| critical tests of suspension, paste, and pellet formulations of cambendazole in the horse. | three formulations of cambendazole were evaluated for anthelmintic activity by critical testing method in 21 horses. cambendazole suspension was administered via stomach tube at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg to 3 horses and at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg to 3 horses. cambendazole paste was given intraorally to 8 horses, and the pellet formulation was fed to 7 horses at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg. anthelmintic activity of cambendazole was similar for all dose rates and formulations. gasterophilus intest ... | 1975 | 123710 |
| an evaluation of the efficacy of oxfendazole against the common nematode parasites of the horse. | in a controlled trial in naturally-infected young ponies, oxfendazole administered orally at dose-rates of 10 mg per kg and 50 mg per kg resulted in complete elimination of trichostrongylus axei, parascaris equorum, oxyuris equi and adult strongylus vulgaris. also, all migrating strongylus edentatus larvae recovered from the subperitoneal tissues of the flank were found to be dead. minimum efficiencies of 99.8 per cent and 99.1 per cent were obtained against adult small strongyles (trichonema sp ... | 1978 | 364817 |
| critical anthelmintic trials in ponies with oxfendazole and caviphos and concomitant studies on the spontaneous elimination of small strongylids. | the efficacy of the benzimidazole, oxfendazole, and the organophosphate, caviphos, against gastrointestinal parasites of ponies was evaluated by the critcial test method. oxfendazole (10 mg/kg of body weight) given in single oral doses was 100% effective against adult large strongylids (strongylus vulgaris, strongylus edentatus, and strongylus equinus), 99% effective against adult small strongylids, and 97% effective against 4th-stage small strongylids (genera identified in order of frequency: c ... | 1979 | 475090 |
| anthelmintic efficiency of fenbendazole in equines. | a single oral dose of fenbendazole (fbz) at 10 mg/kg body mass was given to 5 donkeys. a further 5 donkeys were dosed with a medicated lick (1 mg fbz/g lick) until the oral consumption was 10 mg/kg body mass. in both trials fbz was highly effective against adults of the following genera: cyathostomum, cylicocyclus, cylicostephanus, cylicodontophorus, poteriostomum, cabellonema, craterostomum and triodontophorus; similarly high efficiency was obtained against the following species: habronema maju ... | 1979 | 553963 |
| [studying the faeces for the presence of parasites in horses and ponies (author's transl)]. | in 3,791 horses and ponies submitted to the department of internal disease of farm animals of the faculty of veterinary medicine, utrecht, the faeces were studied for the presence of parasites. the results were classified by age groups and months of arrival. eggs of the strongylus type were found to be present in 57.3 per cent of the faecal samples, eggs of parascaris equorum were present in 6.1 per cent, eggs of oxyuris equi in 1.2 per cent, eggs or larvae of dictyocaulus arnfieldi in 0.2 per c ... | 1978 | 567859 |
| critical tests of the anthelmintic febantel in the horse: activity of a paste formulation alone or with a trichlorfon paste. | critical tests were carried out in 10 horses to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of febantel given alone or with trichlorfon. paste formulations were administered intraorally at dose levels of 6 mg of febantel (active ingredient)/kg and 35 mg of trichlorfon (active ingredient)/kg. in 5 tests with febantel alone, removal of 100% was recorded for mature or immature parascaris equorum from 2 infected horses. strongylus vulgaris from 4 infected horses, s edentatus from 5 infected horses, and matu ... | 1978 | 697152 |
| an evaluation of ethyl-6-ethoxybenzothiazole-2-carbamate (sch 18099) for anthelmintic activity in domestic animals. | ethyl-6-ethoxybenzothiazole-2-carbamate (sch 18099) was evaluated for efficacy against natural helminth infections in ponies, pigs, lambs and chickens. sixteen critical trials were conducted in ponies at dosages of 15 to 150 mg/kg. at 15 mg/kg, efficacy against adult and larval oxyuris equi was 100% and 91% and against small strongyles it was 98%. efficacy levels were 95% against strongylus vulgaris and s. edentatus at the 20 mg/kg dosage. in two trials at 100 mg/kg efficacy against parascaris e ... | 1977 | 864223 |
| critical tests of the antiparasitic activity of thiabendazole and trichlorfon sequentially administered to horses via stomach tube. | thirteen critical tests were conducted in horses naturally infected with helminths and bots. single doses of thiabendazole (44 mg/kg of body weight) and trichlorfon (40 mg/kg of body weight) powder formulations were administered as suspensions sequentially given via stomach tube to evaluate the efficacy of the combination against the large parasites of horses. parasite removal efficacies were 100% against 2nd instar gasterophilus intestinalis and 2nd and 3rd instar gasterophilus nasalis and 82 t ... | 1977 | 879569 |
| critical anthelmintic trials in ponies with four benzimidazoles: mebendazole, cambendazole, fenbendazole, and albendazole. | the comparative efficacy of four benzimidazoles against gastrointestinal parasites of ponies was evaluated by the critical test method. mebendazole (8.8 mg/kg), cambendazole (20 mg/kg), fenbendazole (5 mg/kg), and albendazole (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) given in single oral doses were highly effective against adult large strongylids (strongylus vulgaris, s. endentatus, s. equinus) and adult small strongylids (genera identified in order of frequency: cylicostephanus, cylicocyclus, cyathostomum, triodontoph ... | 1977 | 886410 |
| critical tests of anthelmintic activity of a paste formulation of thiabendazole in horses. | critical tests of the activity on large strongyles, ascarids, mature pinworms, and bots were carried out in 11 horses intraorally treated with a paste formulation of thiabendazole. the dose level of 44 mg/kg was administered to 3 horses, and the dose level of 88 mg/kg to 8 horses. removals of strongylus vulgaris and mature oxyuris equi were 100% at the 2 dose levels, and efficacy against strongylus edentatus varied from 95 to 99% and 89 to 100% for the 44- and the 88-mg/kg dose levels, respectiv ... | 1976 | 937790 |
