| complete genome analysis of the mandarin fish infectious spleen and kidney necrosis iridovirus. | the nucleotide sequence of the infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (isknv) genome was determined and found to comprise 111,362 bp with a g+c content of 54.78%. it contained 124 potential open reading frames (orfs) with coding capacities ranging from 40 to 1208 amino acids. the analysis of the amino acid sequences deduced from the individual orfs revealed that 35 of the 124 potential gene products of isknv show significant homology to functionally characterized proteins of other species. ... | 2001 | 11878882 |
| antigenic characterization of a marine fish iridovirus from grouper, epinephelus spp. | iridoviruses, recognized as causative agents of serious systemic diseases, have been identified from more than 20 fish species. antigenic properties of a pathogenic iridovirus isolated from grouper, epinephelus spp., in singapore (sgiv) were investigated using rabbit igg against the virus. antisera were prepared by immunization of rabbit with purified virions. the rabbit igg was purified from antiserum using a protein a-agarose column and adsorbed onto acetone-dried grouper (gp) cells. the viral ... | 2002 | 12367733 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to a grouper iridovirus. | a panel of six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against a grouper iridovirus (sgiv) were produced by immunization of balb/c mice with purified virus preparations. isotyping test revealed all the mabs were igg1. none of the mabs possessed the ability to neutralize sgiv in cell cultures. western blot showed that 4 mabs reacted with 2 sgiv proteins at molecular mass of approximately 100 and 117 kda in gradient-purified virus. immunofluorescent studies showed that the two specific viral proteins vp100 a ... | 2003 | 12505628 |
| characterization of a novel ranavirus isolated from grouper epinephelus tauvina. | a large icosahedral virus was isolated from diseased grouper epinephelus tauvina. the virus grew well in several cultured fish cell lines, with stable and high infectivity after serial passages in grouper cell line (gp). the virus was sensitive to both acid and heat treatments. virus replication was inhibited by 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (iudr), indicative of a dna-containing genome. the virus infectivity was reduced with ether treatment, suggesting that the virus was lipid-enveloped. electron micro ... | 2003 | 12608562 |
| establishment of cell lines from a tropical grouper, epinephelus awoara (temminck & schlegel), and their susceptibility to grouper irido- and nodaviruses. | four tropical marine fish cell lines have been established from the eye, fin, heart and swim bladder of grouper, epinephelus awoara (temminck & schlegel). optimum media and temperature conditions for maximum growth were standardized. the eye and swim bladder cells were mostly epithelial, but the fin and heart cells were mostly fibroblastic. the viability of cells was 95% after 1 year of storage in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees c). besides these four cell lines, previously established grouper bra ... | 2003 | 12962209 |
| antiviral properties of hemocyanin isolated from shrimp penaeus monodon. | penaeid shrimp aquaculture has suffered from many diseases, especially from viral origin such as white spot syndrome virus (wssv). in an attempt to obtain antiviral-relevant proteins, two peptides with molecular masses at 73 and 75kda were isolated from shrimp penaeus monodon using affinity chromatography coupled with the purified wssv or a fish iridovirus (singapore grouper iridovirus, sgiv), and identified as hemocyanin by mass spectrometry. the results, using fish viruses capable of cell cult ... | 2004 | 14670582 |
| in situ hybridization of a marine fish virus, singapore grouper iridovirus with a nucleic acid probe of major capsid protein. | a dna probe of 531 base pairs for singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) was generated by polymerase chain reaction and labeled with nonradioactive digoxigenin. an in situ hybridization based method was developed to detect sgiv in formalin-fixed tissues from maricultured malabar grouper, epinephelus malabaricus bloch and schneider. the in situ hybridization detected sgiv in the kidney, spleen, liver, intestine, stomach and gills from naturally infected fish. strong hybridization signals were obtain ... | 2004 | 15041208 |
| identification and characterization of a novel gene of grouper iridovirus encoding a purine nucleoside phosphorylase. | purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pnp) is a key enzyme in the purine salvage pathway. it catalyses the reversible phosphorolysis of purine (2'-deoxy)ribonucleosides to free bases and (2'-deoxy)ribose 1-phosphates. here, a novel piscine viral pnp gene that was identified from grouper iridovirus (giv), a causative agent of an epizootic fish disease, is reported. this putative giv pnp gene encodes a protein of 285 aa with a predicted molecular mass of 30 332 da and shows high similarity to the human ... | 2004 | 15448350 |
| a systemic iridoviral disease in mullet, mugil cephalus l., and tiger grouper, epinephelus fuscoguttatus forsskal: a first report and study. | a systemic iridoviral disease associated with high mortality was initially recognized in cultured mullet, mugil cephalus l., and tiger grouper, epinephelus fuscoguttatus forsskal, by histopathology and transmission electron microscopy. polymerase chain reaction was performed on tissues and viral isolates, using four published primer sets developed for the red sea bream iridovirus (rsiv). an indirect fluorescent antibody test was also performed on virus-infected atcc gruntfin (gf) and seabass, la ... | 2004 | 15575877 |
| complete genome sequence of the grouper iridovirus and comparison of genomic organization with those of other iridoviruses. | the complete dna sequence of grouper iridovirus (giv) was determined using a whole-genome shotgun approach on virion dna. the circular form genome was 139,793 bp in length with a 49% g + c content. it contained 120 predicted open reading frames (orfs) with coding capacities ranging from 62 to 1,268 amino acids. a total of 21% (25 of 120) of giv orfs are conserved in the other five sequenced iridovirus genomes, including dna replication, transcription, nucleotide metabolism, protein modification, ... | 2005 | 15681403 |
| development of a flow cytometry based method for rapid and sensitive detection of a novel marine fish iridovirus in cell culture. | a sensitive and accurate flow cytometry (fcm) based method has been developed to detect and quantitate a novel marine fish iridovirus (singapore grouper iridovirus, sgiv) after amplification in cell cultures. confluent grouper cell (gp) monolayers were infected with sgiv. when advanced cytopathic effect (cpe) appeared, the cell cultures were fixed and permeabilized, and then reacted with monoclonal antibodies specific against sgiv, followed by a second antibody conjugated with fitc (anti-mouse i ... | 2005 | 15737416 |
| complete genome sequence analysis of an iridovirus isolated from the orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | orange-spotted grouper iridovirus (osgiv) was the causative agent of serious systemic diseases with high mortality in the cultured orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. here we report the complete genome sequence of osgiv. the osgiv genome consists of 112,636 bp with a g+c content of 54%. 121 putative open reading frames (orf) were identified with coding capacities for polypeptides varying from 40 to 1168 amino acids. the majority of osgiv shared homologies to other iridovirus genes. phy ... | 2005 | 15964605 |
| development and characterization of a new tropical marine fish cell line from grouper, epinephelus coioides susceptible to iridovirus and nodavirus. | the development and characterization of a new tropical marine fish cell line (gs), derived from the spleen of orange spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides is described. the gs cells grow well in leibovitz's l-15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum, and have been subcultured more than 200 times. the optimal growth temperature was 27 degrees c. the gs cell culture consisted of mostly fibroblastic cells. the modal diploid chromosome number was 48. gs cell cultures showed advanced cytop ... | 2006 | 16137774 |
