon adaptive responses of nutritionally controlled parameters in rats by feeding a fiber-free diet containing increasing additions of polysaccharides. in general, supplements reduced weight increases due to lower energy intakes. only in the case of microbiologically inert polysaccharides the dilution of the the energy density was partially compensated by ... | 1981 | 6269417 |
| the effect of dietary fibre sources on aflatoxicosis in the weanling male rat. | 1. two experiments with male weanling rats were conducted in which they received individually and restrictedly either a basal semi-purified diet containing starch as the principal carbohydrate or the same diet to which mixed aflatoxins were added in quantities providing from 0.13 to 0.4 mg aflatoxin b1/kg diet. various natural ingredients, or semi-purified sources of dietary fibre were substituted for a portion of the starch in the basal diet containing aflatoxin. the diets were fed for 13-14 we ... | 1981 | 6269575 |
| effects of dietary fibers on mineral status of chicks. | we investigated the effects of replacing dietary starch with dietary fibers of various types and particle sizes on utilization of bivalent cations by chicks. inclusion of polyethylene powder, alfalfa cell walls, corn bran, oat bran and wheat bran into diets resulted in lower serum and tibia zn levels. however, addition of pectin, cellulose and a xylose:gum arabic (50:50) mixture did not affect tissue zn levels, whereas addition of 4% lignin increased serum zn level from 2.50 to 3.44 micrograms/m ... | 1983 | 6298389 |
| the rachitogenic effects of fractions of rye and certain polysaccharides. | when fed to chicks rye is rachitogenic as well as growth depressing. the component or components of rye that cause these effects have not been identified. in an attempt to separate the factors, a water extract of rye was fractionated by precipitation with ethanol or ammonium sulfate. the precipitated fractions were fed to chicks. although there were different responses to growth and bone ash from the ethanol fractions, they were not statistically significant. in another experiment, guar gum, pec ... | 1983 | 6298765 |
| measurement of water-holding properties of fibre and their faecal bulking ability in man. | experiments to measure the effect of a fibre source in the diet on stool bulk are difficult and lack precision. in vitro methods which would identify fibre sources that are effective for clinical and epidemiologic use would be valuable. one important property of fibre which influences the ability of fibre to increase stool weight is its water-holding capacity (whc). whc was measured using centrifugation, filtration, suction pressure and water flow-rate techniques using fibre concentrates of pota ... | 1983 | 6315051 |
| a study of the effects of dietary gum arabic in the rat. | gum arabic (ga) is a water-soluble polysaccharide (molecular weight approximately 850 000) containing rhamnose, arabinose, glucuronic acid and galactose. the metabolism of ga has been studied in the rat. adult male wistar rats were given ga incorporated into either an oxoid breeders (ob) diet or an elemental (elem) diet. intestinal contents were examined for precipitable ga using acidified ethanol. ga was found from stomach to small intestine but not in the caecum, colon or rectum. caecal excisi ... | 1984 | 6317010 |
| two methods compared for measuring lipase activity in plasma after heparin administration. | we compared two methods for the direct selective measurement of hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase activities in human plasma after intravenous administration of heparin. except for the emulsifier (gum arabic vs lecithin), the two assay media for hepatic lipase are essentially similar. results for hepatic lipase by these two assays correlate well (r = 0.99). the assays for lipoprotein lipase in the two procedures differ in the way that hepatic lipase activity is eliminated (immunological inhi ... | 1984 | 6467573 |
| the maternal-foetal distribution of thiabendazole administered in two different vehicles to pregnant mice. | we have compared the effects of two vehicles on the maternal-foetal distribution of 14c-thiabendazole ([14c]tbz) given orally to jcl: icr mice on day 9 or 16 of gestation. tbz, either suspended in olive oil (tbz-o) or in a 0.5% aqueous solution of gum arabic (tbz-g), was given orally on day 9 of gestation at a dose of 1 g/kg body weight (1 microci/mouse). the mice were killed 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 or 72 hr later. in mice treated with tbz-o maximum levels of radioactivity in plasma and conceptuses ... | 1984 | 6541626 |
| ethanol and diazepam effects on intrauterine growth of the rat. | four groups of 6 pregnant long-evans rats were intubated on days 6, 7, 9, 12, 15, and 18 of gestation with (a) 4 g/kg ethanol (e), (2) 10 mg/kg diazepam (d) plus isocaloric amounts of sucrose, (3) 10 mg/kg diazepam plus 4 g/kg ethanol (de), and (4) gum arabic suspension plus sucrose solution in isocaloric amount with e (pf). all groups were pair-fed with group de and had ad libitum access to water. on day 19 there were no differences in maternal weight gain, litter size, fetal weight, and protei ... | 1983 | 6641471 |
