| sequence of genome segments 1, 2, and 3 of the grass carp reovirus (genus aquareovirus, family reoviridae). | the genome segments 1, 2, and 3 of the grass carp reovirus (gcrv), a tentative species assigned to genus aquareovirus, family reoviridae, were sequenced. the respective segments 1, 2, and 3 were 3949, 3877, and 3702 nucleotides long. conserved motifs 5' (guuauuu) and 3' (uucauc) were found at the ends of each segment. each segment contains a single orf and the negative strand does not permit identification of consistent orfs. sequence analysis revealed that vp2 is the viral polymerase, while vp1 ... | 2000 | 10924351 |
| common evolutionary origin of aquareoviruses and orthoreoviruses revealed by genome characterization of golden shiner reovirus, grass carp reovirus, striped bass reovirus and golden ide reovirus (genus aquareovirus, family reoviridae). | full-length and partial genome sequences of four members of the genus aquareovirus, family reoviridae (golden shiner reovirus, grass carp reovirus, striped bass reovirus and golden ide reovirus) were characterized. based on sequence comparison, the unclassified grass carp reovirus was shown to be a member of the species aquareovirus c. the status of golden ide reovirus, another unclassified aquareovirus, was also examined. sequence analysis showed that it did not belong to the species aquareovir ... | 2002 | 12124458 |
| identification of two histidines necessary for reovirus mrna guanylyltransferase activity. | grass carp reovirus, a segmented double-stranded rna virus, is a member of the genus aquareovirus in the reoviridae family. grass carp reovirus vp1 was shown to be an mrna guanylyltransferase. the enzyme demonstrated maximum activity <or= ph 6.0. this low ph maximum is conserved among the known guanylyltransferases of the reoviridae family, but is not a property of the kxdg guanylyltransferases. the positive effect of low ph was detected for both autoguanylylation and gmp transfer, the two steps ... | 2003 | 14644613 |
| development of a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic assay for fish aquareovirus based on rt-pcr. | a rapid, sensitive and highly specific detection method for aquareovirus based on reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed. based on multiple sequence alignment of the cloned sequences of a local isolates, the threadfin reovirus (tfv) and guppy reovirus (gpv) with grass carp reovirus (gcrv), a pair of degenerate primers was selected carefully and synthesized. using this primer combination, only one specific product, approximately 450 bp in length was obtained when r ... | 2004 | 15081606 |
| complete characterisation of the american grass carp reovirus genome (genus aquareovirus: family reoviridae) reveals an evolutionary link between aquareoviruses and coltiviruses. | an aquareovirus was isolated from several fish species in the usa (including healthy golden shiners) that is not closely related to members of species aquareovirus a, b and c. the virus, which is atypical (does not cause syncytia in cell cultures at neutral ph), was implicated in a winter die-off of grass carp fingerlings and has therefore been called 'american grass carp reovirus' (agcrv). complete nucleotide sequence analysis of the agcrv genome and comparisons to the other aquareoviruses show ... | 2008 | 18191982 |
| development of a sensitive and quantitative assay for spring viremia of carp virus based on real-time rt-pcr. | a one-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using a taqman probe to quantitatively detect spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) is described. in this assay, a pair of primers amplifying an 81-bp dna fragment and a taqman probe was designed targeting the conserved region at the svcv glycoprotein (g) gene. to avoid the disadvantages arising from plasmids, an extension adding a t7 phage polymerase promoter to the 5' end of the antisense primer was carried out to obta ... | 2008 | 18602422 |
| the gene and virus-induced expression of irf-5 in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | the interferon regulatory factor 5 (irf-5) is known to be involved in the innate immune response and in the regulation of dna damage-induced apoptosis. in the present study, the cdna and genomic sequences of irf-5 were identified in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). the cdna of grass carp irf-5 (gcirf-5) contains an open reading frame (orf) of 1560 nucleotides, encoding a putative 519 amino acid protein, which showed 34.5-83.9% identity to irf-5 homologues from mammals, amphibian, avian and ... | 2010 | 19896215 |
| [highly efficient inhibition on replication of grass carp reovirus mediated by chemically synthesized small interfering rnas]. | two short interfering rnas (sirna-rdrp1286, sirna-rdrp1441) and one short interfering rna (sirna-ocp117), targeted to the rna dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene and outer capsid protein (ocp) gene of grass carp reovirus (gcrv) respectively, were chemically synthesized and transfected into the cik cells by lipofectamine 2000. 6 hours after transfection, the transfected cik cells were challenged with gcrv. the culture media were collected at 48h post challenge and the virus was titrated in micro ... | 2009 | 19954117 |
| detection and prevalence of the nonsyncytial american grass carp reovirus aquareovirus g by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. | the american grass carp reovirus (agcrv) aquareovirus g is not strongly associated with disease in fish, but it is often detected by cell culture during routine inspections of healthy fish. the cytopathic effect of agcrv does not involve the typical syncytia associated with most aquareoviruses. instead, the agcrv produces a pattern of cell rounding that is very similar to that produced by rhabdoviruses, including those that are highly regulated. we have developed a quantitative polymerase chain ... | 2010 | 20575360 |
| an improved rt-pcr assay for rapid and sensitive detection of grass carp reovirus. | an improved simple, rapid and sensitive method for detecting grass carp reovirus (gcrv) based on rt-pcr was developed by combining an advanced rna extraction technique and targeting segment 10 as a template. the results indicate that highly efficient rt-pcr amplification of gcrv genome segments can be obtained using column-extracted rna as a template, which is suitable not only for full-length gene amplification up to a size of 1.5 kb, but also for partial genome detection. moreover, by targetin ... | 2010 | 20599564 |
| characterization of the nonstructural protein ns80 of grass carp reovirus. | nonstructural proteins of members of the family reoviridae are believed to play significant roles in the virus replication cycle. phylogenetic analyses indicate that the nonstructural protein ns80 of grass carp reovirus, encoded by a gene of segment 4 (s4), is a primary determinant that is related to the formation of viroplasmic inclusion bodies (vib), where viral replication and assembly are thought to occur. to understand the role of the ns80 protein in viral replication, an initial investigat ... | 2010 | 20640908 |
| molecular characterization of nonstructural protein ns38 of grass carp reovirus. | viral nonstructural proteins in both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses play important roles in viral replication. protein ns38 of grass carp reovirus (gcrv), has been deduced to be a non-structural protein, and, consistent with other reoviruses, is considered to cooperate with the ns80 protein in viral particle assembly. to investigate the molecular basis of the role of ns38, a complete protein was expressed in e.coli for the first time. it was found that there is a better expression of ns38 i ... | 2010 | 20960309 |