| oxibendazole: critical anthelmintic trials in equids. | the efficacy of oxibendazole against gastrointestinal parasites of horses was evaluated by the critical test method. naturally infected ponies of various ages were given single oral doses of 5, 10, or 15 mg-kg of bodyweight. the drug was highly effective against adult large strongylids (strongylus vulgaris, s edentatus, s equins), adult small strongylids (especially species of the genera cylicostephanus, cylicocyclus, cyaathostomum, and triodontophorus), and adult and larval stages of the large ... | 1975 | 1216434 |
| critical tests and safety studies on trichlorfon as an antiparasitic agent in the horse. | three series of critical tests were completed on a combined total of 46 horses to determine the efficacy of single doses of trichlorfon against bots, ascarids, pinworms, and large strongyles. different formulations of trichlorfon were administered by tubing intragastrically, mixing with the daily grain ration, injecting intramuscularly, or pouring on the back at dose rates between 20 and 100 mg/kg. administration by feeding tended to be more efficacious for removal of bots and less toxic to the ... | 1976 | 1259212 |
| critical tests with oxibendazole against gastrointestinal parasites of ponies. | twenty ponies were allotted to 4 groups of 5 ponies each, and oxibendazole was orally administered at dose levels of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg. in the 3 groups of ponies given the largest doses, efficacy against 3 species of strongylus was between 92 and 100% and that against small strongylids of the genera cyathostomum, cylicocyclus, cylicodontophorus, and cylicostephanus was more than 99%. all adults and 95 to 100% of larvae of the pinworm oxyuris equi were removed. in the group of ponies given ... | 1976 | 1267243 |
| critical and controlled tests of activity of moxidectin (cl 301,423) against natural infections of internal parasites of equids. | the activity of moxidectin was evaluated in 1988 and 1989 against natural infections of internal parasites in 20 critical tests (n = 20 equids) and three controlled tests (n = 20 equids). two formulations, injectable administered intramuscularly (i.m.) or intraorally (i.o.) and gel i.o., were given at dose rates of 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 mg kg-1 body weight. for the critical tests (all three dose rates evaluated), removals of second instar gasterophilus intestinalis were 93-100%, except (89%) for the i ... | 1992 | 1502789 |
| controlled test evaluation of the benzimidazole anthelmintic vet 220-s alone or with concomitant trichlorfon treatment against naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites in ponies. | a controlled test was done in 30 naturally infected ponies to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of the dienbendazole analog vet 220-s given alone or with trichlorfon (tcf) by nasogastric intubation. six ponies were nontreated; 6 were given vet 220-s (5.0 mg/kg); 6 were given tcf (40 mg/kg); 6 were given vet 220-s (2.5 mg/kg) and tcf (40 mg/kg); and 6 were given vet 220-s (5.0 mg/kg) and tcf (40 mg/kg). all ponies were euthanatized and necropsied 7 or 8 days after treatment. draschia megastoma, ... | 1991 | 2053725 |
| controlled test and clinical evaluation of dienbendazole against naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites in ponies. | a controlled test was performed to titrate the anthelmintic dosage of dienbendazole in 24 mixed-breed ponies naturally infected with strongylus vulgaris, s edentatus, and small strongyle species, as determined by parasitic egg and larval counts in feces. comparison of results of treatment was made among 3 dienbendazole dosages--2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg of body weight--and a gum (excipient) mixture given by nasogastric intubation. all ponies were euthanatized and necropsied at 7 or 8 days after treat ... | 1989 | 2619127 |
| prevalence and intensity of non-strongyle intestinal parasites of horses in northern queensland. | a quantitative post-mortem study of 57 horses from northern queensland was done to determine the prevalence and intensity of non-strongyle intestinal parasites. the following species (% prevalence) were found: draschia megastoma (39%); habronema muscae (43%); gasterophilus intestinalis (34%), g. nasalis (30%); parascaris equorum (15%); strongyloides westeri (6%); probstmayria vivipara (2%); oxyuris equi (26%); anoplocephala magna (2%); a. perfoliata (32%). mean parasite numbers of individual spe ... | 1989 | 2930389 |
| common internal parasites found in the stomach, large intestine, and cranial mesenteric artery of thoroughbreds in kentucky at necropsy (1985 to 1986). | a total of 278 thoroughbreds (less than 1 to 31 years old) were examined at necropsy (july 9, 1985, to feb 2, 1986) in kentucky for various internal parasites. examination was not made of all the horses for each of the parasites. specific parasites recovered from the stomach of foals (n = 30) and yearlings and older horses (n = 96) and percentage (in parentheses) of each age category infected, respectively, were as follows: gasterophilus intestinalis 2nd instar (53% and 32%) and 3rd instar (37% ... | 1987 | 2950814 |
| ciliates as possible food source for adult oxyuris equi schrank 1788. | | 1986 | 3085366 |
| critical test and safety evaluations of an oral paste preparation of mebendazole and trichlorfon in horses. | critical tests were done on 24 naturally parasitized horses to compare the antiparasitic activity of an oral paste preparation of mebendazole and trichlorfon with that of the marketed powder formulation. each formulation was administered at the recommended dosages of 8.8 mg of mebendazole and 40 mg of trichlorfon/kg of body weight. efficacy of the paste formulation ranged from 97.7% to 100% against 2nd- and 3rd-stage gasterophilus spp, adult strongylus vulgaris, s edentatus, parascaris equorum, ... | 1986 | 3524328 |
| prevalence of internal parasites in horses in critical tests of activity of parasiticides over a 28-year period (1956-1983) in kentucky. | the prevalence and number of naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites were compiled for horses used in critical tests of activity of parasiticides over a 28-year period (1956-1983). data are presented as follows: n = number of horses examined; % = mean prevalence; number in parentheses after % = aggregate mean number of parasites in infected horses. parasites found were: bots (n = 513) - gasterophilus intestinalis, 2nd instar, 61%(58); 3rd instar, 94%(168); g. nasalis, 2nd instar, 36%(28); ... | 1987 | 3564356 |
