| in vitro binding of parasites (bonamia ostreae) and latex particles by hemocytes of susceptible and insusceptible oysters. | bonamia ostreae is a protozoan parasite that has caused severe losses in the flat oyster (ostrea edulis) industry in europe. the cupped oyster (crassostrea gigas), recently introduced and cultured in europe, is not infected by the disease. in vitro tests were conducted to determine whether there was a difference in the ability of hemocytes from each species to recognize and bind inert foreign particles (fluorescent latex beads) and purified, infective b. ostreae. the results indicated no differe ... | 1988 | 3350192 |
| [true plasmodial forms exist in bonamia ostreae, a pathogen of the european flat oyster ostrea edulis]. | research on the cycle of b. ostreae, a parasite which is responsible for the flat oyster epizooty in brittany (france), has allowed us to describe true plasmodial parasitic forms. this result confirms the appartenance of b. ostreae to the haplosporidian group and definitely discards it from marteilia. | 1982 | 6812890 |
| in vitro activity of the antimicrobial peptide magainin 1 against bonamia ostreae, the intrahemocytic parasite of the flat oyster ostrea edulis. | magainins are peptide antibiotics with broad antibacterial and antiparasitic activities, originally extracted from the skin of xenopus laevis. we investigated the effects of magainin 1 against bonamia ostreae, the intrahemocytic parasite of the flat oyster ostrea edulis. viability of purified protozoa was assessed microscopically by the uptake of the vital dyes acridine orange and ethidium bromide. following exposure to magainin 1, bonamia viability was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. within ... | 1994 | 7704115 |
| in vitro activity of the limulus antimicrobial peptide tachyplesin i on marine bivalve pathogens | tachyplesin 1 is an antimicrobial peptide extracted from hemocytes of the japanese horseshoe crab tachypleus tridentatus. we studied the in vitro activity of tachyplesin i against bivalve pathogens: the oyster parasites bonamia ostreae, the intrahemocytic parasite of the flat oyster ostrea edulis and perkinsus marinus, the histozoic parasite of the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica, and the bacterium vibrio p1, pathogenic for the clam tapes philippinarum. viability of the protozoans was asses ... | 1997 | 9056468 |
| detection of bonamia ostreae based on small subunit ribosomal probe. | bonamia ostreae is a protozoan parasite of the flat oyster, ostrea edulis, which has caused significant loss of oysters in europe over the last decade. b. ostreae was purified from infected flat oysters and dna was extracted. the nearly complete small subunit rdna gene of b. ostreae was amplified using universal oligonucleotides and the pcr product was cloned and sequenced. blast research with this sequence revealed similarities to haplosporidium nelsoni, haplosporidium costale, and minchinia te ... | 2000 | 10963400 |
| enzymatic activities in european flat oyster, ostrea edulis, and pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, hemolymph. | enzymatic activities in the hemolymph of healthy and bonamia-infected ostrea edulis and crassostrea gigas were studied with a commercial kit for the detection of 19 enzymes: 15 and 16 enzymes, respectively, were detected in the hemolymph of o. edulis and c. gigas and 10 of them showed relatively high activity levels. most of them existed in both the cell-free fraction of the hemolymph and in the hemocytes. the cell-free hemolymph fraction of bonamia ostreae-infected european flat oysters showed ... | 2000 | 11023742 |
| development of a pcr assay for detection of the oyster pathogen bonamia ostreae and support for its inclusion in the haplosporidia. | the development of diagnostic assays more sensitive and specific than traditional histological techniques is important for the management of bonamiasis in flat oysters ostrea edulis. a specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocol was developed for the detection of very small amounts of bonamia ostreae (pichot et al. 1980) ribosomal dna (rdna) in bulk dna from oyster gill and hemolymph. the presence of a 760 bp pcr amplification product corresponded with b. ostreae infections determined cyto ... | 2000 | 11104071 |
| influence of parentage upon growth in ostrea edulis: evidence for inbreeding depression. | genetic variability for growth was analysed in three populations of ostrea edulis, selected for resistance to the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae. this study was undertaken first to determine the potential for selection for growth in populations that have never been selected for this character, and second to estimate heterosis versus inbreeding depression. growth was monitored in culture for 10 months. the selected populations (namely s85-g3, s891-g2 and s89w-g2), their crossbred population a ... | 2000 | 11132409 |
