| anti-granuloma activity of iraqi withania somnifera. | the granuloma-tissue formation inhibiting activity of various fractions of an extract of the aerial parts of withania somnifera were established using subcutaneous cotton-pellet implantation in rats. antiinflammatory activity was retained in the methanolic fractions of the plant extract and was comparable to that of a 5 mg/kg dose of hydrocortisone sodium succinate. activity was attributed to the high content of biologically active steroids in the plant, of which withaferin a is known to be a ma ... | 1992 | 1434685 |
| in vivo growth inhibitory effect of withania somnifera (ashwagandha) on a transplantable mouse tumor, sarcoma 180. | withania somnifera is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of a variety of ailments in the ayurvedic system. alcoholic extract of the root of the plant was injected(ip) at daily doses of 200 to 1000 mg/kg body wt for 15 days starting from 24 hr after intradermal inoculation of 5 x 10(5) cells of s-180 in balb/c mice. solid tumor growth was monitored for 100 days. doses of 400 mg/kg and above produced complete regression of tumor after an initial growth, the percentage of complete response (cr ... | 1992 | 1512021 |
| treatment of osteoarthritis with a herbomineral formulation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. | the clinical efficacy of a herbomineral formulation containing roots of withania somnifera, the stem of boswellia serrata, rhizomes of curcuma longa and a zinc complex (articulin-f), was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over study in patients with osteoarthritis. after a one-month single blind run-in period, 42 patients with osteoarthritis were randomly allocated to receive either a drug treatment or a matching placebo for a period of three months. after a 15-da ... | 1991 | 1943180 |
| contributions to the pharmacodynamic study of roots of withania somnifera dun species of pakistani origin. note iii: testing of analgesic activity of dichlormethanic and methanolic extract from withania somnifera roots. | | 1990 | 2131560 |
| anti-inflammatory activity of some iraqi plants using intact rats. | five plants (myrtus communis, apium graveolens, matricaria chamomilla, withania somnifera and achillea santolina) grown in iraq were assessed for their anti-inflammatory activity on intact rats by measuring the suppression of carrageenan-induced paw edema produced by 1/10 of the intraperitoneal ld50 doses for the respective 80% ethanol extracts. acetylsalicylic acid was used as the standard drug. results showed that the plants possessed varying degrees of anti-inflammatory activity and were clas ... | 1989 | 2601356 |
| withania somnifera, a plant with a great therapeutical future. | withania somnifera dun is a plant which drew the interest of many researchers in several countries, either for its active principles or for the extremely important pharmacodynamic or pharmacotherapeutic properties it has and first of all for the content in withanolides, substances with a sterol structure. | 1989 | 2814052 |
| effect of withania somnifera on glycosaminoglycan synthesis in carrageenin-induced air pouch granuloma. | the effect of w. somnifera on glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the granulation tissue of carrageenin-induced air pouch granuloma was studied. w. somnifera was shown to exert significant inhibitory effect on incorporation of 35s into the granulation tissue. the uncoupling effect on oxidative phosphorylation (adp/o ratio reduction) was also observed in the mitochondria of granulation tissue. further, mg2+ dependent atpase activity was found to be influenced by w. somnifera. w. somnifera also reduced ... | 1987 | 2963652 |
| long term effect of herbal drug withania somnifera on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. | | 1988 | 3248848 |
| pharmacological studies on leaves of withania somnifera. | | 1986 | 3703993 |
| studies of medicinal plants of sri lanka. part 14: toxicity of some traditional medicinal herbs. | seventy five medicinal plants of the traditional ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of sri lanka have been screened chemically for alkaloids and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. of these, crotolaria juncea l. was found to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids with biological effects consistent with pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity. feeding trials in rats with three plants lacking pyrrolizidine alkaloids, namely aegle marmelos (l.) corr., hemidesmus indicus (l.) ait. f. and terminalia chebula retz. produced hepatic lesion ... | 1985 | 4058035 |
| variations in the antitumour constituents of withania somnifera dunal. | | 1974 | 4416850 |
| [morphology and anatomy of indian roots of withania somnifera (author's transl)]. | | 1974 | 4427962 |
| in vitro absorption of [14c]leucine during inflammation and the effect of antiinflammatory drugs in the jejunum of rats. | 1. inflammation was induced in the hindlegs of rats by formalin injection and the in vitro absorption of [14c]leucine was studied. 2. treatment of rats with formalin caused a reduction in the in vitro absorption of leucine from the mucosa of jejunum. 3. oral administration of oxyphenbutazone or a herbal anti-inflammatory drug (withania somnifera) prior to formalin injection resulted in no alteration in the jejunal absorption of [14c]leucine. | 1983 | 6860324 |
| influence of extra-intestinal inflammation on the in vitro absorption of 14c-glucose and the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs in the jejunum of rats. | inflammation was induced in the hind legs of rats by formalin injection and the in vitro jejunal absorption of 14c-glucose was studied. treatment of rats with formalin caused a reduction in the in vitro absorption of glucose from the jejunum. oral administration of oxyphenbutazone or a herbal anti-inflammatory drug (withania somnifera) prior to formalin injection, resulted in no alteration in the jejunal absorption of glucose. | 1983 | 6872332 |
| in vivo growth inhibitory and radiosensitizing effects of withaferin a on mouse ehrlich ascites carcinoma. | adult swiss albino mice were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 10 (6) ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. twenty-four hours later they were given an i.p. injection of 10-60 mg/kg of withaferin a (wa), isolated from the roots of withania somnifera. the tumor growth and tumor free animal survival were studied for up to 120 days. in another experiment 30 mg/kg wa was injected i.p. to mice at 1, 3 or 5 days after tumor cell injection with or without acute abdominal exposure to 7.5 gy gamma radia ... | 1995 | 7656229 |
| antitumor and radiosensitizing effects of withania somnifera (ashwagandha) on a transplantable mouse tumor, sarcoma-180. | antitumor and radiosensitizing effects of alcoholic root extract of w. somnifera and their modification by heat were studied in vivo on sarcoma-180 grown on the dorsum of adult balb/c mouse. ashwagandha (at) was injected (ip) at a dose of 500 mg/kg body wt for 10 consecutive days into mouse bearing tumor of 50 +/- 5 mm3, with or without a local treatment of 10 gy gamma radiation (rt) or hyperthermia at 43 degrees c for 30 min (ht) or both on 5th day of at. the response was assessed on the basis ... | 1993 | 8225418 |
