| nucleotide sequence analysis of the l1 loop variable region of hexon gene of fowl adenovirus 4 isolates from india. | three fowl adenovirus 4 (fav4) isolates from chicken and one from quail, all from tamil nadu, india were analyzed. the l1 loop variable region of hexon gene of these isolates was amplified by pcr and sequenced. the nucleotide sequences (442 bp) and deduced amino acid sequences of the four isolates were compared with those of other isolates of fav4. the nucleotide sequences of the four isolates had a 98% homology with other indian isolates and a 96% homology with belgian and russian isolates. the ... | 2005 | 15929401 |
| development of sandwich elisa for the detection of fowl adenovirus 4 associated with hydropericardium syndrome in experimentally infected chicken. | a sandwich elisa was standardized to detect fowl adenovirus (fav) group i antigen in various tissues, namely liver, spleen, bursa, thymus and kidneys of chicks experimentally infected with fowl adenovirus 4 (fav-4) isolated from cases of inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (ibh-hps). the assay was found to be more sensitive and more specific in comparison to an agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test, as it could detect fav antigen below the titer of 20,000 tcid50/ml and below 1.14 m ... | 2001 | 11719988 |
| coding potential and transcript analysis of fowl adenovirus 4: insight into upstream orfs as common sequence features in adenoviral transcripts. | recombinant fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) have been successfully used as veterinary vaccine vectors. however, insufficient definitions of the protein-coding and non-coding regions and an incomplete understanding of virus-host interactions limit the progress of next-generation vectors. fadvs are known to cause several diseases of poultry. certain isolates of species fadv-c are the aetiological agent of inclusion body hepatitis/hydropericardium syndrome (ibh/hps). in this study, we report the complete ... | 2011 | 21430092 |
| economically important non-oncogenic immunosuppressive viral diseases of chicken--current status. | immunosuppressive viral diseases threaten the poultry industry by causing heavy mortality and economic loss of production, often as a result of the chickens' increased susceptibility to secondary infections and sub-optimal response to vaccinations. this paper aimed to present an up-to-date review of three specific economically important non-oncogenic immunosuppressive viral diseases of chickens, viz. chicken infectious anaemia (cia), infectious bursal disease (ibd) and hydropericardium syndrome ... | 2006 | 16883664 |
| characterization of fowl adenovirus serotype-4 associated with hydropericardium syndrome in chicken. | the polypeptides of three fowl adenovirus-4 (fav-4) field isolates of hydropericardium syndrome from various geographical areas of the country and the standard fav-1 (celo virus) were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analysed by protein immunoblotting with polyclonal antibodies to fav-4 and fav-1. protein profile analysis of fav-4 isolates revealed similarity of all the eight polypeptides with molecular weight ranging from 20 to 107 kda but differed from ... | 2002 | 12053912 |
| fowl adenoviruse-4 infection induces strong innate immune responses in chicken. | fowl adenovirus (fadv), as the causative agent of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hhs), poses a significant threat to the poultry industry in china in recent years. in this study, we investigated the immunopathogenesis of a fadv-4 strain hn/151025 in 60-day-old chickens. the virus was highly virulent in chickens, with a broader tissue tropism in chickens, causing 60 % mortality. postmortem findings of dead chickens showed mild hhs and liver degeneration and necrosis. importantly, fadv-4 inf ... | 2020 | 31874355 |
| identification of chicken car homology as a cellular receptor for the emerging highly pathogenic fowl adenovirus 4 via unique binding mechanism. | since 2015, the prevalence of severe hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, which is caused by the novel genotype fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4), has increased in china and led to considerable economic losses. the replication cycle of fadv-4, especially the emerging highly pathogenic novel genotype fadv-4, remains largely unknown. the adenovirus fibre interacts with the cellular receptor as the initial step in adenovirus (adv) infection. in our previous studies, the complete genome sequence s ... | 2020 | 32174269 |
| the increased virulence of hypervirulent fowl adenovirus 4 is independent of fiber-1 and penton. | hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hhs) caused by hypervirulent fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv-4) have been causing great economic losses to chinese poultry industry since 2015. elucidation of the pathogenesis of fadv-4 will lay solid foundation for developing attenuated fadv-4 vaccine and vaccine vector. our previous study has demonstrated that the increased virulence of hypervirulent fadv-4 was associated with fiber-2 and hexon genes. however, the roles of fiber-1 and penton in virulence of fadv-4 ... | 2020 | 32283442 |
