| comparative susceptibility of southeast asian anopheles mosquitoes to the simian malaria parasite plasmodium cynomolgi. | seven anopheles species/isolates were compared with anopheles dirus (control) for susceptibility to plasmodium cynomolgi b strain. the mean numbers of oocysts in paired replicates of an. dirus and an. takasagoensis were not significantly different. the remaining test species had significantly fewer mean numbers of oocysts than anopheles dirus (p less than 0.01). anopheles dirus had the highest percentage of mosquitoes infected with p. cynomolgi sporozoites (82%). of the test groups, anopheles di ... | 1991 | 1791460 |
| a glycine- and glutamate-rich protein is female salivary gland-specific and abundant in the malaria vector anopheles dirus b (diptera: culicidae). | before transmission, malaria parasites reside in the salivary glands of their female mosquito hosts. saliva proteins assist in blood feeding and also may influence the ability of mosquitoes to transmit malaria. we attempted to identify and isolate cdnas encoding proteins expressed at a high level in the salivary glands of a malaria vector, anopheles dirus b peyton and harrison (= an. cracens) (diptera: culicidae). a major protein with an estimated molecular mass of 35 kda and an isoelectric poin ... | 2006 | 17017221 |
| salivary gland proteins of the human malaria vector, anopheles dirus b (diptera: culicidae). | salivary gland proteins of the human malaria vector, anopheles dirus b were determined and analyzed. the amount of salivary gland proteins in mosquitoes aged between 3--10 days was approximately 1.08 +/- 0.04 microg/female and 0.1 +/- 0.05 microg/male. the salivary glands of both sexes displayed the same morphological organization as that of other anopheline mosquitoes. in females, apyrase accumulated in the distal regions, whereas alpha-glucosidase was found in the proximal region of the latera ... | 2007 | 17384813 |
| plasmodium knowlesi in humans, macaques and mosquitoes in peninsular malaysia. | abstract: | 2008 | 18710577 |
| the susceptibility of anopheles lesteri to infection with korean strain of plasmodium vivax. | following its recent re-emergence, malaria has gained renewed attention as a serious infectious disease in korea. three species of the hyrcanusgroup, anopheles lesteri, anopheles sinensis and anopheles pullus, have long been suspected malaria vectors. however, opinions about their vector ability are controversial. the present study was designed with the aim of determining the susceptibility of these mosquitoes to a korean isolate of plasmodium vivax. also, an. sinensis is primarily suspected to ... | 2009 | 19284634 |
| human plasmodium knowlesi infections in young children in central vietnam. | considering increasing reports on human infections by plasmodium knowlesi in southeast asian countries, blood samples collected during two large cross-sectional malariometric surveys carried out in a forested area of central vietnam in 2004 and 2005 were screened for this parasite. | 2009 | 19878553 |
| expression and characterization of three new glutathione transferases, an epsilon (acgste2-2), omega (acgsto1-1), and theta (acgstt1-1) from anopheles cracens (diptera: culicidae), a major thai malaria vector. | glutathione transferases (gsts) (e.c.2.5.1.18) are multifunctional enzymes involved in the detoxification of many exogenous and endogenous compounds. this study aimed to characterize several new gsts from anopheles cracens, a major thai malaria vector formerly known as anopheles dirus. the three recombinant enzymes obtained were from the epsilon, theta and omega classes. they showed 80-93% identity to orthologous an. gambiae gsts. acgste2-2 possessed peroxidase activity that cannot be detected f ... | 2010 | 20380296 |
| plasmodium knowlesi in humans: a review on the role of its vectors in malaysia. | plasmodium knowlesi in humans is life threatening, is on the increase and has been reported from most states in malaysia. anopheles latens and anopheles cracens have been incriminated as vectors. malaria is now a zoonoses and is occurring in malaria free areas of malaysia. it is also a threat to eco-tourism. the importance of the vectors and possible control measures is reviewed here. | 2010 | 20562807 |
| molecular epidemiological investigation of plasmodium knowlesi in humans and macaques in singapore. | singapore reported its first locally acquired human plasmodium knowlesi infection in 2007, involving a soldier who had undergone training in a forested area where long-tailed macaques are frequently seen. comprehensive disease surveillance and monitoring system that was set up after the initial case detected four additional human p. knowlesi cases in 2007 and one in 2008. all involved military personnel who had undergone training in the forested area, and none had traveled out of singapore 1 mon ... | 2011 | 20586605 |
| susceptibility of anopheles campestris-like and anopheles barbirostris species complexes to plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in thailand. | nine colonies of five sibling species members of anopheles barbirostris complexes were experimentally infected with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. they were then dissected eight and 14 days after feeding for oocyst and sporozoite rates, respectively, and compared with anopheles cracens. the results revealed that anopheles campestris-like forms e (chiang mai) and f (udon thani) as well as an. barbirostris species a3 and a4 were non-potential vectors for p. falciparum because 0% oocys ... | 2011 | 21340364 |
