| the anticarsia gemmatalis nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin gene region: sequence analysis, gene product and structural comparisons. | the genomic region of the anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (agmnpv) strain 2d encoding the polyhedrin gene was cloned and mapped, and a 2085 bp sphi-psti fragment containing the gene was sequenced. the polyhedrin polypeptide of the parental isolate agmnpv was manually sequenced, and the amino acid sequence obtained agreed with that deduced from the dna coding region sequence. agmnpv and orgyia pseudotsugata mnpv (opmnpv) are similar in terms of promoter stru ... | 1992 | 1588315 |
| hemagglutinin activity in the hemolymph of anticarsia gemmatalis larvae infected with the fungus nomuraea rileyi. | hemolymph samples from larvae of 3 lepidopteran species (anticarsia gemmatalis, trichoplusia ni and spodoptera frugiperda) were tested for hemagglutination activity. samples from a. gemmatalis larvae which had been injected 12-24 hrs previously with hyphal bodies of the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi showed agglutination activity against human 0, rabbit and sheep erythrocytes. little or no activity was detected in samples from the other 2 larval species. low titers (approximately 1:2) w ... | 1985 | 3996705 |
| isozyme differentiation among three pathotypes of the entomogenous fungus nomuraea rileyi. | the zymogram technique has been applied to three pathotypes of the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi. isozyme profiles of isolates from heliothis zea, pseudoplusia includens, and anticarsia gemmatalis were compared for 17 enzymes of known metabolic function. electrophoretic data supported the taxonomic differences inferred for the three pathotypes based on host specificity. the isolate from a. gemmatalis was found consistently to be the most distinct. this study demonstrates that isozyme a ... | 1981 | 7195298 |
| anticarsia gemmatalis nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in serum-free and serum-reduced insect cell cultures. | in order to develop a financially feasible process to produce anticarsia gemmatalis nuclear polyhedrosis virus in cell culture, we developed a lipidic supplement to replace fetal calf serum in insect cell culture media. the supplement, prepared with an extract of lipids from hen egg yolk, allowed us to reduce the contents of serum in the culture medium from 10% to 1%. iplb-sf-21 cells could be kept along consecutive passages in serum-reduced medium. the replication of agnpv in heyle-supplemented ... | 1993 | 7764195 |
| comparative studies of iridoviruses: further support for a new classification. | changes in the classification of invertebrate iridoviruses (ivs) (iridoviridae) have recently been proposed (williams and cory, 1994). the previous system of naming isolates according to the host and sequence of discovery (iv type 1, iv2, iv3, etc.) is not adequate for the purposes of taxonomy, since iridovirus isolates may infect many species, including hosts from diverse invertebrate orders. the new system of invertebrate iridovirus nomenclature, as with several other virus families, is based ... | 1994 | 7975884 |
| a variable region of anticarsia gemmatalis nuclear polyhedrosis virus contains tandemly repeated dna sequences. | a variable region (psti-t fragment) of two genotypic variants of the anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (agmnpv) was sequenced and compared. this region, which is known to have deletions and duplications in agmnpv variants, was shown to be formed of units of a 127 bp tandemly repeated sequence containing two 30 bp imperfect palindromes. southern blot experiments showed that the psti-t fragment contained one of the four homologous regions mapped interspersed in ... | 1996 | 8738171 |
| genetic transformation, recovery, and characterization of fertile soybean transgenic for a synthetic bacillus thuringiensis cryiac gene. | somatic embryos of jack, a glycine max (l.) merrill cultivar, were transformed using microprojectile bombardment with a synthetic bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein gene (bt cryiac) driven by the 35s promoter and linked to the hph gene. approximately 10 g of tissue was bombarded, and three transgenic lines were selected on hygromycin-containing media and converted into plants. the recovered lines contained the hph gene, but the bt gene was lost in one line. the plasmid was rearr ... | 1996 | 8819322 |
| detection and identification of multiple baculoviruses using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction endonuclease analysis. | a technique using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction analysis was developed for the simultaneous detection of eight baculoviruses. the baculoviruses detected by this technique were autographa californica multiple-embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (mnpv). anticarsia gemmatalis mnpv, bombyx mori mnpv, orgyia pseudotsugata mnpv. spodoptera frugiperda mnpv, s. exigua mnpv, anagrapha falcifera mnpv, heliothis zea single-embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (snpv). a highly conserved ... | 1997 | 9015292 |
| replication of anticarsia gemmatalis nuclear polyhedrosis virus in four lepidopteran cell lines. | anticarsia gemmatalis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (agnpv; family baculoviridae) is pathogenic for larvae of the velvetbean caterpillar, anticarsia gemmatalis hübner-an important pest of soybean. agnpv is a viable alternative to chemical control of a. gemmatalis in brazil, where its use as a pesticide has brought significant economic and environmental benefits. although a significant amount of information is available on the ecological and biological control aspects of agnpv, very little is known ... | 1997 | 9028926 |
| in vitro and in vivo host range of anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | a clone of the wild type (wt) anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus agmnpv, derived from a geographical isolate (hondrina, brazil) and designated agmnpv-cl4-3a1, was used to determine the host range of this virus in six established lepidopteran cell lines: anticarsia gemmatalis (bcirl-ag-am1), helicoverpa zea (bcirl-hz-am1), heliothis virescens (bcirl-hv-am1), helicoverpa armigera (bcirl-ha-am1), trichoplusia ni (tn-cl1), bombyx mori (bmn), and a coleopteran cell line anthono ... | 1998 | 9542640 |
| structural and ultrastructural changes during the infection of ufl-ag-286 cells with the baculovirus agmnpv | during infection of the permissive insect cell line ufl-ag-286 by the baculovirus anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv-2d) several morphological changes occur. by 12 h postinfection (h p.i.), the infected cells became round and exhibited a decrease in the number of cytoplasmic projections. by 24 h p.i., it was possible to detect a virogenic stroma inside the cell nucleus, and after 48 h p.i., polyhedral inclusion bodies were observed. some of these morphological modifications are p ... | 1998 | 9784346 |
| methods for detection of anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus dna in soil. | two methods, phenol-ether and magnetic capture-hybridization (mch), were developed and compared with regard to their sensitivities and abilities to extract the dna of the insect baculovirus anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) from soil and to produce dna amplifiable by pcr. laboratory experiments were performed with 0. 25 g of autoclaved soil inoculated with different viral concentrations to optimize both methods of baculovirus dna extraction and to determine their sensitivities. ... | 1999 | 10347006 |
| host-specific transcription of nucleopolyhedrovirus gene homologues in productive and abortive anticarsia gemmatalis mnpv infections. | in a previous report, we showed that anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) infections of choristoneura fumiferana ipri-cf-124t and bombyx mori bm-5 cell lines are abortive, whereas a. gemmatalis ufl-ag-286 cells efficiently produce infectious virus and polyhedral inclusion bodies (pibs). in the present study, we explored transcription patterns in these infections using representative temporal classes of autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv) genes. northern analyses were carried out ... | 1999 | 10446647 |