| proteomic studies of the singapore grouper iridovirus. | the singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) genome consists of a double-stranded circular dna of 140,131 base pairs with 162 predicted open reading frames. our earlier study using peptide mass fingerprints generated from maldi-tof ms led to the identification of 26 viral proteins. the present investigation aimed to achieve a more comprehensive and precise identification of the sgiv viral proteome by two workflows: one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1-de) separation followed by protein identificati ... | 2006 | 16263702 |
| temporal and differential gene expression of singapore grouper iridovirus. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv), an iridovirus in the genus ranavirus, is a major pathogen that results in significant economic losses in grouper aquaculture. to investigate further its infective mechanisms, for the first time, a viral dna microarray was generated for the sgiv genome to measure the expression of its predicted open reading frames simultaneously in vitro. by using the viral dna microarray, the temporal gene expression of sgiv was characterized and the dna microarray data were ... | 2006 | 16963749 |
| molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of a marine fish infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus-like (isknv-like) virus. | infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus-like (isknv-like) virus causes a serious systemic disease with high morbidity and mortality of freshwater and marine fishes. based on the isknv putative major capsid protein (mcp), the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), the mrna capping enzyme (capping), and the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein (tnfr) genes, primers were designed and used in pcr to determine the host range of isknv-like viruses. from the sampling of >1600 marin ... | 2007 | 17131065 |
| comparative genomic analysis of the family iridoviridae: re-annotating and defining the core set of iridovirus genes. | members of the family iridoviridae can cause severe diseases resulting in significant economic and environmental losses. very little is known about how iridoviruses cause disease in their host. in the present study, we describe the re-analysis of the iridoviridae family of complex dna viruses using a variety of comparative genomic tools to yield a greater consensus among the annotated sequences of its members. | 2007 | 17239238 |
| iridovirus bcl-2 protein inhibits apoptosis in the early stage of viral infection. | the grouper iridovirus (giv) belongs to the family iridoviridae, whose genome contains an antiapoptotic b-cell lymphoma (bcl)-2-like gene. this study was carried-out to understand whether giv blocks apoptosis in its host. uv-irradiated grouper kidney (gk) cells underwent apoptosis. however, a dna fragmentation assay of uv-exposed gk cells after giv infection revealed an inhibition of apoptosis. the uv- or heat-inactivated giv failed to inhibit apoptosis, implying that a gene or protein of the vi ... | 2008 | 17955372 |
| identification and characterization of a putative lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-alpha factor (litaf) homolog from singapore grouper iridovirus. | lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-alpha factor (litaf), a transcription factor, can regulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) transcription. here, a novel litaf homolog encoded by singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv litaf) was identified and characterized. the putative sgiv litaf encoded a protein of 104 amino acids (aa) with a predicted molecular mass of 11.6 kda. reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and western blot analyses of sgiv-infected cells revealed that sgiv litaf was an early viral g ... | 2008 | 18554501 |
| itraq analysis of singapore grouper iridovirus infection in a grouper embryonic cell line. | we report, here, the first proteomics study of a grouper embryonic cell line (gec) infected by singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). the differential proteomes of gec with and without viral infection were studied and quantified with itraq labelling followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). forty-nine viral proteins were recognized, of which 11 were identified for the first time. moreover, 743 host proteins were revealed and classified into 218 unique protein groups. f ... | 2008 | 18931085 |
| characterization of apoptosis induced by grouper iridovirus in two newly established cell lines from barramundi, lates calcarifer (bloch). | two new cell lines have been established from the muscle and swim bladder tissues of barramundi, lates calcarifer, and designated as bm (barramundi muscle) and bsb (barramundi swimbladder), respectively. the cells multiplied well at 28 degrees c in leibovitz's l-15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum, and have been continuously subcultured more than 100 times to date. morphologically, bm cells were mostly fibroblastic, whereas bsb were mostly epithelial. both cell lines were suscept ... | 2008 | 19238757 |
| complete sequence determination of a novel reptile iridovirus isolated from soft-shelled turtle and evolutionary analysis of iridoviridae. | soft-shelled turtle iridovirus (stiv) is the causative agent of severe systemic diseases in cultured soft-shelled turtles (trionyx sinensis). to our knowledge, the only molecular information available on stiv mainly concerns the highly conserved stiv major capsid protein. the complete sequence of the stiv genome is not yet available. therefore, determining the genome sequence of stiv and providing a detailed bioinformatic analysis of its genome content and evolution status will facilitate furthe ... | 2009 | 19439104 |
| characterization of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) orf086r, a putative homolog of icp18 involved in cell growth control and virus replication. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv), as a causative agent of serious systemic disease, causes significant economic losses in grouper aquaculture. in this study, a novel icp18 homolog encoded by sgiv orf086r was identified and characterized. strikingly, icp18 homologs can be found in all ranaviruses, but not in other sequenced large dna viruses. sgiv icp18 is an immediate-early gene and begins to be transcribed as early as 2 h post-infection (p.i.). western blotting indicated that sgiv icp18 is t ... | 2009 | 19629635 |
| ranavirus phylogeny and differentiation based on major capsid protein, dna polymerase and neurofilament triplet h1-like protein genes. | in this study, we developed new methods for differentiation of ranaviruses based on polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis of dna polymerase and neurofilament triplet h1-like (nf-h1) protein gene. using these methods, we were able to differentiate the 6 known ranaviruses--bohle iridovirus (biv), european catfish virus (ecv), epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv), european sheatfish virus (esv), frog virus 3 (fv3) and singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv)--with 3 less ch ... | 2009 | 19694168 |