| a survey in louisiana of intestinal helminths of ponies with little exposure to anthelmintics. | ponies reared with minimal or no exposure to anthelmintics were surveyed for intestinal helminths in order to estimate prevalence and intensity of parasite populations unaltered by frequent exposure to anthelmintics. thirty-seven mixed breed ponies of varying ages were examined. thirty-four species of nematodes and 2 species of cestodes were found. twenty-four of the nematode species (including 1 new species) were in the subfamily cyathostominae (small strongyles). eighty-seven percent of the to ... | 1986 | 3819969 |
| anthelmintic activity of paste and drench formulations of oxfendazole in horses. | oxfendazole was administered in paste or drench formulations to groups of five horses carrying naturally acquired worm burdens. at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg the efficacy of either formulation appeared similar. one hundred per cent of the adult populations of the following genera was removed: parascaris, oxyuris, strongylus (s edentatus, s vulgaris), triodontophorus and trichostrongylus axei. efficacy against adult small strongyles, adult habronema microstoma and immature oxyuris equi was in the re ... | 1981 | 6461963 |
| critical tests of morantel-trichlorfon paste formulation against internal parasites of the horse. | critical tests were completed on six horses to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of a paste formulation mixture of morantel citrate and trichlorfon, administered intraorally at the dose rate of 6 mg morantel base kg-1 and trichlorfon at 30 mg kg-1. aggregate average removals were: 78% for two horses infected with 2nd instar gasterophilus intestinalis; 100% for one infected with 2nd instar g. nasalis; 96% for six infected with 3rd instar g. intestinalis; 100% for four infected with 3rd instar g ... | 1984 | 6538366 |
| critical tests in equids with fenbendazole alone or combined with piperazine: particular reference to activity on benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles. | seven critical tests in equids were conducted with single doses of fenbendazole (5 mg kg-1) alone (panacur--american hoechst, somerville, nj); (2 tests with paste and 1 with suspension formulation) or in combination with piperazine (american hoechst); (40 mg base kg-1); (4 tests with paste formulation). the main purpose of the tests was evaluation of activity against benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles (cyathostomum catinatum, cyathostomum coronatum, cylicocyclus nassatus, cylicostephanus g ... | 1983 | 6683041 |
| critical test evaluations of oxfendazole and trichlorfon: effectiveness of a paste formulation in the horse. | critical tests were performed on 6 horses to evaluate the antiparasitic effectiveness of oxfendazole given in combination with trichlorfon in a paste formulation. treatments were given orally as a single dose. the rates of active ingredient administration were 2.5 and 40 mg/kg of body weight for oxfendazole and trichlorfon, respectively. the combined activities of the 2 antiparasitic compounds proved 100% efficacious in the removal of adult strongylus vulgaris, s edentatus, oxyuris equi, and par ... | 1984 | 6742583 |
| ivermectin as an antiparasitic agent in horses. | ivermectin, described as 22,23-dihydroavermectin b1, was the compound chosen from the avermectin group of compounds for development as an antiparasitic agent in horses. a review of the literature indicates that parenteral administration in horses at 200 microgram/kg body mass is highly effective against the strongyles strongylus vulgaris, strongylus edentatus and triodontophorus spp., and adult and immature cyathostomes, including strains resistant to benzimidazole anthelmintics. other nematodes ... | 1982 | 6750120 |
| antiparasitic activity of parbendazole in critical tests in horses. | critical tests were conducted in 11 naturally infected horses to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of parbendazole. single doses at the rates of 30, 20, 10, 5, or 2.5 mg/kg of body weight were administered by stomach tube to 1, 4, 2, 2, and 2 horses, respectively. parbendazole was active against parascaris equorum, oxyuris equi, strongylus vulgaris, strongylus edentatus, and small strongyles throughout the range of doses. generally, small numbers of p equorum were present, but apparently a dose ... | 1980 | 6892671 |
| efficacy of ivermectin (22,23-dihydroavermectin b1) against gastrointestinal parasites in ponies. | the controlled test method was used to evaluate the antiparasitic efficacy of im inoculated 22,23-dihydroavermectin b1 (ivermectin) against gastrointestinal parasites of horses (ponies). parasite infections were naturally acquired in southern louisiana. dose levels of the drug tested were 0.2 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, and 0.5 mg/kg. ivermectin at all dose levels tested had an efficacy greater than 97% (p less than 0.05) against gasterophilus intestinalis larvae, trichostrongylus axei, oxyuris equi larva ... | 1980 | 6894221 |
| effectiveness of ivermectin in the treatment of equine parascaris equorum and oxyuris equi infections. | fifteen horses harboring naturally acquired, patent parascaris equorum and oxyuris equi infections were equally allotted to 3 treatment groups given (1) injectable vehicle; (2) injectable ivermectin at the dose rate of 200 microgram/kg of body weight; and (3) injectable ivermectin at the rate of 300 microgram/kg. all treatments were given im in the neck. all animals were killed 14 days after treatment and examined for the targeted nematodes. regardless of dose rate, ivermectin proved 100% effect ... | 1982 | 6896611 |
| efficacy of injectable and oral paste formulations of ivermectin against gastrointestinal parasites in ponies. | a controlled test was used in ponies to compare the antiparasitic efficacy of ivermectin (22,23-dihydro-avermectin b1) in an injectable micelle solution administered im with the efficacy of the same drug in an oral paste formulation. parasite infections were naturally acquired in southern louisiana. the drug was tested in both formulations at a dosage level of 0.2 mg/kg of body weight. ivermectin in both formulations tested had an efficacy greater than 98% against gasterophilus intestinalis and ... | 1982 | 6896613 |