| genetic characterization of fowl aviadenovirus 4 isolates from guangxi, china, during 2017-2019. | hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hhs) is a severe disease that causes 20 to 80% mortality in chickens aged 3 to 6 wk. fowl aviadenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4) plays an important role in the etiology of hhs. since 2015, outbreaks of hhs have been reported in several provinces of china; however, details regarding the fadv-4 genome properties are lacking. in the present study, the complete genomes of 9 isolates responsible for these outbreaks in guangxi province, china, were sequenced. to investi ... | 2020 | 32867960 |
| influence of pigeon interferon alpha (piifn-α) on pigeon circovirus (picv) replication and cytokine expression in columba livia. | pigeon circovirus (picv) is the most diagnosed virus in pigeons (columba livia) and have been studied and reported globally. picv infections can lead to immunosuppression and pigeons infected with picv can result to lymphocyte apoptosis and atrophy of immune organs. young pigeon disease syndrome (ypds) is a complex disease and believed that picv could be one of the agents leading to this syndrome. an effective treatment regimen is needed to control the spread of picv in pigeons. in this study pi ... | 2020 | 32122595 |
| genetic characterization of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 isolates in southern china reveals potential cross-species transmission. | increasing numbers of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hhs) outbreaks associated with fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv-4) have been confirmed in several provinces of china since 2015, mainly affecting 3-5-week-old broiler chicks, resulting in significant losses to the poultry industry. however, little is currently known regarding the molecular epidemiology and host specificity of fadv-4 associated with hhs in southern china. in the present study, we isolated 37 fadv-4 strains from 52 suspected cases ... | 2019 | 31226331 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant fiber-2 protein in protecting spf chickens against fowl adenovirus 4. | since a novel hyper-virulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4) infection occurred in 2015, the novel fadv-4 has been widely spreading across china, causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry. as the urgency of the issue calls for effective and efficient solutions, the present study investigated the possibility of the fiber-2 protein of the fadv-4 to serve as a vaccine candidate against the novel fadv-4. in the research, fiber-2 proteins were expressed in escherichia coli, and ... | 2018 | 29395523 |
| the first whole genome sequence and pathogenicity characterization of a fowl adenovirus 4 isolated from ducks associated with inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium syndrome. | in june 2015, an infectious disease with high prevalence causing severe hydropericardium syndrome (hps) first appeared in duck farms of northeast china. the disease showed high morbidity of 35% and mortality of 15% in a commercial duck farm with 200,000 45-day-old ducks. one strain of hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 was identified and designated as hljdad15. the whole genome of the duck isolate was sequenced and found to contain the same large deletions as a genotype that has become pre ... | 2017 | 28622015 |
| an inactivated novel genotype fowl adenovirus 4 protects chickens against the hydropericardium syndrome that recently emerged in china. | since 2015, china has experienced outbreaks of severe hydropericardium syndrome (hps), associated with a novel genotype and hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4) infection, with a prevalence in various provinces of the country. this has resulted in huge economic losses in the poultry industry. the novel fadv-4 showed new genome characters, such as the natural deletion of open reading frame (orf) 19 and orf 27 (1966 bp), and high pathogenicity toward chickens. these are coupled with s ... | 2017 | 28786949 |
| overexpression and characterization of the 100k protein of fowl adenovirus-4 as an antiviral target. | 100k is an important scaffolding protein of adenoviruses including fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4) that causes inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (ibh-hps) in poultry. 100k carries out the trimerization of the major capsid hexon protein of the virus for the generation of new virions inside the target host cells. despite its critical role for fadv-4, no structural study, in particular, has been conducted so far. here, the overexpression of soluble 100k protein was successfully ... | 2017 | 28666898 |
| hydropericardium syndrome: current state and future developments. | hydropericardium syndrome (hps) is a highly infectious disease caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fav-4) affecting poultry, especially broiler birds. the disease was initially reported from angara goth, pakistan, and then from india during 1994, in the poultry belt of jammu and kashmir, and thereafter, from almost all parts of the country, causing heavy economic losses to the poultry industry. the disease occurs predominantly in broilers of the age group of 3-5 weeks, characterized by sudden ... | 2013 | 23242777 |
| development of dot enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay using recombinant hexon protein for detecting antibodies to hydropericardium syndrome disease virus. | dot enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (elisa) using recombinant hexon protein of fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv 4) was standardized to detect antibody levels against hydropericardium syndrome disease in chickens. results were compared with the dot-elisa using purified virus protein antigen of fadv 4. in an experimental vaccination of broiler chicken, the antibody levels by dot elisa with recombinant protein and purified virus protein antigen ranged from 2.240±0.09 log10 to 2.0±0.04 during 5th to 8th w ... | 2015 | 26954190 |