| identification and characterization of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) orf162l, an immediate-early gene involved in cell growth control and viral replication. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) is a major pathogen resulting in heavy economic losses to grouper aquaculture. in this study, sgiv orf162l encoding a putative homolog of icp46 was identified and characterized. interestingly, icp46 could be found in all sequenced iridoviruses and is considered as a core gene of the family iridoviridae. sgiv icp46 was classified as an immediate-early (ie) gene during in vitro infection using drug inhibition analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reac ... | 2010 | 19800375 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a c-type lectin (ec-ctl) in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | c-type lectins play crucial roles in pathogen recognition, innate immunity, and cell-cell interactions. in this study, a new c-type lectin (ec-ctl) gene was cloned from grouper, epinephelus coioides by expressed sequence tag (est) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna of ec-ctl was composed of 840 bp with a 651 bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes a 216-residue protein. the deduced amino acid sequence of ec-ctl possessed all conserved features crucial for the ... | 2010 | 19879363 |
| a new marine megalocytivirus from spotted knifejaw, oplegnathus punctatus, and its pathogenicity to freshwater mandarinfish, siniperca chuatsi. | megalocytivirus is a newly defined piscine iridovirus and has been shown to be an important causative agent of viral diseases in fish. here, a new megalocytivirus strain, designated skiv-zj07, was isolated from spotted knifejaw (oplegnathus punctatus) using a mandarinfish fry cell line (mff-1). phylogenetic analysis of the major capsid protein and atpase genes showed that skiv-zj07 was most similar to the orange-spotted grouper iridovirus (osgiv) from china and a u1 strain red sea bream iridovir ... | 2010 | 19895861 |
| establishment, characterization, virus susceptibility and transfection of cell lines from cobia, rachycentron canadum (l.), brain and fin. | establishment and characterization of two cobia, rachycentron canadum, cell lines derived from cobia brain (cb) and cobia fin (cf) are described. caudal fin and brain from juvenile cobia were dissociated for 30 and 10 min, respectively, in phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.25% trypsin at 25 degrees c. the optimal culture condition for both dissociated cells (primary cell culture) was at 28 degrees c in leibovitz-15 medium containing 10% foetal bovine serum. the cells have been sub-cultured ... | 2010 | 19925591 |
| iridovirus infections in finfish - critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses. | viruses in three genera of the family iridoviridae (iridoviruses) affect finfish. ranaviruses and megalocytiviruses are recently emerged pathogens. both cause severe systemic disease, occur globally and affect a diversity of hosts. in contrast, lymphocystiviruses cause superficial lesions and rarely cause economic loss. the ranavirus epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) from australia was the first iridovirus to cause epizootic mortality in finfish. like other ranaviruses, it lacks hos ... | 2010 | 20050967 |
| structure of grouper iridovirus purine nucleoside phosphorylase. | purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pnp) catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of purine ribonucleosides to the corresponding free bases and ribose 1-phosphate. the crystal structure of grouper iridovirus pnp (givpnp), corresponding to the first pnp gene to be found in a virus, was determined at 2.4 a resolution. the crystals belonged to space group r3, with unit-cell parameters a = 193.0, c = 105.6 a, and contained four protomers per asymmetric unit. the overall structure of givpnp shows high si ... | 2010 | 20124695 |
| identification and characterization of a novel capsid protein encoded by singapore grouper iridovirus orf038l. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) is an important pathogen isolated from grouper, epinephelus tauvina, and characterized as a novel ranavirus. to better understand the function of viral structural genes involved in sgiv infection and virus-host interactions, a candidate gene, vp38 (orf038l), was investigated in this study. sgiv vp38 was found to encode a 170-aa peptide containing an rgd motif, and it showed significant identity only to members of the genus iridovirus, family iridoviridae, exce ... | 2010 | 20130938 |
| identification of the vp92r gene from infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus. | megalocytiviruses, which belong to the family iridoviridae, are among the most harmful viruses to cultured fishes. infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (isknv) is the type species of the megalocytivirus genus. the genome of isknv was sequenced and annotated by he et al. (virology 291:126-139, 2001) in 2001 and re-annotated by eaton et al. (virol. j. 4:11, 2007) in 2007. the orf092r of isknv was identified in the annotations of he et al. but was not reported by eaton et al. in this study, ... | 2010 | 20577793 |
| complete genome sequence of a megalocytivirus (family iridoviridae) associated with turbot mortality in china. | turbot reddish body iridovirus (trbiv) causes serious systemic diseases with high mortality in the cultured turbot, scophthalmus maximus. we here sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of trbiv, which was identified in shandong province, china. | 2010 | 20630106 |
| establishment and characterization of a new marine fish cell line derived from red-spotted grouper epinephelus akaara. | a new marine fish cell line, eagl, derived from the liver of red-spotted grouper epinephelus akaara was established and characterized. the cells multiplied well in minimum essential medium (mem) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (fbs) at temperatures between 25 and 30° c. the growth rate of this cell line increased as the proportion of fbs increased from 5 to 20% at 25° c, with maximum growth at the concentration of 15 or 20% fbs. morphologically, the cells were epithelial-like and the p ... | 2010 | 21039492 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) ilf2 gene (ecilf2). | interleukin-2 enhancer binding factor 2 (ilf2), also named as nuclear factor 45 (nf45), plays important roles in regulating interleukin-2 expression in mammals. in the present study, a novel ilf2 gene (designated ecilf2) was cloned and well characterized from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ecilf2 cdna is composed of 1544 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 387 amino acids with 98% identity to ilf2 of atlantic salmon. the genomic dna of ecilf2 consists of 14 exons and 1 ... | 2010 | 21109006 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of two novel hepcidins from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides is one of the most important economic species of marine-cultured fish in china and southeast asia countries. however, very little information of the innate immune mechanisms against microbial pathogens is available in grouper, epinephelus sp. hepcidin, as an antimicrobial peptide (amp), is a very important component in the innate immune system and widespread in fish. in this study, two novel types of hepcidin gene (designated ec-hepcidin1 and ec-hepci ... | 2010 | 21145974 |
| identification and functional characterization of an interferon regulatory factor 7-like (irf7-like) gene from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | interferon regulatory factor (irf) 7 plays a crucial role in modulating cellular responses to viral infection and cytokines, including interferons (ifns). in the present study, a novel irf7 gene (designated as ecirf7) was cloned and characterized from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ecirf7 cdna is composed of 2089 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 433 amino acids with 81% identity to irf7 of siniperca chuatsi, and the genomic dna of ecirf7 consists of 9 exons and 8 in ... | 2011 | 21295068 |
| roles of stress-activated protein kinases in the replication of singapore grouper iridovirus and regulation of the inflammatory responses in grouper cells. | stress-activated protein kinases (sapks), including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 mapk) and c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), are usually activated in response to different environmental stimuli, including virus infection. in the present study, the roles of sapks during singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) infection were investigated in fish cells. the results showed that increased phosphorylation of jnk1/2 and p38 mapk occurred during active replication of sgiv in grouper cell cultures. ... | 2011 | 21402598 |
