| osteomyelitis associated with salmonella enterica ss arizonae in a colony of ridgenose rattlesnakes (crotalus willardi). | the identification of three arizona ridgenose rattlesnakes (crotalus willardi) with salmonella arizonae-associated osteomyelitis led to a 5-yr prospective study of radiographic signs and salmonella intestinal carriage rates in a 19-member colony of this rattlesnake species. ventrodorsal radiographs were performed and cloacal swabs were cultured for salmonella spp. annually. ten snakes survived the 5-yr period, with six of them remaining free of bony lesions. three snakes that had no bony lesions ... | 2002 | 12564525 |
| comparison of phenotypic traits and genetic relatedness of salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae isolates from a colony of ridgenose rattlesnakes with osteomyelitis. | reptiles are well-known sources of human salmonella infections; however, little is known about the ability of salmonella to cause disease in reptiles. thirty-seven isolates of salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae (s. arizonae) were obtained from retrospective and prospective studies of a closed colony of ridgenose rattlesnakes (crotalus willardi) with osteomyelitis. all isolates (n = 7) from bone lesions were of a single serotype, 56:z4,z23, and this serotype was found on only 1 occasion amon ... | 2003 | 12918823 |
| salmonella surveillance in a collection of rattlesnakes (crotalus spp.). | over the past 15 yr, salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae (iiia) 56:z4,z23:- has repeatedly been isolated from individual crotalus willardi rattlesnakes with progressively debilitating osteomyelitis at the knoxville zoological gardens. in april 2004, the serotype was linked with a fatal case of septicemia in another crotalus species in this collection. although the association of iiia 56:z4,z23:- with disease in this colony of c. willardi is well established, prior disease or isolation of this sero ... | 2006 | 17319129 |
| nowhere to go but up: impacts of climate change on demographics of a short-range endemic (crotalus willardi obscurus) in the sky-islands of southwestern north america. | biodiversity elements with narrow niches and restricted distributions (i.e., 'short range endemics,' sres) are particularly vulnerable to climate change. the new mexico ridge-nosed rattlesnake (crotalus willardi obscurus, cwo), an sre listed under the u.s. endangered species act within three sky islands of southwestern north america, is constrained at low elevation by drought and at high elevation by wildfire. we combined long-term recapture and molecular data with demographic and niche modeling ... | 2015 | 26114622 |
| venom phenotypes of the rock rattlesnake (crotalus lepidus) and the ridge-nosed rattlesnake (crotalus willardi) from méxico and the united states. | although the mexican highlands has the highest diversity of small-bodied rattlesnakes in the world, studies on the species found throughout this region have been relatively scarce. this has led to challenges with examining venom phenotypic characteristics, as well as species misidentifications and misclassifications. in the current study we investigated venom variation among four subspecies of crotalus lepidus (c. l. klaluberi, c. l. lepidus, c. l. maculosus, c. l. morulus) and four subspecies o ... | 2017 | 28827138 |
| spinal cord glioma in a ridge-nosed rattlesnake (crotalus willardi). | an 11-yr-old, female arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake (crotalus willardi) had a 1-yr history of retained egg masses and decreased mobility in the caudal two-thirds of the body. the snake was euthanized when it became unable to right itself. at necropsy, the caudal portion of the spinal cord was found to be enlarged, soft, and translucent pale gray. microscopically, the caudal portion of the spinal cord was segmentally replaced by a neoplastic mass composed of cells resembling glia (oligodendrocyt ... | 2005 | 17323575 |
| arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake envenomation: case report of a personal encounter with the official state reptile of arizona, crotalus willardi willardi. | this case report describes the effects of an envenomation from one of the most infrequently encountered species of rattlesnake in the united states, crotalus willardi willardi (c. w. willardi), the arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake. a previously healthy 57-year-old male sustained a bite to his non-dominant hand from a c. w. willardi. the most pronounced effect from the envenomation was edema and progression of edema that extended from his hand to the mid bicep. he also experienced erythema and ten ... | 2018 | 29981814 |