| lysozyme activity and protein concentration in the haemolymph of the flat oyster ostrea edulis (l.). | lysozyme activity and protein concentration in the haemolymph of the flat oyster ostrea edulis were investigated. these biochemical constituents of the haemolymph could be an indication of the physiological condition and vitality of the defence system of an animal. haemolymph protein and lysozyme in oysters were examined over an 18 month period to determine their relationship with the strain of oyster, the season, the site, and parasitism by bonamia ostreae. haemolymph protein concentration exhi ... | 2001 | 11592588 |
| population bottleneck and effective size in bonamia ostreae-resistant populations of ostrea edulis as inferred by microsatellite markers. | genetic variability at five microsatellite loci was analysed in three hatchery-propagated populations of the flat oyster, ostrea edulis. these populations were part of a selection programme for resistance to the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae and were produced by mass spawns, without control of the genealogy. evidence for population bottlenecks and inbreeding was sought. a reduction in the number of alleles, mainly due to the loss of rare alleles, was observed in all selected populations, re ... | 2001 | 11865715 |
| changes in circulating and tissue-infiltrating hemocyte parameters of european flat oysters, ostrea edulis, naturally infected with bonamia ostreae. | we assayed european flat oyster, ostrea edulis, hemocyte parameters, circulating and tissue-infiltrating hemocyte densities, circulating hemocyte type distribution and lysosomal enzyme contents, to possibly relate these hematological parameters to bonamia ostreae infection. circulating hemocyte densities were not statistically different between infected and uninfected oysters. in contrast, the number of tissue-infiltrating hemocytes increased with infection intensity suggesting a recruitment pro ... | 2003 | 12725808 |
| detection of the oyster parasite bonamia ostreae by fluorescent in situ hybridization. | bonamia ostreae is an economically significant protistan parasite of the flat oyster ostrea edulis in europe and north america. management of this parasite depends partly upon its reliable identification in wild and aquacultured oyster populations, but b. ostreae is small and difficult to detect by traditional microscopic methods. we designed a fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) assay to sensitively detect b. ostreae in standard histopathological sections of b. ostreae-infected oysters usi ... | 2003 | 13677511 |
| comparison of light microscopic techniques for the diagnosis of the infection of the european flat oyster ostrea edulis by the protozoan bonamia ostreae. | a comparison among various histological techniques for the detection of the parasite bonamia ostreae in oysters ostrea edulis was performed to evaluate their sensitivity and suitability for different purposes. the comparison involved examination of histological sections, tissue imprints from gills, digestive gland, gonad and heart, and haemolymph cell monolayers, prepared through various protocols. every technique produced some false negative. the haemolymph cell monolayers were more sensitive t ... | 2004 | 15050839 |
| pathology of bonamiasis. | bonamiasis is a serious disease affecting the oyster industry, particularly in europe where it has caused catastrophic losses since its appearance in 1979. the causative agent is now recognized as a protistan, bonamia ostreae(1,2), which aggressively infects ostrea species to cause clinical disease that rapidly spreads through oyster stocks, usually causing heavy mortalities. the economic importance o f this parasite has generated wide interest but, as david bucke discusses here, neither its tax ... | 1988 | 15463078 |
| bonamia perspora n. sp. (haplosporidia), a parasite of the oyster ostreola equestris, is the first bonamia species known to produce spores. | examination of the oyster ostreola equestris as a potential reservoir host for a species of bonamia discovered in crassostrea ariakensis in north carolina (nc), usa, revealed a second novel bonamia sp. histopathology, electron microscopy, and molecular phylogenetic analysis support the designation of a new parasite species, bonamia perspora n. sp., which is the first bonamia species shown to produce a typical haplosporidian spore with an orifice and hinged operculum. spores were confirmed to be ... | 2006 | 16872291 |
| investigating the possible role of benthic macroinvertebrates and zooplankton in the life cycle of the haplosporidian bonamia ostreae. | bonamia ostreae is a protistan parasite of the european flat oyster, ostrea edulis. though direct transmission of the parasite can occur between oysters, it is unclear if this represents the complete life cycle of the parasite, and the role of a secondary or intermediate host or carrier species cannot be ruled out. in this preliminary study, benthic macroinvertebrates and zooplankton from a b. ostreae-endemic area were screened for the presence of parasite dna, using polymerase chain reaction (p ... | 2007 | 17118355 |