| proteomic analysis of singapore grouper iridovirus envelope proteins and characterization of a novel envelope protein vp088. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) is an enveloped virus causing heavy economic losses to marine fish culture. the envelope fractions of sgiv were separated from the purified virions by triton x-100 treatment, and subjected to 1-de-maldi-tof/tof-ms/ms and lc-maldi-tof/tof-ms/ms analysis. a total of 19 virus-encoded envelope proteins were identified in this study and 73.7% (13/17) of them were predicted to be membrane proteins. three viral envelope proteins were uniquely identified by 1-de-maldi ... | 2011 | 21538879 |
| identification of a novel marine fish virus, singapore grouper iridovirus-encoded micrornas expressed in grouper cells by solexa sequencing. | micrornas (mirnas) are ubiquitous non-coding rnas that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. an increasing number of studies has revealed that viruses can also encode mirnas, which are proposed to be involved in viral replication and persistence, cell-mediated antiviral immune response, angiogenesis, and cell cycle regulation. singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) is a pathogenic iridovirus that has severely affected grouper aquaculture in china and southeast asia. comprehens ... | 2011 | 21559453 |
| singapore grouper iridovirus, a large dna virus, induces nonapoptotic cell death by a cell type dependent fashion and evokes erk signaling. | virus induced cell death, including apoptosis and nonapoptotic cell death, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv), a novel iridovirus of genus ranavirus, causes high mortality and heavy economic losses in grouper aquaculture. here, using fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy and biochemical assays, we found that sgiv infection in host (grouper spleen, eags) cells evoked nonapoptotic programmed cell death (pcd), characterized by app ... | 2011 | 21656148 |
| a new leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 from marine fish grouper, epinephelus coioides: molecular cloning and expression analysis. | leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (lect2) is a multifunctional protein involved in cell growth, differentiation and autoimmunity. in this study, a new leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (eclect2) gene was cloned from grouper, epinephelus coioides, by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna sequence of eclect2 was 595 bp in size, containing a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 44 bp and a 3'-utr of 83 bp. the deduced protein sequence of the open reading frame (465 bp) sh ... | 2011 | 21763428 |
| establishment and characterization of a new cell line derived from kidney of grouper, epinephelus akaara (temminck & schlegel), susceptible to singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). | a marine fish cell line derived from the kidney of red-spotted grouper, epinephelus akaara, designated as eagk was established and characterized. the eagk cells multiplied well in leibovitz's l-15 medium containing 10% foetal bovine serum at 25ôçâ-¦c and have been subcultured for more than 90 passages. karyotyping, chromosomal typing and ribosomal rna (rrna) genotyping analysis revealed that eagk had a modal diploid chromosome number of 82 and was a fibroblast cell line originated from grouper. ... | 2011 | 21838711 |
| novel histone h3 binding protein orf158l from the singapore grouper iridovirus. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv), a major pathogen of concern for grouper aquaculture, has a double-stranded dna (dsdna) genome with 162 predicted open reading frames, for which a total of 62 sgiv proteins have been identified. one of these, orf158l, bears no sequence homology to any other known protein. knockdown of orf158l using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides resulted in a significant decrease in virus yield in grouper embryonic cells. orf158l was observed in nuclei and virus assembl ... | 2011 | 21715494 |
| transcriptome analysis of orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) spleen in response to singapore grouper iridovirus. | orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) is an economically important marine fish cultured in china and southeast asian countries. the emergence of infectious viral diseases, including iridovirus and betanodavirus, have severely affected food products based on this species, causing heavy economic losses. limited available information on the genomics of e. coioides has hampered the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie host-virus interactions. in this study, we used a 454 p ... | 2011 | 22078027 |
| entry of a novel marine dna virus, singapore grouper iridovirus, into host cells occurs via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis in a ph-dependent manner. | iridoviruses are nucleocytoplasmic dna viruses which cause great economic losses in the aquaculture industry but also show significant threat to global biodiversity. however, a lack of host cells has resulted in poor progress in clarifying iridovirus behavior. we investigated the crucial events during virus entry using a combination of single-virus tracking and biochemical assays, based on the established virus-cell infection model for singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). sgiv infection in host ... | 2014 | 25165116 |
| visualization of assembly intermediates and budding vacuoles of singapore grouper iridovirus in grouper embryonic cells. | iridovirid infection is associated with the catastrophic loss in aquaculture industry and the population decline of wild amphibians and reptiles, but none of the iridovirid life cycles have been well explored. here, we report the detailed visualization of the life cycle of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) in grouper cells by cryo-electron microscopy (cryoem) and tomography (et). em imaging revealed that sgiv viral particles have an outer capsid layer, and the interaction of this layer with ce ... | 2016 | 26727547 |
| functional genomics analysis of singapore grouper iridovirus: complete sequence determination and proteomic analysis. | here we report the complete genome sequence of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). sequencing of the random shotgun and restriction endonuclease genomic libraries showed that the entire sgiv genome consists of 140,131 nucleotide bp. one hundred sixty-two open reading frames (orfs) from the sense and antisense dna strands, coding for lengths varying from 41 to 1,268 amino acids, were identified. computer-assisted analyses of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that 77 of the orfs exhibited ... | 0 | 15507645 |
| isolation and function analysis of apolipoprotein a-i gene response to virus infection in grouper. | apolipoproteins, synthesized mainly in liver and intestine and bounded to lipids, play important roles in lipid transport and uptake through the circulation system. in this study, an apolipoprotein a-i gene homologue was cloned from orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides (designed as ec-apoa-i) by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna of ec-apoa-i was comprised of 1278 bp with a 792 bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes a putative protein of 264 amino acids. q ... | 2015 | 25613342 |
| megalocytiviruses. | the genus megalocytivirus, represented by red sea bream iridovirus (rsiv), the first identified and one of the best characterized megalocytiviruses, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (isknv), the type species of the genus, and numerous other isolates, is the newest genus within the family iridoviridae. viruses within this genus are causative agents of severe disease accompanied by high mortality in multiple species of marine and freshwater fish. to date outbreaks of megalocytivirus-ind ... | 2012 | 22590684 |