| molecular characterization of genes in the gp41 region of baculoviruses and phylogenetic analysis based upon gp41 and polyhedrin genes. | a newly sequenced anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) gp41 gene was used to reconstruct the phylogeny for gp41 by comparison with autographa californica mnpv, bombyx mori mnpv, helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (snpv), lymantria dispar mnpv, orgyia pseudotsugata mnpv and spodoptera frugiperda mnpv. the 3.5 kb fragment of the agmnpv gp41 region not only contained the gp41 gene but also three other open reading frames that had significant homology with the very l ... | 1999 | 10518714 |
| characterization of a nucleopolyhedrovirus from the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (lepidoptera: noctuidae) | the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (hufnagel) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a serious localized pest of vegetable and field crops. we have characterized a newly discovered baculovirus, the agrotis ipsilon multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (agipmnpv), that was isolated from a. ipsilon in illinois. restriction enzyme fragment profiles of agipmnpv dna were distinct from those of previously described nucleopolyhedroviruses. electron microscopy of agipmnpv-infected tissues indicated that nucleocapsids ... | 1999 | 10534417 |
| physical maps and virulence of anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus genomic variants. | seventeen plaque purified isolates of two viral preparations of anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv), were analyzed in terms of the genomic changes after digestion of their dnas with hindiii and psti restriction enzymes. the 1979 agmnpv wild type preparation (agmnpv-'79) resulted in six different variants and the 1985 viral commercial preparation (agmnpv-'85), in eleven. the genomic variation of all the isolates was mapped showing that those from 1985 presented more heter ... | 1999 | 10550671 |
| expression of the green fluorescent protein carried by autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in insect cell lines. | a recombinant acmnpv containing the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene under the polyhedrin promoter (polh) was used to investigate the expression of the gfp gene as well as the production of recombinant extracellular virus in 14 continuous insect cell lines, including heliothis virescens (bcirl-hv-am1), helicoverpa zea (bcirl-hz-am1), anticarsia gemmatalis (bcirl-ag-am1), trichoplusia ni (tn-cl1), spodoptera frugiperda (iplb-sf21), spodoptera exigua (bcirl/amcy-se-e1 and bcirl/amcy-se-e5), bo ... | 2000 | 10777062 |
| filamentous actin is required for lepidopteran nucleopolyhedrovirus progeny production. | autographa californica m nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) is the prototypical member of the nucleopolyhedrosis: genus of the baculoviridae:, a family of large, double-stranded dna viruses that are highly diverse. nucleocapsid morphogenesis of acmnpv and others in the nucleopolyhedrovirus: genus takes place within the nuclei of infected host cells. previously, we showed that filamentous actin (f-actin) is essential for this process to occur in acmnpv-infected cells, an unprecedented finding for a dn ... | 2000 | 10859396 |
| field evaluation of soybean engineered with a synthetic cry1ac transgene for resistance to corn earworm, soybean looper, velvetbean caterpillar (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and lesser cornstalk borer (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | a transgenic line of the soybean 'jack', glycine max (l.) merrill, expressing a synthetic cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki (jack-bt), was evaluated for resistance to four lepidopteran pests in the field. jack-bt and genotypes serving as susceptible and resistant controls were planted in field cages and artificially infested with larvae of corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), and velvetbean caterpillar, anticarsia gemmatalis (hübner), in 1996, 1997, and 1998, and also w ... | 2000 | 10902306 |
| biolistic co-transformation of metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum strain cg423 with green fluorescent protein and resistance to glufosinate ammonium. | metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (syn. m. flavoviride) is recognized as a highly specific and virulent mycopathogen of locusts and grasshoppers and is currently being developed as a biological control agent for this group of insects in brazil. intact conidia of m. anisopliae var. acridum strain cg423 were transformed using microparticle bombardment. plasmids used were: (1) pbarks1 carrying the bar gene of streptomyces hygroscopicus fused to the aspergillus nidulans trpc promoter, encoding res ... | 2000 | 11024271 |
| characterization of the ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase (egt) gene of anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the anticarsia gemmatalis nucelopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) egt gene was cloned, sequenced and its expression characterized by rt-pcr and western blot analysis. sequence analysis of the gene indicated the presence of an open reading frame (orf) of 1482 nucleotides, which codes for a polypeptide of 494 amino acids. atata box and a conserved regulatory sequence (catt) found in other baculovirus early genes were present in the promoter region of the egt gene. a poly-a consensus sequence was present in ... | 2001 | 11210933 |
| heteroflocculation of amidine polystyrene latex and anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus as a model system for studying sunlight protection. | anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) is a baculovirus specific for the control of an important soybean defoliator. the baculovirus is comprised of double-stranded dna, occluded in a proteinaceous structure called a polyhedron. ultraviolet sunlight is the most destructive factor that affects the persistence of the virus in the field. in the present study, we use a model system wherein the pathogen is covered by another particle of opposite charge in order to test the effectiveness ... | 2000 | 11254268 |
| heteroflocculation of sulfate polystyrene latex and anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus as a model system for studying sunlight protection. | anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) is a baculovirus widely used as a pest control agent. data on field persistence of this microbial insecticide reveal that sunlight is the most destructive of the environmental factors. the introduction of a physical barrier to protect the baculovirus from sunlight has been proposed. in the present work we report on the coating of a baculovirus surface with a uniform layer of smaller particles. the coating was carried out at ph 3, a condition wh ... | 2001 | 11426996 |
| generation of a recombinant anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus expressing a foreign gene under the control of a very late promoter. | a recombinant anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) expressing beta-galactosidase under the control of the polyhedrin promoter was generated in our laboratory. to this end, we cloned the agmnpv-2d genomic dna fragment containing the polh gene and subcloned and sequenced the polyhedrin gene and its flanking regions. based on this sequence information, sets of primers were designed to amplify the flanking regions by pcr, including appropriate restriction sites. the transf ... | 2001 | 11450955 |
| establishment and characterization of insect cell lines from 10 lepidopteran species. | cell lines from selected lepidopteran species were established for the overall purpose of use in baculovirus production. a total of 36 new cell lines from 10 lepidopteran species were generated, including cell lines from a pyralid, the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, a plutellid, the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, as well as eight noctuids: the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon, the celery looper, anagrapha falcifera, the velvetbean caterpillar, anticarsia gemmatalis, the corn earw ... | 2001 | 11515970 |