| characterization of actin genes in bonamia ostreae and their application to phylogeny of the haplosporidia. | bonamia ostreae is a protozoan parasite that infects the european flat oyster ostrea edulis, causing systemic infections and resulting in massive mortalities in populations of this valuable bivalve species. in this work, we have characterized b. ostreae actin genes and used their sequences for a phylogenetic analysis. design of different primer sets was necessary to amplify the central coding region of actin genes of b. ostreae. characterization of the sequences and their amplification in differ ... | 2007 | 17672924 |
| detection of minchinia sp., in rock oysters saccostrea cuccullata (born, 1778) using dna probes. | haplosporidian parasites infect various invertebrate hosts including some commercially important shellfish. haplosporidium nelsoni (along with perkinsus marinus) has severely affected eastern oyster production on the eastern seaboard of the united states and flat oyster production in europe has been severely impacted by bonamia ostreae. these parasites are also often present at a very low prevalence and there are a variety of morphologically similar species that can be difficult to differentiate ... | 2008 | 17709114 |
| variability of haemocyte and haemolymph parameters in european flat oyster ostrea edulis families obtained from brood stocks of different geographical origins and relation with infection by the protozoan bonamia ostreae. | a research project to compare productive traits (growth and mortality), disease susceptibility and immune capability between ostrea edulis stocks was performed. this article reports the results on the immune capability and its relation with infection by the intrahaemocytic protozoan bonamia ostreae. four to five oyster spat families were produced from each of four european flat oyster populations (one from ireland, one from greece and two from galicia, spain) in a hatchery. the spat were transfe ... | 2008 | 18329903 |
| first report of a mikrocytos-like parasite in european oysters ostrea edulis from canada after transport and quarantine in france. | as part of a disease resistance experiment, 112 apparently healthy european flat oysters ostrea edulis l. were exported from canada (nova scotia) into france to test their susceptibility to bonamia ostreae infection. twelve oysters died in transit and 17 others died within 2 wk of laboratory quarantine acclimation. all oysters were examined histologically, and the 17 that died during quarantine were assayed for microcells (bonamia sp. and mikrocytos mackini) using molecular techniques. a microce ... | 2008 | 18714681 |
| combining two-stage testing and interval mapping strategies to detect qtl for resistance to bonamiosis in the european flat oyster ostrea edulis. | we have identified quantitative trait loci (qtl) in the flat oyster (ostrea edulis) for resistance to bonamia ostreae, a parasite responsible for the dramatic reduction in the aquaculture of this species. an f(2) family from a cross between a wild oyster and an individual from a family selected for resistance to bonamiosis was cultured with wild oysters injected with the parasite, leading to 20% cumulative mortality. selective genotyping of 92 out of a total of 550 f(2) progeny (i.e., 46 heavily ... | 2009 | 19139958 |
| infection with the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae modifies in vitro haemocyte activities of flat oyster ostrea edulis. | bonamia ostreae is an intracellular protozoan parasite, infecting haemocytes of the european flat oyster ostrea edulis. oyster defence mechanisms mainly rely on haemocytes. in the present study in vitro interactions between parasites and flat oyster haemocytes were investigated using flow cytometry and light microscopy. haemocyte parameters including: non specific esterase activity, reactive oxygen species (ros) production and phagocytosis were monitored using flow cytometry after 2 h cell incub ... | 2009 | 19358892 |
| effects of temperature and salinity on the survival of bonamia ostreae, a parasite infecting flat oysters ostrea edulis. | bonamiosis due to the intrahaemocytic protistan parasite bonamia ostreae is a european endemic disease affecting the flat oyster ostrea edulis. the parasite has been described in various ecosystems from estuaries to open sea, but no clear correlation has yet been demonstrated between disease development and environmental parameters. in this study, the effect of temperature and salinity on the survival of purified parasites maintained in vitro in seawater was investigated by flow cytometry. purif ... | 2009 | 19593935 |