| a critical efficacy test of cambendazole in equids: the use of the geometric means to assess efficacy. | the anthelmintic efficacy of a 44.5% paste formulation of cambendazole was evaluated in a critical trial performed on 5 horses and a donkey. a dosage of 20 mg/kg showed reduction of mean parasite burdens as follows: strongylinae greater than 99%; cyathostominae 94%; immature and adult oxyuris equi 89 and greater than 99%; probstmayria vivipara greater than 99% and habronema muscae 97%. parascaris equorum and anoplocephala perfoliata were present in small numbers in individual animals only, and w ... | 1980 | 7017145 |
| controlled evaluation of ivermectin in shetland ponies. | ivermectin was injected im into 12 yearling shetland ponies. the following reactions in percentages of parasites recovered from ponies given 200 microgram/kg or 300 microgram/kg, as compared with the parasitic population in those given the vehicle at 1 week after injection, were as follows: otobius megnini nymphs--no reduction; gasterophilus intestinalis--100% and 99.9%; g nasalis--100% and 99.9%; parascaris equorum adults--100% and 96%; strongylus vulgaris adults--100% and 100%; s edentatus adu ... | 1981 | 7027848 |
| anthelmintic efficiency of fenbendazole in equines. | a single oral dose of fenbendazole (fbz) at 10mg/kg body mass was given to 5 donkeys. a further 5 donkeys were dosed with a medicated lick (1 mg fbz/g lick) until the oral consumption was 10mg/kg body mass. in both trials fbz was highly effective against adults of the following genera: cyathostomum, cylicocyelus, cylicostephanus, cylicodontophorus, poteriostomum, cabellonema, craterostomum and triodontophorus; similarly high efficiency was obtained against the following species: habronema majus, ... | 1980 | 7241490 |
| anthelmintic efficacy fenbendazole paste in equines. | a single oral dose of fenbendazole (fbz) paste at 7,5 mg/kg body mass was given to 5 horses. it was highly effective against adults of the following genera: cyathostomum, cylicostephanus, cylicondontophorus, poteriostomum, cylicocyclus, triodontophorus, oesophagodontus (and other genera belonging to the subfamily cyathostominae). similarly, high efficacy was obtained against the adults of the following species: oxyuris equi, strongylus vulgaris, strongylus equinus and probstmayria vivipara. thes ... | 1981 | 7277372 |
| haloxon: critical tests of antiparasitic activity in equids. | critical tests were conducted in 14 naturally infected equids (13 horses and 1 pony) to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of haloxon. single doses were administered by stomach tube to 3 horses and 1 pony (60 mg/kg of body weight), by addition to the feed of 3 horses (60 mg/kg), and intraorally by powder gun to 7 horses (65 mg/kg). haloxon was efficacious (99% to 100%) against infections of parascaris equorum, oxyuris equi (mature and immature), and strongylus vulgaris at both dosage levels. pr ... | 1981 | 7283234 |
| tioxidazole: evaluation of antiparasitic activity of a micronized formulation in horses by the critical test method. | antiparasitic activity of a micronized formulation of the benzothiazole compound, tioxidazole, at the dose rate of 11 mg/kg, was evaluated by the critical test method. drug was given by stomach to 3 horses and on feed to 3 horses. excellent removal activity was found for strongylus vulgaris (100%) in 5 naturally infected horses, s edentatus (91% to 100%) in 5 horses, small strongyles (88% to 99%) in 6 horses, immature oxyuris equi (100%) in 5 horses, and parascaris equorum (100%) in 5 horses (a ... | 1981 | 7283235 |
| critical tests of new benzothiazole anthelmintic tioxidazole in the horse. | the basic-dose confirmation tests of tioxidazole for removal of susceptible populations of gastrointestinal parasites of the horse were made in 10 naturally infected horses, using the critical test method (experiment a). a single dose of toxidazole, given at the rate of 11 mg/kg of body weight, was administered to 5 horses by stomach tube and to 5 horses by mixing the drug with the daily grain ration. in the 5 horses given the drug by stomach tube, aggregate average removals were 90% or more for ... | 1980 | 7447131 |
| the anthelmintic activity and toxicity of 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (dichlorvos) in equines. | dichlorvos in a special slow release formulation at 31 mg/kg body mass in equines was highly effective against all adult strongyles and oxyuris equi, parascaris equorum, probstmayria vivipara and bots of gasterophilus spp. it has no effect on 4th stage larvae of trichonema ssp. nor the stomach worms draschia megastoma and habronema spp. doses of dichlorovos 10 and 20 times the therapeutic dose (310 and 620 mg/kg body mass) caused transient clinical signs but these disappeared 96 hours after dosi ... | 1980 | 7452653 |
| the prevalence and epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of horses in victoria, australia. | a quantitative post mortem study of 150 horses from victoria was conducted to determine the prevalence and epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites. a total of 42 species of metazoan parasite was found. the following species of non-cyathostome parasite were found (% prevalence): trichostrongylus axei (51%); habronema muscae (13%); h. majus (2%); draschia megastoma (5%); gastreophilus intestinalis (81%); g. nasalis (29%); parascaris equorum (5%); anoplocephala perfoliata (29%); fasciola hepatic ... | 1995 | 7657457 |
| the prevalence and abundance of internal parasites in working horses autopsied in poland. | the digestive tracts of 50 working horses from private farms in poland were examined. thirty-seven nematode species, two tapeworm species and one species of botfly were recovered. the most prevalent small strongyle species were cyathostomum catinatum, cylicocyclus nassatus, cylicostephanus goldi, cylicostephanus longibursatus, cyathostomum coronatum, cylicostephanus calicatus, cylicocyclus leptostomus and cylicostephanus minutus. thirteen cyathostome species showed a site preference in the ventr ... | 1995 | 7676606 |
| transmission of some species of internal parasites in horses born in 1990, 1991, and 1992 in the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky. | studies were conducted on transmission of natural infections of several species of internal parasites in horses born and kept on the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky. data for the first year (1989) of a 4 year study on this farm have been published recently. the present research represents the second (1990), third (1991), and fourth (1992) years of the investigation. the number of animals (n = 28) examined varied from eight born in 1990 to ten each born in 1991 and 1992. for each year, ... | 1994 | 8073609 |