| a novel quantitative immunomagnetic reduction assay for nervous necrosis virus. | rapid, sensitive, and automatic detection platforms are among the major approaches of controlling viral diseases in aquaculture. an efficient detection platform permits the monitoring of pathogen spread and helps to enhance the economic benefits of commercial aquaculture. nervous necrosis virus (nnv), the cause of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy, is among the most devastating aquaculture viruses that infect marine fish species worldwide. in the present study, a highly sensitive magnetoreduc ... | 2012 | 22855375 |
| ttrap is a critical factor in grouper immune response to virus infection. | ttrap (traf and tnf receptor-associated protein) is latest identified cytosolic protein that serves as a negative regulator for tnf signaling pathway. in this study, a member of tnf superfamily, ttrap gene (designed as ecttrap) was cloned from grouper, epinephelus coioides. there was an exo_endo_phos type domain in ecttrap, and it was well conserved when compared with other ttraps, especially the endonuclease activity related motifs. ecttrap exhibited prominent endonuclease activity against the ... | 2015 | 26172204 |
| identification and characterization of trp14, a thioredoxin-related protein of 14 kda from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | thioredoxin (abbreviated as trx) is an important ubiquitous disulfide reductase, which can protect organisms against various oxidative stresses. in the present study, a thioredoxin-related protein of 14 kda (named as ec-trp14) was identified from the marine fish grouper, epinephelus coioides by race pcr. the full-length cdna of ec-trp14 was comprised of 1066 bp with a 372 bp open reading frame that encodes a putative protein of 123 amino acids. similar to most trp14s, ec-trp14 contained the cons ... | 2013 | 23994424 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of a thioredoxin from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). | thioredoxins (trxs) are a family of small, highly conserved proteins that are essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. in this study, a thioredoxin gene was cloned from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides (designated as ec-trx). the full-length cdna of ec-trx was comprised of 767bp with a 327bp open reading frame that encodes a putative protein of 108 amino acids. quantitative real-time pcr analysis revealed that the ec-trx mrna was distributed abundantly in grouper, e. co ... | 2012 | 22595860 |
| differential autophagic effects triggered by five different vertebrate iridoviruses in a common, highly permissive mandarinfish fry (mff-1) cell model. | autophagy of five vertebrate iridoviruses, including one megalocytivirus (infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, isknv) and four ranaviruses (chinese giant salamander iridovirus, cgsiv; tiger frog virus, tfv; grouper iridovirus, giv; and largemouth bass virus, lmbv) were investigated in a common, highly permissive mandarinfish fry (mff-1) cell model. the results showed marked autophagosome formation in giv- and lmbv-infected cells but not in isknv-, cgsiv- and tfv-infected mff-1 cells. str ... | 2016 | 26748344 |
| evolutionary conservation of molecular structure and antiviral function of a viral receptor, lgp2, in amphioxus branchiostoma japonicum. | rig-i-like (where rig-i is retinoic acid inducible gene i) receptor lgp2 (where lgp2 is laboratory of genetics and physiology) is an important intracellular receptor that recognizes viral rnas in innate immunity, but its origin and evolution remains unknown. here we clearly demonstrate the presence of a rig-i-like receptor, bjlgp2, in the basal chordate amphioxus. it is predominantly expressed in the hepatic caecum and hindgut, and is upregulated following challenge with poly(i:c). bjlgp2 is dis ... | 2015 | 26442622 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a new g-type lysozyme gene (ec-lysg) in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | lysozyme acts as an innate immunity molecule against pathogen infection. in this study, a new g-type lysozyme gene with a typical g-type lysozyme domain (designated as ec-lysg) was cloned and characterized from the orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ec-lysg cdna contains 1419 bp and encodes a 256-residue protein containing a 25-residue signal peptide at the n-terminus. blast analysis reveals ec-lysg shares 64% identity with siniperca chuatsi, but 63% to another reporte ... | 2014 | 24877656 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of c-type lysozyme gene in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | lysozymes are key proteins of the host innate immune system against pathogen infection. in this study, a c-type lysozyme gene (ec-lysc) was cloned and characterized from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ec-lysc cdna is composed of 533 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 144-residue protein with 94% identity to lysc of kelp grouper, epinephelus bruneus. the genomic dna of ec-lysc consists of 4 exons and 3 introns, with a total length of 1897 bp. amino acid sequence alignm ... | 2012 | 22579550 |
| complete genome sequence of a giant sea perch iridovirus in kaohsiung, taiwan. | we report here the complete genome sequence of a megalocytivirus strain, gsiv-k1, isolated from a farmed giant sea perch (lates calcarifer) in kaohsiung, taiwan. gsiv-k1 causes mortality in farmed marine fish, including giant sea perch and groupers. the genome sequence is nearly identical to the genome of the orange-spotted grouper iridovirus. | 2016 | 27125488 |
| complete genome sequence and transcription profiles of the rock bream iridovirus rbiv-c1. | the family iridoviridae consists of 5 genera of double-stranded dna viruses, including the genus megalocytivirus, which contains species that are important fish pathogens. in a previous study, we isolated the first rock bream iridovirus from china (rbiv-c1) and identified it as a member of the genus megalocytivirus. in this report, we determined the complete genomic sequence of rbiv-c1 and examined its in vivo expression profiles. the genome of rbiv-c1 is 112333 bp in length, with a gc content o ... | 2013 | 23759558 |
| a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, orange-spotted grouper novel immune gene ecvig, is induced by immune stimulants and type i interferon. | a novel grouper immune gene, ecvig was identified in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). we recently determined that ecvig expression can be induced by infection with nervous necrosis virus (nnv, an rna virus), whereas nnv replication may be suppressed when ecvig was overexpressed. although ecvig appeared to be involved in grouper antiviral activity, its immune effects have not been well characterized. in the present study, two pamps (pathogen-associated molecular patterns; lipopolysa ... | 2016 | 27666189 |
| establishment and characterization of a cell line from the head kidney of golden pompano trachinotus ovatus and its application in toxicology and virus susceptibility. | a cell line derived from the head kidney of golden pompano trachinotus ovatus (tohk) was established and characterized in this study. the tohk cells grew most rapidly at 28° c and the optimum foetal bovine serum concentration in l-15 medium was 10%. the tohk cells have a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 54. the transfection efficiency of tohk cells was 7·5% at the 15th passage and 72% at the 40th passage. the transfection efficiency in tohk cells was high, so these cells are suitable for foreig ... | 2017 | 28271507 |
| establishment and characterization of a mid-kidney cell line derived from golden pompano trachinotus ovatus, a new cell model for virus pathogenesis and toxicology studies. | golden pompano trachinotus ovatus, a popularly cultured and commercially important marine fish worldwide, has been recognized as a promising candidate for mariculture. however, outbreaks of infectious bacterial or viral diseases and environmental deterioration have led to great economic losses in t. ovatus aquaculture recently. in our research, we established a new mid-kidney cell line, designated as tok, from golden pompano, t. ovatus. the optimized growth temperature and working concentration ... | 2016 | 27981423 |