| molecular detection and quantification of the protozoan bonamia ostreae in the flat oyster, ostrea edulis. | bonamia ostreae is an intracellular protozoan which is recognized as a cause of mortality in european populations of flat oysters (ostrea edulis). based on the recent characterization of actin genes of b. ostreae, specific primers were designed for real-time pcr using sybr green chemistry. specificity was demonstrated by the unique melting temperature peak observed in positive samples and by the lack of amplification in samples of oysters infected by closely related parasites, including bonamia ... | 2009 | 19596439 |
| observation of a bonamia sp. infecting the oyster ostrea stentina in tunisia, and a consideration of its phylogenetic affinities. | the small non-commercial oyster ostrea stentina co-occurs with commercially important ostrea edulis in the mediterranean sea, yet its disposition with respect to the destructive pathogens bonamia ostreae and marteilia refringens is unknown. we began an evaluation of the bonamia spp. infection status of o. stentina from hammamet, tunisia, in june 2007 using polymerase chain reaction diagnostics followed by histology and in situ hybridization. of 85 o. stentina sampled, nine were pcr-positive for ... | 2010 | 20036670 |
| observations raise the question if the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, can act as either a carrier or a reservoir for bonamia ostreae or bonamia exitiosa. | this study investigated the ability of the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas, to act as a carrier or reservoir of the protistan bonamia ostreae. studies were carried out independently in ireland and in spain. naïve c. gigas were exposed to b. ostreae both in the field and in the laboratory via natural exposure or experimental injection. naïve flat oysters, ostrea edulis, were placed in tanks with previously exposed c. gigas. oysters were screened for b. ostreae by examination of ventricular hear ... | 2010 | 20388237 |
| detection of bonamia ostreae and b. exitiosa (haplosporidia) in ostrea edulis from the adriatic sea (italy). | the flat oyster ostrea edulis l. is widespread along the italian coasts. in particular, the manfredonia gulf (adriatic sea) represents an important site where natural beds subsist. previous monitoring conducted in 1990 by light microscopy and ultrastructural studies revealed the presence of bonamia-like microcell parasites in some flat oysters: following this observation, a new sampling of o. edulis was carried out at this location in 2007. of 750 oysters collected, 3 showed the presence of unin ... | 2010 | 20391915 |
| identification of genes from flat oyster ostrea edulis as suitable housekeeping genes for quantitative real time pcr. | bonamia ostreae is an intrahaemocytic protozoan affecting ostrea edulis. the parasite multiplies within haemocytes without being degraded and involves changes in cellular activities. studies aiming at better understanding host response to a pathogen at the transcriptome levels are frequently based on the use of real time pcr assays, which require some reference genes. however, very few sequence data is available for o. edulis in public databases. subtracted cdna libraries were constructed from t ... | 2010 | 20696253 |
| molecular responses of ostrea edulis haemocytes to an in vitro infection with bonamia ostreae. | bonamiosis due to the parasite bonamia ostreae is a disease affecting the flat oyster ostrea edulis. b. ostreae is a protozoan, affiliated to the order of haplosporidia and to the cercozoan phylum. this parasite is mainly intracellular, infecting haemocytes, cells notably involved in oyster defence mechanisms. suppression subtractive hybridisation (ssh) was carried out in order to identify oyster genes differentially expressed during an infection of haemocytes with b. ostreae. forward and revers ... | 2010 | 21073892 |
| can the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae infect larvae of flat oysters ostrea edulis? | bonamia ostreae is an intracellular protistan parasite affecting flat oysters ostrea edulis. it can be detected in juveniles but mortalities mainly affect oysters which are more than 2 years old. the parasite is usually observed inside haemocytes and sometimes free, notably in gill epithelia suggesting a parasite release through this organ. however, the infective form and ways of entry and release remain undetermined. flat oysters incubate their larvae in their pallial cavity for 8-10 days befor ... | 2011 | 21334809 |
| cellular and molecular responses of haemocytes from ostrea edulis during in vitro infection by the parasite bonamia ostreae. | bonamia ostreae is a protozoan, affiliated to the order haplosporidia and to the phylum cercozoa. this parasite is intracellular and infects haemocytes, cells notably involved in oyster defence mechanisms. bonamiosis due to the parasite b. ostreae is a disease affecting the flat oyster, ostrea edulis. the strategies used by protozoan parasites to circumvent host defence mechanisms remain largely unknown in marine bivalve molluscs. in the present work, in vitro experiments were carried out in ord ... | 2011 | 21447342 |