| construction of a recombinant anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv-2d) harbouring the beta-galactosidase gene. | we have constructed a transfer vector (paggal) containing the beta-galactosidase gene under control of the escherichia coli gpt and agmnpv polyhedrin (polh) promoters. the transfer vector was cotransfected with wild type anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) dna into a. gemmatalis (ufl-ag-286) cells and a recombinant baculovirus (vaggala2) was isolated. the beta-galactosidase gene insertion was checked by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using dna from agmnpv and vaggala2 and primer ... | 2001 | 11556711 |
| production of viral progeny in insect cells undergoing apoptosis induced by a mutant anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) is the most successful viral biopesticide in use worldwide. we have demonstrated that despite widespread apoptosis and no protein synthesis at 48 h p.i., ufl-ag-286 cells infected with a mutant of agmnpv (vapag), produced significant amounts of budded virus (bvs) and viral dna late in infection. however, a different susceptible cell line (bti-tn5b 1-4) showed no signs of apoptosis and produced 3.5 times more budded virus when infected with ... | 2001 | 11770855 |
| phylogenetic relationships among strains of the entomopathogenic fungus, nomuraea rileyi, as revealed by partial beta-tubulin sequences and inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) analysis. | to elucidate the phyletic relationships among three members of the entomogenous fungal genus, nomuraea, with an emphasis on n. rileyi. | 2002 | 11967062 |
| biological activity of astilbin from dimorphandra mollis against anticarsia gemmatalis and spodoptera frugiperda. | astilbin was isolated in high yield from dimorphandra mollis, and its insecticidal and growth inhibiting activity by stomach ingestion were evaluated against anticarsia gemmatalis and spodoptera frugiperda. the insecticidal activity of astilbin, the weight reduction of the larval phase and the prolongation of the larval and pupal phases were verified for both species. astilbin was identified on the base of its nmr, ms and physical data. | 2002 | 11997979 |
| characterization of the p10 gene region of anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) p10 gene region was cloned, sequenced and the putative p10 gene expression characterized by northern-blot analysis. sequence analysis of the p10 gene region indicated the presence of two complete open reading frames (orfs) of 713 and 281 nucleotides, which codes for polypeptides of 273 and 93 amino acids, with homology to the p26 and p10 proteins of baculoviruses, respectively. two additional partial orfs, coding for partial polypeptides of ... | 2002 | 12086145 |
| molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus gp64 glycoprotein. | the gp64 locus of anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate santa fe (agmnpv-sf) was characterised molecularly in our laboratory. to this end, we have located and cloned a agmnpv-sf genomic dna fragment containing the gp64 gene and sequenced the complete gp64 locus. nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that the agmnpv gp64 gene consists of a 1500 nucleotide open reading frame (orf), encoding a protein of 499 amino acids. of the seven gp64 homologues identified to date, the ... | 2003 | 12680694 |
| influence of herbicide tolerant soybean production systems on insect pest populations and pest-induced crop damage. | conventional soybean weed management and transgenic herbicide-tolerant management were examined to assess their effects on soybean insect pest populations in south georgia in 1997 and 1998. soybean variety had very little impact on the insect species observed, except that maturity group effects were observed for stink bug, primarily nezara viridula (l.), population densities on some sampling dates. stink bugs were more abundant on the early maturing varieties in mid-season. velvetbean caterpilla ... | 2003 | 12852606 |
| characterization of larval haemocytes from the velvetbean caterpillar anticarsia gemmatalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | larval haemocytes of anticarsia gemmatalis (lepidoptera: noctuidae) are presented and classified based on morphological characteristics. haemolymph samples collected from 3rd to 6th instar larvae were observed using differential interference contrast microscopy as well as processed for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. five general types of haemocytes were observed: prohaemocytes (pr), plasmatocytes (pl), granular haemocytes (gh), oenocytoids (oe) and spherulocytes (sph). granular h ... | 2003 | 12974326 |
| the gp64 locus of anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus contains a 3' repair exonuclease homologue and lacks v-cath and chia genes. | anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) is one of the most successful biological insecticides. in this study, we cloned and sequenced a 12.5 kbp bamhi-d restriction endonuclease fragment of the agmnpv isolate 2d genome that includes the gp64 gene. we compared this highly conserved region with that of other baculoviruses. agmnpv contained two genes, p22.2 and v-trex, in common with choristoneura fumiferana mnpv (cfmnpv) that were not present in other baculoviruses. the v-t ... | 2004 | 14718636 |
| assessment of the application of baculoviruses for control of lepidoptera. | baculoviruses, among other insect viruses, are regarded as safe and selective bioinsecticides, restricted to invertebrates. they have been used worldwide against many insect pests, mainly lepidoptera. their application as microbial pesticides, however, has not met their potential to control pests in crops, forests, and pastures, with the exception of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the soybean caterpillar (anticarsia gemmatalis), which is used on approximately 1 million ha annually in brazil. ... | 1999 | 15012374 |
| morphological characterization of anticarsia gemmatalis m nucleopolyhedrovirus infection in haemocytes from its natural larval host, the velvet bean caterpillar anticarsia gemmatalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | for a better understanding of virus x host interactions, transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the intrahaemocoelic infection of anticarsia gemmatalis larval haemocytes by a. gemmatalis m nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv). at 12 h post-infection (h p.i.), we observed nuclear hypertrophy, budded virus assembling, and protrusion towards the cytoplasm, virion envelopment, and accumulation of fibrillar aggregates in the cytoplasm. around 24 h p.i., fibrillar aggregates also appeared ... | 2004 | 15140594 |
| anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus v-trex gene encodes a functional 3' to 5' exonuclease. | the viral three-prime repair exonuclease (v-trex) gene of the anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) is the first baculovirus gene to be described with significant homology to a 3' exonuclease. v-trex is an early gene that is expressed by agmnpv from 3 h post-infection. in the present study, the agmnpv v-trex orf was cloned into the baculovirus autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) under the control of a polyhedrin promoter. the resulting virus ... | 2004 | 15448348 |
| molecular characterization of brevibacillus laterosporus and its potential use in biological control. | thirty-three strains of brevibacillus laterosporus, including three novel strains isolated from brazilian soil samples, were examined for genetic variability by the use of different pcr-based methods. molecular markers that could characterize bacterial strains with regards to their pathogenic potential were investigated. in addition, toxicity was assessed by the use of insects belonging to the orders lepidoptera and coleoptera and the mollusk biomphalaria glabrata. among the targets tested, biom ... | 2004 | 15528531 |