| chronic effects of agar, guar gum, gum arabic, locust-bean gum, or tara gum in f344 rats and b6c3f1 mice. | diets containing 25,000 (2.5%) or 50,000 ppm (5.0%) agar, guar gum, gum arabic, locust-bean gum or tara gum were fed to groups of 50 male and 50 female f344 rats and b6c3f1 mice for 103 wk. separate groups of 50 rats and 50 mice of each sex served as controls for each study. there were no significant differences in survival between any of the dosed groups of rats or mice and their respective control groups. depressions in body-weight gain greater than 10% for dosed groups relative to their respe ... | 1983 | 6683227 |
| transmission electron microscopy of heart and liver tissues from rats fed with gums arabic and tragacanth. | transmission electron microscopy has been used to examine the ultrastructure of rat hearts and livers after diet supplementation with (a) 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5% (w/w) gum tragacanth (gt) for 91 days, (b) 0 and 1% gt for 5 days (c) 0, 1, 4 and 8% (w/w) gum arabic (ga) for 28 days. the preparation and scrutiny of the electron micrographs was undertaken by two independent teams of specialists. there were no detectable abnormalities in any of the organelles in the heart and liver specimens from a ... | 1984 | 6719489 |
| toxicological studies of deltamethrin. | deltamethrin [( s]-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-cis-(1r,3r)-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl+ ++) (2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-carboxylate], is the most potent insecticide known at the present time. but it is also one of the most toxic pyrethroids for vertebrates. the toxicity study of deltamethrin was performed on mice and rats, and on anaesthetized dogs, the administration route being either oral or intravenous. the oral ld50 of deltamethrin suspended in 10% gum-arabic solution was 5.54 +/- 1.29 g/kg p.o. in ... | 1984 | 6735621 |
| the effects of gum arabic, wheat offal and various of its fractions on the metabolism of 14c-labelled aflatoxin b1 in the male weanling rat. | 1. male weanling rats were given for extended periods diets containing gum arabic or wheat offal or various offal fractions. the fractions included two lipid fractions, a water-soluble extract and a modified-acid-detergent (mad)-fibre extract. the diets contained either low concentrations of aflatoxin b1 (induced rats) or were free from this source of aflatoxin (non-induced rats). the distribution of 14c was then studied after the rats received 14c-labelled aflatoxin b1 in their feed. blood plas ... | 1982 | 6809040 |
| mechanism of inhibition of hepatic triglyceride lipase from human postheparin plasma by apolipoproteins a-i and a-ii. | the present data describe the mechanism of the inhibitory effects of human plasma apolipoproteins a-i and a-ii on hydrolysis of triglyceride catalyzed by hepatic triglyceride lipase using a substrate of triolein particles stabilized with gum arabic in vitro. the experimental data could well be described by a model in which apolipoproteins bound to the surface of lipid substrate particles inhibited the enzyme reaction. the values of km obtained were similar with or without inhibitors and the calc ... | 1982 | 6815170 |
| simple, reproducible procedure for selective measurement of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase. | existing methods for determining the release of lipoprotein lipase (ec 3.1.1.34) and hepatic lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) into plasma after heparin injection give highly variable results, primarily traceable to errors in the isolation of labeled oleate from the substrate, triolein. methods involving anion-exchange resin to bind oleate show high variability and have a low yield. introducing a strong base in the last step of the assay may spuriously increase the counts from oleate, whereas a detergent such ... | 1983 | 6848252 |
| the production of liquid crystalline product phases by pancreatic lipase in the absence of bile salts. a freeze-fracture study. | the hydrolysis of gum arabic-stabilized trioleylglycerol emulsions by pancreatic lipase was examined by freeze-fracture electron microscopy in the absence of bile salts. a sequence of liquid crystalline product phases was produced during the non-equilibrium conditions of hydrolysis. the morphology of the product phases were ph- and droplet size-dependent. at ph 8.3 the initial product phase was composed of homogeneous spherical vesicles regardless of trioleylglycerol drop size. as the reaction p ... | 1983 | 6849954 |
| comparison of phenolphthalein and phenolphthalein glucuronide on net water transport in rat ileum and colon. | phenolphthalein is an odorless, tasteless compound, poorly soluble in water, but readily soluble in alcohol or ether. although its laxative activity was discovered in 1902, the mechanism of action remains unclear. phenolphthalein has been found to be an ineffective laxative in both jaundiced patients and in experimental animals with ligated common bile ducts. in contrast to the poor solubility of phenolphthalein, phenolphthalein glucuronide is highly water-soluble. in addition, phenolphthalein g ... | 1983 | 6884169 |