| characterization of 27 microsatellite loci in the european flat oyster ostrea edulis. | the flat oyster ostrea edulis is native to europe and populations have been severely depleted by the parasite bonamia ostreae since the 1980s. additional genetic markers are required to improve population genetics study and linkage map development for selection for b. ostrea-resistance in this species. here, we characterized 27 novel microsatellite loci for o. edulis. number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 25 and observed heterozygosity between 0.375 and 1. null alleles were suggested at a ... | 2009 | 21564805 |
| identification and expression of immune genes in the flat oyster ostrea edulis in response to bonamiosis. | the european flat ostrea edulis is highly susceptible to infection by the protozoan bonamia ostreae and bonamia exitiosa, intracellular parasites able to survive and proliferate within the oyster haemocytes. the parasite, once phagocytosed by the haemocyte, the main cellular effector of the immune system, appears to have some counter mechanism that turns off the haemocyte's metabolic destructive capacity, so that the parasite survives within the cell. to further understand the molecular basis of ... | 2012 | 22085815 |
| comparison of haemocytic parameters among flat oyster ostrea edulis stocks with different susceptibility to bonamiosis and the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas. | farming of the flat oyster ostrea edulis in europe is severely constrained by the protozoan bonamia ostreae. the introduction of the resistant species crassostrea gigas has been a relief for the farmers, while the pilot programmes to select o. edulis strains resistant to bonamiosis performed in various countries can be seen as a promising strategy to minimise the effects of bonamiosis. however, the physiological bases of this differential susceptibility remain unknown. a search for an explanatio ... | 2012 | 22245470 |
| whole-genome amplification: a useful approach to characterize new genes in unculturable protozoan parasites such as bonamia exitiosa. | bonamia exitiosa is an intracellular parasite (haplosporidia) that has been associated with mass mortalities in oyster populations in the southern hemisphere. this parasite was recently detected in the northern hemisphere including europe. some representatives of the bonamia genus have not been well categorized yet due to the lack of genomic information. in the present work, we have applied whole-genome amplification (wga) technique in order to characterize the actin gene in the unculturable pro ... | 2015 | 26282916 |
| detection of bonamia exitiosa in the european flat oyster ostrea edulis in southern portugal. | | 2016 | 26096446 |
| detection of bonamia exitiosa (haplosporidia) in european flat oysters ostrea edulis cultivated in mainland britain. | following a reported mortality event of european flat oysters ostrea edulis in southwestern england in december 2010, a sample of 30 oysters was examined using histology and molecular techniques. histological examination of the oysters revealed the presence of microcell stages in the haemocytes and connective tissues of 3 out of the 30 animals examined. one animal showing marked haemocyte infiltration of the connective tissues was considered to be infected with bonamia ostreae based on the prese ... | 2013 | 24113250 |
| bonamia exitiosa (haplosporidia) observed infecting the european flat oyster ostrea edulis cultured on the spanish mediterranean coast. | bonamia exitiosa and bonamia ostreae are parasites that reproduce within the haemocytes of several oyster species. in europe, the host species is the flat oyster ostrea edulis. the parasite b. ostreae has been responsible for mortalities since the late 1970s throughout the european atlantic coast. b. exitiosa was first detected, in 2007, on this continent in flat oysters cultured in galicia (nw spain). since then, the parasite has also been detected in france, italy and the united kingdom. the b ... | 2012 | 22465568 |
| construction of an ostrea edulis database from genomic and expressed sequence tags (ests) obtained from bonamia ostreae infected haemocytes: development of an immune-enriched oligo-microarray. | the flat oyster, ostrea edulis, is one of the main farmed oysters, not only in europe but also in the united states and canada. bonamiosis due to the parasite bonamia ostreae has been associated with high mortality episodes in this species. this parasite is an intracellular protozoan that infects haemocytes, the main cells involved in oyster defence. due to the economical and ecological importance of flat oyster, genomic data are badly needed for genetic improvement of the species, but they are ... | 2016 | 27815201 |