| fish trim32 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against iridovirus and nodavirus. | tripartite motif-containing 32 (trim32) has been demonstrated to pay vital roles in cancer, genetic disorders and antiviral immunity. however, the molecular functions of fish trim32 still remained largely unknown. here, a novel trim32 gene from orange spotted grouper (ectrim32) was cloned and characterized. ectrim32 encoded a 685-aa protein which showed 93%, and 60% identity to large yellow croaker (larimichthys crocea) and human (homo sapiens), respectively. amino acid alignment showed that ect ... | 2017 | 27847343 |
| fish trim16l exerts negative regulation on antiviral immune response against grouper iridoviruses. | tripartite motif 16 (trim16), has been demonstrated to act as a tumor suppressor through affecting cell proliferation and migration or tumorigenicity in carcigenesis. however, the roles of trim16 in immune response were unknown up to now. here, we cloned a trim16-like gene (trim16l) from orange spotted grouper (ectrim16l) and investigated its roles in response to virus infection. ectrim16l encoded a 478 amino acid peptide which showed 72% and 29% identity to large yellow croaker (larimichthys cr ... | 2016 | 27815200 |
| antiviral function of tachyplesin i against iridovirus and nodavirus. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are ubiquitously found in living organisms and are an important component in innate immune response. tachyplesin i is a potent antimicrobial peptide isolated from the hemocytes of the horseshoe crab, tachypleus tridentatus. previous studies have shown that the 17-residue peptide exhibits a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. however, the efficiencies and defense mechanisms of the tac ... | 2016 | 27633674 |
| negative regulation of the antiviral response by grouper lgp2 against fish viruses. | laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (lgp2), a member of rig-i like receptor (rlr) family, plays crucial roles in modulating cellular antiviral response during viral infection. however, the detailed roles of lgp2 in different virus infection were controversial up to now. here, we cloned a lgp2 gene from orange-spotted grouper (eclgp2) and investigated its roles in response to grouper virus infection. eclgp2 encoded a 678-aa protein which shared 83% identity to sea perch (lateolabrax japonicas ... | 2016 | 27436518 |
| ring domain is essential for the antiviral activity of trim25 from orange spotted grouper. | tripartite motif-containing 25 (trim25) has been demonstrated to exert crucial roles in the regulation of innate immune signaling. however, the roles of fish trim25 in antiviral immune response still remained uncertain. here, a novel fish trim25 gene from orange spotted grouper (ectrim25) was cloned and its roles in grouper virus infection were elucidated. ectrim25 encoded a 734-aa protein which shared 68% identity to large yellow croaker (larimichthys crocea). amino acid alignment showed that e ... | 2016 | 27276113 |
| grouper trim13 exerts negative regulation of antiviral immune response against nodavirus. | the tripartite motif (trim)-containing proteins have attracted particular attention to their multiple functions in different biological processes. trim13, a member of the trim family, is a ring domain-containing e3 ubiquitin ligase which plays critical roles in diverse cellular processes including cell death, cancer and antiviral immunity. in this study, a trim13 homolog from orange spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides (ectrim13) was cloned and characterized. the full-length of ectrim13 cdna en ... | 2016 | 27235367 |
| fish trim8 exerts antiviral roles through regulation of the proinflammatory factors and interferon signaling. | the tripartite motif (trim)-containing proteins usually exert important regulatory roles during multiple biological processes. trim8 has been demonstrated to be a ring domain-containing e3 ubiquitin ligase which plays critical roles in inflammation and cancer. in this study, a trim8 homolog from grouper, epinephelus coioides (ectrim8) was cloned, and its effects on fish virus replication were investigated. the full-length ectrim8 cdna encoded a polypeptide of 568 amino acids with 92% identity to ... | 2016 | 27150052 |
| antiviral function of grouper mda5 against iridovirus and nodavirus. | melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) is a critical member of retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-like receptor (rlr) family which can recognize viral rna and enhances antiviral response in host cells. in this study, a mda5 homolog from orange spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) (ecmda5) was cloned, and its roles on grouper virus infection were characterized. the full-length ecmda5 cdna encoded a polypeptide of 982 amino acids with 74% identity with mda5 homolog from rock bream ... | 2016 | 27050314 |
| establishment and characterization of a novel cell line from the brain of golden pompano (trachinotus ovatus). | golden pompano is a commercially important marine fish that is widely cultured in china, japan, and southeast asian countries but has been seriously threatened by pathogen. a novel cell line (togb) derived from the brain of golden pompano trachinotus ovatus was established and characterized in this study. togb cell line showed high virus susceptibility, especially grouper nervous necrosis virus (gnnv) and singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). as one of the most devastating viruses in marine fish ... | 2016 | 26822430 |
| fish trim39 regulates cell cycle progression and exerts its antiviral function against iridovirus and nodavirus. | the tripartite motif (trim)-containing proteins exert important immune regulatory roles through regulating different signaling pathways in response to different stimuli. trim39, a member of the trim family, is a ring domain-containing e3 ubiquitin ligase which could regulate cell cycle progression and apoptosis. however, the antiviral activity of trim39 is not explored. here, a trim39 homolog from grouper, epinephelus coioides (ectrim39) was cloned, and its effects on cell cycle progression and ... | 2016 | 26784918 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo) genes from grouper (epinephelus coioides). | small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo) is a group of proteins binding to lysine residues of target proteins and thereby modifying their stability, activity and subcellular localization. in the present study, two sumo homolog genes (ecsumo1 and ecsumo2) from grouper (epinephelus coioides) were cloned and characterized. the full-length sequence of ecsumo1 was 749 bp in length and contained a predicted open reading frame of 306 bp encoding 101 amino acids with a molecular mass of 11.34 kda. the full- ... | 2016 | 26616235 |
| involvement of fish signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) in nodavirus infection induced cell death. | the janus kinase (jak)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway activated by interferons in response to virus infection. fish stat3 has been demonstrated to be involved in singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) infection and virus induced paraptosis, but its effects on the replication of other fish viruses still remained uncertain. here, the roles of grouper stat3 (ec-stat3) in red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) infe ... | 2015 | 25555814 |