| pathology of anticarsia gemmatalis larvae infected by two recombinant a. gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedroviruses. | light and stereomicroscopy examinations of anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv)-infected insects were performed in order to follow infection in its host, a. gemmatalis. fourth-instar a. gemmatalis larvae were infected by administration of occluded virus (polyhedra) from two recombinant agmnpv viruses (vagegtdelta-lacz or vaggala2) directly into the larvae foregut. the recombinant virus vagegtdelta-lacz has the beta-galactosidase gene (lac-z) of escherichia coli under t ... | 2004 | 15748993 |
| biological and molecular characterization of a multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus from thysanoplusia orichalcea (l.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | a multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (thormnpv) that was co-isolated with a single nucleocapid thorsnpv from mixed infected larvae of thysanoplusia orichalcea l. (lepidoptea: noctuidae) is characterized. scanning electron microscopy of thormnpv showed a dodecahedral-shaped occlusion body (ob). the occluded virions contained one to as many as eight nucleocapsids/virion. virion band profiles in gradient centrifugation were consistent in at least 10 rounds of centrifugation from different virion samp ... | 2005 | 15766929 |
| the inhibitor of apoptosis gene (iap-3) of anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) encodes a functional iap. | programmed cell death or apoptosis is one of the defense mechanisms used by insect cells in response to baculovirus infection. baculoviruses harbour antiapoptotic genes to prevent apoptosis and to maintain the normal course of infection. in this work, we showed that, like other baculoviruses, anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) has a functional inhibitor of apoptosis gene (iap-3). the iap-3 gene was cloned, sequenced and its transcription confirmed by rt-pcr. the puta ... | 2005 | 15834654 |
| nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the dna polymerase gene of anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the dna polymerase from anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) was identified and sequenced, and its amino acid sequence was compared with other viral dna polymerases to identify conserved regions and to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree. the sequence analysis of the agmnpv dna polymerase gene revealed the presence of a 2976 nucleotides open reading frame (orf) encoding a polypeptide of 991 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 114.7 kda. among the baculovirus dna pol ... | 2005 | 15845260 |
| laboratory and field evaluations of transgenic soybean exhibiting high-dose expression of a synthetic bacillus thuringiensis cry1a gene for control of lepidoptera. | transgenic lines of soybean, glycine max (l.) merrill, expressing a synthetic cry1a gene (tic107) from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), were evaluated in screenhouse and conventional field trials for efficacy against lepidopteran pests. in screenhouse trials, bt soybean and negative checks (isogenic segregants and parental lines) were evaluated against anticarsia gemmatalis hübner and pseudoplusia includens (walker) in the united states and against a. gemmatalis, epinotia aporema (walsingham), rachi ... | 2005 | 15889751 |
| baculovirus-based expression of an insect viral protein in 12 different insect cell lines. | the ability of 12 unique lepidopteran insect cell lines from anticarsia gemmatalis, heliothis virescens, lymantria dispar (two lines), mamestra brassica, plutella xylostella, spodoptera frugiperda (two lines), and trichoplusia ni (three lines) to support production of a recombinant polydnavirus (pdv) protein (gipdv 1.1) expressed using the bac-to-bac baculovirus expression system was examined. polydnavirus gene gipdv 1.1 was cloned into the pfastbac baculovirus vector under the control of the po ... | 2005 | 15926859 |
| in vivo apoptosis induction and reduction of infectivity by an autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus p35(-) recombinant in hemocytes from the velvet bean caterpillar anticarsia gemmatalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | baculoviruses have long been shown to regulate apoptosis in cultured insect cells. recently, this phenomenon was also reported to occur in vivo, reinforcing the importance of apoptosis in insect immunity against viruses. the vp35del virus, an autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) recombinant, was previously shown to induce apoptosis in anticarsia gemmatalis cultured cells. in order to verify the acmnpv interaction with hemocytes, apoptosis induction in vivo and its effect ... | 2005 | 16081248 |
| generation and analysis of soybean plastid transformants expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab protoxin. | we describe the generation of fertile and homoplasmic soybean plastid transformants, expressing the bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protoxin cry1ab. transgenes were targeted in the intergenic region of glycine max plastome, between the rps12/7 and trnv genes and selection was carried out using the aada gene encoding spectinomycin resistance. molecular analysis confirmed the integration of the cry1ab and aada expression cassettes at the expected location in the soybean plastome, and the trans ... | 2005 | 16158241 |
| multi-peak phenomenon of insect cell infection with baculovirus at low multiplicity of infection. | in this communication we report the infection of armyworm spodoptera frugiperda iplb-sf-21 cells with anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus at low multiplicity of infection (moi). the temporal variation of the extra-cellular virus and of the unstained cell was followed. the series of peaks in the virus concentration and the unstained cells count were used in order to infer the dynamic mechanism of the infection at low moi. this mechanism can be used as the basis for the future f ... | 2005 | 16331331 |
| avidin, a potential biopesticide and synergist to bacillus thuringiensis toxins against field crop insects. | a meridic diet was supplemented with avidin at various concentrations to determine its effects on growth and mortality of three lepidopteran insects: helicoverpa zea (boddie), spodoptera exigua (hübner), and anticarsia gemmatalis (hübner). all insects were placed on diet immediately after hatching and observed until death or pupation occurred. at a concentration of 10 ppm, avidin had little or no effect on growth and mortality compared with the control. however at a concentration of 100 ppm almo ... | 2005 | 16334325 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus gp64 gene. | frequent outbreaks of the purulence disease of chinese oak silkworm are reported in middle and northeast china. the disease is produced by the pathogen antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (anpenpv). to obtain molecular information of the virus, the polyhedra of anpenpv were purified and characterized. the genomic dna of anpenpv was extracted and digested with hindiii. the genome size of anpenpv is estimated at 128 kb. based on the analysis of dna fragments digested with hindiii, 23 fragments w ... | 2005 | 16388134 |
| characterization of an indonesian isolate of paecilomyces reniformis. | an entomopathogenic fungus (indgh 96), identified as paecilomyces reniformis, was isolated from long-horned grasshoppers (orthoptera: tettigoniidae) in sulawesi, indonesia. the phenotypic and molecular data identified the indgh 96 as a p. reniformis. we present the first comprehensive characterization of this species using morphological features, sequencing of the its1-5.8s-its2 region, d1/d2 region of 28s of rdna, and a portion of the tubulin gene, and laboratory bioassays. distinguishing featu ... | 2006 | 16463094 |
| sequencing and characterisation of p74 gene in two isolates of anticarsia gemmatalis mnpv. | p74 is a protein encoded in the genome of baculoviruses, associated with the envelopes of occluded virus. its presence proved to be essential for per os infection. in first place, in this work we designed two universal primers to amplify a sequence region of the p74 orf in baculoviruses from different classification groups. then, by the use of these amplicons we obtained the complete sequence of the p74 locus from two isolates of agmnpv, 2d (brazil) and sf (argentina). in the flanking regions we ... | 2006 | 16525736 |