| flat oyster follows the apoptosis pathway to defend against the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae. | the in vitro model ostrea edulis hemocyte - bonamia ostreae is interesting to investigate host-parasite interactions at the cellular level. indeed, this unicellular parasite infects the flat oyster ostrea edulis and multiplies within hemocytes, the central effectors of oyster defenses. apoptosis is a mechanism used by many organisms to eliminate infected cells. in order to study the potential involvement of this mechanism in the oyster response to b. ostreae, in vitro experiments were carried ou ... | 2016 | 27431587 |
| investigating the significance of the role of ostrea edulis larvae in the transmission and transfer of bonamia ostreae. | in this study, the ability of oyster larvae, brooded in the pallial cavity of the parent oyster, to become infected in the pallial fluid, which is influenced by the brooding oyster and surrounding environment, was investigated. larvae were collected over three summers from three areas around ireland. samples were screened for the presence of bonamia ostreae dna using pcr analysis. four samples of larvae were found to be positive for b. ostreae dna, though the parent oysters were negative for inf ... | 2016 | 26880159 |
| bonamia ostreae in the new zealand oyster ostrea chilensis: a new host and geographic record for this haplosporidian parasite. | previous reports of the haplosporidian parasite bonamia ostreae have been restricted to the northern hemisphere, including europe, and both eastern and western north america. this species is reported for the first time in new zealand infecting the flat oyster ostrea chilensis. histological examination of 149 adult oysters identified 119 (79.9%) infected with bonamia microcells. bonamia generic pcr of several oysters followed by dna sequencing of a 300 bp portion of the 18s rdna gene produced a 1 ... | 2016 | 26865235 |
| screening of repetitive motifs inside the genome of the flat oyster (ostrea edulis): transposable elements and short tandem repeats. | the flat oyster (ostrea edulis) is one of the most appreciated molluscs in europe, but its production has been greatly reduced by the parasite bonamia ostreae. here, new generation genomic resources were used to analyse the repetitive fraction of the oyster genome, with the aim of developing molecular markers to face this main oyster production challenge. the resulting oyster database, consists of two sets of 10,318 and 7159 unique contigs (4.8 mbp and 6.8 mbp in total length) representing the o ... | 2015 | 26341181 |
| new perspective on the haplosporidian parasites of molluscs. | the protist phylum haplosporidia comprises over 40 described species with representatives infecting a range of mollusc hosts, including several ecologically and economically significant pathogens. continuing exploration of haplosporidian diversity has added ten new species in recent years and brought the phylogenetics of the group into somewhat clearer focus, with monophyletic bonamia and minchinia lineages continuing to be supported. however, the addition of new sequences to phylogenetic analys ... | 2015 | 26264670 |
| oral immunostimulation of the oyster ostrea edulis: impacts on the parasite bonamia ostreae. | bioactive compounds were orally administered to the native european oyster ostrea edulis to evaluate the immune response and the progression of infection of the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae. the immunostimulants lipopolysaccharide and zymosan directly administrated to the water column induced an increase in lysozyme activity and the percentage of granulocytes in naïve oysters over a period of 7 days. in another set of experiments, zymosan and curdlan were microencapsulated in alginate and ... | 2015 | 25652290 |
| oyster parasites bonamia ostreae and b. exitiosa co-occur in galicia (nw spain): spatial distribution and infection dynamics. | bonamiosis constrains the flat oyster industry worldwide. the protistan species bonamia ostreae had been considered solely responsible for this disease in europe, but the report of b. exitiosa infecting ostrea edulis 5 yr ago in galicia (nw spain), and subsequently in other european countries, raised the question of the relevance of each species in bonamiosis. the spatial distribution of b. exitiosa and b. ostreae in galicia was addressed by sampling 7 natural o. edulis beds and 3 culture raft a ... | 2014 | 25060504 |
| thirty-year history of irish (rossmore) ostrea edulis selectively bred for disease resistance to bonamia ostreae. | the protistan pathogen bonamia ostreae was first detected in ostrea edulis at rossmore, cork harbour, on the south coast of ireland in 1987. a selective breeding programme commenced in 1988 by atlantic shellfish ltd. to produce b. ostreae-resistant oysters using 3 to 4 yr old survivors as broodstock for controlled spawning in land-based spatting ponds. on-growing of oyster spat settled on mussel cultch was carried out on designated beds within cork harbour. oyster production subsequently increas ... | 2014 | 25060503 |
