| erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme associated with milker's nodules. | an epidemic of 44 cases of milker's nodules was recorded in the tampere central hospital catchment area in finland during the autumn of 1974. exanthema or erythema multiforme-like secondary eruptions were seen in 10 cases. one female patient is reported in detail because of the simultaneous occurrence of erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme. the virological diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopy. | 1976 | 56860 |
| [bovine papular stomatitis]. | | 1975 | 169569 |
| [bovine viruses and methods for their detection]. | | 1975 | 169627 |
| [an epidemic of milker's nodules in pirkanmaa in the fall of 1974]. | | 1975 | 173516 |
| a paravaccinia virus isolated from cattle. | isolation of viruses from calves with acute respiratory tract disease were attempted on bovine embryonic lung cell cultures. an isolate obtained from one calf with oral lesions and respiratory disease, designated 44-m-e482, was characterized as a paravaccinia virus on the basis of biological and physical properties. the calf from which the paravaccinia virus 44-m-e482 was isolated did not possess serum neutralizing antibody in its convalescent sera; neither did experimentally inoculated calves p ... | 1977 | 188595 |
| [experimental infection of man using viral strains of bovine papular stomatitis, orf, pseudocowpox and milker's nodule]. | an account is given of the close correlations that exist between virus strains of bovine papular stomatitis, orf, pseudocowpox, and milker's nodule. reference is made to literature data on natural infection of man with the above virus strains. a report then is presented on experimental infection of human volunteers, using paravaccine birus. while fairly tough and elevated nodules, 4 mm to 5 mm in diameter, were produced on the probends' skin, no re-isolation of virus was achieved. | 1977 | 203242 |
| isolation of paravaccinia virus from sheep. | | 1978 | 205699 |
| [paravaccinia epidemic in herzegovina]. | | 1977 | 207936 |
| physical characterization of a stomatitis papulosa virus genome: a cleavage map for the restriction endonucleases hindiii and ecori. | the genome of stomatitis papulosa virus (a parapoxvirus) was cleaved with the restriction endonucleases hindiii and ecori, each giving rise to 6 fragments respectively. double digestion with both enzymes resulted in 8 bands, two of which contained dna fragments in double molar concentrations as revealed by reciprocal digests of isolated dna fragments. the genome size, estimated by summation of the molecular weights of the fragments, is approximately 86 x 10(6) daltons, some 30 x 10(6) daltons sm ... | 1979 | 218532 |
| high c + g content in parapoxvirus dna. | the dnas of eight parapoxviruses (four stomatitis papulosa viruses isolated from infected calves, a pseudocowpox virus isolated from a teat lesion of an infected cow and three orf viruses, one isolated from an infected sheep and two isolated from human infections) were analysed in cscl gradients. the mole % of g+c was calculated from the buoyant density and found to be approx. 63% for all virus isolates examined. parapoxvirus dna thus has by far the highest g+c content of all poxvirus dnas so fa ... | 1979 | 225418 |
| [milker's nodes: transmission by fomites and virological identification]. | we report a case of milker's nodules in a male who was not a professional cattle raiser with indirect and accidental transmission by fomites. a parapoxvirus was demonstrated from cutaneous lesions by electron microscopy with negative stain. | 1991 | 1659456 |
| differentiation of parapoxviruses by application of orf virus-specific monoclonal antibodies against cell surface proteins. | monoclonal antibodies were produced against orf virus-specified cell surface proteins in an attempt to develop reagents capable of differentiating between members of the parapoxviridae. two immunization protocols were used to induce an anti-orf response in balb/c mice, one of which resulted in virus replication in the recipient. the monoclonal antibodies produced were tested for crossreactivity with bovine papular stomatitis virus (bps) and milker's node virus (mnv) by indirect immunofluorescenc ... | 1991 | 1719690 |
| giant parapox infection in a two year old child. | we report the case of a two year old boy who developed a large tumour on his face. the lesion resembled a pyogenic granuloma clinically and histologically. viral studies indicated a parapox infection and a bovine source was supported on epidemiological grounds. the lesion was removed by shave excision and the area healed without significant scarring. | 1989 | 2562071 |