| genome of the most widely used viral biopesticide: anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the genome of anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate 2d (agmnpv-2d), which is the most extensively used virus pesticide in the world, was completely sequenced and shown to have 132 239 bp (g+c content 44.5 mol%) and to be capable of encoding 152 non-overlapping open reading frames (orfs). three orfs were unique to agmnpv-2d, one of which (ag31) had similarity to eukaryotic poly(adp-ribose) polymerases. the lack of chia and v-cath may explain some of the success and growth of ... | 2006 | 17030857 |
| evaluating lepidopteran defoliation resistance in soybean breeding lines containing the stink bug (hemiptera: pentatomidae) resistance iac-100 cultivar in their pedigrees. | sixty-five soybean, glycine max (l.) merrill, breeding lines containing 'iac-100' in their pedigrees were evaluated for their resistance to lepidopteran defoliation in replicated field trials during 2001-2005. three soybean cultivars, iac-100 (with resistance to stink bug [hemiptera: pentatomidael feeding), 'dillon', and 'hutcheson', also were included in the evaluations. the percentage defoliation among these 68 entries ranged from 4.3 to 28.3% in 2001 and from 35.0 to 99.0% in 2002. lepidopter ... | 2007 | 17598562 |
| functional and structural characterisation of agmnpv ie1. | we have located and cloned the anticarsia gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate 2d (agmnpv-2d) genomic dna fragment containing the immediate early 1 orf and its flanking regions. computer assisted analysis of the complete ie1 locus nucleotide sequence information was used to locate regulatory signals in the upstream region and conserved nucleotide and amino acid sequences. comparative studies led to the identification of several characteristic protein motifs and to the conclusion t ... | 2007 | 17682932 |
| new cell lines derived from the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon, that support replication of the a. ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus and several group i nucleopolyhedroviruses. | new cell lines were recently developed from the embryos of the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (lepidoptera: noctuidae). a primary culture was initiated from 4-day-old a. ipsilon eggs in excell420 medium supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum. this initial culture produced sufficient cell growth to allow subcultivation and eventually led to the establishment of eight distinct strains. two of these strains (aie1611t and aied6t) were selected for further characterization. extracts of these strains ... | 2008 | 18395741 |
| characterization of a novel cry9bb delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | the brazilian bacillus thuringiensis serovar japonensis strain s725 was selected for its toxicity to the velvetbean caterpillar, anticarsia gemmatalis. this strain produces spherical crystals harbouring a major protein of about 130 kda which yields fragments of between 50 and 70 kda upon trypsin activation. the protein showed a high level of identity and immunoafinity to the cry9 class of delta-endotoxins. the cloned cry9-like gene sequence contains a 3492 bp orf, which encodes a polypeptide of ... | 2008 | 18456277 |
| serological analysis of 17 baculoviruses from subgroups a and b using protein blot immunoassay. | we used the protein blot radioimmunoassay technique (smith and summers, 1981) to evaluate the immunoreactivity of antisera made against sds-disrupted baculovirus structural proteins. eight antisera (six for npvs and two for gvs) were tested against eleven nuclear polyhedrosis (npv) and six granulosis viruses (gv). homologous reactions revealed that sds-disrupted baculovirus antigens elicited antibodies which reacted with several of the virus proteins. heterologous reactions of each viral antiser ... | 1983 | 18638912 |
| detection and identification of baculovirus pesticides by multitemperature single-strand conformational polymorphism. | the method of single-strand conformational polymorphism (sscp) was modified in our laboratories for the characterization of baculoviruses, insect viruses with great potential for use as bioinsecticides in biological protection programs. a series of primers were synthesized after the comparison of the polyhedrin gene sequences of over 20 baculoviruses. polyhedrin is a highly conserved protein which is responsible for the persistence of the virus in the environment. universal primers were designed ... | 2008 | 18803107 |
| purification and characterization of a trypsin inhibitor from plathymenia foliolosa seeds. | a novel trypsin inhibitor (pfti) was isolated from plathymenia foliolosa (benth.) seeds by gel filtration chromatography on a sephadex g-100, deae-sepharose, and trypsin-sepharose columns. by sdspage, pfti yielded a single band with a m(r) of 19 kda. pfti inhibited bovine trypsin and bovine chymotrypsin with equilibrium dissociation constants (k(i)) of 4 x 10(-8) and 1.4 x 10(-6) m, respectively. pfti retained more than 50% of activity at up to 50 degrees c for 30 min, but there were 80 and 100% ... | 2008 | 18991455 |
| type 1 ribosome-inactivating proteins - entomotoxic, oxidative and genotoxic action on anticarsia gemmatalis (hübner) and spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) from plants inhibit protein synthesis by inactivating ribosomes. some two-chain (type 2) rips are highly toxic and may play a role in plant defense. the lower toxicity of single-chain (type 1) rips reflects the lack of a protein domain able to bind to, and translocate the toxin across cell membranes. we studied the effect of single-chain rips, lychnin, momordin, gelonin, pap-s and saporin s-6, in larvae of anticarsia gemmatalis and spodoptera frugiperda. aft ... | 2009 | 19000694 |
| cell culture derived agmnpv bioinsecticide: biological constraints and bioprocess issues. | we have studied parameters for optimizing the spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cell culture and viral infection for the production of anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrosis virus (agmnpv) polyhedra inclusion bodies (pibs) in shaker-schott or spinner bottles and bioreactors. we have assayed the k(l)a of the systems, initial cell seeding, cell culture volume, dissolved oxygen (do), multiplicity of infection (moi), nutrients consumption, and metabolites production. the medium surface oxygen t ... | 2005 | 19003030 |
| enhancement of sf9 cells and baculovirus production employing grace's medium supplemented with milk whey ultrafiltrate. | animal cells can be cultured both in basal media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (fbs) and in serum-free media. in this work, the supplementation of grace's medium with a set of nutrients to reduce fbs requirements in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cell culture was evaluated, aiming the production of anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) at a cost lower than those for the production using sf900 ii medium. in grace's medium supplemented with glucose, pluronic f68 (pf68) and yeast ... | 2005 | 19003058 |
| [temperature effects on the mating frequency of anticarsia gemmatalis hüebner and spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae)]. | this paper deals with the influence of temperature on the mating frequency of two lepidopterans, anticarsia gemmatalis hübner and spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith), which use different strategies of allocation, and with the utilization of nutrients for their reproductive activities. the insects were reared on artificial diets at 25 masculinec, and the adults were exposed to five temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 masculinec) to observe the influence of each temperature on their mating frequen ... | 2008 | 19061037 |