| antitumor and radiosensitizing effects of withaferin a on mouse ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo. | the antitumor and radiosensitizing effects of withaferin a (wa), a steroidal lactone from withania somnifera, was studied on ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo. the acute ld50(14) for wa in swiss mice was approximately 80 mg/kg. twenty-four hours after i.p. inoculation of 10(6) tumor cells, wa was injected i.p. at different dose fractions (5 or 7.5 mg/kg x 8, 10 mg/kg x 5, 20 or 30 mg/kg x 2) with or without abdominal gamma irradiation (rt, 75. gy) after the first drug dose. increase in life span ... | 1996 | 8619948 |
| studies on the immunomodulatory effects of ashwagandha. | the immunomodulatory activity of an indian ayurvedic medicinal preparation, ashwagandna (withania somnifera (l. dunal)) was studied in mice with myelosuppression induced by one or more of the following three compounds: cyclophosphamide, azathioprin, or prednisolone. the assessment of immunomodulatory activity was carried out by hematological and serological tests. a significant modulation of immune reactivity was observed in all the three animal models used. ashwagandha prevented myelosuppressio ... | 1996 | 8866726 |
| systemic administration of defined extracts from withania somnifera (indian ginseng) and shilajit differentially affects cholinergic but not glutamatergic and gabaergic markers in rat brain. | although some promising results have been achieved by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, an effective therapeutic intervention in alzheimer's disease still remains an important goal. sitoindosides vii-x, and withaferin-a, isolated from aqueous methanol extract from the roots of cultivated varieties of withania somnifera (known as indian ginseng), as well as shilajit, a pale-brown to blackish brown exudation from steep rocks of the himalaya mountain, are used in indian medicine to attenuate cerebra ... | 1997 | 9017665 |
| modification of bone marrow radiosensensitivity by medicinal plant extracts. | withaferin a (wa), a steroidal lactone, and plumbagin (pl), a naphthoquinone, from the roots of withania somnifera and plumbago rosea, respectively, have been shown to possess growth inhibitory and radiosensitizing effects on experimental mouse tumours. an aqueous extract of the leaves of ocimum sanctum (oe) was found to protect mice against radiation lethality. therefore, the radiomodifying effects of the above plant products on the bone marrow of the adult swiss mouse was studied. single doses ... | 1997 | 9227253 |
| effect of some indian herbs on macrophage functions in ochratoxin a treated mice. | the effect of indian herbs namely, asparagus racemosus, tinospora cordifolia, withania somnifera and picrorhiza kurrooa on the functions of macrophages obtained from mice treated with the carcinogen ochratoxin a (ota) was investigated. the chemotactic activity of murine macrophages was significantly decreased by 17 weeks of treatment with ota compared with controls. production of interleukin-1 (il-1) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) was also markedly reduced. treatment with asparagus racemosus, t ... | 1997 | 9324000 |
| antioxidant activity of glycowithanolides from withania somnifera. | antioxidant activity of active principles of withania somnifera, consisting of equimolar concentrations of sitoindosides vii-x and withaferin a, was investigated for their effects on rat brain frontal cortical and striatal concentrations of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat) and glutathione peroxidase (gpx). results were compared with effects induced by deprenyl, an agent with well documented antioxidant activity. active glycowithanolides of w. somnifera (wsg) (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.), ad ... | 1997 | 9332168 |
| effect of trasina, an ayurvedic herbal formulation, on pancreatic islet superoxide dismutase activity in hyperglycaemic rats. | diabetes mellitus was induced in male cf strain rats by streptozotocin (stz) and hyperglycaemia and superoxide dismutase (sod) activity of pancreatic islet cells was assessed on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. stz induced significant hyperglycaemia and a concomitant decrease in islet cell sod activity. transina (tr), an ayurvedic herbal formulation comprising of withania somnifera, tinospora cordifolia, eclipta alba, ocimum sanctum, picrorrhiza kurroa and shilajit, had little per se effect on blood sugar ... | 1997 | 9332177 |
| therapeutic efficacy of ashwagandha against experimental aspergillosis in mice. | therapeutic efficacy of an indian ayurvedic medicinal preparation, ashwagandha [withania somnifera l. dunal (solanceae; root)] was evaluated against experimental aspergillosis in balb/c mice. ashwagandha given orally once daily for 7 consecutive days in a dose of 100 mg/kg after intravenous infection of aspergillus fumigatus prolonged the survival period of infected mice. this protective activity was probably related to the observed increases in phagocytosis and intracellular killing of peritone ... | 1998 | 9543708 |
| effect of ashwagandha on lipid peroxidation in stress-induced animals. | the aqueous suspension of root extract of an indian drug ashwagandha (withania somnifera l. (solanaceae)) was evaluated for its effect on lipid peroxidation (lpo) in stress-induced animals. elevation of lpo was observed in rabbits and mice after intravenous administration of 0.2 microg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (lps: from klebsiella pneumoniae) and 100 microg/kg of peptidoglycan (pgn: from staphylococcus aureus), respectively. the peak was reached immediately after pgn and 2-6 h after lps adminis ... | 1998 | 9582008 |
| antistressor effect of withania somnifera. | withania somnifera is an indian medicinal plant used widely in the treatment of many clinical conditions in india. its antistressor properties have been investigated in this study using adult wistar strain albino rats and cold water swimming stress test. the results indicate that the drug treated animals show better stress tolerance. | 1999 | 10075127 |
| subacute toxicity study of the combination of ginseng (panax ginseng) and ashwagandha (withania somnifera) in rats: a safety assessment. | ginseng (panax ginseng) and ashwagandha (withania somnifera) are widely used as geriatric tonics. both individually have not shown any toxicity on long term administration. study was planned to assess the safety of the combination by doing subacute toxicity study in rats with 90 days oral administration using three doses. food consumption, body weight, haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were studied. there was significant increase in body weight, food consumption and li ... | 1998 | 10225062 |
| adaptogenic properties of six rasayana herbs used in ayurvedic medicine. | plants from all over the world such as eleutherococcus senticosus, panax ginseng, raponticum carthamoides, rhodiola rosea, withania somnifera and ocimum sanctum have been extensively evaluated for their adaptogenic potential. however, none of them has been successfully introduced as an adaptogen in the clinic. this paper discusses some of the problems in evaluation of adaptogens which have precluded their inclusion as clinically useful drugs. we further discuss our results with six rasayana plan ... | 1999 | 10404532 |