| bullous eruption complicating a milker's nodule. | | 1988 | 2834299 |
| analysis of parapoxvirus genomes. | eight stomatitis papulosa (sp), four orf and two milker's nodes (mn) virus isolates were compared by restriction enzyme analysis. considerable genetic heterogeneity was found not only between isolates belonging to the three different taxonomic groups but also between members of the same group. this heterogeneity precludes classification of parapoxviruses simply by comparison of their dna cleavage patterns. restriction maps were therefore prepared for 12 parapoxvirus dnas. fragments from defined ... | 1985 | 2982348 |
| clustered cases of paravaccinia in milkers. | clustered cases of a disease in men and cows firstly diagnosed as cowpox has been described. clinical manifestation, epidemiology and laboratory diagnostics are presented. virological and serological investigations of the specimens taken from sick persons and animals proved paravaccinia virus (genus parapoxvirus) to be etiological agent of the illness. cowpox virus (genus orthopoxvirus) greatly differs from the latter by phenotypical markers. the disease in humans is called milkers' modules, in ... | 1986 | 3027164 |
| biochemical and electron microscopic studies of the replication and composition of milker's node virus. | replication of milker's node virus (mnv) dna begins 4 to 8 h postinfection, continues to 30 to 36 h postinfection in the cytoplasm of infected, primary bovine embryonic kidney cells, and is accompanied by an inhibition of host nuclear dna synthesis. between 20 and 24 h postinfection, newly replicated genomes are incorporated into particles which cosediment with purified mnv. these biochemical measurements could be correlated with the development of mn virions as revealed by electron microscopic ... | 1980 | 6246256 |
| cutaneous form of bovine papular stomatitis in man. | a cutaneous form of bovine papular stomatitis (bps) infection was diagnosed in eight persons at the school of veterinary medicine at auburn university, auburn, ala. the initial outbreak occurred in five persons who were involved in the care of a bull that required manual placement of an oral feeding tube. confirmation of diagnosis was based on clinical findings, cytopathological effects in tissue culture, and isolation of typical paravaccinia virus particles in tissue culture. transmission studi ... | 1981 | 6273605 |
| the syndrome of milker's nodules in burn injury: evidence for indirect viral transmission. | four patients with first- to second-degree burns developed multiple unusual nodular lesions confined to the burned areas 2 to 3 weeks after the accident. electron microscopy disclosed viral particles within epidermal cells. these were identified as subgroup ii poxvirus. viral culture established the diagnosis of paravaccinia (milker's nodule) infection. since none of the patients had had direct contact with infected animals, but had been in contact with contaminated objects, an indirect viral tr ... | 1982 | 6279706 |
| recognition of pseudocowpox in nigeria. | | 1982 | 6289500 |
| [interaction of the polyene antibiotic nystatin with bivalent copper ions]. | characteristic features of interaction of nystatin with bivalent copper salts in water, methanol and dimethylsulfoxide were studied. it was shown that stable compounds of copper and nystatin at ratios of 1 : 2 and 1 : 4 formed in the above solvents. the antibiotic in these compounds was in an inert, native or activated state. physicochemical and biological properties of the compounds were investigated. | 1983 | 6309076 |
| infectious skin diseases of cattle. | | 1984 | 6330955 |
| parapoxvirus of red deer: evidence for its inclusion as a new member in the genus parapoxvirus. | there are three accepted members of the parapoxvirus genus, orf virus (ov), papular stomatitis virus (psv), and pseudocowpox virus (pcv). ov is maintained in sheep and goats and psv and pcv in cattle. restriction endonuclease profiles of the dna derived from representatives of these established members of the genus were compared with profiles from a parapoxvirus recently isolated from red deer. in no case did the profile of this latter virus (dpv) resemble those generated from the other parapoxv ... | 1995 | 7747456 |
| molecular genetic analyses of parapoxviruses pathogenic for humans. | the current members of the genus parapoxvirus are orf virus (orfv), bovine papular stomatitis virus (bpsv), pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) and parapoxvirus of red deer in new zealand (pvnz). bpsv and pcpv are maintained in cattle while orfv is maintained in sheep and goats, but all three are zoonoses. only the recently reported pvnz has yet to be recorded as infecting humans. tentative members of the genus are camel contagious ecthyma virus, chamois contagious ecthyma virus and sealpoxvirus. the separ ... | 1997 | 9413523 |