| accumulation of few-polyhedra mutants upon serial passage of anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in cell culture. | anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) has been widely used to control the velvetbean caterpillar, anticarsia gemmatalis, in brazil. to date, agmnpv has been produced by larval infection and, due to in vivo production limitations and the continuing high demand for the biopesticide, attempts should be made to develop in vitro production of this virus. in order to investigate the effects caused by serial passage of agmnpv in cell culture, we carried out a total of ten passages and ana ... | 2009 | 19135449 |
| a morphometric study of the midgut in resistant and non-resistant anticarsia gemmatalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae to its nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv). | in this investigation, the anterior and posterior regions of the midgut of resistant (rl) and non-resistant (sl) anticarsia gemmatalis larvae were analyzed morphometrically to characterize different regions along their length. also, this investigation compares the results between sl and rl to improve the understanding of the resistance mechanisms to the virus. histological sections were analyzed in a computerized system and the data were statistically analyzed by the kruskal-wallis test and by m ... | 2009 | 19275904 |
| pathogenesis of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in fifth-instar anticarsia gemmatalis larvae. | we have investigated infection and pathogenesis of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) in anticarsia gemmatalis (velvetbean caterpillar) larvae using a lacz recombinant virus (acmnpv-hsp70/lacz) to track the temporal progression of infection in the midgut intestine and haemocoel. a. gemmatalis was highly resistant to fatal infection by occlusion bodies (obs; ld(50)>5.5 x 10(5) ob) and budded virus (bv; ld(50)>3 x 10(5) bv) administered via oral and systemic routes, resp ... | 2009 | 19423548 |
| characterization and identification of proteolytic bacteria from the gut of the velvetbean caterpillar (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the characterization and identification of proteolytic bacteria from the gut of the velvetbean caterpillar (anticarsia gemmatalis) were the objectives of this study. twelve aerobic and anaerobic isolates of proteolytic bacteria were obtained from the caterpillar gut in calcium caseinate agar. the number of colony forming units (cfus) of proteolytic bacteria was higher when the bacteria were extracted from caterpillars reared on artificial diet rather than on soybean leaves (1.73 +/- 0.35 x 10(3) ... | 2009 | 19689886 |
| evaluation of transgenic soybean exhibiting high expression of a synthetic bacillus thuringiensis cry1a transgene for suppressing lepidopteran population densities and crop injury. | several transgenic lines of soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., expressing a synthetic cry1a gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), were examined in replicated field trials in 2003-2007 for suppression of naturally occurring population densities of lepidopteran pests and the resultant crop injury that they caused. bt soybean and negative controls (isogenic segregants and parental lines) were evaluated against velvetbean caterpillar, anticarsia gemmatalis (hübner); soybean looper, pseudoplusia inclu ... | 2009 | 19736779 |
| molecular analysis of a mutant anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) shows an interruption of an inhibitor of apoptosis gene (iap-3) by a new class-ii piggybac-related insect transposon. | a new piggybac-related transposable element (te) was found in the genome of a mutant anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus interrupting an inhibitor of apoptosis gene. this mutant virus induces apoptosis upon infection of an anticarsia gemmatalis cell line, but not in a trichoplusia ni cell line. the sequence of the new te (which was named idt for iap disruptor transposon) has 2531 bp with two dna sequences flanking a putative transposase (tpase) orf of 1719 bp coding for a protein ... | 2009 | 19788700 |
| interactions among insect-resistant soybean genotypes extracts with populations of anticarsia gemmatalis hübner (lepidoptera: noctuidae) susceptible and resistant to its nucleopolyhedrovirus. | anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) is being used in brazil as a biological insecticide. host plant resistance of soybean to insects is been searched for and some authors have mentioned the interference of plant chemistry in virus efficiency. interactions among soybean extracts of genotypes used as a source of resistance (pi 274454 and pi 227687) with different agmnpv concentrations in populations of a. geatalis susceptible (s) and resistant (r) to the virus were studied at labor ... | 2009 | 19893908 |
| isolation and characterization of a baculovirus associated with the insect parasitoid wasp, cotesia marginiventris, or its host, trichoplusia ni. | a multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (mnpv) was isolated from trichoplusia ni (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae that had been stung by the parasitoid cotesia marginiventris (cresson) (hymenoptera: braconidae). the wild type virus was plaque purified by infecting a heliothis subflexa (bcirl- hsam1) cell line and isolating several clones. the mean estimated genomic size of this virus based on psti, bsteii, styi, hindiii restriction profiles was estimated to be 106 +/- 2.5 kbp (mean+/-se). a clon ... | 2008 | 20334593 |
| [effects of adult feeding on the reproduction and longevity of noctuidae, crambidae, tortricidae and elachistidae species]. | this research evaluates the effect of the adult diet on the reproduction of anticarsia gemmatalis hübner, heliothis virescens (fabr.), spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (noctuidae), diatraea saccharalis (fabr.) (crambidae), gymnandrosoma aurantianum lima (tortricidae) and stenoma catenifer walsingham (elachistidae). adults of all species were fed either water or a 10% honey solution. the egg viability for the 1st and 2nd egg masses, adult fecundity, longevity, number of mating and the ovigeny ... | 2010 | 20498952 |
| [yield of soybean genotypes under infestation of the velvetbean caterpillar and stink bugs]. | three soybean experiments, one for each maturation group (early, semi-early, and medium), were installed in the field in assis, state of são paulo, during the 2003/2004 growing season to evaluate damage caused by anticarsia gemmatalis (hubn.) and by the soybean stink bug complex, euschistus heros (f.), piezodorus guildinii (west.), and nezara viridula (l.). the experiments were installed again in 2004/2005, with the exception of the early cycle group. defoliation caused by a. gemmatalis was eval ... | 2010 | 20498967 |
| effects of fetal bovine serum deprivation in cell cultures on the production of anticarsia gemmatalis multinucleopolyhedrovirus. | anticarsia gemmatalis is a pest in south america's soybean crops, which could be controlled by the multinucleopolyhedrovirus of a. gemmatalis (agmnpv). currently, its commercial production is based on infected larvae. however, the possibility of using modified baculoviruses in integrated pest management programs has stimulated an interest to develop alternative multiplication processes. this study evaluated the agmnpv production in ufl-ag-286 cells previously deprived fetal bovine serum. | 2010 | 20843354 |
| a silencing suppressor protein (nss) of a tospovirus enhances baculovirus replication in permissive and semipermissive insect cell lines. | the nonstructural protein (nss) of the tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) has been identified as an rnai suppressor in plant cells. a recombinant autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) designated vacnss, containing the nss gene under the control of the viral polyhedrin (polh) gene promoter, was constructed and the effects of nss in permissive, semipermissive and nonpermissive insect cells to vacnss infection were evaluated. vacnss produced more budded virus when compared to ... | 2010 | 20971139 |
