| benzimidazole resistance of equine stronygles--critical tests of six compounds against population b. | critical tests were conducted on eight horses naturally infected with several species of large and small strongyles from population b. tested were six benzimidazoles, including thiabendazole (2 lots) (44 mg/kg of body weight); mebendazole (8.8 mg/kg); cambendazole (two formulations) (20 mg/kg); fenbendazole (10 mg/kg); oxibendazole (10 mg/kg); and oxfendazole (10 mg/kg). all compounds were administered by stomach tube except one of the two cambendazole formulations which was an intraoral paste. ... | 1979 | 517836 |
| [parasitic helminths of the cecum and colon of equidae in italy]. | intestinal helminths from coecum and colon were studied in 93 equidae including 40 horses, 36 donkeys and 17 mules. a total of 38 species, 36 nematodes and 2 cestodes, were identified as follows: 1) triodontophorus serratus, 2) triodontophorus brevicauda, 3) strongylus equinus, 4) strongylus edentatus, 5) strongylus vulgaris, 6) cyathostomum tetracanthum, 7) cyathostomum coronatum, 8) cyathostomum labiatum, 9) cyathostomum labratum, 10) cyathostomum alveatum, 11) cyathostomum pateratum, 12) cyat ... | 1992 | 1339978 |
| resistance of population-b equine strongyles to thiabendazole, oxfendazole, and phenothiazine (1981 to 1987). | critical tests were completed on foals (n = 15) naturally infected with benzimidazole (bz)-resistant population-b strongyles during the period between 1981 and 1987. thiabendazole at a dosage of 44 mg/kg was tested in 8 foals, oxfendazole at 10 mg/kg was tested in 4 foals, and phenothiazine at 55 mg/kg, cambendazole at 20 mg/kg, and fenbendazole at 5 mg/kg were tested in 1 foal each. efficacies of thiabendazole, cambendazole, and fenbendazole against the 5 species of bz-resistant small strongyle ... | 1991 | 1928913 |
| identification of thiabendazole-resistant cyathostome species in louisiana. | a critical trial was performed with five ponies 6-9 months of age and raised on a horse farm with demonstrated benzimidazole-resistant cyathostomes. eleven species of cyathostomes were recovered, seven of which had resistance to thiabendazole. degrees of resistance varied among ponies and from species to species. resistant species were cyathostomum coronatum, cyathostomum catinatum, cylicostephanus minutus, cylicostephanus calicatus, cylicostephanus longibursatus, cylicostephanus goldi and cylic ... | 1991 | 1957489 |
| prevalence and abundance of equine strongyles (nematoda: strongyloidea) in tropical australia. | a postmortem survey of 57 horses in tropical northern queensland revealed 41 (89%) infected with intestinal strongyles. thirty-five strongyle species (8 large strongyles and 27 small strongyles [cyathostominae]) were recorded of which 9 species are reported from australia for the first time. the 14 most prevalent small strongyles were cyathostomum catinatum (in 76% of horses), cyathostomum coronatum (65%), cyathostomum pateratum (33%), cyathostomum labiatum (30%), cylicostephanus calicatus (70%) ... | 1990 | 2380857 |
| internal parasites of horses on mixed grassveld and bushveld in transvaal, republic of south africa. | between 1980 and 1982, the gastrointestinal tracts of 17 horses which had been grazing on mixed grassveld at potchefstroom and bushveld at onderstepoort in the province of transvaal, republic of south africa, were examined at necropsy and processed for parasite recovery. the large strongyles and their prevalences were as follows: strongylus vulgaris and associated lesions (88-94%), strongylus edentatus (24%), strongylus equinus (30%), triodontophorus nipponicus (35%) and craterostomum acuticauda ... | 1989 | 2588465 |
| small strongyle infections in donkeys from the highveld in zimbabwe. | in total, 14 male donkeys aged between 2 and 10 years were obtained in july and november 1986, and january and april 1987 from a communal area in the zimbabwean highveld, with the aim of studying their parasite populations. thirteen species of small strongyles were found, numbers ranging between 3900 and 222 767 worms. the small strongyle populations consisted predominantly of adult worms in all donkeys. these results suggest that rather stable, small strongyle populations, mainly consisting of ... | 1989 | 2728325 |