| detection and diagnosis of parapoxvirus by the polymerase chain reaction. | the genus parapoxvirus includes four members, bovine papular stomatitis virus (bpsv), pseudocowpox virus (pcpv), orf virus (orfv) and parapoxvirus of red deer in new zealand (pvnz). a set of primers for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was designed to detect viral dna from cells infected with each of the four parapoxviruses. the set of primers resulted in the amplification of appropriately sized products from cells infected with bpsv, pcpv, orfv and pvnz, respectively. the pcr method was applied ... | 2000 | 10680970 |
| characterization of sealpox virus, a separate member of the parapoxviruses. | a disease outbreak characterized by lesions of the skin and mucosa of the oral cavity was recognized in harbor seals ( phoca vitulina) from the german north sea. using electron microscopy typical parapoxvirus particles were observed. the presence of parapoxvirus was confirmed by pcr and nucleotide sequencing of part of the putative major envelope protein coding gene. comparative sequence analysis revealed that the virus from seal is significantly different from the established parapoxvirus speci ... | 2002 | 12111424 |
| susceptibility of bovine umbilical cord endothelial cells to bovine herpesviruses and pseudocowpox virus. | the purpose of the study was to determine the susceptibility of bovine umbilical cord endothelial (bue) cells to bovine herpesvirus (bhv) 1, bhv2, bhv4 and bhv5, and to pseudocowpox virus. the detection limits and growth curves of these viruses in bue cells were compared with those in vero, madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk). or bovine fetal diploid lung (bfdl) cells. detection limits were determined by inoculating cell cultures with serial 10-fold dilutions of these viruses, and growth curves by ... | 2002 | 12212730 |
| pseudocowpox virus encodes a homolog of vascular endothelial growth factor. | we have identified a gene encoding a homolog of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) in the pseudocowpox virus (pcpv) genome. the predicted protein shows 27% amino acid identity to human vegf-a. it also shows 41 and 61% amino acid identity to vegfs encoded by orf virus (orfv) strains nz2 and nz7, respectively. assays of the expressed vegf-like protein of pcpv (pcpv(vr634)vegf) demonstrated that pcpv(vr634)vegf is mitogenic for endothelial cells and is capable of inducing vascular permeabili ... | 2003 | 12573575 |
| characterization of a north american orf virus isolated from a goat with persistent, proliferative dermatitis. | the characterization of an orf virus (ov) isolated from skin lesions of a goat kid with severe, persistent, proliferative dermatitis, and designated orf virus-san angelo 2000 (ov-sa00) strain, is described. the identity of ov-sa00 was confirmed by a combination of methods, including electron microscopy, amplification of specific fragments of viral dna by polymerase chain reaction, restriction enzyme analysis of viral dna and gene sequencing. restriction endonuclease analyses of viral dna and the ... | 2003 | 12782365 |
| aspects of the morphologic development of pseudocowpox virus. | | 1964 | 14157505 |
| genetic characterization of orf viruses isolated from various ruminant species of a zoo. | in the present study, an outbreak of proliferative dermatitis in musk ox (ovibos moschatus), sichuan takin (budorcas taxicolor tibetana) and domestic shetland sheep (ovis aries) in a zoo is described. skin lesions consisted of severe, persistent, multifocal, proliferative dermatitis in musk ox, and mild, transient, focal, dermatitis in the sichuan takin and shetland sheep. parapoxviruses were isolated from skin lesions, and characterized by restriction enzyme analysis and partial gene sequencing ... | 2004 | 15019099 |
| recent isolates of parapoxvirus of finnish reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) are closely related to bovine pseudocowpox virus. | cases of papular stomatitis in finnish reindeer have been reported for many years. the causative agent was thought to be orf virus (orfv), one of the parapoxviridae, although this assumption was based mainly on clinical symptoms, pathology and electron microscopy. here sequence analyses of the viral dna isolated from a recent outbreak of disease in 1999-2000 are presented in comparison to that isolated from earlier outbreaks in 1992-1994. the results show that the virus isolated from the 1999-20 ... | 2004 | 15166423 |