| a trypsin inhibitor from sapindus saponaria l. seeds: purification, characterization, and activity towards pest insect digestive enzyme. | the present paper describes the purification, characterization and determination of the partial primary structure of the first trypsin inhibitor isolated from the family sapindaceae. a highly stable, potent trypsin inhibitor (ssti) was purified to homogeneity. sds-page analysis revealed that the protein consists of a two-polypeptide chain with molecular masses of approximately 15 and 3 kda. the purified inhibitor inhibited bovine trypsin at a 1:1 m ratio. kinetic analysis revealed that the prote ... | 2011 | 21127952 |
| bacillus thuringiensis isolates entomopathogenic for culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) and anticarsia gemmatalis (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | samples of the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) were collected from soil and insects. eight isolates were selected from rural soil, 15 from urban soil and 11 from insects. these were evaluated for entomopathogenicity against larvae of anticarsia gemmatalis and culex quinquefasciatus. the pathogenicity tests showed that a higher percentage of isolates were active against a. gemmatalis (60%) compared to c. quinquefasciatus (31%). probit analysis (lc₅₀) indicated that against a. gemmatalis four of the i ... | 2010 | 21180911 |
| the role of peritrophic membrane in the resistance of anticarsia gemmatalis larvae (lepidoptera: noctuidae) during the infection by its nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv). | the aim of this study was to analyze morphologically the peritrophic membrane (pm) of anticarsia gemmatalis larvae resistant (rl) and non-resistant (susceptible) (sl) to the a. gemmatalis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv), in the presence of viral infection. also, in this investigation the results between sl and rl were compared to improve the understanding of the resistance mechanisms to the virus. the pm of sl of a. gemmatalis was less efficient as a barrier against the viral infection ... | 2011 | 21775204 |
| production of the anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in serum-free suspension cultures of the saufl-ag-286 cell line in stirred reactor and airlift reactor. | the velvetbean caterpillar, anticarsia gemmatalis hübner (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is one of the main plagues for soybean crops. velvetbean caterpillar larvae are susceptible to be infected by occlusion bodies of the baculovirus anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv), a biological insecticide. the insect cell line saufl-ag-286 produces very high yields of occlusion bodies of agmnpv in suspension cultures done in the low-cost serum-free medium unl-10 in shake-flasks. however ... | 2011 | 21906626 |
| effect of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron on the predator podisus nigrispinus (heteroptera: pentatomidae). | podisus nigrispinus (dallas) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) is a common natural predator of defoliating caterpillars in agricultural and forest systems. insecticides acting as growth regulators of insect pests can indirectly affect their predators through consumption of contaminated prey. we examined the reproductive performance of p. nigrispinus fed on caterpillars of anticarsia gemmatalis hübner (lepidoptera: noctuidae) reared on soybean leaves exposed to the chitin synthesis inhibitor, diflubenz ... | 2011 | 21858643 |
| an amino acid substitution inhibits specialist herbivore production of an antagonist effector and recovers insect-induced plant defenses. | plants respond to insect herbivory through the production of biochemicals that function as either direct defenses or indirect defenses via the attraction of natural enemies. while attack by closely related insect pests can result in distinctive levels of induced plant defenses, precise biochemical mechanisms responsible for differing responses remain largely unknown. cowpea (vigna unguiculata) responds to fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) herbivory through the detection of fragments of chlor ... | 2012 | 23008466 |
| proteolytic activity of gut bacteria isolated from the velvet bean caterpillar anticarsia gemmatalis. | the development of proteinase inhibitors as potential insect control agents has been constrained by insect adaptation to these compounds. the velvet bean caterpillar (anticarsia gemmatalis) is a key soybean pest species that is well-adapted to proteinase inhibitors, particularly serine-proteinase inhibitors, which are abundant in the caterpillar host. the expression of diverse proteolytic enzymes by gut symbionts may allow the velvet bean caterpillar to circumvent proteinase inhibitors produced ... | 2013 | 23392900 |
| toxicity and binding studies of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac, cry1f, cry1c and cry2a proteins in the soybean pests anticarsia gemmatalis and chrysodeixis (pseudoplusia) includens. | anticarsia gemmatalis (velvetbean caterpillar) and chrysodeixis includens (soybean looper, formerly named pseudoplusia includens) are two important defoliating insects of soybean. both lepidopteran pests are controlled mainly with synthetic insecticides. alternative control strategies such as biopesticides based on the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins or transgenic plants expressing bt toxins can be used and are increasingly being adopted. studies on the insect susceptibility and mode of actio ... | 2017 | 28363958 |
| efficacy of soybean's event das-81419-2 expressing cry1f and cry1ac to manage key tropical lepidopteran pests under field conditions in brazil. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) event das-81419-2 (conkesta technology) in soybean, glycine max (l.) merrill, expresses cry1f and cry1ac proteins to provide protection from feeding by several lepidopteran pests. a total of 27 field experiments across nine locations were conducted from 2011 to 2015 in southern and central brazil to characterize the efficacy of das-81419-2 soybean infested with anticarsia gemmatalis hübner (lepidoptera: erebidae), chrysodeixis includens (walker) (lepidoptera: noctuida ... | 2016 | 27401112 |
| mode of action and specificity of bacillus thuringiensis toxins in the control of caterpillars and stink bugs in soybean culture. | the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) produces delta-endotoxins that possess toxic properties and can be used as biopesticides, as well as a source of genes for the construction of transgenic plants resistant to insects. in brazil, the introduction of bt soybean with insecticidal properties to the velvetbean caterpillar, the main insect pest of soybean, has been seen a promising tool in the management of these agroecosystems. however, the increase in stink bug populations in this culture, in ... | 2014 | 24575310 |
| receptors and lethal effect of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins to the anticarsia gemmatalis (lepidoptera, noctuidae). | bioassays with insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) from bacillus thuringiensis have demonstrated that cry1aa, cry1ac, and cry1ba are the most active toxins on larvae of the anticarsia gemmatalis. the toxins cry1da and cry1ea are less toxic, and toxins cry2aa are not active. binding of these icps to midgut sections of the a. gemmatalis larvae was studied using streptavidin-mediated detection. the observed staining patterns showed that cry1aa and cry1ac bound to the brush border throughout the wh ... | 2013 | 24195006 |
| identification, cloning and expression of an insecticide cry8 gene from bacillus thuringiensis inta fr7-4. | insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis is attributed largely to the crystal proteins. these were found with specific toxic activity against insects in different orders. a novel cry8 gene from b. thuringiensis strain inta fr7-4 from argentina was characterized. the encoded protein, cry8qa2, is 1184 amino acids long and its sequence is more similar to those of cry8f class. we cloned and expressed the protein in an acrystalliferous strain of b. thuringiensis using two differentially regula ... | 2013 | 24008260 |