| comparative efficacy of moxidectin and ivermectin against hypobiotic and encysted cyathostomes and other equine parasites. | efficacies of moxidectin and ivermectin were compared in four groups of eight ponies with natural parasite infections: placebo (control), oral moxidectin gel at 0.3 mg kg-1 of body weight (mox 0.3), oral moxidectin gel at 0.4 mg kg-1 of body weight (mox 0.4), and oral ivermectin paste at 0.2 mg kg-1 of body weight (ivermectin). fecal samples were taken 0 and 2 weeks after treatment. animals were necropsied and worms were collected 2 weeks after treatment. moxidectin and ivermectin showed similar ... | 1994 | 8091622 |
| [parasitological fecal studies of equids, dogs, cats and hedgehogs during the years 1984-1991]. | the results of the coproscopical examinations in horses, dogs, cats and hedgehogs between 1984 and 1991 are presented. in 9192 samples from horses 55.5% stages of strongylids, 4.0% of parascaris equorum, 2.2% of anoplocephalids, 1.6% strongyloides westeri, 0.7% of oxyuris equi, 0.6% of eimeria leuckarti, 0.2% of fasciola hepatica and 0.04% of dictyocaulus arnfieldi were found. in 48.0% of the 46 samples from donkeys eggs from strongylids were detected, in 17.4% larvae from dictyocaulus arnfieldi ... | 1993 | 8261912 |
| dose titration of moxidectin oral gel against gastrointestinal parasites of ponies. | moxidectin was tested as an oral gel formulation during a controlled test performed to evaluate dosages against equine gastrointestinal parasites. four groups of ten ponies were used. ponies ranged from 1 to 20 years of age and were naturally infected in southern louisiana or mississippi. fecal exams and fecal cultures were performed on all ponies to determine the strongyle egg counts and the percent distributions of large and small strongyles. following these determinations, ponies were allocat ... | 1995 | 8533282 |
| comparison of moxidectin oral gel and ivermectin oral paste against a spectrum of internal parasites of ponies with special attention to encysted cyathostome larvae. | two dosages of moxidectin oral gel were evaluated and compared to a therapeutic dose of ivermectin oral paste in the control of a spectrum of gastrointestinal parasites of ponies naturally infected in southern louisiana or mississippi. thirty-two mixed-breed ponies ranging in age from one to 21 years were used in this controlled test. eight weeks prior to the experiment, ponies grazing on contaminated pasture were moved to a paddock and fed a pelleted ration, thus reducing or eliminating the pot ... | 1996 | 8966989 |
| study on the gastrointestinal parasite fauna of ponies in northern germany. | quantitative faecal and post-mortem examinations of 16 ponies, 1 to 2 1/2 years of age, originating from 3 farms in northern germany were performed in february 1995 to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in these animals. a total of 33 species of metazoan parasites was recovered: three tapeworm species (anoplocephala perfoliata, a. magna, paranoplocephala mamillana), strongylus vulgaris, s. edentatus, small strongyles (including four triodontophorus spp., cratero ... | 1996 | 9060170 |
| efficacy of a 2 per cent moxidectin gel against gastrointestinal parasites of ponies. | the efficacy of moxidectin was evaluated in young ponies naturally infected with gastrointestinal parasites. eight animals were treated orally with moxidectin at 0.4 mg/kg bodyweight and eight received only the vehicle. they were all necropsied two weeks later. faecal samples were examined daily for egg counts and larval cultures. parasites were recovered from total faecal samples collected daily and from the gastrointestinal tracts at necropsy. moxidectin reduced the strongyle egg counts by > 9 ... | 1998 | 9854319 |
| comparative efficacy evaluation of moxidectin gel and ivermectin paste against internal parasites of equines in brazil. | a total of 24 male and female equines of mixed breed, 10-20 months of age and naturally infected with internal parasites was utilized in a controlled test to evaluate the efficacy of a moxidectin 2% gel formulation at the dosage of 0.4 mg moxidectin per kg of live weight and an ivermectin 1.87% commercial paste formulation at the dosage 0.2 mg ivermectin per kg applied orally. animals were allocated into three groups of eight horses each based on pre-treatment eggs per gram (epg) counts and trea ... | 1998 | 9877068 |
| recovery of oxyuris equi eggs from hemomelasma ilei lesions on ileal serosa of a thoroughbred yearling filly. | | 1999 | 9950341 |
| re-evaluation of ivermectin efficacy against equine gastrointestinal parasites. | two trials were conducted to confirm the efficacy of ivermectin paste against endoparasites of horses. in these trials, 20 ponies were treated with ivermectin oral paste at 200 mcg x kg body weight once on day 0, and 20 ponies served as unmedicated controls. the animals carried naturally acquired parasite infections as confirmed by pretrial fecal examination. the animals were necropsied for worm recovery on days 14, 15 or 16. parasites recovered were identified to species. horses treated with iv ... | 2001 | 11423189 |
| seasonal transmission of gastrointestinal parasites of equids in southern louisiana. | parasite-naive pony foals were used as sentinels to monitor transmission of gastrointestinal parasites of equids in louisiana during 4 seasons of the year. two annual periods were studied, 1988-1989 and 1992-1993. two or 3 foals each season were turned out to graze a contaminated pasture along with resident parasitized mares and their foals. after a grazing period of 8 wk, sentinel ponies were held in a parasite-free box stall for a period of 6 wk to allow parasites to develop, thus enhancing th ... | 2001 | 11780824 |
| gastrointestinal helminths of ponies in louisiana: a comparison of species currently prevalent with those present 20 years ago. | a survey in louisiana of gastrointestinal helminths recovered at necropsy from 117 ponies with minimal exposure to anthelmintics between 1989 and 2000 is compared with a survey conducted 20 yr earlier in the same region. an objective of this study was to determine whether species diversity has been affected by the advent and use of the macrocyclic lactone (ml) parasiticides and by the increased anthelmintic pressure on the helminth species infecting the general equine population. twenty-six cyat ... | 2002 | 12537106 |