| imported plasmodium knowlesi malaria in a french tourist returning from thailand. | we report a case of imported plasmodium knowlesi malaria in a french tourist following a vacation in thailand. this case shows, first, tourists may contract knowlesi malaria even only staying on the beach and second, the diagnosis remains difficult, even with polymerase chain reaction methods. | 2011 | 21460005 |
| Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria in humans and macaques, Thailand. | Naturally acquired human infections with Plasmodium knowlesi are endemic to Southeast Asia. To determine the prevalence of P. knowlesi malaria in malaria-endemic areas of Thailand, we analyzed genetic characteristics of P. knowlesi circulating among naturally infected macaques and humans. This study in 2008-2009 and retrospective analysis of malaria species in human blood samples obtained in 1996 from 1 of these areas showed that P. knowlesi accounted for 0.67% and 0.48% of human malaria cases, ... | 2011 | 22000348 |
| comparative studies on the stenogamous and eurygamous behavior of eight anopheles species of the hyrcanus group (diptera: culicidae) in thailand. | establishment of laboratory colony is essential for mosquito-borne-disease research. mating behavior of stenogamous anopheles peditaeniatus and seven eurygamous species (anopheles argyropus, anopheles crawfordi, anopheles nigerrimus, anopheles nitidus, anopheles paraliae (=an. lesteri), anopheles pursati and anopheles sinensis), were investigated and compared in this study. the self-mating success of adult mosquitoes in different size cages at two density resting surface (drs) values, 3.6 and 7. ... | 2016 | 27023618 |
| an insight into the sialome of blood-feeding nematocera. | within the diptera and outside the suborder brachycera, the blood-feeding habit occurred at least twice, producing the present day sand flies, and the culicomorpha, including the mosquitoes (culicidae), black flies (simulidae), biting midges (ceratopogonidae) and frog feeding flies (corethrellidae). alternatives to this scenario are also discussed. successful blood-feeding requires adaptations to antagonize the vertebrate's mechanisms of blood clotting, platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, pa ... | 2010 | 20728537 |
| conditioning individual mosquitoes to an odor: sex, source, and time. | olfactory conditioning of mosquitoes may have important implications for vector-pathogen-host dynamics. if mosquitoes learn about specific host attributes associated with pathogen infection, it may help to explain the heterogeneity of biting and disease patterns observed in the field. sugar-feeding is a requirement for survival in both male and female mosquitoes. it provides a starting point for learning research in mosquitoes that avoids the confounding factors associated with the observer bein ... | 2011 | 21887384 |
| species diversity and biting activity of anopheles dirus and anopheles baimaii (diptera: culicidae) in a malaria prone area of western thailand. | a survey of adult anopheline mosquito diversities, collected from september 2009 to august 2010, was conducted in a malaria endemic area of western thailand. two anopheline species complexes, dirus and minimus, along with the maculatus group were observed. of several species documented from within each complex and group, four important malaria vectors were identified, including an. dirus, an. baimaii, an. minimus, and an. sawadwongporni. information on biting activity and host preference for any ... | 2012 | 23009133 |
| partial mitochondrial dna sequences suggest the existence of a cryptic species within the leucosphyrus group of the genus anopheles (diptera: culicidae), forest malaria vectors, in northern vietnam. | during the last decade, southeast asian countries have been very successful in reducing the burden of malaria. however, malaria remains endemic in these countries, especially in remote and forested areas. the leucosphyrus group of the genus anopheles harbors the most important malaria vectors in forested areas of southeast asia. in vietnam, previous molecular studies have resulted in the identification of only anopheles dirus sensu stricto (previously known as an. dirus species a) among the leuc ... | 2010 | 20433694 |
| comparison of the performances of five primer sets for the detection and quantification of plasmodium in anopheline vectors by real-time pcr. | quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qrtpcr) has made a significant improvement for the detection of plasmodium in anopheline vectors. a wide variety of primers has been used in different assays, mostly adapted from molecular diagnosis of malaria in human. however, such an adaptation can impact the sensitivity of the pcr. therefore we compared the sensitivity of five primer sets with different molecular targets on blood stages, sporozoites and oocysts standards of plasmodium falcipa ... | 2016 | 27441839 |
