| prevalence of avian influenza viruses, borrelia garinii, mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in waterfowl and terrestrial birds in slovakia, 2006. | the prevalence of borrelia, mycobacteria and avian influenza virus (aiv) infections, together with the distribution of different aiv subtypes, was studied in migratory waterfowl and terrestrial birds trapped in three localities in slovakia during 2006. samples obtained from waterfowl captured in the senianske ponds area of eastern slovakia showed the highest diversity of aiv isolates. a total of 13 different subtypes were detected in 19 samples from this location (h1n2, h2n2, h3n2, h6n6, h7n6, h ... | 2008 | 18798030 |
| surveillance of avian influenza virus in migratory water birds in eastern hokkaido, japan. | the epidemiological information has obtained on avian influenza virus (aiv) in eastern hokkaido, japan, where aiv surveillance has not been performed. cloacal or fecal samples obtained from migratory water birds were screened for aiv both by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to detect the influenza a virus matrix (m) gene and by egg inoculation. between 2007 and 2009, a total of 2,488 samples were collected from various avian species in abashiri, kushiro, nemuro and tokac ... | 2010 | 20948168 |
| neuraminidase gene homology contributes to the protective activity of influenza vaccines prepared from the influenza virus library. | whole-virus (wv) vaccines from influenza a/duck/hokkaido/77 (h3n2), and its reassortant strains h3n4, h3n5 and h3n7, which have the same haemagglutinin (ha) gene but different neuraminidase (na) genes, were prepared from our influenza virus library. mice were intranasally immunized with equivalent doses of each vaccine (1-0.01 µg per mouse). all of the mice that received the highest dose of each vaccine (1 µg per mouse) showed equivalent high ha-inhibiting (hi) antibody titres and survived the h ... | 2014 | 25053564 |