| possible resistance of small strongyles from female ponies in the netherlands against albendazole. | to determine resistance of small strongyles to albendazole, 3 female ponies (group 1) were grazed on a pasture from may to november 1985 and were treated with 7.5 mg of albendazole/kg of body weight, po, 2 days before turnout in may and again in june and in july. three other female ponies (group 2) grazed on a similar pasture from may to july, were treated with 7.5 mg of albendazole/kg, and were removed to another pasture until november. in december, ponies from both groups were treated with 7.5 ... | 1988 | 3421546 |
| control of strongylosis in horses by alternate grazing of horses and sheep and some other aspects of the epidemiology of strongylidae infections. | alternate grazing of horses and sheep as a control measure for gastrointestinal helminthiasis was studied in three grazing experiments in 1981, 1982 and 1983. each year a group of three mare yearling shetland ponies, which were kept on a small pasture from spring to autumn, were compared with a similar group which grazed a similar or the same pasture until july and were subsequently removed to a similar pasture which had been grazed by sheep from april to july. in addition both groups were treat ... | 1986 | 3962151 |
| the prevalence and intensity of internal parasites of horses in the u.s.a. | fifty-five adult horses were necropsied over a 15-month period, and their worm burdens counted and speciated. twenty-one species of cyathostominae were recovered. ten species: cyathostomum catinatum, cylicocyclus nassatus, cylicostephanus longibursatus, cyathostomum coronatum, cylicostephanus goldi, c. calicatus, c. minutus, cylicocyclus leptostomus, c. insigne and cyathostomum pateratum, comprised 98.9% of the total cyathostome burdens. these same 10 species also demonstrated high prevalences i ... | 1984 | 6237483 |
| critical tests in equids with fenbendazole alone or combined with piperazine: particular reference to activity on benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles. | seven critical tests in equids were conducted with single doses of fenbendazole (5 mg kg-1) alone (panacur--american hoechst, somerville, nj); (2 tests with paste and 1 with suspension formulation) or in combination with piperazine (american hoechst); (40 mg base kg-1); (4 tests with paste formulation). the main purpose of the tests was evaluation of activity against benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles (cyathostomum catinatum, cyathostomum coronatum, cylicocyclus nassatus, cylicostephanus g ... | 1983 | 6683041 |
| benzimidazole resistance of equine strongyles: critical tests of several classes of compounds against population b strongyles from 1977 to 1981. | from 1977 to 1981, critical tests were conducted on 10 horses naturally infected with population b strongyles. drugs tested were: oxibendazole (obz), 10 mg/kg of body weight (n = 1); albendazole, 10 mg/kg (n = 1); a mixture of thiabendazole (tbz), 44 mg/kg and trichlorfon, 40 mg/kg (n = 1); a mixture of tbz at 44 mg/kg with piperazine (ppz) at 55 mg of base/kg (n = 1); febantel (fbt), 6 mg/kg (n = 3), 12 mg/kg (n = 1), or 24 mg/kg (n = 1); and pyrantel (prt) pamoate, 6.6 mg of base/kg (n = 1). l ... | 1984 | 6731997 |
| cambendazole for strongyle control in a pony band: selection of a drug-resistant population of small strongyles and teratologic implications. | cambendazole (cbz) treatments (20 mg/kg) given at 8-week intervals were used for parasite control in a breeding band of ponies (n = 33 to 43) during the period july 1974 to august 1978. pre- and posttreatment worm egg counts on feces were used to evaluate efficacy of treatments after every 2nd treatment interval by monitoring changes in strongyle egg counts. initially, effective reductions (expressed as 92% to 96% fewer worm eggs) were lessened to 70% by the 9th treatment (18 months) and to 28% ... | 1983 | 6824213 |
| the prevalence and abundance of internal parasites in working horses autopsied in poland. | the digestive tracts of 50 working horses from private farms in poland were examined. thirty-seven nematode species, two tapeworm species and one species of botfly were recovered. the most prevalent small strongyle species were cyathostomum catinatum, cylicocyclus nassatus, cylicostephanus goldi, cylicostephanus longibursatus, cyathostomum coronatum, cylicostephanus calicatus, cylicocyclus leptostomus and cylicostephanus minutus. thirteen cyathostome species showed a site preference in the ventr ... | 1995 | 7676606 |