| molecular analysis of grass carp reovirus hz08 genome segments 1-3 and 5-6. | a new grass carp reovirus, assigned hz08, was isolated from a diseased grass carp case during routine examination in huzhou city, zhejiang province, china. the complete nucleotide sequences of genomic segments s1-s3 and s5-s6 were obtained and comprised 3927, 3870, 3753, 2229, and 2030 bp, respectively. each segment contained a single open reading frame which encoded putative proteins of 143.6, 143.1, 135.9, 80.5, and 68.4 kda, respectively. conserved motifs 5' (guaauuu...uucauc) 3' were found a ... | 2010 | 20455077 |
| myeloid differentiation factor 88 gene is involved in antiviral immunity in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | a full-length myd88 cdna (cimyd88) was cloned and characterized from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. cimyd88 was found to be broadly expressed and was up-regulated by grass carp reovirus (gcrv) and cimyd88 transcripts in vitro were rapidly elevated in c. idella kidney (cik) cells after challenge with poly(i:c). these results suggest that cimyd88 may be involved in the antiviral immune defence in c. idella. | 2011 | 21366589 |
| identification and expression profiling analysis of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella lgp2 cdna. | lgp2 (laboratory of genetics and physiology 2), a homologue of rig-i (retinoic acid inducible gene-i) and mda5 (melanoma differentiation associated gene 5) without the card (caspase activation and recruitment domain) required for signaling, plays a pivotal role in modulating signaling by rig-i and mda5 for interferon (ifn) synthesis. in this study, a novel lgp2 gene from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (designated as cilgp2) was isolated and characterized. the full-length cdna of cilgp2 was o ... | 2010 | 20420913 |
| functional investigation of grass carp reovirus nonstructural protein ns80. | abstract: | 2011 | 21489306 |
| molecular cloning and immune responsive expression of mda5 gene, a pivotal member of the rlr gene family from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | the cytoplasmic helicase protein mda5 (melanoma-differentiation-associated gene-5) recognizes long molecules of viral double-stranded rna (dsrna) and single-stranded rna with 5' triphosphate and mediates type i interferon secretion. in the present study, the first mda5 gene in fish was cloned and characterized from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. the full length of the c. idella mda5 (cimda5) cdna is 3233 nucleotides in length and encodes a polypeptide of 961 amino acids. the deduced amino a ... | 2010 | 20109556 |
| antibodies against outer-capsid proteins of grass carp reovirus expressed in e. coli are capable of neutralizing viral infectivity. | abstract: | 2011 | 21745413 |
| building and refining protein models within cryo-electron microscopy density maps based on homology modeling and multiscale structure refinement. | automatic modeling methods using cryoelectron microscopy (cryoem) density maps as constraints are promising approaches to building atomic models of individual proteins or protein domains. however, their application to large macromolecular assemblies has not been possible largely due to computational limitations inherent to such unsupervised methods. here we describe a new method, em-imo (electron microscopy-iterative modular optimization), for building, modifying and refining local structures of ... | 2010 | 20109465 |
| [isolation and identification of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) hemorrhage reovirus]. | by using cell culture and virus infection methods, a new reovirus had been isolated from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) suffered with severe hemorrhage and had been identified as channel catfish reovirus (ccrv) after artificial infection in fish, electron microscopy observation, physical-chemical tests, genomic sds-page analysis and sequencing. in artificial infection test, the typical symptoms of channel catfish hemorrhage as naturally occurred could be reproduced. the isolated virus cou ... | 2009 | 20077937 |
| backbone model of an aquareovirus virion by cryo-electron microscopy and bioinformatics. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is a member of the aquareovirus genus in the reoviridae family and has a capsid with two shells-a transcription-competent core surrounded by a coat. we report a near-atomic-resolution reconstruction of the gcrv virion by cryo-electron microscopy and single-particle reconstruction. a backbone model of the gcrv virion, including seven conformers of the five capsid proteins making up the 1500 molecules in both the core and the coat, was derived using cryo-electron microsc ... | 2010 | 20036256 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of the ifn-gamma related gene (ifn-gammarel) in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | interferon gamma (ifn-gamma), the only member of the type ii class of interferons, has been identified in teleost fish. in addition to the ifn-gamma gene, fish possess an ifn-gamma related gene (ifn-gammarel) neighbouring the authentic ifn-gamma gene in the genome. in the present study, the cdna sequence encoding 167 amino acids of ifn-gammarel and its genomic organization were identified in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. the predicted protein sequence of grass carp ifn-gammarel (gcifn-gamm ... | 2010 | 19800136 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of nuclear oligomerization domain proteins nod1 and nod2 in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | nuclear oligomerization domains (nods) are cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (prrs) to detect bacterial component. in this study, the molecular cloning and genomic characterization of grass carp nod1 (gcnod1) and grass carp nod2 (gcnod2) were reported. the complete open reading frame of gcnod1 contains 2814 bp, encoding a 937-amino acid polypeptide. the gcnod2 cdna sequence encodes 982-amino acid polypeptide. both gcnod1 and gcnod2 possess three conserved domains: carboxy terminal leucine ... | 2010 | 19766192 |
| genomic organization and expression analysis of toll-like receptor 3 in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) participates in the innate immune response by recognizing viral pathogens. to investigate grass carp immune system responding to gcrv (grass carp reovirus) infection, the full-length cdna sequence and genomic organization of grass carp tlr3 (citlr3) was identified and characterized. the full-length genome sequence of citlr3 is composed of 5668 nucleotides, including five exons and four introns. the full-length of citlr3 cdna is 3681 bp in length and encodes a polypept ... | 2009 | 19545638 |
| toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway can be triggered by grass carp reovirus and aeromonas hydrophila infection in rare minnow gobiocypris rarus. | toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) is critical for lps recognition and cellular responses. it also recognizes some viral envelope proteins. detection mostly results in the inflammation rather than specific antiviral responses. however, it's unclear in fish. in this report, a tlr4 gene (named as grtlr4b) was cloned and characterized from rare minnow gobiocypris rarus. the full length of grtlr4b cdna consists of 2766 nucleotides and encodes a polypeptide of 818 amino acids with an estimated molecular mas ... | 2009 | 19264133 |
| enhanced grass carp reovirus resistance of mx-transgenic rare minnow (gobiocypris rarus). | in the interferon-induced antiviral mechanisms, the mx pathway is one of the most powerful. mx proteins have direct antiviral activity and inhibit a wide range of viruses by blocking an early stage of the viral genome replication cycle. however, antiviral activity of piscine mx remains unclear in vivo. in the present study, an mx-like gene was cloned, characterized and gene-transferred in rare minnow gobiocypris rarus, and its antiviral activity was confirmed in vivo. the full length of the rare ... | 2009 | 19138747 |