| studies on immunomodulatory activity of withania somnifera (ashwagandha) extracts in experimental immune inflammation. | the immunomodulatory activities of an indian ayurvedic medicinal preparation, i.e. extracts from ashwagandha, withania somnifera (l.) dunal (solanaceae), namely wst and ws2, were studied in mice for immune inflammation: active paw anaphylaxis and delayed type hypersensitivity (dth). immunomodulatory effect was assessed in if ige-mediated anaphylaxis as reduction of ovalbumin-induced paw edema, in animals treated with ws2 at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg, and the results were compared with the stand ... | 1999 | 10616957 |
| withania somnifera and bauhinia purpurea in the regulation of circulating thyroid hormone concentrations in female mice. | the effects of daily administration of withania somnifera root extract (1.4 g/kg body wt.) and bauhinia purpurea bark extract (2.5 mg/kg body wt.) for 20 days on thyroid function in female mice were investigated. while serum triiodothyronine (t3) and thyroxine (t4) concentrations were increased significantly by bauhinia, withania could enhance only serum t4 concentration. both the plant extracts showed an increase in hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (g-6-pase) activity and antiperoxidative effects ... | 1999 | 10619390 |
| adrenocorticosterone alterations in male, albino mice treated with trichopus zeylanicus, withania somnifera and panax ginseng preparations. | the levels of corticosterone were estimated by the hplc method in the adrenal glands of stressed (5 h constant swimming) male albino mice treated with trichopus zeylanicus, withania somnifera and panax ginseng preparations and compared with non-treated stressed and normal controls. the treatments increased the corticosterone levels in all the groups. the physical endurance (increased survival time) of swimming mice also increased in all the treated groups, except in the group treated with withan ... | 2000 | 10685111 |
| adaptogenic and cardioprotective action of ashwagandha in rats and frogs. | pharmacological and metabolic effects of ashwagandha (withania somnifera l. (solanaceae)) used in ayurveda as a herbal tonic and health food were studied. ashwagandha was shown to increase swimming time in rats in physical working capacity test, i.e. rats swimming endurance test. significant increase in relative heart weight and glycogen content in myocardium and liver was also observed in ashwagandha treated group. ashwagandha treatment increased the duration of contractility in functional test ... | 2000 | 10720789 |
| withania somnifera root extract in the regulation of lead-induced oxidative damage in male mouse. | the importance of withania somnifera root extract in the regulation of lead toxicity with special reference to lipid peroxidative process has been investigated in liver and kidney tissues. while lead treatment (0.5 mg kg(-1)body wt. day(-1)for 20 days) enhanced hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation (lpo), administration of plant extract in the doses of 0.7 g kg(-1)and 1.4 g kg(-1)body wt. day(-1)along with equivalent doses of lead acetate for 20 days significantly decreased lpo and increased the ... | 2000 | 10816336 |
| the effect of extracts of cynomorium coccineum and withania somnifera on gonadotrophins and ovarian follicles of immature wistar rats. | the effects of water extracts of cynomorium coccineum and withania somnifera on ovarian follicular development and serum levels of fsh and lh were studied in immature 17-day-old and 25-day-old-wistar rats. water extracts of the plants were given to the animals per os in a dose of 47 mg/100 g body weight for 6 days. serum levels of fsh and lh were measured by elisa. folliculogenesis was studied with a light microscope. in 25-day-old rats, extracts of both plants elicited significant changes in go ... | 2000 | 10861976 |
| dendrite extension by methanol extract of ashwagandha (roots of withania somnifera) in sk-n-sh cells. | extension of dendrites and axons in neurons may compensate for and repair damaged neuronal circuits in the dementia brain. our aim in the present study was to explore drugs activating neurite outgrowth and regenerating the neuronal network. we found that the methanol extract of ashwagandha (roots of withania somnifera; 5 microg/ml) significantly increased the percentage of cells with neurites in human neuroblastoma sk-n-sh cells. the effect of the extract was dose- and time-dependent mrna levels ... | 2000 | 10884056 |
| review on some plants of indian traditional medicine with antioxidant activity. | a lot of medicinal plants, traditionally used for thousands of years, are present in a group of herbal preparations of the indian traditional health care system (ayurveda) named rasayana proposed for their interesting antioxidant activities. among the medicinal plants used in ayurvedic rasayana for their therapeutic action, some of these have been throughly investigated. in the present paper seven plants (emblica officinalis l., curcuma longa l., mangifera indica l., momordica charantia l., sant ... | 2000 | 10904144 |
| immunomodulatory activity of withania somnifera. | administration of an extract from the powdered root of the plant withania somnifera was found to stimulate immunological activity in babl/c mice. treatment with five doses of withania root extract (20 mg/dose/animal; i.p.) was found to enhance the total wbc count (17125 cells/mm(3)) on 10th day. bone marrow cellularity (27x10(6) cells/femur) as well as alpha-esterase positive cell number (1800/4000 cells) also increased significantly (p<0.001) after the administration of withania extract. treatm ... | 2000 | 10904163 |
| association of l-dopa with recovery following ayurveda medication in parkinson's disease. | ayurveda, the indian system of traditional medicine, uses a concoction of several spices, herbs and minerals for the treatment of diseases. in a clinical prospective study we have evaluated the efficacy of ayurveda treatment (a concoction in cow's milk of powdered mucuna pruriens and hyoscyamus reticulatus seeds and withania somnifera and sida cordifolia roots) in 18 clinically diagnosed (with a mean hoen and yahr value of 2.22) parkinsonian patients. as per ayurveda principles, 13 patients unde ... | 2000 | 10930594 |
| effect of withania somnifera glycowithanolides on iron-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. | glycowithanolides, consisting of equimolar concentrations of sitoindosides vii-x and withaferin a, isolated from the roots of withania somnifera dunal, have been reported to have an antioxidant effect in the rat brain frontal cortex and striatum. in the present study, the effect of 10 days of oral administration of these active principles, in graded doses (10, 20 and 50 mg/kg), was noted on iron overload (feso(4), 30 mg/kg, i.p.) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. apart from hepatic lipid peroxidat ... | 2000 | 11054855 |
| hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypocholesterolemic effect of winter cherry (withania somnifera, dunal) root. | hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypocholesterolemic effects of roots of w. somnifera (ashvagandha) were assessed on human subjects. six mild niddm subjects and six mild hypercholesterolemic subjects were treated with the powder of roots of w. somnifera for 30 days. suitable parameters were studied in the blood and urine samples of the subjects along with dietary pattern before and at the end of treatment period. decrease in blood glucose was comparable to that of an oral hypoglycemic drug. significan ... | 2000 | 11116534 |