| critical tests of thiabendazole, oxibendazole, and oxfendazole for drug resistance of population-b equine small strongyles (1989 and 1990). | critical tests were conducted in horses (n = 11) with naturally acquired infections of benzimidazole (bz)-resistant population-b small strongyles in 1989 and 1990. anthelmintics administered were thiabendazole (44 mg/kg of body weight, n = 4), oxibendazole (10 mg/kg, n = 3), and oxfendazole (ofz, 10 mg/kg; n = 4). all compounds were paste formulations administered orally except for 1 of the ofz treatments, which was a suspension formulation given by stomach tube. aggregate mean efficacy was calc ... | 1993 | 8323061 |
| critical test evaluation (1977-1992) of drug efficacy against endoparasites featuring benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles (population s) in shetland ponies. | several compounds (n = 13 single or combinations; most at therapeutic dosages) were evaluated between 1977 and 1992 in critical tests (n = 91) against benzimidazole (bz) resistant small strongyles (population s) and several other species of internal parasites in shetland ponies, mostly under 1 year old. the closed breeding herd, from which the test ponies were selected, had been treated every 8 weeks with cambendazole (cbz) for 4 years (1974-1978) and oxibendazole (obz) for 14 years (1978-1992). ... | 1996 | 8988557 |
| a study (1977-1992) of population dynamics of endoparasites featuring benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles (population s) in shetland ponies. | critical tests (91) were done between 1977 and 1992 in shetland ponies to evaluate drug susceptibility and population dynamics (present paper) of endoparasites. the test ponies, most less than 1 year old, were from a herd where older animals were treated every 8 weeks initially with cambendazole (cbz) (1974-1978) and then with oxibendazole (obz) (1978-1992). previous field test data (1974-1992) on older ponies in the breeding herd indicated the presence of benzimidazole (bz) resistant small stro ... | 1996 | 8988558 |
| a comparison of the bioequivalence of 0.5% fenbendazole top dress pellets or 10% fenbendazole oral suspension against a spectrum of equine parasites. | a controlled test was conducted to assess the efficacy bioequivalence of a single dose of 0.5% fenbendazole (fbz) top dress pellets to a 10% fbz suspension formulation (panacur suspension 10%, hoechst roussel vet). thirty horses with naturally-acquired parasite infections, in replicates of three, were used. strongyle egg per gram counts were not significantly different (p>0.1) between groups pretreatment, but fbz treated groups were significantly different from the control group post-treatment. ... | 1999 | 10392771 |
| cyathostominae (nematoda) parasites of equus caballus in some brazilian states. | thirty six horses from nine brazilian states (goiás, minas gerais, pará, maranhão, piauí, paraíba, pernambuco, rio grande do norte, and ceará) were examined for infections by small strongyles. the following species were identified: cylicocyclus nassatus, c. insigne, c. brevicapsulatus, c. leptostomum, c. radiatus, c. ultrajectinus, c. ashworthi, cylicostephanus goldi, c. calicatus, c. minutus, c. longibursatus, petrovinema poculatum, coronocyclus coronatus, c. labiatus, c. labratus, cyathostomum ... | 1999 | 10489198 |
| novel small strongyle (cyathostominae) beta-tubulin sequences. | several coding sequences of the benzimidazole (bz) target beta-tubulin have been described for different parasitic nematodes. however, until recently no tubulin sequences from cyathostome species were available, despite the importance of bz resistance in horses in the field. here, we describe several full-length beta-tubulin coding sequences of two major small strongyle species, namely cylicocyclus nassatus and cyathostomum coronatum. in the latter sequence, the putative bz resistant mutation in ... | 2001 | 11206108 |