| two's a crowd: phenotypic adjustments and prophylaxis in anticarsia gemmatalis larvae are triggered by the presence of conspecifics. | defence from parasites and pathogens involves a cost. thus, it is expected that organisms use this only at high population densities, where the risk of pathogen transmission may be high, as proposed by the "density-dependent prophylaxis" (ddp) hypothesis. these predictions have been tested in a wide range of insects, both in comparative and experimental studies. we think it pertinent to consider a continuum between solitarious and gregarious living insects, wherein: (1) solitarious insects are t ... | 2013 | 23626700 |
| two new brazilian isolates of bacillus thuringiensis toxic to anticarsia gemmatalis (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium used for biopesticides production and pest-resistant plants due to the synthesis of protein crystals by cry genes, which are effective in controlling several insect orders such as lepidoptera. this work aimed at the evaluation and characterisation of two new b. thuringiensis isolates active against a. gemmatalis (hübner 1818) larvae, which is the soybean major pest. the results showed that bt117-4 isolate amplified fragments corresponding to cry2 and cry9 ge ... | 2012 | 22735145 |
| validation of reference genes aiming accurate normalization of qpcr data in soybean upon nematode parasitism and insect attack. | soybean pathogens and pests reduce grain production worldwide. biotic interaction cause extensive changes in plant gene expression profile and the data produced by functional genomics studies need validation, usually done by quantitative pcr. nevertheless, this technique relies on accurate normalization which, in turn, depends upon the proper selection of stable reference genes for each experimental condition. to date, only a few studies were performed to validate reference genes in soybean subj ... | 2013 | 23668315 |
| the silencing suppressor (nss) protein of the plant virus tomato spotted wilt virus enhances heterologous protein expression and baculovirus pathogenicity in cells and lepidopteran insects. | in this work, we showed that cell death induced by a recombinant (vacnss) autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) expressing the silencing suppressor (nss) protein of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) was enhanced on permissive and semipermissive cell lines. the expression of a heterologous gene (firefly luciferase) during co-infection of insect cells with vacnss and a second recombinant baculovirus (vagppolhfluc) was shown to increase when compared to single vagppolhfluc in ... | 2015 | 26323262 |
| screening of candidate proteins interacting with ie-2 of bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus. | ie-2 of bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (bmnpv) has been shown to play important roles in baculovirus infection, which are involved in gene expression and viral replication. however, the mechanism remains unknown. in this paper, by targetp software, four genes, i.e.-2, odv-e26, odv-e56 and bmnpv-gp101 (ac-orf116) of bmnpv and autographa californica multiple npv (acmnpv) were predicted to be located in mitochondria. by blast tool using bmnpv ie-2 protein sequence, 14 npvs were found to have ie-2 ... | 2013 | 24078157 |
| optimization of methodology for rearing spodoptera albula on artificial diet. | advances in techniques for rearing insects on artificial diets are fundamental to solving issues of basic and applied entomology. in this study, we evaluated the development of spodoptera albula (walker) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on three artificial diets used for other species of lepidoptera, at three larval densities, and two densities of adult couples housed in oviposition cages of two sizes, with the aim of optimizing methodology for rearing s. albula in the laboratory. biological parameters ... | 2017 | 28275949 |
| reduction of the infectivity of baculovirus stocks frozen at ultra-low temperature in serum-free media: the role of lipid emulsions. | the infectivity of stocks of baculoviruses produced in serum-free media is sensitive to freezing at ultra-low temperatures. the objective of this work was to elucidate the causes of such sensitivity, using as a model the freezing of stocks of anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv), a baculovirus widely employed as biological insecticide. titers of supernatants of cell cultures infected with agmnpv in four different serum-free media supplemented with lipid emulsions were red ... | 2016 | 27568921 |
| cell culture for production of insecticidal viruses. | while large-scale culture of insect cells will need to be conducted using bioreactors up to 10,000 l scale, many of the main challenges for cell culture-based production of insecticidal viruses can be studied using small-scale (20-500 ml) shaker/spinner flasks, either in free suspension or using microcarrier-based systems. these challenges still relate to the development of appropriate cell lines, stability of virus strains in culture, enhancing virus yields per cell, and the development of seru ... | 2016 | 27565495 |
| temperature and population density: interactional effects of environmental factors on phenotypic plasticity, immune defenses, and disease resistance in an insect pest. | temperature and crowding are key environmental factors mediating the transmission and epizooty of infectious disease in ectotherm animals. the host physiology may be altered in a temperature-dependent manner and thus affects the pathogen development and course of diseases within an individual and host population, or the transmission rates (or infectivity) of pathogens shift linearly with the host population density. to our understanding, the knowledge of interactive and synergistic effects of te ... | 2016 | 27195105 |
| pyramids of qtls enhance host-plant resistance and bt-mediated resistance to leaf-chewing insects in soybean. | qtl-m and qtl-e enhance soybean resistance to insects. pyramiding these qtls with cry1ac increases protection against bt-tolerant pests, presenting an opportunity to effectively deploy bt with host-plant resistance genes. plant resistance to leaf-chewing insects minimizes the need for insecticide applications, reducing crop production costs and pesticide concerns. in soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.], resistance to a broad range of leaf-chewing insects is found in pi 229358 and pi 227687. pi 2293 ... | 2016 | 26724806 |
| stink bug predator kills prey with salivary non-proteinaceous compounds. | podisus nigrispinus dallas (hemiptera: pentatomidae) is a predator insect with potential applications in biological control because both nymphs and adults have been shown to prey on other insect pests by injection of toxic salivary gland contents. this study identified non-proteinaceous compounds with insecticidal activity from the saliva of p. nigrispinus in anticarsia gemmatalis. in particular, the ether extract from p. nigrispinus saliva led to mortality in a. gemmatalis larvae, with a lc50 = ... | 2016 | 26631600 |
| the pangenome of the anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv). | the alphabaculovirus anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) is the world's most successful viral bioinsecticide. through the 1980s and 1990s, this virus was extensively used for biological control of populations of anticarsia gemmatalis (velvetbean caterpillar) in soybean crops. during this period, genetic studies identified several variable loci in the agmnpv; however, most of them were not characterized at the sequence level. in this study we report a full genome comparis ... | 2015 | 26615220 |
| factors influencing expression of antixenosis in soybean to anticarsia gemmatalis and spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | this study aimed to evaluate some factors that influence the expression of antixenosis in soybean genotypes against anticarsia gemmatalis hübner and spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). free-choice and no-choice feeding assays were performed with the resistant soybean genotype iac 100 and the susceptible genotype brsgo 8360 using a. gemmatalis and s. frugiperda larvae. the following factors that may affect expression of resistance were evaluated: one larva versus two lar ... | 2015 | 26470136 |