| anti-oxidant effect of withania somnifera glycowithanolides in chronic footshock stress-induced perturbations of oxidative free radical scavenging enzymes and lipid peroxidation in rat frontal cortex and striatum. | the antioxidant activity of withania somnifera (ws) glycowithanolides was assessed in chronic footshock stress induced changes in rat brain frontal cortex and striatum. the stress procedure, given once daily for 21 days, induced an increase in superoxide dismutase (sod) and lipid peroxidation (lpo) activity, with concomitant decrease in catalase (cat) and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) activities in both the brain regions. ws glycowithanolides (wsg), administered orally 1 h prior to the stress pro ... | 2001 | 11137343 |
| anxiolytic-antidepressant activity of withania somnifera glycowithanolides: an experimental study. | the roots of withania somnifera (ws) are used extensively in ayurveda, the classical indian system of medicine, and ws is categorized as a rasayana, which are used to promote physical and mental health, to provide defence against disease and adverse environmental factors and to arrest the aging process. ws has been used to stabilize mood in patients with behavioural disturbances. the present study investigated the anxiolytic and antidepressant actions of the bioactive glycowithanolides (wsg), is ... | 2000 | 11194174 |
| curative property of withania somnifera dunal root in the context of carbendazim-induced histopathological changes in the liver and kidney of rat. | the liver and kidney of rat underwent severe histopathological lesions when treated with a single bolus dose of carbendazim, a fungicide, particularly affecting the hepatocytes and the renal corpuscles, respectively. the effects appear to be manifestations of the microtubule-disrupting activity of carbendazim. treatment of carbendazim-treated rats with the powder of tuberous root of withania somnifera (ashwagandha) for 48 days resulted in complete cure of these organs. the results indicate that ... | 2000 | 11194179 |
| adaptogenic activity of siotone, a polyherbal formulation of ayurvedic rasayanas. | siotone (st) is a herbal formulation comprising of withania somnifera, ocimum sanctum, asparagus racemosus, tribulus terristris and shilajit, all of which are classified in ayurveda as rasayanas which are reputed to promote physical and mental health, improve defence mechanisms of the body and enhance longevity. these attributes are similar to the modern concept of adaptogenic agents, which are, known to afford protection of the human physiological system against diverse stressors. the present s ... | 2000 | 11218827 |
| effect of certain plant extracts on alpha-amylase activity. | ethanolic extracts of punica granatum, mangifera indica, boerhaavia diffusa, embelia ribes, phyllanthus maderaspatensis, and withania somnifera, were tested for their effect on alpha-amylase activity (in vitro). p. granatum and m. indica were found to exhibit interesting alpha-amylase inhibitory activity. | 2001 | 11223231 |
| the effect of aqueous extracts of cynomorium coccineum and withania somnifera on testicular development in immature wistar rats. | the effect of lyophilized aqueous extract of cynomorium coccineum and withania somnifera on testicular development and on serum levels of testosterone, icsh and fsh was studied in immature male wistar rats. there was a notable increase in testicular weight of animals treated with both extracts. histological examination revealed an apparent increase in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and the number of seminiferous tubular cell layers in the testes of treated rats as compared with control one ... | 2001 | 11282435 |
| indian medicinal plants as antiradicals and dna cleavage protectors. | celastrus paniculatus l. (celastraceae) (cp), picrorhiza kurroa l. (scrophulariaceae) (pk) and withania somnifera l. (solanaceae) (ws) are indian medicinal plants having a remarkable reputation, as a factor of health care, among the indigenous medical practitioners. the plants exhibit varying degrees of therapeutic value some of which useful in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction, epilepsy, insomnia, rheumatism, gout, dyspepsia. in this work, we have investigated the free radical scavenging c ... | 2001 | 11315755 |
| stress induced neuron degeneration and protective effects of semecarpus anacardium linn. and withania somnifera dunn. in hippocampus of albino rats: an ultrastructural study. | effects of herbal formulations were studied on hippocampal neuron cell bodies. study was carried out in adult swiss albino rats. experimental rats (e) were divided into three groups. group e1 rats were given immobilization stress for 14 hr/day for 30 days. rats in e2 and e3 group were given daily single dose (40 mg/kg/body wt.) of alcoholic extract of s. anacardium and w. somnifera. after 1 hr giving the plant extract, the rats were subjected to stress. treatment continued for 14 hr for 30 days. ... | 2000 | 11324152 |
| adaptogenic activity of a novel, withanolide-free aqueous fraction from the roots of withania somnifera dun. | the practitioners of the traditional indian system of medicine regard withania somnifera dun. as the 'indian ginseng'. a new withanolide-free aqueous fraction was isolated from the roots of this plant and was evaluated for putative antistress activity against a battery of tests such as hypoxia time, antifatigue effect, swimming performance time, swimming induced gastric ulceration and hypothermia, immobilization induced gastric ulceration, autoanalgesia and biochemical changes in the adrenal gla ... | 2001 | 11406854 |
| structures of withanosides i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, and vii, new withanolide glycosides, from the roots of indian withania somnifera dunal. and inhibitory activity for tachyphylaxis to clonidine in isolated guinea-pig ileum. | seven new withanolide glycosides called withanosides i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, and vii were isolated from an indian natural medicine, ashwagandha, the roots of indian withania somnifera dunal. (solanaceae), together with four known compounds, withaferin a, 5 alpha,20 alpha(f)(r)-dihydroxy-6 alpha,7 alpha-epoxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide, physagulin d, and coagulin q. the structures of withanosides i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, and vii were determined based on chemical and physicochemical evidence. principa ... | 2001 | 11408168 |
| reversal of paclitaxel induced neutropenia by withania somnifera in mice. | the effect of aqueous extract of withania somnifera (l. solanaceae) was studied against paclitaxel induced neutropenia in mice. after paclitaxel 1 mg/kg, i.v. administration significant fall in total wbc and absolute neutrophil count was observed on day 3 and day 5. w. somnifera (200 mg/kg, p.o.) per se produced significant increase in neutrophil counts. w. somnifera (200 mg/kg, p.o.) when administered for 4 days before paclitaxel treatment and continued for 12 days caused significant reversal o ... | 2001 | 11480235 |