| draft genomes of anopheles cracens and anopheles maculatus: comparison of simian malaria and human malaria vectors in peninsular malaysia. | anopheles cracens has been incriminated as the vector of human knowlesi malaria in peninsular malaysia. besides, it is a good laboratory vector of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax. the distribution of an. cracens overlaps with that of an. maculatus, the human malaria vector in peninsular malaysia that seems to be refractory to p. knowlesi infection in natural settings. whole genome sequencing was performed on an. cracens and an. maculatus collected here. the draft genome of an. cracens was 395 ... | 2016 | 27347683 |
| comparative mt genomics of the tipuloidea (diptera: nematocera: tipulomorpha) and its implications for the phylogeny of the tipulomorpha. | a traditionally controversial taxon, the tipulomorpha has been frequently discussed with respect to both its familial composition and relationships with other nematocera. the interpretation of internal relationships within the tipuloidea, which include the tipulidae sensu stricto, cylindrotomidae, pediciidae and limoniidae, is also problematic. we sequenced the first complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of symplecta hybrida (meigen, 1804), which belongs to the subfamily chioneinae of family limoni ... | 2016 | 27341029 |
| clonorchis sinensis omega-class glutathione transferases play major roles in the protection of the reproductive system during maturation and the response to oxidative stress. | clonorchis sinensis causes a major food-borne helminthic infection. this species locates in mammalian hepatobiliary ducts, where oxidative stressors and hydrophobic substances are profuse. to adapt to the hostile micromilieu and to ensure its long-term survival, the parasite continuously produces a diverse repertoire of antioxidant enzymes including several species of glutathione transferases (gsts). helminth gsts play pertinent roles during sequestration of harmful xenobiotics since most helmin ... | 2016 | 27296469 |
| genetic diversity and natural selection of the plasmodium knowlesi circumsporozoite protein nonrepeat regions. | plasmodium knowlesi is a simian malaria parasite that has been identified to cause malaria in humans. to date, several thousand cases of human knowlesi malaria have been reported around southeast asia. thus far, there is no detailed study on genetic diversity and natural selection of p. knowlesi circumsporozoite protein (csp), a prominent surface antigen on the sporozoite of the parasite. in the present study, the genetic diversity and natural selection acting on the nonrepeat regions of the gen ... | 2015 | 26379157 |
| the suitability of laboratory-bred anopheles cracens for the production of plasmodium vivax sporozoites. | a stenogamous colony of anopheles cracens (a. dirus b) established 20 years ago in a thai insectary proved susceptible to plasmodium vivax. however, routine sporozoite production by feeding on field-collected blood samples has not been described. the setting-up of an a. cracens colony in an insectary on the thai-myanmar border and the process of using p. vivax field samples for the production of infectious sporozoites are described. | 2015 | 26259952 |
| characterization and expression profiling of glutathione s-transferases in the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.). | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are multifunctional detoxification enzymes that play important roles in insects. the completion of several insect genome projects has enabled the identification and characterization of gst genes over recent years. this study presents a genome-wide investigation of the diamondback moth (dbm), plutella xylostella, a species in which the gsts are of special importance because this pest is highly resistant to many insecticides. | 2015 | 25887517 |
| severe plasmodium knowlesi infection with multi-organ failure imported to germany from thailand/myanmar. | during the last two decades human infections with plasmodium knowlesi are increasingly diagnosed in south east asia and have also been reported in travellers. a severe case of imported p. knowlesi infection in a 73-year old german is presented, who had been travelling through myanmar and thailand for three weeks. microscopy showed a parasitaemia of 3% and different parasite stages including band-forms resembling plasmodium malariae. due to the clinical picture of severe malaria and the microscop ... | 2014 | 25367021 |
| zoonotic malaria - global overview and research and policy needs. | the four main plasmodium species that cause human malaria, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, and plasmodium ovale, are transmitted between humans by mosquito vectors belonging to the genus anopheles. it has recently become evident that plasmodium knowlesi, a parasite that typically infects forest macaque monkeys, can be transmitted by anophelines to cause malaria in humans in southeast asia. plasmodium knowlesi infections are frequently misdiagnosed microscopically as ... | 2014 | 25184118 |
| high proportion of knowlesi malaria in recent malaria cases in malaysia. | plasmodium knowlesi is a simian parasite that has been recognized as the fifth species causing human malaria. naturally-acquired p. knowlesi infection is widespread among human populations in southeast asia. the aim of this epidemiological study was to determine the incidence and distribution of malaria parasites, with a particular focus on human p. knowlesi infection in malaysia. | 2014 | 24886266 |
