| characterization of the influenza a virus gene pool in avian species in southern china: was h6n1 a derivative or a precursor of h5n1? | in 1997, an h5n1 influenza virus outbreak occurred in chickens in hong kong, and the virus was transmitted directly to humans. because there is limited information about the avian influenza virus reservoir in that region, we genetically characterized virus strains isolated in hong kong during the 1997 outbreak. we sequenced the gene segments of a heterogeneous group of viruses of seven different serotypes (h3n8, h4n8, h6n1, h6n9, h11n1, h11n9, and h11n8) isolated from various bird species. the p ... | 2000 | 10864640 |
| surveillance of avian influenza viruses in northern pintails (anas acuta) in tohoku district, japan. | among winter migratory waterfowl, northern pintails (anas acuta), in one of the largest flocks in tohoku district, northeast japan, were surveyed for influenza a viruses at five wintering sites in three prefectures, viz., aomori, akita, and miyagi. a total of 38 influenza a viruses were isolated from 2066 fecal samples collected during november 2006 through march 2007. the overall isolation rate was 1.84%. eleven different subtypes were isolated, including nine h5n2, seven h6n8, seven h10n1, fou ... | 2008 | 18459295 |
| an avian influenza a(h11n1) virus from a wild aquatic bird revealing a unique eurasian-american genetic reassortment. | influenza surveillance in different wild bird populations is critical for understanding the persistence, transmission and evolution of these viruses. avian influenza (ai) surveillance was undertaken in wild migratory and resident birds during the period 2007-2008, in view of the outbreaks of highly pathogenic ai (hpai) h5n1 in poultry in india since 2006. in this study, we present the whole genome sequence data along with the genetic and virological characterization of an influenza a(h11n1) viru ... | 2010 | 20440548 |
| Isolation, identification, and phylogenetic analysis of reassortant low-pathogenic avian influenza virus H3N1 from Pakistan. | During routine avian influenza surveillance in Pakistan, a low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAI) subtype H3N1 was isolated for the first time from domestic chickens. The higher seroprevalence of H3N1 was recorded in both commercial and domestic poultry in ecological zones of Pakistan where the geographical proximity with neighboring countries and attractive birding sites provide better opportunities for frequent movements of wild and migratory birds, and their intermingling with the local ... | 2012 | 22184438 |
| evaluation of different inactivation methods for high and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in egg-fluids for antigen preparation. | in view of the emerging avian influenza (ai) viruses, it is important to study the susceptibility of ai viruses to inactivating agents for preparation of antigens and inactivated vaccines. the available information on susceptibility of both the high and low pathogenic ai viruses to different inactivating agents is inadequate and ambiguous. it has been shown that different subtypes of influenza viruses require different physical and chemical conditions for inactivation of infectivity. the present ... | 2015 | 25997377 |
| pathogenicity of avian influenza h11n1 virus isolated from wild aquatic bird eurasian spoonbill (platalea leucorodia). | | 2014 | 25027092 |
| serologic evidence of avian influenza virus infections among nigerian agricultural workers. | nigeria has had multiple incursions of highly pathogenic avian influenza a (hpai) h5n1 virus into its poultry population since 2006. this study aimed to determine if nigerians exposed to poultry had evidence of avian influenza virus transmission to man. between 2008 and 2010, 316 adult farmers and open market workers and 54 age-group matched, non-animal exposed controls were enrolled in a prospective, population-based study of zoonotic influenza transmission in four towns in southeastern nigeria ... | 2013 | 23400898 |
| receptor specificity and erythrocyte binding preferences of avian influenza viruses isolated from india. | hemagglutination (ha) and hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assays are conventionally used for detection and identification of influenza viruses. hi assay is also used for detection of antibodies against influenza viruses. primarily turkey or chicken erythrocytes [red blood cells (rbcs)] are used in these assays, as they are large, nucleated, and sediment fast, which makes it easy to determine the titer. human influenza viruses agglutinate rbcs from chicken, human, and guinea pig, but not from ho ... | 2012 | 23110802 |
| non structural protein of avian influenza a (h11n1) virus is a weaker suppressor of immune responses but capable of inducing apoptosis in host cells. | the non-structural (ns1) protein of influenza a viruses is an extensively studied multifunctional protein which is commonly considered as key viral component to fight against host immune responses. even though there has been a lot of studies on the involvement of ns1 protein in host immune responses there are still ambiguities regarding its role in apoptosis in infected cells. interactions of ns1 protein with host factors, role of ns1 protein in regulating cellular responses and apoptosis are qu ... | 2012 | 22866982 |