| adaptogenic activity of a glyco-peptido-lipid fraction from the alcoholic extract of trichopus zeylanicus gaertn. | a glyco-peptido lipid fraction ("af") from the alcoholic extract of trichopus zeylanicus gaertn. was evaluated for putative antistress activity in a battery of tests. "af" exhibited significant antistress activity in dose dependent manner in all the parameters studied, against the different stresses use to induce non-specific stress. ashwagandha, the commercial extract of withania somnifera roots was used as control: a preliminary acute toxicity study in mice showed a good margin of safety, as t ... | 2001 | 11515718 |
| neuroprotective effects of withania somnifera dunn. in hippocampal sub-regions of female albino rat. | the neuroprotective effects of w. somnifera were studied on stressed adult female swiss albino rats. experimental rats were subjected to immobilization stress for 14 h and were treated with a root powder extract of w. somnifera available as stresscom capsules (dabur india ltd). control rats were maintained in completely, non stressed conditions. thionin stained serial coronal sections (7 microm) of brain passing through the hippocampal region of stressed rats (e(1) group) demonstrated 85% degene ... | 2001 | 11536389 |
| microorganisms asssociated with withania somnifera leaves. | microorganisms including bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were recovered from the leaves of withania somnifera, which were collected from two altitudinal ranges (0-300 m and 1700-2000 m) in the asir region, saudi arabia. types and numbers of microorganisms varied according to the altitude and the month of collection. the number of microorganisms was higher on old leaves than that on young ones in most cases. low altitude exhibited more microorganisms than high altitude. the relationship between ... | 2001 | 11770847 |
| clastogenic effects of dietary supplement--spirulina alga, and some medicinal plant products from boswellia serrata, withania somnifera on mice. | pretreatment of aqueous extracts of zyrulina (spirulina), aswagandha (withania) and nopane (boswellia) on colchicine induced chromosome damage showed weakness of clastogenic activity in swiss albino mice. none of the treatments increased significantly the number of chromosome aberrations. | 2001 | 11883518 |
| effect of withania somnifera glycowithanolides on a rat model of tardive dyskinesia. | withania somnifera glycowithanolides (wsg) were investigated for their preventive effect on the animal model of tardive dyskinesia (td), induced by once daily administration of the neuroleptic, haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.), for 28 days. involuntary orofacial movements (chewing movements, tongue protusion and buccal tremors) were assessed as td parameters. wsg (100 and 200 mg, p.o.), administered concomitantly with haloperidol for 28 days, inhibited the induction of the neuroleptic td. haloperid ... | 2002 | 11995951 |
| withanolide derivatives from the roots of withania somnifera and their neurite outgrowth activities. | five new withanolide derivatives (1, 9-12) were isolated from the roots of withania somnifera together with fourteen known compounds (2-8, 13-19). on the basis of spectroscopic and physiochemical evidence, compounds 1 and 9-12 were determined to be (20s,22r)-3 alpha,6 alpha-epoxy-4 beta,5 beta,27-trihydroxy-1-oxowitha-24-enolide (1), 27-o-beta-d-glucopyranosylpubesenolide 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (withanoside viii, 9), 27-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-d-glu ... | 2002 | 12045329 |
| effect of withania somnifera root extract on the sexual behaviour of male rats. | to determine the effect of a methanolic extract of withania somnifera (l.) dunal roots on sexual competence of male rats. | 2002 | 12508132 |
| induction of nitric oxide synthase expression by withania somnifera in macrophages. | withania somnifera (ashwagandha, indian ginseng) is an immunostimulant herbal medicine used to improve overall health and prevent diseases, particularly in the elderly. however, the mechanisms underlying its immunostimulant effect is poorly understood. to elucidate the mechanism of withania somnifera, we investigated the effect of a methanolic extract from the root of withania somnifera (ws) on nitric oxide (no) production in j774 macrophages. we found that ws (1-256 microg/ml) produced a signif ... | 2003 | 12551750 |
| effect of natural and synthetic antioxidants in a mouse model of chronic fatigue syndrome. | chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) is an illness characterized by persistent and relapsing fatigue, often accompanied by numerous symptoms involving various body systems. the etiology of cfs remains unclear; however, a number of studies have shown that oxidative stress may be involved in its pathogenesis. in the present study, a mouse model of cfs was used in which mice were forced to swim for one 6-minute session on each day for 15 days and the immobility period was recorded. there was a significan ... | 2002 | 12639396 |
| lens aldose reductase inhibiting potential of some indigenous plants. | cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldover. diabetes is one of the major risk factors for cataractogenesis and aldose reductase (ar) has been reported to play an important role in sugar-induced cataract. in the present study, the ar inhibitory activity of ocimum sanctum (os), withania somnifera (ws), curcuma longa (cl), azadirachta indica (ai) were studied together with their effect on sugar-induced cataractogenic changes in rat lenses in vitro. aqueous extracts of the plants, procured ... | 2003 | 12686449 |
| effect of poly herbal formulation, eumil, on chronic stress-induced homeostatic perturbations in rats. | eumil, is a herbal formulation comprising the standardised extracts of withania somnifera (l) dunal, ocimum sanctum l, asparagus racemosus willd and emblica officinalis gaertn., all of which are classified in ayurveda as rasayanas to promote physical and mental health, improve defense mechanisms of the body and enhance longevity. these attributes are similar to the modern concept of adaptogenic agents, which are, known to afford protection to the human physiological system against diverse stress ... | 2002 | 12693696 |
| effect of poly herbal formulation, eumil, on neurochemical perturbations induced by chronic stress. | eumil, a polyherbal formulation consisting of standardised extracts of withania somnifera (l) dunal, ocimum sanctum l, asparagus racemosus wilid and emblica officinalis gaertn., is used as an anti-stress agent to attenuate the various aspects of stress related disorders. in the present study, the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the anti-stress activity of eumil were evaluated by measuring the rat brain monoamine neurotransmitter levels and tribulin activity. chronic electroshock stress (14 d ... | 2002 | 12693697 |
| adaptogenic activity of a novel withanolide-free aqueous fraction from the roots of withania somnifera dun. (part ii). | in the indian traditional system of medicine withania somnifera dun. is widely regarded as the indian ginseng. a new withanolide-free hydrosoluble fraction was isolated from the roots of withania somnifera dun. and was evaluated for putative antistress activity against a battery of tests to delineate the activity of this fraction. the latter fraction exhibited significant antistress activity in a dose-related manner (singh et al., 2001) and was further studied against chemical and physical induc ... | 2003 | 12748992 |