| screening of host-mediated antitumor polysaccharides by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using fresh human serum. | on crossed immunoelectrophoresis, human serum c3 (the third component of complement) converted by antitumor polysaccharides (atso [antitumor polysaccharide oral], ab-p [agaricaus blazei polysaccharide], gu-p [grifora umbellata polysaccharide], ps-k [polysaccharide kureha] and zymosan) moved faster than native c3, appearing as the 3rd peak. the ratio of height of the 3rd peak to the alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-m) peak was linearly proportional to the dose of atso. at the dose of 500 micrograms ... | 1983 | 6887647 |
| toxicological studies on 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate (phb), an agent with anti-atherosclerotic properties, in the rat. | the subacute oral toxicity of sodium 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate (phb) was studied in male and female sprague-dawley rats. the animals were given phb 0, 10, 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg body weight as a 3% gum arabic suspension for 13 weeks. during phb administration all animals on the highest dose level died or were killed because of loss of weight: there were deaths also in the 100 mg/kg group. phb caused a leukocytopenia which was significant only at the highest dose level. the hemoglobin decreased in ... | 1981 | 6971504 |
| ultrastructure and template accessibility of modified chromatin in isolated macronuclei of paramecium aurelia. | macronuclei of paramecium aurelia, isolated in 4% gum arabic, contain nearly exclusively heterochromatin which is unaccessible to dna-dependent, bacterial rna polymerase. heterochromatin decondensation under tris-hcl treatment did not change its template accessibility, whereas selective removal of the basic proteins induced profound changes in ultrastructure of heterochromatin and increased its template activity. more intensive incorporation of h3-ump was found after arginine rich histones remov ... | 1980 | 6991378 |
| hydrolysis of triacylglycerol emulsions by lingual lipase. a microscopic study. | the effect of lingual lipase on four different triacylglycerol emulsions was observed by light microscopy at ph 5-6. the extent of hydrolysis on the microscope slide was determined with the aid of radioactive emulsions or by analyzing the products by gas-liquid chromatography. artificial emulsions that had been stabilized with amphiphilic lipids gradually coalesced during the unstirred lipase reactions. gum arabic-stabilized emulsions and human milk fat droplets did not stick to each other or co ... | 1982 | 7126614 |
| characterization of human chylomicrons. | apolipoprotein and lipid composition of differently sized chylomicrons from healthy volunteers was determined. during their intravasal catabolism the chylomicrons lose triacylglycerol and apolipoproteins. decreasing particle size results in a loss of apolipoprotein c and apolipoprotein e peptides and an increase in apolipoproteins b and a-i, which constitutes more than 20% of the moiety of small chylomicrons. the c peptides do not seem to behave as a functional entity. apolipoprotein c-iii, the ... | 1982 | 7150620 |
| subchronic effects of gum arabic (acacia) in the rat. | young wistar rats were fed gum arabic (ga) at dietary concentrations of 0% (two control groups), 1, 2, 4, 8 and 20% for 13 weeks. the criteria studied were body weights, food and water consumption, urinalysis, liver and kidney weights, clinical chemistry, haematology, and histology. no untoward effects were observed at dose levels below those which caused dietary imbalance. at the top dose, female rats showed a small reduction in kidney weight, caecal enlargement, and changes in serum urea and t ... | 1982 | 7167982 |
| inhibition of human pancreatic lipase-colipase activity by mixed bile salt-phospholipid micelles. | mixed dihydroxy bile salt-phosphatidylcholine (pc) micelles can inhibit the hydrolysis of gum arabic-stabilized long-chain triglyceride emulsions by 10(-8) to 10(-9) m concentrations of human pancreatic lipase and colipase. trypsin treatment of this colipase preparation did not reverse the inhibition, suggesting that procolipase, as a possible contaminant, was not the inhibitory factor. human biliary phospholipid-cholesterol liposomes, isolated by gel filtration and redissolved in bile salt solu ... | 1981 | 7315970 |
| a micromethod for assay of lipoprotein lipase activity in needle biopsy samples of human adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. | a rapid and simple procedure for assay of lipoprotein lipase (lpl) activity in small amounts of human adipose tissue and skeletal muscle is described and validated. the enzyme is eluted from tissues with heparin and the activity is determined from the eluate by measuring the release of [14c]oleic acid from a gum arabic stabilized emulsion of glycerol-tri[14c]oleate in a tris-buffer medium containing albumin and pooled normal human serum. reproducible results are obtained with amounts of tissue r ... | 1980 | 7389122 |
| toxicological studies on tienilic acid in rats. | the subacute oral toxicity of tienilic acid in male and female sprague--dawley rats has been studied. animals were given tienilic acid 0, 30, 120 and 480 mg/kg body weight as a 3% gum arabic suspension for 28 days. at 30 mg tienilic acid blood pressure and serum uric acid decreased. at the two higher dose-levels a slight decrease in hemoglobin and an increase in s-gpt was noticed and there was a significant increase in the liver weight and serum magnesium concentration of male rats, while the li ... | 1980 | 7414626 |