| isolation and characterization of argonaute 2: a key gene of the rna interference pathway in the rare minnow, gobiocypris rarus. | argonaute 2 gene plays a pivotal role in rnai in many species. herein is the first report of the cloning and characterization of argonaute 2 gene in fish. the full-length cdna of gobiocypris rarus argonaute 2 (grago2) consisted of 3073 nucleotides encoding 869 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 98.499 kda and an estimated isoelectric point of 9.18. analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence showed the presence of two signature domains, paz and piwi. rt-pcr analysis indica ... | 2009 | 18983923 |
| subnanometer-resolution structures of the grass carp reovirus core and virion. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is a member of the aquareovirus genus of the family reoviridae, a large family of double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses infecting plants, insects, fishes and mammals. we report the first subnanometer-resolution three-dimensional structures of both gcrv core and virion by cryoelectron microscopy. these structures have allowed the delineation of interactions among the over 1000 molecules in this enormous macromolecular machine and a detailed comparison with other dsrna vir ... | 2008 | 18625243 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of the pkz gene in rare minnow gobiocypris rarus. | double-stranded rna-activated protein kinase (pkr) plays an important role in interferon-induced antiviral responses, and is also involved in intracellular signaling pathways, including the apoptosis, proliferation, and transcription pathways. in the present study, a pkr-like gene was cloned and characterized from rare minnow gobiocypris rarus. the full length of the rare minnow pkr-like (grpkz) cdna is 1946 bp in length and encodes a polypeptide of 503 amino acids with an estimated molecular ma ... | 2008 | 18448359 |
| toll-like receptor 3 regulates mx expression in rare minnow gobiocypris rarus after viral infection. | toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) plays a key role in activating immune responses during viral infection. to study the genes involved in the regulatory function of tlr3 in the rare minnow gobiocypris rarus after viral infection, a full-length cdna of tlr3 (grtlr3) with a splice variant (grtlr3s) was identified by homologous cloning and race techniques. the antiviral effector molecule mx gene was cloned and partially sequenced. the mrna expression levels of grtlr3, grtlr3s, and mx were studied in diffe ... | 2008 | 18369614 |
| simultaneous detection of three fish rhabdoviruses using multiplex real-time quantitative rt-pcr assay. | spring viremia of carp virus (svcv), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) are three important fish rhabdoviruses, causing serious office international des epizooties (oie) classified diseases in wild and farmed fish. here, a new multiplex real-time quantitative rt-pcr (mqrt-pcr) assay was developed for simultaneous detection, identification and quantification of these three rhabdoviruses. the sets of primers and probes were targeted to cons ... | 2008 | 18299154 |
| characterization of infectious particles of grass carp reovirus by treatment with proteases. | proteolytic cleavages play an important role in reovirus infection during entry into cells. the effects of protease digestion on the morphology, infectivity and polypeptide composition of grass carp reovirus (gcrv) were investigated. following treatment with chymotrypsin, the different subviral particles of gcrv were isolated using density gradient centrifugation and examined by electron microscope (em). analysis of protein components revealed that the viral outer capsid was composed of vp5 and ... | 2008 | 18273678 |
| 3d reconstruction and capsid protein characterization of grass carp reovirus. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is a relatively new virus first isolated in china and is a member of the aquareovirus genus of the reoviridae family. recent report of genomic sequencing showed that gcrv shared high degree of homology with mammalian reovirus (mrv). as a step of our effort to understand the structural basis of gcrv pathogenesis, we determined the three-dimensional (3d) structure of gcrv capsid at 17 a resolution by electron cryomicroscopy. each gcrv capsid has a multilayered organizati ... | 2005 | 16483138 |
| molecular cloning, dna sequence analysis, and expression of cdna sequence of rna genomic segment 6 (s6) that encodes a viral outer capsid protein of threadfin aquareovirus (tfv). | the genome segment 6 (s6) of threadfin reovirus (tfv) was cloned and sequenced. the entire s6 nucleotide sequence is 2056 bp long with an open reading frame that encodes a protein of 653 amino acids. sequence analysis of the tfv s6 genome revealed that the 5'-terminal sequence, gtttta and the 3'-terminal sequence, attcatc of the plus strand is common to other genome segments of tfv. the pentanucleotide, tcatc, at the 3'-terminal of the plus strand was also conserved in other reported isolates of ... | 2005 | 15744578 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of avian reovirus guanylyltransferase. | we have cloned and sequenced the l3 genome segment of avian reovirus strain 1733, which specifies the viral guanylyltransferase protein, lambdac. the l3 gene is 3907 nucleotides long and encodes, in a single large open-reading frame, a polypeptide of 1285 amino acid residues, with a calculated m(r) of 142.2 kda. expression of this gene in a baculovirus/insect cell system produced a recombinant protein that comigrated with reovirion lambdac and reacted with anti-reovirus polyclonal serum in a wes ... | 2002 | 12069527 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the s10 genome segment of grass carp reovirus (gcrv). | hemorrhagic disease, caused by the grass carp reovirus (gcrv), is one of the major diseases of grass carp in china. little is known about the structure and function of the gene segments of this reovirus. the s10 genome segment of gcrv was cloned and the complete nucleotide sequence is reported here. the s10 is 909 nucleotides long and contains a large open reading frame (orf) encoding a protein of 276 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of approximately 29.7 kda. comparisons of the deduc ... | 2001 | 11253877 |
| identification of a retinoic acid-inducible gene i from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) and expression analysis in vivo and in vitro. | rig-i (retinoic acid inducible gene-i) is a key mediator of antiviral immunity, able to couple detection of infection by rna and dna viruses to the induction of interferons. in the present study, a rig-i gene from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (cirig-i) was isolated and characterized. the full-length cdna of cirig-i was of 3198 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 947 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 108,730 da and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.85, including six main overlapp ... | 2011 | 21288492 |
| the vp2 protein of grass carp reovirus (gcrv) expressed in a baculovirus exhibits rna polymerase activity. | the double-shelled grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is capable of endogenous rna transcription and processing. genome sequence analysis has revealed that the protein vp2, encoded by gene segment 2 (s2), is the putative rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp). in previous work, we have ex-pressed the functional region of vp2 that is associated with rna polymerase activity (denoted as rvp2(390-900)) in e. coli and have prepared a polyclonal antibody against vp2. to characterize the gcrv rna polymerase, a re ... | 2014 | 24643934 |
| evaluation of internal control genes for qrt-pcr normalization in tissues and cell culture for antiviral studies of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) has become one of the most commonly used techniques for rna expression. to obtain more reliable results with biological significance, it requires data normalization using an appropriate internal control gene. here, we cloned partial sequence of elongation factor 1α (ef1α) gene from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). the stabilities of four commonly used internal control genes encoding 18s rrna, β-actin, ef1α, and ... | 2011 | 21255653 |