| evaluation of withania somnifera in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in rats. | 1. stroke causes brain injury in millions of people worldwide each year. despite the enormity of the problem, there is currently no approved therapy that can reduce infarct size or neurological disability. one of the approaches that can be used in limiting the neurological damage after stroke is the use of prophylactic treatment in patients with a high-risk of stroke. the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the indian herbal plant withania somnifera as a prophylactic treatm ... | 2003 | 12859433 |
| adaptogenic activity of withania somnifera: an experimental study using a rat model of chronic stress. | withania somnifera (ws) dunal is classified in ayurveda, the ancient hindu system of medicine, as a rasayana, a group of plant-derived drugs reputed to promote physical and mental health, augment resistance of the body against disease and diverse adverse environmental factors, revitalise the body in debilitated conditions and increase longevity. these attributes are remarkably similar to the properties ascribed to adaptogens like panax ginseng (pg) in contemporary medicine. as such, the adaptoge ... | 2003 | 12895672 |
| effect of withania somnifera root extract on haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia: possible mechanisms of action. | we investigated the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of haloperidol (hp)-induced orofacial dyskinesia and evaluated the beneficial effect of withania somnifera (ws) root extract in the amelioration of hp-induced vacuous chewing movements (vcms) and tongue protrusions in the rat model for td. rats were treated for 21 days with intraperitoneal hp (1 mg/kg); on day 22, vcms and tongue protrusions were counted during a 5-minute observation period. hp-treated rats significantly develop ... | 2003 | 12935321 |
| antiatherogenic effect of caps ht2, a herbal ayurvedic medicine formulation. | the antiatherogenic effect of a herbal formulation, caps ht2, was evaluated as antioxidant, anticoagulant, platelet antiaggregatory, lipoprotein lipase releasing, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidaemic activity in rats. the formulation contained the methanolic extracts of selected parts of plants, commiphora mukul, allium sativum, plumbago indica, semecarpus anacardium, hemidesmus indicus, terminalia arjuna, tinospora cordifolia, withania somnifera and ocimum sanctum. the formulation, caps ht2 was ... | 2003 | 13678230 |
| growth inhibition of human tumor cell lines by withanolides from withania somnifera leaves. | ayurvedic medicines prepared in india consist of withania somnifera roots as one of the main ingredients. it is consumed as a dietary supplement around the world. the leaves of w. somnifera were used in the treatment of tumors and inflammation in several asian countries. we have isolated twelve withanolides such as withaferin a (1), sitoindoside ix (2), 4-(1-hydroxy-2, 2-dimethylcyclpropanone)-2, 3-dihydrowithaferin a (3), 2, 3-dihydrowithaferin a (4), 24, 25-dihydro-27-desoxywithaferin a (5), p ... | 2003 | 14575818 |
| withania somnifera (ashwagandha) attenuates antioxidant defense in aged spinal cord and inhibits copper induced lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative modifications. | withania somnifera is classified in ayurveda, the ancient indian system of medicine, as a rasayana, a group of plant-derived drugs which promote physical and mental health, augment resistance of the body against disease and diverse adverse environmental factors, revitalize the body in debilitated conditions and increase longevity. we investigated the effects of withania somnifera on copper-induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in aging spinal cord of wistar rats. the activity of glu ... | 2003 | 14682611 |
| immunoprotection by botanical drugs in cancer chemotherapy. | most of the synthetic chemotherapeutic agents available today are immunosuppressants, cytotoxic, and exert variety of side effects that are particularly evident in cancer chemotherapy. botanical based immunomodulators are often employed as supportive or adjuvant therapy to overcome the undesired effects of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents and to restore normal health. total extract, polar and non-polar extracts, and their formulations, prepared from medicinal plants mentioned in ayurveda, namel ... | 2004 | 14698508 |
| effect of 1-oxo-5beta, 6beta-epoxy-witha-2-ene-27-ethoxy-olide isolated from the roots of withania somnifera on stress indices in wistar rats. | isolation of biologically active fractions and compounds from the roots of withania somnifera, a plant used extensively as a constituent of rasayana, in ayurveda and to test their adaptogenic activity on stress indices using the cold-hypoxia-restraint (c-h-r) model. | 2003 | 14736361 |
| natural phospholipase a(2) myotoxin inhibitor proteins from snakes, mammals and plants. | a renewed interest in the phenomenon of inter- and intra-species resistance towards the toxicity of snake venoms, coupled with the search for new strategies for treatment of snake envenomations, has prompted the discovery of proteins which neutralize the major toxic components of these venoms. among these emerging groups of proteins are inhibitors of toxic phospholipases a2 (pla2s), many of which exhibit a wide range of toxic effects including muscle-tissue damage, neurotoxicity, and inflammatio ... | 2003 | 15019494 |
| mechanisms of cardioprotective effect of withania somnifera in experimentally induced myocardial infarction. | the present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of hydro-alcoholic extract of withania somnifera on the basis of haemodynamic, histopathological and biochemical parameters in the isoprenaline-(isoproterenol) induced myocardial necrosis in rats and to compare with vitamin e, a known cardioprotective antioxidant. wistar albino male rats (150-200 g) were divided into six main groups: sham, isoprenaline control, withania somnifera/vitamin e control and withania somnifera/vi ... | 2004 | 15078343 |
| the in vitro antibacterial/synergistic activities of withania somnifera extracts. | the methanol, hexane and diethyl ether extracts from both leaves and roots of withania somnifera were evaluated for the antibacterial/synergistic activity by agar plate disc-diffusion assay against salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli. different concentrations of tibrim, a combination of rifampicin and isoniazid, were tested to find out the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), which came out to be 0.1 mg/ml for s. typhimurium and e. coli. from the six extracts tested, only methanol and ... | 2004 | 15159002 |
| cardioprotection from ischemia and reperfusion injury by withania somnifera: a hemodynamic, biochemical and histopathological assessment. | the efficacy of withania somnifera (ws) to limit myocardial injury after ischemia and reperfusion was explored and compared to that of vit e, a reference standard known to reduce mortality and infarct size due to myocardial infarction. wistar rats (150-200 g) were divided into six groups and received orally saline (sham, control group), ws-50/kg (ws control and treated group) and vit e-100 mg/kg (vit e control and treated group) respectively for 1 month. on the 31st day, rats of the control, vit ... | 2004 | 15228084 |