| structure and function in the nematode pharynx. i. the structure of the pharynges of ascaris lumbricoides, oxyuris equi, aplectana brevicaudata and panagrellus silusiae. | | 1965 | 14342121 |
| [results of parasitological examinations of faecal samples from horses, ruminants, pigs, dogs, cats, hedgehogs and rabbits between 1998 and 2002]. | the results of coproscopical examinations in horses, ruminants, pigs, dogs, cats, hedgehogs and rabbits between 1998 and 2002 are presented. in 4399 samples from horses 37.4% stages of strongylids, 1.4% anoplocephalids, 1.3% strongyloides westeri, 0.9% parascaris equorum, 0.04% oxyuris equi, 0.04% eimeria sp. and 0.04% fasciola hepatica were found. in 998 samples of cattle 22.1% stages of strongylids, 11.2% of eimeria spp., 3.5% of cryptosporidium, 2.9% of moniezia spp., 1.3% of trichuris spp., ... | 2004 | 15287577 |
| analysis of the strongylid nematodes (nematoda: strongylidae) community after deworming of brood horses in ukraine. | communities of intestinal helminths in horses are commonly studied post mortem. the study objectives were here to examine the species composition of the strongylid community in brood horses in ukraine after deworming with an aversectin drug univerm. the site distribution of the strongylid species was analysed according to dynamics of their expulsion in faeces. forty-four horses of different ages from poltavska oblast (22 horses), kyivska oblast (17 horses) and sumska oblast (5 horses) of ukraine ... | 2005 | 15979240 |
| prevalence of large endoparasites at necropsy in horses infected with population b small strongyles in a herd established in kentucky in 1966. | two closed horse herds (old lot 4 and field 24), infected since 1966 with population b small strongyles resistant to thiabendazole (tbz) and phenothiazine (ptz), were terminated in february, march, and may, 2005. at necropsy, only the large endoparasites were identified and counted. the number of horses on pasture was 14 (239 days of age to 23 years old) for old lot 4 and two (3 to 20 years old) for field 24. the time of the last antiparasitic treatment, relative to the year (2005) of necropsy, ... | 2006 | 16508764 |
| molecular characterization of thelastomatoidea (nematoda: oxyurida) from cockroaches in australia. | a molecular approach was used to genetically characterize 5 species (aoruroides queenslandensis, blattophila sphaerolaima, cordonicola gibsoni, desmicola ornata and leidynemella fusiformis) belonging to the superfamily thelastomatoidea (nematoda: oxyurida), a group of pinworms that parasitizes terrestrial arthropods. the d3 domain of the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal rna (lsu) was sequenced for individual specimens, and the analysis of the sequence data allowed the genetic relationships of ... | 2006 | 16563200 |
| gastrointestinal parasitic worms in equines in the paraíba valley, state of são paulo, brazil. | over a period of 12 years, from 1988 to 2000, a total of 20 individual equines (16 horses and 4 mules) were selected at random, from 10 municipalities in the paraíba valley, in the state of são paulo, brazil, and then subjected to necropsy for collection of gastrointestinal worms. individual samples of 10% of the intestinal contents were also taken for counting and identifying the species present, and to establish the prevalence of worms in equine species in the paraíba valley. in the sample con ... | 2006 | 16687215 |
| paleoparasitological remains revealed by seven historic contexts from "place d'armes", namur, belgium. | human occupation for several centuries was recorded in the archaeological layers of "place d'armes", namur, belgium. preventive archaeological excavations were carried out between 1996/1997 and seven historical strata were observed, from gallo-roman period up to modern times. soil samples from cesspools, latrines, and structures-like were studied and revealed intestinal parasite eggs in the different archaeological contexts. ascaris lumbricoides, a. suum, trichuris trichiura, t. suis. taenia sp. ... | 2006 | 17308808 |
| probable reason why small strongyle epg counts are returning "early" after ivermectin treatment of horses on a farm in central kentucky. | critical tests were carried out in 2008 in four yearling horses (h-2, h-4, h-10, and h-11) born and raised together on a farm (mc) in central kentucky. these horses were treated intraorally with ivermectin paste at the dose rate of 200 microg/kg. the main interest was to try and determine more precisely, from posttreatment (pt) worm count data, the current activity of ivermectin against small strongyles in a horse herd. these horses had been treated repeatedly with this compound and counts of sm ... | 2009 | 18931857 |
| gastrointestinal parasites of working donkeys of ethiopia. | the general prevalence and population composition of gastrointestinal and pulmonary helminths of working donkeys were studied. for the purpose 2935 working donkeys were coprologically examined for nematode and cestode, and 215 donkeys for trematode infections. seven donkeys that died due to various health problems or were euthanased on a welfare ground were necropsied and the parasites were recovered and identified to the species level. the study was conducted during the periods 1996-1999.coprol ... | 2010 | 19548106 |
| duddingtonia flagrans, monacrosporium thaumasium and pochonia chlamydosporia as possible biological control agents of oxyuris equi and austroxyuris finlaysoni. | the action of four fungal isolates of the species duddingtonia flagrans (ac001), monacrosporium thaumasium (nf34a) and pochonia chlamydosporia (vc1 and vc4) on eggs of oxyuris equi and austroxyuris finlaysoni was evaluated in two assays (a and b). eggs of o. equi (test a) and a. finlaysoni (test b) were plated on petri dishes with 2% water-agar with grown fungal isolates and control without fungus. after 5, 10 and 15 days, 100 eggs were collected and classified according to the following paramet ... | 2010 | 19570314 |
| silvopastoralism and autochthonous equine livestock: analysis of the infection by endoparasites. | two groups of autochthonous pura raza galega (prg) horses, one comprising 483 animals under a silvopasturing regime, and the other comprising 72 prg horses managed in farms, were used to analyse the effect of silvopasture on infection by endoparasites. results were considered according to the age and the sex of the horses. faecal samples were individually collected from each animal and analysed by the coprological flotation, sedimentation and migration techniques. coprocultures were also done to ... | 2009 | 19632049 |