| adventitious viruses and smallpox vaccine. | | 2005 | 16422003 |
| real-time pcr detection of parapoxvirus dna. | detection of parapoxviruses is important in various animals as well as in humans as zoonotic infections. reliable detection of parapoxviruses is fundamental for the exclusion of other rash-causing illnesses, for both veterinarians and medical practitioners. to date, however, no real-time pcr assay for the detection of parapoxviruses has been reported. | 2006 | 16449215 |
| pathology and preliminary characterization of a parapoxvirus isolated from a california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | cutaneous pox-like lesions are a common complication in the rehabilitation of pinnipeds. however, the exact identity, taxonomy, and host range of pinniped parapoxviruses remain unknown. during a poxvirus outbreak in may 2003 in california sea lions (zalophus californianus) at a marine mammal rehabilitation facility, multiple raised, firm, 1-3-cm skin nodules from the head, neck, and thorax of one sea lion weanling pup that spontaneously died were collected. histologically, the nodules were chara ... | 2006 | 16699145 |
| pseudocowpox virus: the etiological agent of contagious ecthyma (auzdyk) in camels (camelus dromedarius) in the arabian peninsula. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of dna extracted from pustules, saliva, and blood of camels presenting with contagious ecthyma, in bahrain and also from a sample (sacamel) of infected tissue from a camel that had presented with contagious ecthyma in 1998 in saudi arabia (1). sequence homologies and phylogenetic analysis showed that this extracted dna was more closely related to pseudocowpox virus (pcpv) than orf virus (orfv), which infects sheep, goats, and other animal species. the p ... | 2007 | 17627446 |
| development of methodology based on commercialized sers-active substrates for rapid discrimination of poxviridae virions. | surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers) can be made an attractive approach for identification of raman-active compounds and biological materials (i.e., toxins, viruses, or intact bacterial cells/spores) through development of reproducible, spatially uniform sers-active substrates. recently, reproducible (from substrate-to-substrate), spatially homogeneous (over large areas) sers-active substrates have been commercialized and are now available in the marketplace. we have utilized these pattern ... | 2008 | 18303918 |
| microarray-based detection of viruses causing vesicular or vesicular-like lesions in livestock animals. | definitive diagnosis of vesicular or vesicular-like lesions in livestock animals presents challenges both for veterinary clinicians and diagnostic laboratories. it is often impossible to diagnose the causative disease agent on a clinical basis alone and difficult to collect ample vesicular epithelium samples. due to restrictions of time and sample size, once laboratory tests have ruled out foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and swine vesicular disease a definitive diagnosis may remain ... | 2009 | 18621489 |
| [screening of hiv-1 replication inhibitors by using pseudotyped virus system]. | this study is to establish a cell-based pharmacological model targeting hiv-1 replication for compounds screening and to screen compounds randomly selected from compounds library by using this pseudotyped viral system. the cell-based hiv-1 replication pharmacological model was set up by hiv-1 core packed with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. the level of hiv-1 replication was presented by reporter genes expression (luciferase activity or percentage of gfp positive cells). when a compound ... | 2008 | 18630260 |
| conservation and variation of the parapoxvirus gm-csf-inhibitory factor (gif) proteins. | the gif protein of orf virus (orfv) binds and inhibits the ovine cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) and interleukin-2 (il-2). an equivalent protein has so far not been found in any of the other poxvirus genera and we therefore investigated whether it was conserved in the parapoxviruses. the corresponding genes from both the bovine-specific pseudocowpox virus (pcpv) and bovine papular stomatitis virus (bpsv) were cloned and sequenced. the predicted amino acid sequ ... | 2009 | 19264672 |