| identification of orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) interferon regulatory factor 3 involved in antiviral immune response against fish rna virus. | interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3) is an important transcription factor which regulates the expression of interferon (ifn) and ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) following virus recognition. in this study, a novel irf3 gene was cloned from grouper epinephelus coioides (ecirf3) and its effects against singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) and red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) was investigated. the full-length of ecirf3 cdna was composed of 2513 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 458 amino ... | 2015 | 25463297 |
| isolation and characterization of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (traf6) from grouper, epinephelus tauvina. | tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (traf6) is one of the key adapter molecules in toll-like receptor signal transduction that triggers downstream cascades involved in innate immunity. in the present study, a traf6 (named as et-traf6) was identified from the marine fish grouper, epinephelus tauvina by race pcr. the full-length cdna of et-traf6 comprised 1949 bp with a 1713 bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes a putative protein of 570 amino acids. similar to most traf6s, et-tr ... | 2014 | 24811008 |
| establishment of a new cell line from the heart of giant grouper, epinephelus lanceolatus (bloch), and its application in toxicology and virus susceptibility. | a new marine fish cell line, derived from the heart of giant grouper, epinephelus lanceolatus (bloch), was established and characterized. the cell line was designated as elgh and subcultured with more than 60 passages. the elgh cells were mainly composed of fibroblast-like cells and multiplied well in leibovitz's l-15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (fbs) at 28 °c. chromosome analysis indicated that the modal chromosome number was 48. the fluorescent signals were detected in elg ... | 2015 | 24372271 |
| medaka haploid embryonic stem cells are susceptible to singapore grouper iridovirus as well as to other viruses of aquaculture fish species. | viral infection is a challenge in high-density aquaculture, as it leads to various diseases and causes massive or even complete loss. the identification and disruption of host factors that viruses utilize for infection offer a novel approach to generate viral-resistant seed stocks for cost-efficient and sustainable aquaculture. genetic screening in haploid cell cultures represents an ideal tool for host factor identification. we have recently generated haploid embryonic stem (es) cells in the la ... | 2013 | 23828270 |
| molecular cloning, expression and functional analysis of isg15 in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | interferon-stimulated gene 15 (isg15) is an ubiquitin homolog that is significantly induced by type i interferons or viral infections. groupers, epinephelus spp. being maricultured in china and southeast asian countries, always suffer from virus infection, including iridovirus and nodavirus. to date, the roles of grouper genes, especially interferon related genes in virus infection remained largely unknown. here, the isg15 homolog (ecisg15) was cloned from grouper epinephelus coioides and its im ... | 2013 | 23403156 |
| molecular cloning, characterization of one key molecule of teleost innate immunity from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides): serum amyloid a. | the orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides), a favorite marine food fish, is widely cultured in china and southeast asian countries. however, little is known about its acute phase response (apr) caused by viral diseases. serum amyloid a (saa) is a major acute phase protein (app). in this study, a new saa homologous (ecsaa) gene was cloned from grouper, e. coioides, by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna sequence of saa was 508 bp and contained a 363 bp open re ... | 2013 | 23178260 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of two types of iκbα orthologues in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | inhibitors of kappa b (iκbs) are the members of primary regulators of nf-κb, which can inhibit nf-κb activity by blocking the nf-κb in an inactive state in the cytoplasm. in this study, two types of iκbα orthologues (eciκbαa and eciκbαb) from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides, were cloned and characterized. eciκbαa and eciκbαb encoded putative proteins containing 308 and 318 amino acids, which shared 59% and 53% identity to iκbαa and iκbαb of danio rerio, respectively. amino acid sequ ... | 2014 | 24594011 |
| identification and characterization of rab7 from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | rab7 is a small gtpase that regulates vesicular traffic from early to late endosomal stages of the endocytic pathway. during the virus-host co-evolution, host rab7 was also exploited by virus to complete their life cycle. to date, however, the roles of fish rab7 in virus infection remained largely unknown. here, we cloned and characterized a rab7 gene from grouper, epinephelus coioides (ec-rab7). the full-length ec-rab7 cdna was composed of 1182 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 207 amino acids wh ... | 2014 | 24161772 |
| characterization of lps-induced tnfα factor (litaf) from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | lipopolysaccharide-induced tnfα factor (litaf) is an important transcription factor that mediates cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. in the present study, we cloned and characterized a litaf gene from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) (ec-litaf). ec-litaf encoded a predicted 142 amino acid protein which shared 74% identity to sablefish (anoplopoma fimbria) litaf homolog. multiple amino acid alignment showed that ec-litaf contained a typical litaf domain with two cxxc motifs. p ... | 2013 | 24091064 |
| establishment of a new cell line from the snout tissue of golden pompano trachinotus ovatus, and its application in virus susceptibility. | a new marine-fish cell line, designated gps, was established from the snout tissue of golden pompano trachinotus ovatus. gps cells multiplied well in leibovitz's l-15 containing 10% foetal bovine serum (fbs) at 28° c and the cells have been subcultured for >60 passages. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of 16s ribosomal (r)rna confirmed the origin of this cell line from t. ovatus. chromosome analysis showed that gps cells exhibited chromosomal aneuploidy with a modal chromosome numbe ... | 2016 | 27146361 |
| comprehensive identification and profiling of host mirnas in response to singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) infection in grouper (epinephelus coioides). | micrornas (mirnas) are an evolutionarily conserved class of non-coding rna molecules that participate in various biological processes. employment of high-throughput screening strategies greatly prompts the investigation and profiling of mirnas in diverse species. in recent years, grouper (epinephelus spp.) aquaculture was severely affected by iridoviral diseases. however, knowledge regarding the host immune responses to viral infection, especially the mirna-mediated immune regulatory roles, is r ... | 2015 | 26027797 |
| quantitative study of proteomic alterations in a zebrafish (danio rerio) cell line infected with the singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). | we demonstrate, for the first time, that singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) can successfully infect a zebrafish cell line. combined with the recent availability of the complete zebrafish (danio rerio) genome, this provides an opportunity to investigate virus-host interactions at the molecular level. using itraq labeling and two-dimensional lc/ms/ms quantitative proteomics, 157 zebrafish proteins exhibiting significant alterations in expression levels following sgiv infection were identified. ge ... | 2015 | 25662022 |