| detection of grass carp reovirus (gcrv) with monoclonal antibodies. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is a pathogen that causes hemorrhagic disease of grass carp. it is the most serious infectious disease of carp and causes serious losses of fingerlings of grass carp and black carp. in this study, a recombinant vp4, one of the viral core proteins, was constructed with a histidine tag and expressed at a high level in e. coli, and the expressed protein was mainly found in the form of inclusion bodies. the expressed vp4 protein was recognized by an anti-his-tag monoclonal ... | 2014 | 24122108 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of interferon-β promoter stimulator 1 (ips-1) gene from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | ips-1 (interferon-β promoter stimulator 1), also known as mavs/visa/cardif, plays a central role in antiviral immunity. in this manuscript, we cloned and characterized ips-1 from grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella (designated as ciips-1). the ciips-1 cdna is 2412 bp long and consists of a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 124 bp, a 3' utr of 497 bp with three cytokine rna instability motifs (attta) and a polyadenylation signal (aataaa), and an open reading frame (orf) of 1791 bp encoding a polypep ... | 2010 | 21078397 |
| development of a novel candidate subunit vaccine against grass carp reovirus guangdong strain (gcrv-gd108). | grass carp reovirus guangdong 108 strain (gcrv-gd108) was recently isolated in guangdong province, china. m6 gene of gcrv-gd108 was speculated encoding virus major outer capsid protein vp4. blast analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of gcrv-gd108 vp4 was homologous to the structural protein vp4 of known aquareoviruses (27.3-32.9%). immunogenicity prediction by dnastar software revealed there were multiple b cell epitopes on gcrv-gd108 vp4. prokaryotic expression vector pet32a was used to ... | 2013 | 23664915 |
| the polymorphism and haplotype of tlr3 gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) and their associations with susceptibility/resistance to grass carp reovirus. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) have emerged as crucial sensors of invading microbes through recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) in viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. the polymorphisms in tlrs are closely associated with the resistance to pathogen infections. tlr3 involved in the recognition of double stranded rna in humans, mice, pigs and fishes. in present study, the nucleotide sequence polymorphisms of tlr3 gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) (citlr3) were in ... | 2010 | 20869445 |
| the use of an in vitro microneutralization assay to evaluate the potential of recombinant vp5 protein as an antigen for vaccinating against grass carp reovirus. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is the causative pathogen of grass carp hemorrhagic disease, one of the major diseases damaging grass carp ctenopharyngon idellus breeding industry in china. prevention and control of the disease is impeded largely due to the lack of research in economic subunit vaccine development. this study aimed to evaluate the potential of viral outer shell protein vp5 as subunit vaccine. | 2011 | 21418655 |
| inhibition of the replication of grass carp reovirus in cik cells with plasmid-transcribed shrnas. | two dna constructs targeting the grass carp reovirus (gcrv) rna dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene and outer capsid protein (ocp) gene that were each 64bp in length were synthesized chemically and cloned into psilencer2.1-u6 neo plasmid, named psi-rdrp1286 and psi-ocp117, respectively. after transfection of psi-rdrp1286 and psi-ocp117 plasmids into cik cells, the inhibition of gcrv replication in the cells were detected by observing cytopathic effect (cpe), quantitating virus titers (tcid(50)/ ... | 2011 | 21601593 |
| identification, mrna expression and genomic structure of tlr22 and its association with gcrv susceptibility/resistance in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | toll-like receptor 22 (tlr22) plays a crucial role in response to virus infection by recognizing double stranded rna (dsrna) in aquatic animals. in the present study, a tlr22 homologue gene was identified and characterized from grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) (citlr22). citlr22 genomic sequence comprises 4754 base pairs (bp), containing one intron. the cdna sequence consists of 3831bp, encoding a protein of 954 amino acid residues. citlr22 was constitutively expressed in all 15 investigated ... | 2012 | 21914453 |
| Genomic structure of grass carp Mx2 and the association of its polymorphisms with susceptibility/resistance to grass carp reovirus. | Mx (myxovirus-resistant) proteins are induced by interferon and inhibit viral replication in many vertebrates. In the present study, the organization of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Mx2 (CiMx2) gene sequence was elucidated and its single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated to explore their association with susceptibility/resistance to grass carp reovirus (GCRV). The CiMx2 genomic sequence is composed of 8108 bp, containing 12 exons and 11 introns. Exon size ranges from 29 t ... | 2011 | 21967867 |
| card and tm of mavs of black carp play the key role in its self-association and antiviral ability. | mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs) is an adaptor protein of the innate immune system of higher vertebrate. in this paper, the transcription profile of black carp mavs (bcmavs) in host cells in response to spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) and grass carp reovirus (gcrv) infection was identified. epc cells expressing bcmavs possessed obviously enhanced antiviral activity against both svcv and gcrv. immunofluorescence (if) staining data demonstrated that bcmavs molecules were redist ... | 2017 | 28232279 |
| [Molecular properties of grass carp reovirus in southern China and establishment of a duplex PCR detection method]. | A strain of grass carp reovirus was isolated from sick grass carp with symptoms of haemorrhage in Guangdong province in 2009. The strain was tentatively named as GCRV-GD108 because it was isolated from grass carp and possessed 11 segments of dsRNA. Complete genome sequence analysis showed that significant differences existed between GCRV-GD108 and GCRV, as well as other known species of aquareovirus. In this study, molecular characteristics of diseased grass carp collected from different farms i ... | 2011 | 21874906 |
| Complete genomic sequence of a reovirus isolated from grass carp in China. | A reovirus was isolated from sick grass carp in Guangdong, China in 2009, and tentatively named 'grass carp reovirus Guangdong 108 strain' (GCRV-GD108). This reovirus was propagated in grass carp snout fibroblast cell line PSF with no obvious cytopathic effects. Its genome was 24,703bp in length with a 50% G+C content and 11 dsRNA segments encoding 11 proteins instead of 12 proteins. It has been classified as an Aquareovirus (AQRV). Sequence comparisons showed that it possessed only 7 homologous ... | 2011 | 22044618 |
| genomic sequence comparison, promoter activity, snp detection of rig-i gene and association with resistance/susceptibility to grass carp reovirus in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor (prr), retinoic acid-inducible gene-i (rig-i) is responsible for detection of nucleic acids from pathogens in infected cells and activation of type i interferon (ifn). in the present study, the 5'-flanking region, introns and single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of cirig-i (ctenopharyngodon idella rig-i) were identified and characterized. the genomic cirig-i was 12810 bp in length, consisted of an 1864 bp 5'-flank region whose promoter activity ... | 2012 | 23276879 |