| the treatment of skin carcinoma, induced by uv b radiation, using 1-oxo-5beta, 6beta-epoxy-witha-2-enolide, isolated from the roots of withania somnifera, in a rat model. | histopathological studies of the cutaneous tissues of wistar rats exposed to uv b radiation (294 nm) for 20 days and rats exposed to uv b radiation for 20 days, followed by topical treatment with benzoyl peroxide, a tumor promoter (20 mg/animal/0.2 ml acetone) twice a week for 1 month, and kept under observation for 12 weeks, demonstrate the development of malignancy. pretreatment of the animals with 1-oxo-5beta, 6beta-epoxy-witha-2-enolide (20 mg/kg bwt.), isolated from the roots of withania so ... | 2004 | 15330502 |
| evaluation of the anti-proliferative and anti-oxidative activities of leaf extract from in vivo and in vitro raised ashwagandha. | withania somnifera (ashwagandha) is used in indian traditional medicine, ayurveda and is believed to have a variety of health promoting effects. molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying these effects have not been studied. we tried to characterize various activities of leaf extract of ashwagandha (lash) raised in the field and in the laboratory. we found that the lash from field-raised plants has a significant anti-proliferative activity in human tumorigenic cells. however, it did not impart ... | 2004 | 15500938 |
| withaferin a is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. | the medicinal plant withania somnifera is widely researched for its anti-inflammatory, cardioactive and central nervous system effects. in ayurveda , the major traditional indian medicine system, extracts from w. somnifera are distinctively employed for the treatment of arthritis and menstrual disorders. because these conditions involve angiogenic processes we hypothesized that the w. somnifera extracts might contain angiogenesis inhibitors. we employed an endothelial cell-sprouting assay to mon ... | 2004 | 15516832 |
| neuritic regeneration and synaptic reconstruction induced by withanolide a. | we investigated whether withanolide a (wl-a), isolated from the indian herbal drug ashwagandha (root of withania somnifera), could regenerate neurites and reconstruct synapses in severely damaged neurons. we also investigated the effect of wl-a on memory-deficient mice showing neuronal atrophy and synaptic loss in the brain. axons, dendrites, presynapses, and postsynapses were visualized by immunostaining for phosphorylated neurofilament-h (nf-h), microtubule-associated protein 2 (map2), synapto ... | 2005 | 15711595 |
| genetically modified hairy roots of withania somnifera dunal: a potent source of rejuvenating principles. | transgenic hairy roots were induced from withania somnifera dunal, by infecting leaf explants with agrobacterium rhizogenes. polymerase chain reaction for rol a gene and southern blot confirmed the integration of t-dna in the genome. cultures were grown in murashige and skoog solid as well as in liquid medium. the antioxidant activity was assayed in roots grown in solid media and liquid media. hairy roots grown in liquid media found to possess highly significant activity in 1,1-diphenyl-2-pecryl ... | 2005 | 15798373 |
| antibacterial efficacy of withania somnifera (ashwagandha) an indigenous medicinal plant against experimental murine salmonellosis. | in the present study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of ashwagandha [withania somnifera l. dunal (solanaceae; root and leaves)], an indian traditional medicinal plant against pathogenic bacteria. both aqueous as well as alcoholic extracts of the plant (root as well as leaves) were found to possess strong antibacterial activity against a range of bacteria, as revealed by in vitro agar well diffusion method. the methanolic extract was further subfractionated using various solvents and the ... | 2005 | 15830846 |
| roots of withania somnifera inhibit forestomach and skin carcinogenesis in mice. | we evaluated the cancer chemopreventive efficacy of the withania somnifera root, which has been used in the indian traditional medicine system for many centuries for the treatment of various ailments. since, studies showing its mechanism-based cancer chemopreventive efficacy are limited, this was investigated in the present study. we studied the effect of dietary administration of withania root on hepatic phase i, phase ii and antioxidant enzymes by estimation of its level/activity, as well as i ... | 2005 | 15841284 |
| cytotoxicity of plants used in traditional medicine in yemen. | twenty-five extracts obtained from 14 plant species used in the traditional medicine in yemen have been screened for cytotoxic activity against human ecv-304 cells. extracts of dracaena cinnabari, eucalyptus camaldulensis, euclea divinorum, euphorbia cactus, pulicaria crispa, and withania somnifera displayed a remarkable activity. | 2005 | 15890471 |
| neuroprotective effects of withania somnifera on 6-hydroxydopamine induced parkinsonism in rats. | 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda) is one of the most widely used rat models for parkinson's disease. there is ample evidence in the literature that 6-ohda elicits its toxic manifestations through oxidant stress. in the present study, we evaluated the anti-parkinsonian effects of withania somnifera extract, which has been reported to have potent anti-oxidant, anti-peroxidative and free radical quenching properties in various diseased conditions. rats were pretreated with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b.w. of t ... | 2005 | 15901053 |
| adaptogenic activity of glyco-peptido-lipid fraction from the alcoholic extract of trichopus zeylanicus gaerten (part ii). | anti-stress activity was carried out on glyco-peptido-lipid (af) fraction from the alcoholic extract of trichopus zeylanicus gaerten and demonstrated against a battery of tests in rats and mice. af exhibited significant anti-stress activity in dose-related manners in all the parameters studied against different models used to induce non-specific stress viz physical and chemically. the major parameters studied were immobilization induced gastric ulceration, adjuvant-induced trauma (stress); humor ... | 2005 | 16008124 |
| effect of dianex, a herbal formulation on experimentally induced diabetes mellitus. | dianex, a polyherbal formulation consisting of the aqueous extracts of gymnema sylvestre, eugenia jambolana, momordica charantia azadirachta indica, cassia auriculata, aegle marmelose, withania somnifera and curcuma longa was screened for hypoglycemic activity in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. dianex was administered in different doses of 100-500 mg/kg/day orally in acute (6 h) and long-term (6 weeks) studies. blood glucose levels were checked 2-6 h after treatment in acute stu ... | 2005 | 16106394 |
| withanolides, a new class of natural cholinesterase inhibitors with calcium antagonistic properties. | the withanolides 1-3 and 4-5 isolated from ajuga bracteosa and withania somnifera, respectively, inhibited acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec 3.1.1.7) and butyrylcholinesterase (bche, ec 3.1.1.8) enzymes in a concentration-dependent fashion with ic50 values ranging between 20.5 and 49,2 microm and 29.0 and 85.2 microm for ache and bche, respectively. lineweaver-burk as well as dixon plots and their secondary replots indicated that compounds 1, 3, and 5 are the linear mixed-type inhibitors of ache, w ... | 2005 | 16108094 |