| allele-specific pcr for the beta-tubulin codon 200 ttc/tac polymorphism using single adult and larval small strongyle (cyathostominae) stages. | it has been shown that benzimidazole (bz) resistance in sheep gastrointestinal nematodes is linked with an increase in beta-tubulin codon 200 tyrosine-expressing alleles in the resistant parasite populations. here, an allele-specific pcr has been developed for the discrimination of the tac/ttc polymorphism in the beta-tubulin 200 codon of small strongyles. one reverse primer was used in 2 separate amplifications with 1 of 2 forward primers that differed only in their final 3' nucleotide. the pri ... | 2002 | 12053994 |
| investigation of diversity and isotypes of the beta-tubulin cdna in several small strongyle (cyathostominae) species. | the diversity of the beta-tubulin cdnas of the cyathostominae and the occurrence of further isotypes were examined in adult worms isolated from an anthelmintic-naïve horse. cdnas encoding beta-tubulin from cyathostomum catinatum, cylicocyclus nassatus, cylicocyclus insigne, cylicocyclus radiatus, cylicocyclus elongatus, cyathostomum coronatum, and cyathostomum pateratum were characterized using specific primers developed from the cdna sequence of cc. nassatus. the cdna sequences span 1,429 bp an ... | 2002 | 12197112 |
| prevalence, abundance and site distribution of equine small strongyles in normandy, france. | forty-two horses from normandy (france) were examined post-mortem for small strongyle infections from october to march. in the positive horses, total worm numbers ranged from 234 to 90,247 (mean 11,297). encysted larvae represented the major part of the total cyathostome burdens with a high percentage (83%) being early third stage larvae. they were mostly recovered from the caecum (48%) and ventral colon (40%) and were less present in the dorsal colon (12%). adult cyathostomes were mainly locate ... | 2002 | 12446091 |
| beta-tubulin complementary dna sequence variations observed between cyathostomins from benzimidazole-susceptible and -resistant populations. | the molecular mechanism of benzimidazole (bz) resistance in cyathostomins of horses is still unclear. previous studies revealed that the ttc or tac polymorphism in codon 200 of the beta-tubulin isotype 1 gene is not as strictly correlated with bz resistance as in trichostrongyles in sheep. to identify further sites of polymorphism within the beta-tubulin gene related to bz resistance, complete complementary dnas (cdnas) encoding beta-tubulin of adult worms of cylicocyclus nassatus, cyathostomum ... | 2004 | 15357086 |
| evidence of p-glycoprotein sequence diversity in cyathostomins. | p-glycoproteins (pgps) are adenosine triphosphate-binding transporter proteins thought to be associated with multi-drug resistance in mammals and protozoans and have been suggested to be involved in the mechanism of ivermectin (ivm) resistance in haemonchus contortus. until now, resistance to ivm has not been reported in cyathostomins in horses in spite of its widespread and frequent use. reasons for this might be differences in the molecular mechanism of the development of resistance. based on ... | 2004 | 15562598 |
| [the communities of cyathostomes (cyathostominae) in year-old and two-year-old pure blood arabian mares]. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the strongyles species in 34 pure blood arabian horses: one-year-old mares (n = 12) and two-year old mares (n = 22) from the horse stud in 2005, kept under housed-pastured system and dewormed systematically, twice a year using the ivermectin compounds. | 2007 | 18441879 |
| anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomins of brood horses in ukraine and influence of anthelmintic treatments on strongylid community structure. | in 2004-2006, 322 brood horses from 11 horse farms were examined using the faecal egg count reduction test (fecrt) to determine the presence and distribution of anthelmintic resistance in strongylids in ukraine. the anthelmintic drugs "albendazole-7.5" (7.5mg of albenazole, ukraine) at a dose of 5mg per kg body weight and "univerm" (0.2% aversectin c, russia) at a dose of 0.5mg per kg body weight were used. seventy-one horses from six farms were examined in vivo to investigate the influence of a ... | 2008 | 18485600 |