| correlation between grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) resistance to grass carp reovirus and the genetic insert-deletion polymorphisms in promoter and intron of rig-i gene. | rig-i (retinoic acid-inducible gene i) is an essential cytosolic pathogen recognition receptor that binds to a variety of viral rna or dna to induce type i interferons. in the present study, insert-deletion polymorphisms in promoter and introns of cirig-i (ctenopharyngodon idella rig-i) were explored, their associations with resistance/susceptibility to grass carp reovirus (gcrv) were analyzed. to this end, genomic sequence of cirig-i gene was obtained, and twenty pairs of primers were prepared ... | 2012 | 23274655 |
| identification and functional analysis of the toll-like receptor 20.2 gene in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella. | we characterized and identified the cdna sequence of toll-like receptor 20.2 in ctenopharyngodon idella (gctlr20.2); it consisted of 3197 bp, with an open reading frame of 2835 bp that encoded a 944 amino acid polypeptide. relatively, high expression levels of gctlr20.2 were observed in the spleen, head kidney, liver and brain tissues, with lower expression levels in the trunk kidney, intestine and heart tissues. in vivo and in vitro, after being challenged with aeromonas hydrophila or grass car ... | 2016 | 27370974 |
| identification and characterization of the tlr18 gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | toll-like receptors (tlrs) play a critical role in the innate immune system. although tlr18 is an important member of this family of receptors in fish, the role of the tlr18 gene in responses to pathogen infection is still unclear. in this study, we identified and characterized the grass carp tlr18 gene (gctlr18) to further clarify the function of tlr18 in teleost fish. gctlr18 spans over 3600 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 852 amino acids. analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence showed tha ... | 2015 | 26439414 |
| [construction and application of bioinformatic analysis platform for aquatic pathogen based on the milkyway-2 supercomputer]. | as a key component of life science, bioinformatics has been widely applied in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. however, the requirement of high-performance computers rather than common personal computers for constructing a bioinformatics platform significantly limited the application of bioinformatics in aquatic science. in this study, we constructed a bioinformatic analysis platform for aquatic pathogen based on the milkyway-2 supercomputer. the platform consisted of three functional ... | 2015 | 26351170 |
| identification of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a potential agent for blocking infection by grass carp reovirus. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv), the representative strain of the species aquareovirus c, serves as a model for studying the pathogenesis of aquareoviruses. previously, epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) was shown to inhibit orthoreovirus infection. the aim of this study was to test its potential in blocking infection by gcrv. we show that adhesion to the cik (ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney) cell surface by gcrv particles is inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by egcg, as well as by a crude extract of ... | 2016 | 26758731 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel reovirus from white bream blicca bjoerkna. | during a fish health inspection in the viennese waterway 'old danube', a virus was isolated exclusively from white bream blicca bjoerkna (l.) (formerly abramis bjoerkna l.), one of the most abundant cyprinids present and not known as a host species for this virus. the virus preferentially replicated in cultures of the epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line where focal plaques of infection developed slowly. examination of infected cell cultures by electron microscopy revealed non-enveloped 60 to ... | 2014 | 25449324 |
| orthoreovirus outer-fiber proteins are substrates for sumo-conjugating enzyme ubc9. | reoviruses are potential anticancer agents due to their ability to induce cell death in tumor cells. grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is one of the best characterized models on reovirus pathogenesis in vitro. however, there is little known about how sumoylation affects reovirus pathogenesis. the sumo conjugating enzyme 9 (ubc9) determines the targets of sumoylation. here, the protein interactions between reovirus outer fiber proteins, specifically gcrv-104 vp55, and ubc9 were probed using a yeast two- ... | 2016 | 27806335 |
| establishment and characterization of a heart-derived cell line from goldfish (carassius auratus). | the goldfish carassius auratus, a freshwater fish in the family cyprinidae, was one of the earliest fish to be domesticated for ornamental purposes. a cell line was established from goldfish heart (gh) tissue to create a biological monitoring tool for viral diseases. the gh cell line was optimally maintained at 25 °c in m199 medium supplemented with 10-20% fetal bovine serum. a chromosomal analysis indicated that the cell line remained diploid, with a mean chromosomal count of 100. in viral inoc ... | 2017 | 28097494 |
| establishment from the snout and kidney of goldfish, carassius auratus, of two new cell lines and their susceptibility to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. | goldfish carassius auratus are commonly used in scientific research and have a significant economic value in the pet trade. in this study, two cell lines were established from the snout and kidney tissue of goldfish, in order to create a biological monitoring tool for viral diseases. cell lines were optimally maintained at 25 °c in m199 medium supplemented with 15-20 % fetal bovine serum. chromosomal analysis indicated that both cell lines remained diploid, with a mean chromosomal count of 100. ... | 2016 | 26419476 |
| in vitro immunocompetence of two compounds isolated from polygala tenuifolia and development of resistance against grass carp reovirus (gcrv) and dactylogyrus intermedius in respective host. | the present study was undertaken to isolate some compounds from methanol extract of polygala tenuifolia and evaluate their immunostimulatory properties and antiviral activity using grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (cik) cells and gcrv. by applying insecticidal bioassay-guided, chromatography techniques and successive recrystallization, two purified compounds were obtained. the changes of expression of selected immune genes (mx1, il-1β, tnfα, myd88 and igm) in c. idella kidney cell lines ... | 2014 | 25450998 |
| prokaryotic expression and immunoassay of grass carp reovirus capsid vp6 protein. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) of the genus aquareovirus and the family reoviridae causes a severe hemorrhagic disease in grass carp fingerlings in china. gcrv genome is composed of 11 double-stranded rna segments, of which segment 8 encodes the major core capsid protein vp6. in this study, the vp6 gene following an rt-pcr-amplification from the gcrv 104 strain was cloned into an expression vector pet-32a to obtain pet-32(a)-vp6. the vp6 protein was expressed in escherichia coli bl21 as a fusion pro ... | 2013 | 24294961 |
| bioinformatics analysis of organizational and expressional characterizations of the ifns, irfs and crfbs in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | interferons (ifns) play crucial roles in the immune response of defense against viral infection and bacteria invasion. in the present study, we systematically identified and characterized the ifns, their regulatory factors (interferon regulatory factors, irfs) and receptors (cytokine receptor family b, crfbs) in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). grass carp ifns can be classified into type i ifn (ifn-i) and type ii ifn (ifn-ii) like other teleosts. ifn-i consist of two groups with two (group ... | 2016 | 27012995 |