| epidemiology of bonamia in the uk, 1982 to 2012. | bonamiasis, caused by bonamia ostreae, was confirmed in native flat oysters ostrea edulis l. in england in 1982. hudson & hill (1991; aquaculture 93:279-285) documented investigations into the initial spread of the disease in wild and cultivated stocks of native oysters in the uk. they also described the controls that were initially applied to prevent the further spread of the pathogen. this paper reports on subsequent controls and associated monitoring applied in the uk and reports on the epide ... | 2014 | 25060502 |
| interlaboratory variability in screening for bonamia ostreae, a protistan parasite of the european flat oyster ostrea edulis. | the spread of the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae is of major concern to the european flat oyster ostrea edulis industry. many studies have looked at the sensitivity of individual methods available to screen for b. ostreae, but in this study, 3 separate laboratories examined 4 methods of diagnosis currently used routinely in laboratories: heart imprints, histology, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and in situ hybridisation (ish). the results were compared to estimate interlaboratory variabilit ... | 2014 | 25060501 |
| role of micrornas in the immunity process of the flat oyster ostrea edulis against bonamiosis. | micrornas (mirnas) are small (∼22nt) non-coding regulatory single strand rna molecules that reduce stability and/or translation of sequence-complementary target. mirnas are a key component of gene regulatory networks and have been involved in a wide variety of biological processes, such as signal transduction, cell proliferation and apoptosis. many mirnas are broadly conserved among the animal lineages and even between invertebrates and vertebrates. the european flat oyster ostrea edulis is high ... | 2014 | 25008434 |
| detection and characterization of bonamia ostreae in ostrea edulis imported to china. | the protozoan parasite bonamia ostreae is a destructive pathogen of flat oysters and has been reported to be widespread in europe and north america. the biological characteristics of this unicellular parasite are still not fully understood. in this study, 104 ostrea edulis imported from the usa to the guangdong province of china for consumption were examined for bonamia infection. pcr assay, combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism, sequencing and blast analysis, showed that b. ost ... | 2013 | 24062556 |
| species-specific diagnostic assays for bonamia ostreae and b. exitiosa in european flat oyster ostrea edulis: conventional, real-time and multiplex pcr. | bonamia ostreae and b. exitiosa have caused mass mortalities of various oyster species around the world and co-occur in some european areas. the world organisation for animal health (oie) has included infections with both species in the list of notifiable diseases. however, official methods for species-specific diagnosis of either parasite have certain limitations. in this study, new species-specific conventional pcr (cpcr) and real-time pcr techniques were developed to diagnose each parasite sp ... | 2013 | 23709468 |
| heat shock protein 90 of bonamia ostreae: characterization and possible correlation with infection of the flat oyster, ostrea edulis. | in this study, we described the cytosolic hsp90 of bonamia ostreae, an intracellular parasite of ostrea edulis hemocytes. the complete open reading frame was assembled by rapid amplification cdna ends reactions on cdna of b. ostreae-infected hemocytes. hsp90 amplification was corroborated in infected oysters and b. ostreae purified cells. the functionality of the hsp90, studied by inhibitory assays with radicicol, suggests that this protein may play a role in hemocyte invasion. our results infor ... | 2013 | 23489327 |
| a duplex quantitative real-time pcr assay for the detection of haplosporidium and perkinsus species in shellfish. | a duplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (dq-pcr) assay was optimized to simultaneously detect haplosporidium spp. and perkinsus spp. of shellfish in one reaction. two sets of specific oligonucleotide primers for haplosporidium spp. and perkinsus spp., along with two hydrolysis probes specific for each parasite group, were used in the assay. the dq-pcr results were detected and analyzed using the light cycler 2.0 software system. the dq-pcr identified and differentiated the two ... | 2013 | 23371501 |
| new insights in flat oyster ostrea edulis resistance against the parasite bonamia ostreae. | bonamiosis due to the parasite bonamia ostreae has been associated with massive mortality in flat oyster stocks in europe. control of the disease currently relies on disease management practices and transfer restriction. previously, massal selections based on survival to challenge to infection with b. ostreae have been applied to produce flat oyster families with resistant progeny. in an attempt to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in disease resistance, differentially expressed seque ... | 2012 | 22406616 |