| morphometric identification of equid cyathostome (nematoda: cyathostominae) infective larvae. | the prevalence of infection with cyathosthomes of horses is high worldwide. identification of species on infective larvae based on available morphological keys is not fully accurate and the aim of the present study was to provide a reliable identification key of cyathostomes infective larvae. at the abattoir, horse large intestines were examined and the cyathostomes females extracted and identified. the eggs from uteruses of identified cyathostomes females were used for breeding the infective la ... | 2009 | 19359100 |
| in vitro development of cyathostomin larvae from the third stage larvae to the fourth stage: morphologic characterization, effects of refrigeration, and species-specific patterns. | a mixed population of equine cyathostomin (nematoda, strongyloidea) infective third stage larvae (l3) was cultured in vitro using a cell-free medium. some l3 were cultured immediately after baermann collection from fecal cultures, while others were kept in water at 4 degrees c for 7 days before initiating the in vitro cultures. cultures were examined daily for viability. at days 2, 7, 14 and 21 larvae were collected for identification of developmental stage and morphological changes, using both ... | 2009 | 19493623 |
| occurrence of strongyles (strongylidae) in horses from small farms on the basis of necropsy. | three parts of the large intestine, i.e. the dorsal and ventral colon, and caecum in 41 working horses from small farms in southern poland were examined. five species of large strongyles (3 migratory species from genus strongylus and 2 non-migratory from genus triodontophorus) and as well as 17 species of cyathostomes were revealed. the prevalence of large strongyles was observed, accordingly: strongylus vulgaris--80.5%, s. equinus--9.8%, s. edentatus--4.9%, triodontophorus serratus--19.5% and t ... | 2009 | 19645353 |
| β-tubulin genotypes in six species of cyathostomins from anthelmintic-naive przewalski and benzimidazole-resistant brood horses in ukraine. | resistance to benzimidazoles (bz) in the gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock is characterised by the presence of specific polymorphisms in the β-tubulin isotype 1 protein, a component of microtubules. the most prevalent polymorphism associated with resistance in nematodes infecting cattle, sheep, and goats is found at codon 200, with minor occurrences of polymorphisms at codons 167 and 198. in the cyathostomins that infect horses, however, a polymorphism at codon 167 appears to be more commo ... | 2011 | 21553015 |
| observations on development of natural infection and species composition of small strongyles in young equids in kentucky. | early development and maturation of species of small strongyles have not been studied extensively. most information is on the first appearance of strongyle eggs in feces of foals. however, species cannot be determined in this manner because of similarity of the morphological features of the eggs. to determine more definitive knowledge on development and species composition of natural infections of small strongyles, eight equid foals were necropsied and examined at various ages (31 to 92 days of ... | 2011 | 21614543 |
| the prevalence, abundance and distribution of cyathostomins (small stongyles) in horses from western romania. | forty seven working horses from romania were post-mortem examined for small strongyles (cyathostominae) infections. all horses were found infected. the overall cyathostomins intensity ranged from 390 to 13,010 and horses were infected by 8-24 species. the intensity was higher in ventral colon (1531) and dorsal colon (824), the lowest in the caecum (524). twenty four species were identified. cyathostomum catinatum, cylicocyclus insigne, and c. nassatus had 100% of prevalence. over 50% of horses w ... | 2016 | 27198801 |
| fecundity of various species of strongylids (nematoda: strongylidae)--parasites of domestic horses. | the aims of the study were to determine fecundity of several strongylid species parasitizing domestic horses and analyze possible relations between numbers of eggs in female uteri and size of both the eggs and the nematodes as well as the influence of fecundity on proportion of species in the strongylid community. twenty-five specimens from each of 15 strongylid species (strongylus vulgaris, strongylus edentatus, triodontophorus serratus, triodontophorus brevicauda, triodontophorus tenuicollis, ... | 2012 | 22903448 |