| molecular cloning and prokaryotic expression of vp5 gene of grass carp reovirus strain gcrv096. | vp5 is an outer capsid protein of grass carp reovirus (gcrv). it is predicted to involve in helping gcrv enter the host cells. in this study, the full-length vp5 gene (accession number in genbank: jn206664.1) was cloned from gcrv strain gcrv096, which was isolated from diseased grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) in southern china by rt-pcr technique using the primers designed from the known vp5 gene sequences of other strains of gcrv published in genbank. the orf sequence of vp5 is composed of ... | 2013 | 23943413 |
| characterization of grass carp reovirus minor core protein vp4. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv), a tentative member in the genus aquareovirus of family reoviridae, contains eleven segmented (double-stranded rna) dsrna genome which encodes 12 proteins. a low-copy core component protein vp4, encoded by the viral genome segment 5(s5), has been suggested to play a key role in viral genome transcription and replication. | 2012 | 22559058 |
| inhibition of grass carp reovirus infection by dna aptamers against s10 protein. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is one of the most pathogenic agents among aquareovirus isolates and has the ability to cause a severe epidemic outbreak of hemorrhagic disease, thus resulting in both a high mortality rate during the culture of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella and an enormous economic loss. aptamers have been demonstrated to have strong promising applications in antiviral drug development. in the present study, a complementary dna fragment encoding the s10 gene of gcrv was cloned. t ... | 2017 | 28379065 |
| mda5 induces a stronger interferon response than rig-i to gcrv infection through a mechanism involving the phosphorylation and dimerization of irf3 and irf7 in cik cells. | retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) are critical cytosolic sensors that trigger the production of interferons (ifns). though their recognition functions are well identified, their unique roles in the downstream signal transduction remain to be elucidated. herein, we report the differential effect between grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) mda5 (cimda5) and cirig-i on the production of various ifns upon grass carp reovirus (gcrv) infectio ... | 2017 | 28286505 |
| transcriptome data analysis of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) infected by reovirus provides insights into two immune-related genes. | grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) was one of the economically important freshwater fish in china. however, hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (gcrv) results in a tremendous loss in the process of grass carp cultivation. transcriptome analysis could provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in specific biological processes and diseases for the resistance to reovirus infection of grass carp. in this study, the raw data from ncbi (accession number: ... | 2017 | 28279792 |
| differential expression of two c-type lectins in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella and their response to grass carp reovirus. | the cdnas of two c-type lectins in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella, galactose-binding lectin (galbl) and mannose-binding lectin (mbl), were cloned and analysed in this study. both of them exhibited the highest expression level in liver, whereas their expression pattern differed in early phase of embryonic development. following exposure to grass carp reovirus (gcrv), the mrna expression level of galbl and mbl was significantly up-regulated in liver and intestine. | 2016 | 26643267 |
| prediction of gcrv virus-host protein interactome based on structural motif-domain interactions. | grass carp hemorrhagic disease, caused by grass carp reovirus (gcrv), is the most fatal causative agent in grass carp aquaculture. protein-protein interactions between virus and host are one avenue through which gcrv can trigger infection and induce disease. experimental approaches for the detection of host-virus interactome have many inherent limitations, and studies on protein-protein interactions between gcrv and its host remain rare. | 2017 | 28253857 |
| molecular cloning of the march family in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idellus) and their response to grass carp reovirus challenge. | grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idellus) is an economical aquaculture species in china, and the grass carp reovirus (gcrv) that causes hemorrhagic disease seriously affects the grass carp cultivation industry. substantial evidence indicates that there is an association between the membrane-associated ring-ch family of e3 ligase (march) family and immune defense in mammals, while functional studies on non-mammalian march proteins are limited. in order to know the characteristics of the march genes i ... | 2017 | 28232196 |
| magnolol and honokiol from magnolia officinalis enhanced antiviral immune responses against grass carp reovirus in ctenopharyngodon idella kidney cells. | medicinal plants have been widely used for a long history. exploration of pharmacologically active compounds from medicinal plants present a broad prevalent of application. by examining viral mrna expression in gcrv-infected ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (cik) cells treated with thirty kinds of plant extracts, we identified magnolia officinalis rehd et wils. was able to preferably suppress viral replication. further studies demonstrated that the main ingredients of magnolia bark, namely, magnol ... | 2017 | 28232195 |
| deep illumina sequencing reveals conserved and novel micrornas in grass carp in response to grass carp reovirus infection. | the grass carp hemorrhagic disease caused by the grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is a major disease that hampers the development of grass carp aquaculture. the mechanism underlying gcrv pathogenesis and hemorrhagic symptoms is still unknown. micrornas (mirnas) are key regulators involved in various biological processes. the aim of this study was to identify conserved and novel mirnas in grass carp in response to gcrv infection, as well as attempt to reveal the mechanism underlying gcrv pathogenesis a ... | 2017 | 28219339 |
| molecular detection of genotype ii grass carp reovirus based on nucleic acid sequence-based amplification combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (nasba-elisa). | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is the causative agent of the grass carp hemorrhagic disease that has resulted in severe economic losses in the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) farming industry in china. early diagnosis and vaccine administration are important priorities for gcrv control. in this study, a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (nasba-elisa) was developed for to detect genotype ii gcrv (gcrv- ii). primers specifically targeting viral rna g ... | 2017 | 28174075 |
| the distribution of different virulence grass carp reovirus strains in some neglected tissues. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is the causative agent of hemorrhagic disease in infected grass carp. during an outbreak, a mortality rate of up to 85% can be experienced, thus leading to substantial economic losses. the current understanding of disease pathogenesis is limited, with the distribution and dynamics of replication amongst different gcrv strains in vivo largely unknown. we determined distribution of different gcrv strains in infected grass carp, especially in some neglected tissues, such ... | 2016 | 28092614 |