| human red blood cell-adapted plasmodium knowlesi parasites: a new model system for malaria research. | plasmodium knowlesi is a simian malaria parasite primarily infecting macaque species in southeast asia. although its capacity to infect humans has been recognized since the early part of the last century, it has recently become evident that human infections are widespread and potentially life threatening. historically, p. knowlesi has proven to be a powerful tool in early studies of malaria parasites, providing key breakthroughs in understanding many aspects of plasmodium biology. however, the ... | 2014 | 24506567 |
| first case of a naturally acquired human infection with plasmodium cynomolgi. | since 1960, a total of seven species of monkey malaria have been reported as transmissible to man by mosquito bite: plasmodium cynomolgi, plasmodium brasilianum, plasmodium eylesi, plasmodium knowlesi, plasmodium inui, plasmodium schwetzi and plasmodium simium. with the exception of p. knowlesi, none of the other species has been found to infect humans in nature. in this report, it is described the first known case of a naturally acquired p. cynomolgi malaria in humans.the patient was a 39-year- ... | 2014 | 24564912 |
| recent advances in the management of plasmodium knowlesi infection. | plasmodium knowlesi (p. knowlesi) has been detected to be the fifth malarial parasite that can cause malaria in human beings. the parasite is known to commonly infect macaque monkeys. the infection is highly prevalent in south-east asia. it has morphologic similarities to plasmodium malariae and plasmodium falciparum. p. knowlesi is known to replicate every 24 h in the human host and hence, causes "quotidian malaria." it causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and sometimes can cause f ... | 0 | 24754024 |
| evaluation of polyethylene-based long lasting treated bed net netprotect on anopheles mosquitoes, malaria incidence, and net longivity in western kenya. | we studied the effect on malaria incidence, mosquito abundance, net efficacy, net use rate, chemical analysis, and holes of a long lasting insecticide treated bed net (netprotect) in western kenya, 2007-2010. nets were hung in 150 households 6 months before they were hung in a second, 2 km away. indoor resting densities were monitored by pyrethrum spray catch and malaria cases by passive detection using clinical manifestations and rapid diagnostic test. the probability of finding an. arabiensis ... | 2013 | 24194770 |
| colonization of anopheles cracens: a malaria vector of emerging importance. | anopheles cracens has been incriminated as a vector for the simian malaria parasite, plasmodium knowlesi, that is the fifth plasmodium species infecting humans. little experimental data exists on this mosquito species due to the lack of its availability in laboratories. | 2013 | 23537404 |
| genomic insights into the glutathione s-transferase gene family of two rice planthoppers, nilaparvata lugens (stål) and sogatella furcifera (horváth) (hemiptera: delphacidae). | glutathione s-transferase (gst) genes control crucial traits for the metabolism of various toxins encountered by insects in host plants and the wider environment, including insecticides. the planthoppers nilaparvata lugens and sogatella furcifera are serious specialist pests of rice throughout eastern asia. their capacity to rapidly adapt to resistant rice varieties and to develop resistance to various insecticides has led to severe outbreaks over the last decade. | 2013 | 23457591 |
| identification, genomic organization, and oxidative stress response of a sigma class glutathione s-transferase gene (accgsts1) in the honey bee, apis cerana cerana. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are members of a multifunctional antioxidant enzyme superfamily that play pivotal roles in both detoxification and protection against oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species. in this study, a complementary dna (cdna) encoding a sigma class gst was identified in the chinese honey bee, apis cerana cerana (accgsts1). accgsts1 was constitutively expressed in all tissues of adult worker bees, including the brain, fat body, epidermis, muscle, and midgut, wi ... | 2012 | 23250585 |
| oxidative stress in malaria. | malaria is a significant public health problem in more than 100 countries and causes an estimated 200 million new infections every year. despite the significant effort to eradicate this dangerous disease, lack of complete knowledge of its physiopathology compromises the success in this enterprise. in this paper we review oxidative stress mechanisms involved in the disease and discuss the potential benefits of antioxidant supplementation as an adjuvant antimalarial strategy. | 2012 | 23208374 |
| entomologic investigation of plasmodium knowlesi vectors in kuala lipis, pahang, malaysia. | the first natural infection of plasmodium knowlesi in humans was recorded in 1965 in peninsular malaysia. extensive research was then conducted and it was postulated that it was a rare incident and that simian malaria will not be easily transmitted to humans. however, at the turn of the 21st century, knowlesi malaria was prevalent throughout southeast asia and is life threatening. thus, a longitudinal study was initiated to determine the vectors, their seasonal variation and preference to humans ... | 2012 | 22727041 |