| modulation of tca cycle enzymes and electron transport chain systems in experimental lung cancer. | the modulatory effect of withania somnifera along with paclitaxel on tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle key enzymes and electron transport chain complexes were investigated against lung cancer induced by benzo(a)pyrene in swiss albino mice. decreased activities of tca cycle key enzymes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (icdh), succinate dehydrogenase (sdh), malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (alpha-kgdh) in lung cancer bearing animals were observed. upon w. somnifera alo ... | 2006 | 16143346 |
| enhancement of antitumor effect of paclitaxel in combination with immunomodulatory withania somnifera on benzo(a)pyrene induced experimental lung cancer. | the current experimental work deals with the immunomodulatory studies on the extract of withania somnifera (l.) dunal root powder against benzo(a)pyrene induced lung cancer in male swiss albino mice. in our previous study, we reported the antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effect of w. somnifera (l.) dunal along with paclitaxel. immune dysfunction has been found to be associated with cancer and chemotherapy. benzo(a)pyrene induced cancer animals were treated with 400mg/kg bodyweight of w. somnifer ... | 2006 | 16375880 |
| antiulcer and antioxidant activity of asparagus racemosus willd and withania somnifera dunal in rats. | comparative study of the antiulcer and antisecretory activity of asparagus racemosus willd (shatawari) and withania somnifera dunal (ashwagandha) root extract with a standard drug, ranitidine, in various models of gastric ulcer in rats is presented. ulcer was induced by the indomethacin (nsaid) and swim (restraint) stress treatment. results demonstrated that a. racemosus as well as w. somnifera methanolic extract (100 mg/kg bw/day p.o.) given orally for 15 days significantly reduced the ulcer in ... | 2005 | 16387694 |
| evaluation of the effect of withania somnifera root extracts on cell cycle and angiogenesis. | in the indian system of medicine, the medicinal plant, withania somnifera dunal (solanaceae) finds application for numerous ailments including cancer. this study explores the mechanism(s) underlying this property. the hydroalcoholic extract of the roots (ws) was partitioned between chloroform (ws-chloroform) and water (ws-water). further, ws-chloroform was fractionated (a1-a12) by reverse-phase column chromatography and their withanolide content was quantified by high-performance liquid chromato ... | 2006 | 16412596 |
| new bioactive compounds of plant origin. | crude extracts of withania somnifera (ws) and polygonum equisetiforme (pe) as well as the pure compounds isolated therefrom were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity against 20 bacterial and 17 fungal cultures. the crude extract of pe and ws inhibited the growth of t. mentagrophyte, m. canis and a. boydii at an mic of 450-500 microg/ml whereas the pure compounds inhibited the growth at mic of 300-350 micro/ml. species of corynebacterium, bacillus, streptococcus and staphylococcus w ... | 1991 | 16414690 |
| effect of withania somnifera root extract on reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia and cognitive dysfunction. | tardive dyskinesia is one of the major side effects of long-term neuroleptic treatment. the pathophysiology of this disabling and commonly irreversible movement disorder is still obscure. vacuous chewing movements in rats are widely accepted as an animal model of tardive dyskinesia. oxidative stress and products of lipid peroxidation are implicated in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. repeated treatment with reserpine (1.0 mg/kg) on alternate days for a period of 5 days (days 1, 3 and 5 ... | 2006 | 16444668 |
| purification of a post-synaptic neurotoxic phospholipase a2 from naja naja venom and its inhibition by a glycoprotein from withania somnifera. | a post-synaptic neurotoxic phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) has been purified from indian cobra naja naja venom. it was associated with a peptide in the venom. the association was disrupted using 8 m urea. it is denoted to be a basic protein by its behavior on both ion exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. it is toxic to mice, ld(50) 1.9 mg/kg body weight (ip). it is proved to be post-synaptic pla(2) by chymographic experiment using frog nerve-muscle preparation. a glycoprotein, (wsg) was isol ... | 2006 | 16494989 |
| anti-plasmodial activity and toxicity of extracts of plants used in traditional malaria therapy in meru and kilifi districts of kenya. | the methanol and aqueous extracts of 10 plant species (acacia nilotica, azadirachta indica, carissa edulis, fagaropsis angolensis, harrissonia abyssinica, myrica salicifolia, neoboutonia macrocalyx, strychnos heningsii, withania somnifera and zanthoxylum usambarensis) used to treat malaria in meru and kilifi districts, kenya, were tested for brine shrimp lethality and in vitro anti-plasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum (nf54 ... | 2006 | 16530996 |
| withanoside iv and its active metabolite, sominone, attenuate abeta(25-35)-induced neurodegeneration. | at the present, medication of dementia is limited to symptomatic treatments such as the use of cholinesterase inhibitors. to cure dementia completely, that is regaining neuronal function, reconstruction of neuronal networks is necessary. therefore, we have been exploring antidementia drugs based on reconstructing neuronal networks in the damaged brain and found that withanoside iv (a constituent of ashwagandha; the root of withania somnifera) induced neurite outgrowth in cultured rat cortical ne ... | 2006 | 16553605 |
| withania somnifera improves bone calcification in calcium-deficient ovariectomized rats. | osteoporosis, characterized by reduction in bone density, is a significant source of mortality among the elderly, particularly in oestrogen-deficient women. we studied the effect of withania somnifera (ws) root extract (ethanolic), which contains oestrogen-like withanolides for anti-osteoporotic activity. female sprague-dawley rats were either sham operated (n = 12) or ovariectomized (n = 12) and treated with ws/vehicle (65 mg kg(-1)), orally for 16 weeks (n = 12). all rats were allowed free acc ... | 2006 | 16597369 |
| selective th1 up-regulating activity of withania somnifera aqueous extract in an experimental system using flow cytometry. | withania somnifera (ashwagandha) is reported to be immunoprotective and immunoadjuvant. we studied its roots aqueous extract on t helper (th) immunity using flow cytometry. this extract was standardized with six withanolides as marker compounds using hplc. once daily dose ranging from 25 to 400 mg/kg/p.o. was used to study effect on th1: ifn-gamma, il-2 and th2: il-4 cytokine modulation. we also studied effect on cd4 and cd8 in normal and immunesuppressed mice. the results indicate that extract ... | 2006 | 16603328 |
| hypocholesteremic and antioxidant effects of withania somnifera (dunal) in hypercholesteremic rats. | hypocholesteremic and antioxidant effects of withania somnifera (ws) dunal (solanaceae) were investigated in hypercholesteremic male albino rats. when the root powder of ws was added to the diet at 0.75 and 1.5 gm/rat/day, hypercholesteremic animals registered significant decreases in total lipids (-40.54%; -50.69%), cholesterol (-41.58%; -53.01%) and triglycerides (-31.25%; - 44.85%) in plasma. on the other hand, significant increases in plasma hdl-cholesterol levels (+15.10%; +17.71%), hmg-coa ... | 2007 | 16713218 |