| in vitro antiviral efficacy of moroxydine hydrochloride and ribavirin against grass carp reovirus and giant salamander iridovirus. | moroxydine hydrochloride (mor) and ribavirin (rib) have been reported to exhibit multi-antiviral activities against dna and rna viruses, but their antiviral activities and pharmacologies have seldom been studied in aquaculture. this paper has selected 3 aquatic viruses including a double-stranded rna virus (grass carp reovirus, gcrv), a single-stranded rna virus (spring viraemia of carp virus, svcv) and a dna virus (giant salamander iridovirus, gsiv) for antiviral testing. the results showed tha ... | 2016 | 27786157 |
| mx1 of black carp functions importantly in the antiviral innate immune response. | mx (myxovirus resistance) is an important antiviral protein in the innate immune responses of vertebrates to microbial pathogens. in this study, we cloned and characterized mx1 of black carp (mylopharyngodon piceus). the full-length cdna of black carp mx1 (bcmx1) consists of 2781 nucleotides and the predicted bcmx1 protein contains 631 amino acids. bcmx1 contains a gtpase domain at the n-terminnus, a "central interactive domain" in the middle and a gtpase effector domain at the c-terminus. bcmx1 ... | 2016 | 27717902 |
| functional characterizations and expression profiles of adar2 gene, responsible for rna editing, in response to gcrv challenge in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | adar (adenosine deaminases acting on rna)-mediated adenosine-to-inosine (a-to-i) editing to double-stranded rna (dsrna) is a critical arm of the antiviral response. the present study focused on the structural and functional characterizations of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) adar2 (ciadar2) gene. the complete genomic sequence of ciadar2 is 150,458 bp in length, containing 12 exons and 11 introns. the open reading frame (orf) of 2100 bp encodes a polypeptide of 699 amino acids (aa) which co ... | 2016 | 27514783 |
| characterization, expression analysis and localization pattern of toll-like receptor 1 (tlr1) and toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) genes in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | in this study, the toll-like receptor 1 (tlr1) and toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) genes of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella were cloned and characterized. tlr1 and tlr2 were found to be highly expressed in immune system organs such as spleen, middle kidney and heart kidney. the expression level of tlr1 and tlr2 was found to be up-regulated at the later stage of viral challenge process. moreover, subcellular localization indicated that tlr1 and tlr2 shared similar localization pattern and both of ... | 2016 | 27221024 |
| moroxydine hydrochloride inhibits grass carp reovirus replication and suppresses apoptosis in ctenopharyngodon idella kidney cells. | moroxydine hydrochloride (mor) is known to have multi-antiviral activities against dna and rna viruses but very little information exists on its pharmacology. the paper was undertaken to explore the antiviral response and antiapoptotic mechanism of mor against grass carp reovirus (gcrv) in ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (cik) cells. the results showed that exposing gcrv-infected cell to 6.3 μg ml(-1) of mor for 96 h avoid ca. 50% apoptosis. meanwhile, mor had lower cytotoxicity than ribavirin (r ... | 2016 | 27188236 |
| characterization of grass carp spleen transcriptome during gcrv infection. | the aim of the study was to investigate the grass carp hemorrhagic infection pathway and its key-related genes. grass carp reovirus (gcrv) might cause hemorrhagic disease in grass carps. healthy grass carp fingerlings (n = 60) were divided into control and infected groups. fish in the control group were intraperitoneally (ip) injected with 0.6% fish physiological saline; the infected group received 5,000,000 50% tissue culture infective doses of gcrv 873 standard strain, a double-stranded rna (d ... | 2016 | 27173223 |
| protective immunity of grass carp induced by dna vaccine encoding capsid protein gene (vp7) of grass carp reovirus using bacterial ghost as delivery vehicles. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is one of the most pathogenic aquareovirus and can cause lethal hemorrhagic disease in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). however, management of gcrv infection remains a challenge. therefore, it is necessary to find effective means for the control of its infection. the uses of bacterial ghost (bg, non-living bacteria) as carriers for dna delivery have received considerable attentions in veterinary and human vaccines studies. nevertheless, there is still no report ab ... | 2017 | 28300681 |
| grass carp reovirus ns26 interacts with cellular lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor, litaf. | the nonstructural protein ns26 of grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is encoded by the 11th genomic dsrna segment, homolog of which is not found in orthoreoviruses. the role of ns26 in gcrv pathogenesis is still unclear. previously, grass carp litaf/simple protein was identified as a putative binding partner for ns26 in a yeast two-hybrid screen. here, we further characterized the association between ns26 and litaf using in vivo and in vitro protein interaction assays. soluble gst-ns26 and his6-litaf we ... | 2016 | 27405988 |
| tnf-α is involved in apoptosis triggered by grass carp reovirus infection in vitro. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) infection causes apoptosis in ctenopharyngodon idella kidney cells (cik). however, the cause of gcrv-induced apoptosis and its signaling pathways remain unknown. this study investigated the role of tnf-α-induced capase-8 pathways in mediating gcrv-induced apoptosis in the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). recombinant tnf-α was expressed and purified from escherichia. coli. the western blot assay indicated that tnf-α expression level in kidney and spleen was higher ... | 2016 | 27346157 |
| promoter analysis and transcriptional regulation of a gig2 gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | grass carp reovirus (gcrv)-induced gene 2 (gig2) is recognized as a new antiviral factor involved in response to viral infection. however, little is known about the mechanisms behind the transcriptional regulation of gig2 when infected by virus. in this study, the upstream promoter region of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) gig2 gene (cigig2) was identified by homology cloning strategy. cigig2 promoter sequence was found to be 859 bp in length and contained three scattered ifn-stimulated res ... | 2015 | 25463285 |
| a specific cpg oligodeoxynucleotide induces protective antiviral responses against grass carp reovirus in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella. | cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (odns) show strong immune stimulatory activity in vertebrate, however, they possess specific sequence feature among species. in this study, we screened out an optimal cpg odn sequence for grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), 1670a 5'-tcgaacgttttaacgttttaacgtt-3', from six published sequences and three sequences designed by authors based on grass carp head kidney mononuclear cells and cik (c. idella kidney) cells proliferation. vp4 mrna expression was strongly inhibited ... | 2016 | 26972738 |
| vp5 autocleavage is required for efficient infection by in vitro-recoated aquareovirus particles. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is a member of the genus aquareovirus in the family reoviridae, and contains five core proteins (vp1-vp4 and vp6) and two outer-capsid proteins (vp5 and vp7) in its particle. previous studies have revealed that the outer-capsid proteins of reovirus are responsible for initiating infection, but the mechanism is poorly understood. using baculovirus-expressed vp5 and vp7 to recoat purified cores, in vitro assembly of gcrv was achieved in this study. recoated gcrv (r-gcrv) ... | 2015 | 25742690 |