| antarctic krill 454 pyrosequencing reveals chaperone and stress transcriptome. | the antarctic krill euphausia superba is a keystone species in the antarctic food chain. not only is it a significant grazer of phytoplankton, but it is also a major food item for charismatic megafauna such as whales and seals and an important southern ocean fisheries crop. ecological data suggest that this species is being affected by climate change and this will have considerable consequences for the balance of the southern ocean ecosystem. hence, understanding how this organism functions is a ... | 2011 | 21253607 |
| the salivary gland transcriptome of the neotropical malaria vector anopheles darlingi reveals accelerated evolution of genes relevant to hematophagy. | mosquito saliva, consisting of a mixture of dozens of proteins affecting vertebrate hemostasis and having sugar digestive and antimicrobial properties, helps both blood and sugar meal feeding. culicine and anopheline mosquitoes diverged ~150 mya, and within the anophelines, the new world species diverged from those of the old world ~95 mya. while the sialotranscriptome (from the greek sialo, saliva) of several species of the cellia subgenus of anopheles has been described thoroughly, no detailed ... | 2009 | 19178717 |
| the relationship between wing length, blood meal volume, and fecundity for seven colonies of anopheles species housed at the armed forces research institute of medical sciences, bangkok, thailand. | established colonies of anopheles campestris, anopheles cracens, anopheles dirus, anopheles kleini, anopheles minimus, anopheles sawadwongporni, and anopheles sinensis are maintained at the armed forces research institute of medical sciences (afrims). females were provided blood meals on human blood containing citrate as an anticoagulant using an artificial membrane feeder. the mean wing length, used as an estimate of body size, for each species was compared to blood-feeding duration (time), blo ... | 2015 | 26433074 |
| molecular cloning and expression of several new anopheles cracens epsilon class glutathione transferases. | glutathione transferases, gsts, are detoxification proteins that are found in most organisms. the acgste3-3 had the ability to conjugate 4-hydroxynonenal, a cytotoxic lipid peroxidation product. although other epsilon gsts showed roles in insecticide metabolism, the acgste3-3 appeared to have a major role in detoxifying lipid peroxidation products conferring protection against oxidative damage. | 2009 | 19149677 |
| isoenzymes of glutathione s-transferase from the mosquito anopheles dirus species b: the purification, partial characterization and interaction with various insecticides. | previously we have purified and characterized a major glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity, gst-4a, from the thai mosquito anopheles dirus b, a model mosquito for study of anopheline malaria vectors [prapanthadara, l. koottathep, s., promtet, n., hemingway, j. and ketterman, a.j. (1996) insect biochem. mol. biol. 26:3, 277-285]. in this report we have purified an isoenzyme, gst-4c, which has the greatest ddt-dehydrochlorinase activity. three additional isoenzymes, gst-4b, gst-5 and gst-6, we ... | 2000 | 10745163 |
| molecular identification of four members of the anopheles dirus complex using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene. | precise mosquito species identification is an essential step for proper management and control of malaria vectors. misidentification of members in the anopheles dirus complex, some which are primary malaria vectors in thailand and mainland southeast asia, remains problematic because of indistinguishable or overlapping morphological characters between sibling species. moreover, there is a need for alternative methods, since the existing molecular techniques in the literature are not entirely sati ... | 2017 | 29369036 |
| singapore's anopheles sinensis form a is susceptible to plasmodium vivax isolates from the western thailand-myanmar border. | singapore has been certified malaria-free by the world health organization since november 1982. however, sporadic autochthonous malaria outbreaks do occur. in one of the most recent outbreaks of vivax malaria, an entomological investigation identified anopheles sinensis as the most probable vector. as metaphase karyotype studies divided an. sinensis into two forms, a and b, with different vector competence: the investigation of vector competence of an. sinensis found in singapore was thus pursue ... | 2017 | 29145859 |
| plasmodium vivax genetic diversity and heterozygosity in blood samples and resulting oocysts at the thai-myanmar border. | polyclonal blood-stage infections of plasmodium vivax are frequent even in low transmission settings, allowing meiotic recombination between heterologous parasites. empirical data on meiotic products are however lacking. this study examined microsatellites in oocysts derived by membrane feeding of mosquitoes from blood-stage p. vivax infections at the thai-myanmar border. | 2017 | 28870214 |