| viability of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of horses. | the predatory capacity of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia (isolate vc4) embedded in sodium alginate pellets after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of horses was assessed in vitro against oxyuris equi eggs. twelve previously dewormed crossbred mares, average weight of 362.5kg (+/-21) were used in the experiment. each animal of the treated group received an oral dose (100g) of sodium alginate pellets containing p. chlamydosporia mycelial mass. the control group received ... | 2010 | 20036059 |
| efficacy of pyrantel pamoate and ivermectin paste formulations against naturally acquired oxyuris equi infections in horses. | in recent years, numerous veterinary practitioners have reported anecdotal episodes in which anthelmintic treatment did not appear to deliver the expected efficacy against equine pinworms (oxyuris equi). anthelmintic resistance has not been demonstrated formally in equine pinworms, so a clinical study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of paste formulations of pyrantel pamoate or ivermectin against naturally acquired infections with o. equi. twenty-one horses (>4 months to 15 years of age) wi ... | 2010 | 20307935 |
| biodiversity and distribution of helminths and protozoa in naturally infected horses from the biosphere reserve la sierra madre de chiapas", méxico. | a cross sectional survey was performed to identify gastrointestinal helminths and protozoans in naturally infected horses from the biosphere reserve known as "la sierra madre de chiapas", mexico (el triunfo and la sepultura). during a three-year survey, fecal samples from 90 horses and parasites from 2 necropsied animals were collected. five families from the nematoda class: ascaridae, kathlanidae, oxyuridae, strongylidae and trichostrongylidae were found, whereas, only one family from the class ... | 2010 | 20307938 |
| coprological prevalence and intensity of helminth infection in working horses in lesotho. | this study aimed to (1) estimate infection prevalence of strongyle, oxyuris equi and parascaris equorum species and the intensity of infection with strongyles in working horses in lowland lesotho and (2) investigate associations between infection and horse age, sex and owner-reported use of anthelmintics. in a cross-sectional survey, fresh faecal samples were obtained from 305 randomly selected horses and worm egg counts performed using a validated field laboratory kit. details of anthelmintic u ... | 2010 | 20574819 |
| prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in working horses. | fecal samples for detection of gastrointestinal parasites were collected from 221 working horses from september 2002 to may 2003 from 14 villages in urmia, north west of iran. fecal samples of 46 horses (20.8%) were negative for parasite eggs or oocysts. one hundred and seventy five positive horses (48.9%) were infected with a single parasite type and 49 (22.2%) and 18 (8.1%) of horses had multiple infections with two and three parasites, respectively. the highest prevalence and intensity rate b ... | 2010 | 20731187 |
| field study on the efficacy of an oral 2% ivermectin formulation in horses. | twenty horses naturally infected with nematodes were included in a blind, controlled field study on efficacy and safety of an oral 2% ivermectin formulation at a dose of 0.2 mg.kg(-1). horses were divided into treated and non-treated (control) groups with ten animals each based on preliminary counts of eggs per gram of feces (epg). stool samples were collected after treatment for identification of nematode species. clinical evaluations and epg counts were performed on days 0, +5, +14 and +19. ni ... | 2011 | 21722495 |
| anthelmintic resistance in non-strongylid parasites of horses. | since 2002, selected populations of parascaris equorum in several countries have been reported to survive treatment with macrocyclic lactone (m/l) anthelmintics. clinical treatment failures are characterized by negligible fecal egg count reduction, but m/l resistance has been confirmed in ascarids by controlled efficacy testing. resistance was selected by current parasite control practices for foals, which often include exclusive and excessively frequent use of m/l dewormers, thereby minimizing ... | 2011 | 22078748 |
| endoparasites of horses from the formiga city, located in center-west region of the state of minas gerais, brazil. | with the aim of studying the endoparasite fauna of horses from the formiga city, located in center-west region of the state of minas gerais, 25 animals that were naturally infected with helminths were evaluated. by means of parasitological necropsies, different endoparasites were found. the subfamily cyathostominae presented the highest incidence, followed by trichostrongylus axei, oxyuris equi, triodontophorus serratus, strongyloides westeri, strongylus edentatus, habronema muscae, parascaris e ... | 2017 | 25517536 |
| prevalence and intensity of gastro-intestinal helminths in horses in the sudano-guinean climatic zone of cameroon. | it is important to understand the biology and health impact of parasites affecting horses in the western highlands of cameroon. | 2012 | 23508513 |
| a survey of seasonal gastrointestinal parasitic infections in donkeys from a semiarid sub-saharan region, sudan. | out of 92 donkeys examined for gastrointestinal parasites, 90 animals were found infected by one or more gastrointestinal parasites with an overall prevalence rate of 97.78%. the distributions of the recovered parasites in the different parts of the body were as follows: stomach, 92.4%, small intestine, 19.6%, caecum, 88%, colon, 80.4%, rectum, 73.9%, and cranial mesenteric artery, 64.1%. a significant difference was found between mean parasite counts and seasons. hot wet season had higher mean ... | 2016 | 27298739 |