| selection and identification of singapore grouper iridovirus vaccine candidate antigens using bioinformatics and dna vaccination. | in this study, we described a rapid and efficient method which integrated the bioinformatic prediction and dna vaccine technology to identify vaccine candidates against singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). the 162 previously defined open reading frames (orfs) of sgiv were subjected to extensive sequence similarity searches, as well as motif, cellular location, and domain prediction. based on our analysis, 13 genes were chosen and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcdna 3.1. in vitro a ... | 2012 | 22698389 |
| bnip3, a cell pro-apoptotic protein, involved in response to viral infection in orange spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | bnip3 is a kind of bh3-only protein that induces both cell death and autophagy. here, a bnip3 gene (ecbnip3) was identified from orange spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. ecbnip3 possessed 236 amino acids residues, contained a conservative bnip3 domain and a transmembrane region. besides, ecbnip3 expressed at a relative high level in heart and spleen. ecbnip3 transcript was up-regulated after sgiv infection in vitro. subcellular localization analysis revealed that ecbnip3 was predominantly l ... | 2017 | 28359943 |
| mkk7 confers different activities to viral infection of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) and nervous necrosis virus (nnv) in grouper. | mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (mkk7) is one of the major stress-activated protein kinase (sapk)-activating kinases in response to environmental or physiological stimuli. here a mkk7 named as ec-mkk7 was identified from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length cdna of ec-mkk7 was 1853 bp, with an open reading frame (orf) of 1272 bp encoding a putative protein of 423 amino acids. a characteristic s-k-a-k-t motif was contained in the domain of dual-specificity protein kina ... | 2016 | 27601297 |
| c-jun n-terminal kinases 3 (jnk3) from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides, inhibiting the replication of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) and sgiv-induced apoptosis. | c-jun n-terminal kinases (jnks), a subgroup of serine-threonine protein kinases that activated by phosphorylation, are involve in physiological and pathophysiological processes. jnk3 is one of jnk proteins involved in jnk3 signaling transduction. in the present study, two jnk3 isoforms, ec-jnk3 x1 and ec-jnk3 x2, were cloned from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. both ec-jnk3 x1 and ec-jnk3 x2 were mainly expressed in liver, gill, skin, brain and muscle of juvenile grouper. the relat ... | 2016 | 27422159 |
| development and characterization of aptamer-based enzyme-linked apta-sorbent assay for the detection of singapore grouper iridovirus infection. | singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) is a devastating aquaculture virus responsible for heavy economic losses to grouper, epinephelus sp. aquaculture. the aim of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive detection method for sgiv infections in infected groupers. | 2016 | 27124762 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a galectin-1 homolog in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | as a member of animal lectin family, galectin has the functions of pathogen recognition, anti-bacteria and anti-virus. in the present study, a galectin-1 homolog (ecgel-1) from grouper (epinephelus coioides) was cloned and its possible role in fish immunity was analyzed. the full length cdna of ecgel-1 is 504 bp, including a 408 bp open reading frame (orf) which encodes 135 amino acids with a molecular mass of 15.19 kda. quantitative real-time pcr analysis indicated that ecgel-1 was constitutive ... | 2016 | 27109200 |
| identification of the bcl-2 family protein gene bok from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) involved in sgiv infection. | apoptosis plays vital roles in many physiological process and immune response. bok is one of the central regulators in apoptosis. in this study, a new bok homolog (ec-bok) was cloned and characterized from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. ec-bok encoded a 210 amino acid peptides which shared 97% identity to stegastes partitus bok protein, contained four bh domains and one transmembrane region. ec-bok widely expressed in all analyzed tissues with the higher expressions in kidney and ... | 2016 | 26994672 |
| jnk1 derived from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides, involving in the evasion and infection of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv). | c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) regulates cellular responses to various extracellular stimuli, environmental stresses, pathogen infections, and apoptotic agents. here, a jnk1, ec-jnk1, was identified from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. ec-jnk1 has been found involving in the immune response to pathogen challenges in vivo, and the infection of singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv) and sgiv-induced apoptosis in vitro. sgiv infection activated ec-jnk1, of which phosphorylation of motif t ... | 2016 | 26903999 |
| molecular clone and characterization of c-jun n-terminal kinases 2 from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | c-jun n-terminal kinase 2 (jnk2) is a multifunctional mitogen-activated protein kinases involving in cell differentiation and proliferation, apoptosis, immune response and inflammatory conditions. in this study, we reported a new jnk2 (ec-jnk2) derived from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length cdna of ec-jnk2 was 1920 bp in size, containing a 174 bp 5'-untranslated region (utr), 483 bp 3'-utr, and a 1263 bp open reading frame (orf), which encoded a putative protein of 42 ... | 2016 | 26691306 |
| function analysis of fish tollip gene in response to virus infection. | toll-interacting protein (tollip) is one of the important regulatory proteins of toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling pathways. in previous studies, a tollip sequence of grouper (epinephelus coioides) was identified and the signal transduction functions of tollip were studied. however, the response of tollip to virus infection has not been characterized from grouper. in the present paper, the tollip homolog (ettollip) from grouper (epinephelus tauvina) was cloned and its immune response to singapo ... | 2015 | 26476109 |
| antiviral role of grouper sting against iridovirus infection. | stimulator of interferon genes (sting, also known as mita, eris, mpys or tmem173) has been identified as a central component in the innate immune response to cytosolic dna and rna derived from different pathogens. however, the detailed role of sting during fish iridovirus infection still remained largely unknown. here, the sting homolog from grouper epinephelus coioides (ecsting) was cloned and its effects on ifn response and antiviral activity were investigated. the full-length ecsting cdna was ... | 2015 | 26359551 |
| characterization of c-jun from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides involved in sgiv infection. | the nuclear phosphoprotein c-jun is a member of the ap1 family of transcription activating complex, can be induced by various extracellular stimuli such as virus infection. in this study, the c-jun gene (ec-c-jun) was cloned from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ec-c-jun cdna is composed of 2046 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 328 amino acids with 81% identity of zebrafish. amino acid alignment analysis indicated that ec-c-jun contained three conserved domains includ ... | 2015 | 25555808 |
| involvement of fish signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) in sgiv replication and virus induced paraptosis. | signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) is an important transcription factor which plays crucial roles in immune regulation, inflammation, cell proliferation, transformation, and other physiological processes of the organism. in this study, a novel stat3 gene from orange spotted grouper (ec-stat3) was cloned and characterized. bioinformatic analysis revealed that full-length of ec-stat3 was 3105-bp long and contained a 280-bp 5'utr, a 470-bp 3'utr, and a 2355-bp open reading f ... | 2014 | 25230133 |