| the genome of pseudocowpoxvirus: comparison of a reindeer isolate and a reference strain. | parapoxviruses (ppv), of the family poxviridae, cause a pustular cutaneous disease in sheep and goats (orf virus, orfv) and cattle (pseudocowpoxvirus, pcpv and bovine papular stomatitis virus, bpsv). here, we present the first genomic sequence of a reference strain of pcpv (vr634) along with the genomic sequence of a ppv (f00.120r) isolated in finland from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). the f00.120r and vr634 genomes are 135 and 145 kb in length and contain 131 and 134 putative genes, re ... | 2010 | 20107016 |
| diagnosis of bovine-associated parapoxvirus infections in humans: molecular and epidemiological evidence. | orf virus, pseudocowpox virus and bovine papular stomatitis virus, are parapoxviruses, associated with domestic ruminants, which are capable of causing cutaneous infections in humans. owing to virtually identical appearances in humans, clinical differentiation of these viruses is difficult. we discuss three recent occurrences of parapoxvirus infection, involving contact with domestic bovine and use a combination of molecular and epidemiological data in the diagnosis. these cases underscore the u ... | 2010 | 20163577 |
| human vaccinia virus and pseudocowpox virus co-infection: clinical description and phylogenetic characterization. | occupational exanthematic diseases represent an important cause of public health impact and economical losses. among the viral exanthematic diseases, two caused by poxviruses are noteworthy: the bovine vaccinia (bv), caused by the vaccinia virus (vacv); and the milker's nodule, in which the agent is the pseudocowpox virus (pcpv). both agents are zoonotic and have been associated with several cases of bovine infection. in brazilian rural areas bv has been highly prevalent, particularly in milk he ... | 2010 | 20207192 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the envelope gene of pseudocowpox virus isolates from indian dromedaries (camelus dromedarius). | | 2010 | 20711741 |
| sequence analysis of topoisomerase gene of pseudocowpoxvirus isolates from camels (camelus dromedarius). | topoisomerase gene of pseudocowposvirus from indian dromedarian camel was amplified by pcr using the primers of pcpv from finnish reindeer and cloned into pgem-t for sequence analysis. analysis of amino acid identity revealed that indian pcpv of camel shared 95.9-96.8 with pcpv of reindeer, 96.2-96.5 with orfv and 87.5 with bpsv. | 2011 | 21501639 |
| analysis of deletion within the reindeer pseudocowpoxvirus genome. | cases of contagious pustular stomatitis have been reported in finnish reindeer for many years. two species of the genus parapoxvirus of the family poxviridae have been identified as the causative agent of the disease; orf virus (orfv) was found during the 1992-1993 epidemic and pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) was connected to the 1999-2000 epidemic. the genome of reindeer parapoxvirus from the latter outbreak, isolate f00.120r, was recently sequenced and confirmed as pcpv. the six gene deletion of the ... | 2011 | 21798294 |
| an investigation of a cluster of parapoxvirus cases in missouri, feb-may 2006: epidemiologic, clinical and molecular aspects. | in the spring of 2006, four human cases of parapoxvirus infections in missouri residents were reported to the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), two of which were initially diagnosed as cutaneous anthrax. this investigation was conducted to determine the level of recognition of zoonotic parapoxvirus infections and prevention measures, the degree to which veterinarians may be consulted on human infections and what forces were behind this perceived increase in reported infections. i ... | 2013 | 26487314 |
| detection of multiple viral infections in cattle and buffalo with suspected vesicular disease in brazil. | vesicular diseases are of high importance for livestock, primarily because of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), which is a high-morbidity disease that generates direct losses caused by low milk production, weight loss, and indirect losses because of the need for sanitary barriers. other vesicular diseases are also of importance for livestock because of direct impacts or because their clinical signs may be confused with those of fmd. we report herein the detection of multiple infections in cattle wit ... | 2016 | 27154321 |
| a multiplex pcr for viruses associated with exanthematic and vesicular disease in cattle. | exanthematic and papulo-vesicular lesions in the udder and teats of milking cows are fairly common in some brazilian dairies, especially those with poor sanitary conditions and hand milking. the orthopoxvirus vaccinia virus (vacv) and the parapoxviruses pseudocowpox virus (pcpv) and bovine popular stomatitis virus (bpsv) have been frequently associated with such conditions. elsewhere, bovine herpesvirus 2 (bohv-2) has also been associated with similar clinical signs. thus, we herein describe a c ... | 2017 | 27793645 |