| characterizations of four toll-like receptor 4s in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idellus and their response to grass carp reovirus infection and lipopolysaccharide stimulation. | in this study, the subcellular localization, tissue distribution and response to grass carp reovirus (gcrv) infection and lipopolysaccharide (lps) stimulation of four grass carp ctenopharyngodon idellus toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) genes were investigated. all four genes were constitutively expressed in all tissues studied, but the subcellular localization and tissue exhibiting the highest expression differed for each protein. following gcrv infection, all the four tlr4s were upregulated in all t ... | 2015 | 25683466 |
| functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes enhance transfection and expression efficiency of plasmid dna in fish cells. | dna vaccines are considered to be the most promising method against infectious diseases in the aquaculture industry. in the present study, we investigated the potency of ammonium group-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) in enhancing the transfection and expression efficiency of plasmid dna (pegfp-vp5) in ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (cik) cells. agarose gel shift assay results show that ammonium group-functionalized carbon nanotubes are able to condense dna in varying degre ... | 2016 | 26950121 |
| development and application of monoclonal antibodies for detection and analysis of aquareoviruses. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) play an important role in detection of aquareoviruses. three mabs against grass carp reovirus (gcrv) were prepared. isotyping revealed that all three mabs were of subclass igg2b. western blot assay showed that all three mabs reacted with gcrv 69 kda protein (the putative vp5). in addition to the 69 kda protein of gcrv, mab 4b6 also recognize a 54 kda protein. all three mabs were used for detecting aquareovirus by western blot assay and indirect immunofluorescence ass ... | 2016 | 26889962 |
| [inactivated vaccine for hemorrhage of grass carp up-regulates the expressions of major immune-related genes in spleen of grass carp]. | to investigate the impact of the injection of inactivated vaccine for hemorrhage of grass carp on the expressions of main immune-related genes in spleen including immunoglobulin m (igm), major histocompatibility complexi(mhc i), interferon i(ifn1), complement 3 (c3), interleukin-1β (il-1β) and intelectin genes. | 2015 | 25652857 |
| disruption of clathrin-dependent trafficking results in the failure of grass carp reovirus cellular entry. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is responsible for viral hemorrhagic disease in cultured grass carp (ctenopharyngon idellus). gcrv is a non-enveloped, double-stranded rna virus in the genus aquareovirus, of the family reoviridae, which encodes seven structural proteins (vp1-vp7) and five nonstructural proteins (ns80, ns38, ns31, ns26, and ns16). to date, the mechanism of gcrv entry into cik ctenopharyngon idellus kidney (cik) cells remains poorly understood. | 2016 | 26878859 |
| laminin receptor is an interacting partner for viral outer capsid protein vp5 in grass carp reovirus infection. | grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is responsible for viral hemorrhagic disease in cultured grass carp ctenopharyngon idellus. through yeast two-hybrid screen, laminin receptor (lamr) was identified as a potential interacting partner for the outer capsid protein vp5 of gcrv. we cloned and sequenced the gene encoding grass carp lamr. viral attachment assay demonstrated the involvement of membrane-associated lamr in gcrv infection. solid-phase overlay assays demonstrated that gcrv interacted with gst-tagg ... | 2016 | 26848829 |
| grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella fibulin-4 as a potential interacting partner for grass carp reovirus outer capsid proteins. | mammalian egf containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 2 (fibulin-4/efemp2), an extracellular matrix(ecm) protein and a member of the fibulin family, is involved in elastic fiber formation, connective tissue development and some human diseases. in a yeast-two hybrid screening of host proteins interacting with outer capsid protein of grass carp reovirus (gcrv), a grass carp homologue of fibulin-4 (designated as gcfibulin-4) is suggested to hold the potential to bind vp7, vp56 and vp55 ... | 2016 | 26626583 |
| fish reovirus gcrev-109 vp33 protein elicits protective immunity in rare minnows. | grass carp reovirus strain 109 (gcrev-109) was previously isolated from a grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idellus) with hemorrhagic disease, and its complete genome has been sequenced. however, the infectivity of gcrev-109 has not been studied, and the viral protein vp33, encoded on genome segment s11, had no detectable sequence homology to other known reovirus proteins. in this study, we characterized gcrev-109 infections in vivo and in vitro, as well as the vp33 protein. infectivity analysis show ... | 2016 | 26615551 |
| cloning, characterization and expression analysis of coagulation factor ii gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | here, we characterized the structure and function of the coagulation factor ii (fii) gene in grass carp and determined its role in coagulation mechanisms. the fii gene est was obtained using a constructed splenic transcriptome database; the full-length fii gene sequence was obtained by 3' and 5' race. the open reading frame (orf) of fii was cloned and the full-length gene was found to be 1718 bp, with an orf of 1572 bp; the gene contained a 25 bp 5'-untranslated region (utr) and 108 bp 3'-utr. t ... | 2015 | 26535692 |
| the protective immunity against grass carp reovirus in grass carp induced by a dna vaccination using single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery vehicles. | to reduce the lethal hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (gcrv) and improve the production of grass carp, efficient and economic prophylactic measure against gcrv is the most pressing desired for the grass carp farming industry. in this work, a novel swcnts-pegfp-vp5 dna vaccine linked vp5 recombinant in the form of plasmid pegfp-vp5 and ammonium-functionalized swcnts by a chemical modification method was prepared to enhance the efficacy of a vp5 dna vaccine against gcrv in juvenil ... | 2015 | 26497092 |
| expression pattern and transcriptional regulatory mechanism of noxa gene in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella). | noxa, a pro-apoptotic protein, plays an important role in cell apoptosis. the researches about noxa gene were concentrated in mammalians, whereas the role and transcriptional regulatory mechanism of noxa in fish were still unclear. in this study, the expression pattern and transcriptional regulatory mechanism of noxa gene in grass carp were analyzed. noxa was constitutively expressed in all the examined tissues but the relative expression level differed. after exposure to grass carp reovirus (gc ... | 2015 | 26453794 |
| genetic variations of body weight and gcrv resistance in a random mating population of grass carp. | the grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idellus) is an important species in freshwater aquaculture both in china and on a global scale. variety degeneration and frequent diseases have limited the further development of grass carp aquaculture. thus, new and improved varieties are required. here, we identified and assessed the body weight and disease resistance in a random mating population of 19 â × 22 â grass carp, which were derived from different water systems. in both the growth experimental gro ... | 2015 | 26439690 |
| immunization with recombinant baculovirus expressing the vp6 protein of grass carp reovirus induces immunity in grass carp. | | 2014 | 25160762 |