| prevalence and significance of parasites of horses in some states of northern nigeria. | this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and significance of parasites of horses in northern nigeria. blood and faecal samples were randomly collected from 243 horses from different stables in some states of northern nigeria for laboratory analyses. fifty-seven horses (23.5%) were found infected with parasites. the hemoparasites detected, 21 (8.6%), include theileria equi, babesia caballi, trypanosoma vivax and trypanosoma evansi. the endoparasites encountered, 29 (11.9%) were strong ... | 2012 | 24833991 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of oxyuris equi: comparison with other closely related species and phylogenetic implications. | the equine pinworm oxyuris equi (nematoda: oxyuridomorpha) is the most common horse nematode, has a worldwide distribution, and causes major economic losses. in the present study, the complete o. equi mitochondrial (mt) genome was sequenced, and the mt genome structure and organization were compared with those of other closely related pinworm species, enterobius vermicularis and wellcomia siamensis. the o. equi mt genome is a 13,641-bp circular dna molecule that encodes 36 genes (12 protein-codi ... | 2015 | 26452611 |
| prevalence of non-strongyle gastrointestinal parasites of horses in riyadh region of saudi arabia. | this study aimed to provide recent data on the occurrence of non-strongyle intestinal parasite infestation in horses in the riyadh region of saudi arabia as a basis for developing parasite control strategies. we conducted necropsy for 45 horses from september 2006 to november 2007 in the riyadh region, saudi arabia. 39 out of 45 horses were infected with intestinal parasites with an infestation rate of 86.6%. infestations with seven nematode species and two species of gasterophilus larva were fo ... | 2011 | 23961139 |
| epidemiological study of gastrointestinal helminths of equines in damot-gale district, wolaita zone, ethiopia. | the prevalence of equines helminthosis studied from november 2011 to may 2012 in two agroecological zones damot-gale district, wolaita zone, southern ethiopia. the objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence, and to see the distribution of internal helminth parasites of equines. a total of 500 faecal samples collected for coprological examination of gastrointestinal helminth ova. from each species of studied animals 200 positive faecal samples were pooled and cultured, and then the lar ... | 2015 | 26064026 |
| ivermectin failure in the control of oxyuris equi in a herd of ponies in france. | drug resistance in equine gastro-intestinal parasitic nematodes has been reported throughout the world. while the focus is usually put on cyathostomins, observations of macrocylic lactone failure against oxyuris equi have accumulated over the last decade. here we report the failure of ivermectin in the control of o. equi in an experimental welsh pony herd. in a first trial, 6 ponies previously drenched with moxidectin and showing patent o. equi infections were administered ivermectin and subsequ ... | 2016 | 27809982 |
| incidence of gastro-intestinal parasites in horses of shimoga region, karnataka state. | a study was conducted to ascertain the incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in horses of shimoga region, to generate the data regarding status of parasitic infections of equines in karnataka state due to paucity of information. a total of 100 fresh fecal samples of equines were collected and examined by direct and sedimentation method for the detection of parasitic egg/ova. among 100 samples examined, 84 (84.0 %) were found positive for various gastrointestinal helminths. out of 84 positive c ... | 2016 | 27605810 |
| the use of epifluorescence microscopy and fluorescent dyes for visualization of oxyuris equi eggs. | this study presents a new method for visualization of oxyuris equi eggs collected by means of a clear adhesive tape applied to the perianal region of horses. the obtained results indicate that this protocol permits a quick, easy, clear and selective visualization of oxyuris equi eggs even in the presence of feces and other material. another advantage of this method is that it can be used with fluorescent dyes solubilized in water, which will stain biologic material without dissolving or altering ... | 2016 | 27514902 |
| risk factors associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths among indigenous donkeys (equus asinus) in northeastern nigeria. | aim. this survey study was conducted from april 2014 through march 2015 in bauchi, yobe, and gombe states, northeastern nigeria, to explore the risk factors associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminthosis among indigenous donkeys (equus asinus). materials and methods. a total of six hundred fresh faecal samples were randomly collected from indigenous donkeys of varying age, sex, and settlements. simple flotation and sedimentation techniques were used for the detection of helminth ... | 2016 | 27366344 |
| prevalence, intensity and risk factors of infestation with major gastrointestinal nematodes in equines in and around shashemane, southern ethiopia. | prevalence, intensity and risk factors of major gastrointestinal nematode infestation in equines were studied through a cross-sectional survey in 384 equids from october 2013 to april 2014 in and around shashemane, southern ethiopia. three hundred and fifteen equids (82 %) were demonstrated harbouring one or more gastrointestinal (git) nematodes using the faecal flotation technique. the prevalence of git nematode infestation was 73.4, 85 and 86.5 % for horses, mules and donkeys, respectively. th ... | 2015 | 26205906 |
| the horse pinworm (oxyuris equi) in archaeology during the holocene: review of past records and new data. | this paper focuses on the horse pinworm, oxyuris equi, in archaeology during the holocene period, and presents an overview of past published occurrences, early mentions in texts, and new data from our paleoparasitology research. this original compilation shows that the most ancient record of the horse pinworm dates to ca. 2500 years before present (ybp) in central asia and to ca. 2020 ybp in western europe. it also shows that the parasite is not detected on the american continent until contempor ... | 2015 | 25916688 |
| oxyuris equi: lack of efficacy in treatment with macrocyclic lactones. | whilst anthelminthic resistance of small strongyles is well documented, anthelmintic failures against infections with oxyuris equi have scarcely been published so far. we describe two cases of equine oxyurosis and the anthelminthic failure of macrocyclic lactones (moxidectin, ivermectin) resulting in persistent o. equi infections with continuous egg shedding. the horses were kept in two different herds in the federal state of hessia, germany. herd a kept two geldings: an 8-year-old welsh-cob-mix ... | 2014 | 24472770 |