| a novel hrm assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of eight poxviruses of medical and veterinary importance. | poxviruses belonging to the orthopoxvirus, capripoxvirus and parapoxvirus genera share common host species and create a challenge for diagnosis. here, we developed a novel multiplex pcr method for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of eight poxviruses, belonging to three genera: cowpox virus (cpxv) and camelpox virus (cmlv) [genus orthopoxvirus]; goatpox virus (gtpv), sheeppox virus (sppv) and lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv) [genus capripoxvirus]; orf virus (orfv), pseudocowpox virus ... | 2017 | 28216667 |
| detection of pseudocowpox virus in water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) with vesicular disease in the state of são paulo, brazil, in 2016. | parapoxviruses are zoonotic viruses that infect cattle, goats and sheep; there have also been reports of infections in camels, domestic cats and seals. | 2017 | 27774853 |
| comparative sequence analysis of double stranded rna binding protein encoding gene of parapoxviruses from indian camels. | the dsrna binding protein (rbp) encoding gene of parapoxviruses (ppvs) from the dromedary camels, inhabitating different geographical region of rajasthan, india were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using the primers of pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) from finnish reindeer and cloned into pgem-t for sequence analysis. analysis of rbp encoding gene revealed that ppv dna from bikaner shared 98.3% and 76.6% sequence identity at the amino acid level, with pali and udaipur ppv dna, respectively. refer ... | 2014 | 25685494 |
| zoonotic parapoxviruses detected in symptomatic cattle in bangladesh. | application of molecular diagnostic methods to the determination of etiology in suspected poxvirus-associated infections of bovines is important both for the diagnosis of the individual case and to form a more complete understanding of patterns of strain occurrence and spread. the objective of this study was to identify and characterize bovine-associated zoonotic poxviruses in bangladesh which are relevant to animal and human health. | 2014 | 25410770 |
| comparative and retrospective molecular analysis of parapoxvirus (ppv) isolates. | species members of the genus parapoxvirus (ppv) within the family poxviridae cause contagious pustular dermatitis in small ruminants (orf virus, orfv) and mostly mild localized inflammation in cattle (bovine papular stomatitis virus, bpsv and pseudocowpox virus, pcpv). all ppvs are known to be zoonotic, leading to circumscribed skin lesions in humans, historically known as milker's nodules. human ppv isolates are often ill defined concerning their allocation to an animal origin. here we present ... | 2014 | 24373950 |
| specific qpcr assays for the detection of orf virus, pseudocowpox virus and bovine papular stomatitis virus. | the genus parapoxvirus (papv) is comprised traditionally of orf virus (orfv), pseudocowpox virus (pcpv) and bovine papular stomatitis virus (bpsv), which cause infections of ruminants and their handlers in the u.s. and worldwide. unlike orthopoxvirus infections, which can cause systemic or localized infections, papv infections present normally as benign, self-limited and localized skin lesions; infections do not confer lifelong immunity. in recent years, related potentially to enhanced awareness ... | 2013 | 24035807 |
| molecular analysis of parapoxvirus detected in eight calves in japan. | molecular analysis of parapoxvirus envelope genes was performed. parapoxvirus dna was detected in eight calves from eight farms in iwate prefecture, japan, between april and september 2010. seven of the detected viruses were identified as bovine papular stomatitis virus (bpsv) by sequencing, because their nucleotide identity was more than 96.8% similar compared with bpsv strain v660. among them, two formed a subgroup, because their amplicons were digested with xmn i (a marker for bpsv) and hinc ... | 2013 | 23748974 |
| coinfection by vaccinia virus and an orf virus-like parapoxvirus in an outbreak of vesicular disease in dairy cows in midwestern brazil. | the current report describes an outbreak of vesicular disease affecting dairy cows in midwestern brazil in which a coinfection with 2 poxviruses-vaccinia virus (vacv) and a parapoxvirus-was demonstrated. milking cows presented vesicles, painful reddish or whitish papules, and scabby proliferative lesions in the teats and udder, in a clinical course of approximately 10-21 days. histologically, multifocal areas of moderate to severe acanthosis, spongiosis, hypergranulosis, and parakeratotic or ort ... | 2013 | 23404478 |