| genetic characterization of novel fowl aviadenovirus 4 isolates from outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in broiler chickens in china. | since may 2015, severe outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hhs) associated with infections of fowl aviadenovirus (fadv) have emerged in broiler chickens in several chinese provinces. to identify the genotype and gain a better understanding of the genetic properties of the fadv strains responsible for the recent hhs outbreaks in china, the complete genome sequences of five isolates from outbreaks of hhs in broiler chickens in five provinces were determined. the results demonstrated ... | 2016 | 27876783 |
| characterization of a hypervirulent fowl adenovirus 4 with the novel genotype newly prevalent in china and establishment of reproduction infection model of hydropericardium syndrome in chickens. | severe hydropericardium syndrome (hps) has been present in layers in the northeast of china since june 2015, with mortality rates varying from 30 to 90%. dead layers had severe hydropericardium with pericardial volumes of 5 to 20 ml, as well as inclusion body hepatitis. laboratory investigations led to the isolation of a fowl adenovirus strain, hljfad15, from the liver tissue of dead layers. natural deletions of orf19 and orf27 were found in this clinical strain by complete genome sequencing, wh ... | 2017 | 28339951 |
| a subunit vaccine against hydropericardium syndrome using adenovirus penton capsid protein. | hydropericardium syndrome (hps) is a disease of poultry that is caused by fowl adenovirus-4. inactivated liver homogenate from diseased birds is still the choice of vaccine in some countries which disseminates numerous pathogens along with inactivated virus. moreover incomplete attenuation or inactivation, reversion to virulence and the oncogenic potential/genetic instability of the adenoviruses have prevented their use in routine vaccines. to address this problem an effort is made to develop a ... | 2012 | 23085359 |
| recombinant hexon antigen based single serum dilution elisa for rapid serological profiling against fowl adenovirus-4 causing hydropericardium syndrome in chickens. | a recombinant hexon antigen based single serum dilution enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to measure the specific antibody in sera of chickens against fowl adenovirus-4 (fadv) causing hydropericardium syndrome (hps). an immunodominant partial hexon gene of 737bp was cloned into prset vector and expressed in escherichia coli strain bl21 de3 plys s. expression was tested by western blot test. the purified recombinant protein antigen was used in coating elisa plate for fadv-4 ... | 2014 | 24983486 |
| molecular cloning, expression and characterization of 100k gene of fowl adenovirus-4 for prevention and control of hydropericardium syndrome. | fowl adenovirus-4 is an infectious agent causing hydropericardium syndrome in chickens. adenovirus are non-enveloped virions having linear, double stranded dna. viral genome codes for few structural and non structural proteins. 100k is an important non-structural viral protein. open reading frame for coding sequence of 100k protein was cloned with oligo histidine tag and expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein. nucleotide sequence of the gene revealed that 100k gene of fadv-4 has high ... | 2016 | 26558992 |
| isolation and identification of a fowl adenovirus from wild black kites (milvus migrans). | a fowl adenovirus was isolated from wild black kites (milvus migrans) that died around kashipur, uttarakhand, india. this virus isolate produced cytopathic effects in chicken embryo liver (cel) cells and reacted with fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv-4) antiserum in agar gel immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence tests. the virus isolate was neutralized by fadv-4 antiserum with a neutralization titer of 800. electron microscopy of infected cel cells showed the presence of hexagonal virion particles measur ... | 2010 | 20090043 |
| the intracorporal interaction of fowl adenovirus type 4 and lasota strain significantly aggravates the pathogenicity of one another after using contaminated newcastle disease virus-attenuated vaccine. | in the past five years, inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome caused by fowl adenovirus type 4 (fadv-4) has been rampant in china and is still an epidemic at present. we had found the contamination of fadv-4 in newcastle disease virus (ndv)-attenuated vaccine from a large farm with aforementioned disease, and then conjectured that the use of this contaminated vaccine might be an important reason for the outbreak of the fadv-4 infection. to assess the pathogenicity of this contaminat ... | 2019 | 30358868 |
| user-friendly reverse genetics system for modification of the right end of fowl adenovirus 4 genome. | a novel fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv-4) has caused significant economic losses to the poultry industry in china since 2015. we established an easy-to-use reverse genetics system for modification of the whole right and partial left ends of the novel fadv-4 genome, which worked through cell-free reactions of restriction digestion and gibson assembly. three recombinant viruses were constructed to test the assumption that species-specific viral genes of orf4 and orf19a might be responsible for the enhanc ... | 2020 | 32168853 |