| surveillance of parapoxvirus among ruminants in virginia and connecticut. | in 2008, two deer hunters in virginia and connecticut were infected with a unique strain of pseudocowpox virus, a parapoxvirus. to estimate the prevalence of this virus, and in an attempt to define the reservoir, parapoxvirus surveillance was undertaken between november 2009 and january 2010. 125 samples from four ruminant species (cows, goat, sheep and white-tailed deer) were collected in virginia, and nine samples from white-tailed deer were collected in connecticut. we found no evidence that ... | 2013 | 23398718 |
| an outbreak of pseudocowpox in fattening calves in southern brazil. | pseudocowpox virus is a parapoxvirus frequently associated with papulovesicular and scabby lesions on the teats and udders of milking cows and is often transmitted to human beings. an unusual outbreak of skin disease in fattening calves in southern brazil is described. fourteen of 17 male cattle (82%), aged 6-48 months, feeding on grass pastures were affected. animals developed papules, vesicles, and scabby proliferative lesions on the muzzle in a clinical course of approximately 10-15 days. the ... | 2012 | 22362537 |
| bovine papular stomatitis affecting dairy cows and milkers in midwestern brazil. | bovine papular stomatitis virus (bpsv) is a parapoxvirus associated with papular and erosive lesions on the muzzle, lips, and oral mucosa of cattle. teats of milking cows are occasionally affected, and the infection is frequently transmitted to human beings. the present report describes an outbreak of bpsv infection affecting cows in midwestern brazil, with human involvement. the disease was observed in neighboring small hand-milking farms, affecting 20 milking cows. the signs included painful r ... | 2012 | 22362531 |
| occurrence of pseudocowpox virus associated to bovine viral diarrhea virus-1, brazilian amazon. | in 2011, an outbreak of severe vesicular disease occurred in the state of pará, amazon region. besides proliferative or verrucous lesions, cattle showed atypical clinical signs such as diarrhea and leading to death. the animals were submitted to clinical, pathological and molecular diagnosis, and laboratory tests have confirmed the presence of pseudocowpox virus (pcpv), a parapoxvirus genus member, and have also found bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), probably causing persistent infection. ... | 2016 | 27865267 |
| phylogenetic analysis of eight sudanese camel contagious ecthyma viruses based on b2l gene sequence. | camel contagious ecthyma (cce) is an important viral disease of camelids caused by a poxvirus of the genus parapoxvirus (ppv) of the family poxviridae. the disease has been reported in west and east of the sudan causing economical losses. however, the ppvs that cause the disease in camels of the sudan have not yet subjected to genetic characterization. at present, the ppv that cause cce cannot be properly classified because only few isolates that have been genetically analyzed. | 2015 | 26260127 |
| comparison of virokine from camel pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) with interleukin 10 of the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | cellular interleukin-10 (il-10) gene from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the healthy dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) and viral il-10 (vil-10) from the skin scabs of the dromedary camels infected with contagious ecthyma (a parapoxviral infection in the camels) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned and characterized. sequence analysis revealed that the open reading frame (orf) of dromedarian camel il-10 is 537 bp in length, encoding 178 amino acid polypeptide while o ... | 2013 | 23306428 |
| detection and molecular characterization of zoonotic poxviruses circulating in the amazon region of colombia, 2014. | during 2014, cutaneous lesions were reported in dairy cattle and farmworkers in the amazon region of western colombia. samples from 6 patients were analyzed by serologic and pcr testing, and results demonstrated the presence of vaccinia virus and pseudocowpox virus. these findings highlight the need for increased poxvirus surveillance in colombia. | 2017 | 28322708 |
| characterization of gm-csf-inhibitory factor and uracil dna glycosylase encoding genes from camel pseudocowpoxvirus. | the present study describes the pcr amplification of gm-csf-inhibitory factor (gif) and uracil dna glycosylase (udg) encoding genes of pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) from the indian dromedaries (camelus dromedarius) infected with contagious ecthyma using the primers based on the corresponding gene sequences of human pcpv and reindeer pcpv, respectively. the length of gif gene of pcpv obtained from camel is 795 bp and due to the addition of one cytosine residue at position 374 and one adenine residue a ... | 2015 | 25816930 |
| evidence of zoonotic pseudocowpox virus infection from a cattle in turkey. | pseudocowpox virus (pcpv) infects cattle throughout the world and has zoonotic potential. however, it is not known to infect cattle in turkey. in august 2013, we observed ulcerative nodular swelling and pustules on udder and teats of a cow in a small village nearly lake of bafa, milas, mugla locate in southwestern part of turkey. interestingly, the similar lesions were also observed on skin of milkier women's hand at the same time. a pcpv strain was characterized based on the major envelop gene ... | 2014 | 25674608 |
| phylogenetic analysis and positive-selection site detecting of vascular endothelial growth factor family in vertebrates. | vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), known to play an important role in vascular homeostasis, vascular integrity and angiogenesis, is little known about the evolutionary relationship of its five members especially the role of gene duplication and natural selection in the evolution of the vegf family. in this study, seventy-five full-length cdna sequences from 33 vertebrate species were extracted from the ncbi's genbank, uniprot protein database and the ensembl database. by phylogenetic ana ... | 2014 | 24200960 |
| persistent pseudocowpox virus infection of the skin of a foot in a cat. | | 2013 | 23444961 |
| spread of poxviruses in livestock in brazil associated with cases of double and triple infection. | the objective of this work is to describe the distribution of outbreaks of vaccinia virus (vacv), pseudocowpox virus (pcpv), and bovine papular stomatitis virus (bspv) in brazil. the official laboratory of the brazilian ministry of agriculture received 89 samples from different locations in brazil in 2015 and 2016 for diagnosis of vesicular and exanthematous disease. poxvirus coinfections occurred in 11 out of 33 outbreaks, including the first reported triple infection by bpsv, pcpv, and vacv. t ... | 2017 | 28516287 |
| short communication: parapoxvirus and orthopoxvirus coinfection in milk of naturally infected cows. | several studies have shown the occurrence of poxvirus infections associated with exanthematic lesions in cattle from many brazilian states. coinfection between viruses belonging to 2 genera, orthopoxvirus (opxv) and parapoxvirus (ppv), was already identified from the lesions of affected cows and humans. the dna and infectious viral particles of vaccinia virus, an opxv, have been detected in milk of naturally and experimentally infected cows. however, to date no reports have described the detecti ... | 2018 | 30007812 |
| field investigation and phylogenetic characterization of orf virus (orfv) circulating in small ruminants and pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) in dromedary camels of eastern sudan. | in this study, livestock herders in eastern sudan were interviewed through structured questionnaire involved 14046 animals in 151 herds (87 camel herds, 51 sheep and 13 goats) from june to september of 2016 in showak area of gadarif state to get some epidemiological information on contagious ecthyma (ce) infection. 102 suspected cases of ce were investigated (38 sheep, 22 goats and 42 camels) by a second questionnaire focusing on age and sex of affected animals beside number and localization of ... | 2020 | 32258461 |
| pseudocowpox virus infection in an american bison (bison bison). | the present report describes a case of pseudocowpox virus (pcpv) infection in a seven-year-old female bison euthanized due to a history of declining condition and sores on the vulva and udder. | 2020 | 32660468 |
| putative parapoxvirus-associated foot disease in the endangered huemul deer (hippocamelus bisulcus) in bernardo o'higgins national park, chile. | the huemul (hippocamelus bisulcus) is an endangered cervid endemic to southern argentina and chile. here we report foot lesions in 24 huemul from bernardo o'higgins national park, chile, between 2005 and 2010. affected deer displayed variably severe clinical signs, including lameness and soft tissue swelling of the limbs proximal to the hoof or in the interdigital space, ulceration of the swollen tissues, and some developed severe proliferative tissue changes that caused various types of abnorma ... | 2019 | 30995215 |