| chicken infectious anemia virus helps fowl adenovirus break the protection of maternal antibody and cause inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in layers after using co-contaminated newcastle disease virus-attenuated vaccine. | inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (ibh-hps) caused by fowl adenovirus type 4 (fadv-4) has caused huge economic losses for china in the past five years. at present, this disease is controlled in many flocks with the inactivated fadv vaccine, but the offspring chicks of a layer breeding flock that were vaccinated with this vaccine still became infected and developed ibh-hps with a 20% mortality rate. analysis revealed that the ndv-attenuated vaccine in use from the above-mentioned ... | 2019 | 30358862 |
| protein profile of fadv-4 based on sds-page and western blot isolated from chickens in india. | fowl adenovirus-4 (fadv-4) causes hydropericardium syndrome (hps) in poultry worldwide. an understanding of viral structural protein composition is important for developing novel immunodiagnostics and immunoprophylactics. here we report isolation, culture, molecular and protein profile of fadv-4 isolates recovered from hps outbreaks in chicken in the states of himachal pradesh and tamil nadu in india. we performed a sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and western ... | 2018 | 30245048 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of fowl adenovirus serotype-4 from guangdong province, china. | our aim in this study was to isolate potentially novel strains of fowl adenovirus serotype-4 (fadv-4) that is currently circulating in broiler chicken flocks in guangdong province, china, and to compare nucleotide and amino acid (aa) sequences of their respective hexon genes. | 2020 | 32636597 |
| the natural large genomic deletion is unrelated to the increased virulence of the novel genotype fowl adenovirus 4 recently emerged in china. | since 2015, severe hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (hhs), caused by a highly pathogenic fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv-4), emerged in china. in our previous study, the fadv-4 has been identified as a novel genotype with a unique 1966-bp nucleotide deletion (1966del) between open reading frame 42 and 43. in this study, the natural 1966del was frequently identified among 17 clinical isolates and other reported chinese clinical strains. to investigate the relationship between 1966del and the increased ... | 2018 | 30217040 |
| synergistic pathogenicity in sequential coinfection with fowl adenovirus type 4 and avian orthoreovirus. | hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (hhs) is a fatal disease caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4). avian viral arthritis is an infectious disease characterized by movement disorders caused by avian orthoreovirus (arv). in the early 2019, our epidemiologic survey on poultry diseases in eight commercial broiler farms in china showed that fadv-4 and arv have a high coinfection rate, accounting for 63 % of all arv-positive samples. we designed chicken embryo and animal models to investigate ... | 2020 | 33091795 |
| age-dependence of hypervirulent fowl adenovirus type 4 pathogenicity in specific-pathogen-free chickens. | hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (hvfadv-4) has emerged as a major pathogen of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hhs) with increased mortality in chickens, resulting in economic losses to the chinese poultry industry since june 2015. here, we isolated a hypervirulent fadv-4 (hvfadv-4) strain (designated gd616) from 25-day-old meat-type chickens with severe hhs in guangdong province china in june 2017. the whole genome of the strain gd616 shares high homology with those in the recently ... | 2021 | 34157559 |
| a single amino acid at residue 188 of the hexon protein is responsible for the pathogenicity of the emerging novel virus fowl adenovirus 4. | since 2015, severe hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (hhs) associated with a novel fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv-4) has emerged in china, representing a new challenge for the poultry industry. although various highly pathogenic fadv-4 strains have been isolated, the virulence factor and the pathogenesis of novel fadv-4 are unclear. in our previous studies, we reported that a large genomic deletion (1,966 bp) is not related to increased virulence. here, two recombinant chimeric viruses, rhn20 strain ... | 2021 | 34133902 |
| fiber modifications enable fowl adenovirus 4 vectors to transduce human cells. | pre-existing immunities hamper the application of human adenovirus (hadv) vectors in gene therapy or vaccine development. fowl adenovirus (fadv)-based vector might represent an alternative. | 2021 | 34050587 |
| an efficient peptide-based elisa for differentiating fowl adenovirus 4-infected chickens from vaccinated chickens. | fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv4), the causative agent of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hps), has caused major economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. although inactivated vaccines have been deployed widely against fadv4, a diva (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) test specific for fadv4 has not been available. we synthesized an immunogenic peptide, corresponding to regions 66-88 aa of the 22k nonstructural protein of fadv4, and used the peptide as coating antig ... | 2021 | 33856244 |
| oral immunization of recombinant lactococcus lactis and enterococcus faecalis expressing dendritic cell targeting peptide and hexon protein of fowl adenovirus 4 induces protective immunity against homologous infection. | hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hps) causes severe economic losses in the global poultry industry. the present study aims to explore oral immunization of recombinant lactococcus lactis and enterococcus faecalis expressing hexon protein of fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv-4). the bacteria l. lactis nz9000 and e. faecalis mdxef-1 were, respectively, modified as host strain to deliver truncated hexon protein (δhexon) or δhexon protein fusing with dendritic cell (dc) targeting peptide (dc-δhexon) on the ... | 2021 | 33708811 |
| fiber1, but not fiber2, is the essential fiber gene for fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv-4). | fibre is the viral protein that mediates the attachment and infection of adenovirus to the host cell. fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv-4) possesses two different fibre trimers on each penton capsomere, and roles of the separate fibres remain elusive. here, we attempted to investigate the function of fadv-4 fibres by using reverse genetics approaches. adenoviral plasmids carrying fiber1 or fiber2 mutant genes were constructed and used to transfect chicken lmh cells. fiber1-mutated recombinant virus could ... | 2021 | 33625352 |
| in silico epitope prediction and immunogenic analysis for penton base epitope-focused vaccine against hydropericardium syndrome in chicken. | certain strains of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4) of the family adenoviridae are recognized to be the causative agents of hydropericardium syndrome (hps) in broiler chicken. despite the significantly spiking mortality in broilers due to hps, not much effort has been made to design an effective vaccine against fadv-4. the combination of immuno- and bioinformatics tools for immunogenic epitope prediction is the most recent concept of vaccine design. it reduces the time and effort required for ... | 2019 | 31509776 |
| pathogenicity and molecular characterization of a fowl adenovirus 4 isolated from chicken associated with ibh and hps in china. | since july in 2015, an emerging infectious disease, fowl adenovirus (fadv) species c infection with hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome was prevalent in chicken flocks in china. in our study, one fadv strain was isolated from commercial broiler chickens and was designated as sdsx1.the phylogenetic information, genetic mutations and pathogenicity of sdsx1 were evaluated. | 2018 | 30547794 |
| fiber2 and hexon genes are closely associated with the virulence of the emerging and highly pathogenic fowl adenovirus 4. | since may 2015, outbreaks of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (hhs) caused by fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv-4) with a novel genotype have been reported in china, causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry. a previous comparative analysis revealed that highly virulent fadv-4 isolates contain various genomic deletions and multiple distinct mutations in the major structural genes fiber2 and hexon. to identify the genes responsible for the virulence of hhs-associated novel fadv-4 isola ... | 2018 | 30514838 |
| development and application of a novel elisa for detecting antibodies against group i fowl adenoviruses. | since 2015, outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (hps) caused by a novel genotype of fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv-4) infection have created serious economic losses in china. given that other serotypes of hypervirulent fadvs have also been reported in poultry around the world, a common elisa for all serotypes within the group i fowl adenoviruses (fadv-i) is urgently needed, especially for clinical epidemic serotypes. in this study, we used high purity and concentration virions of fadv-4 an ... | 2020 | 31836910 |
| ☆dna assembly technique simplifies the construction of infectious clone of fowl adenovirus. | plasmid bearing adenovirus genome is generally constructed with the method of homologous recombination in e. coli bj5183 strain. here, we utilized gibson gene assembly technique to generate infectious clone of fowl adenovirus 4 (fadv-4). primers flanked with partial inverted terminal repeat (itr) sequence of fadv-4 were synthesized to amplify a plasmid backbone containing kanamycin-resistant gene and pbr322 origin (kan-ori). dna assembly was carried out by combining the kan-ori fragment, virus g ... | 2018 | 29703616 |
| newcastle disease virus-attenuated vaccine co-contaminated with fowl adenovirus and chicken infectious anemia virus results in inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in poultry. | inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (ibh-hps) induced by fowl adenovirus type 4 (fadv-4) has caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry of china, but the source of infection for different flocks, especially flocks with high biological safety conditions, has remained unclear. this study tested the pathogenicity of newcastle disease virus (ndv)-attenuated vaccine from a large-scale poultry farm in china where ibh-hps had appeared with high mortality. analysis revealed that ... | 2018 | 29685221 |