| crystallization and x-ray crystallographic studies of an inhibitor from rye (secale cereale) active against acanthoscelides obtectus and zabrotes subfasciatus alpha-amylases. | crystals of a new inhibitor present in rye seeds active against alpha-amylases from crop pests acanthoscelides obtectus and zabrotes subfasciatus have been obtained. a native dataset was collected at 2.21 a resolution with 99.3% completeness at cpr beamline at lnls. the crystals belong to the trigonal system, space group p3(1)21 with a=b=78.21 a, and c=59.61 a. the crystal calculated solvent content is compatible with one dimer per asymmetric unit. | 2004 | 14965283 |
| a kunitz-type inhibitor of coleopteran proteases, isolated from adenanthera pavonina l. seeds and its effect on callosobruchus maculatus. | the cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus is one of the major pests of vigna unguiculata cowpea. digestion in the cowpea weevil is facilitated by high levels of cysteine and aspartic acid proteinases. plants synthesize a variety of molecules, including proteinaceous proteinase inhibitors, to defend themselves against attack by insects. in this work, a trypsin inhibitor (apti) isolated from adenanthera pavonina seeds showed activity against papain. the inhibition of papain by apti was of the non ... | 2004 | 15113152 |
| antimicrobial and insecticidal protein isolated from seeds of clitoria ternatea, a tropical forage legume. | the tropical forage legume clitoria ternatea (l.) has important agronomic traits such as adaptation to a wide range of soil conditions and resistance to drought. it is resistant to a number of pathogens and pests. these important traits gave us reasons to look more closely at the plant. a highly basic small protein was purified from seeds of c. ternatea to homogeneity by using ultrafiltration with centricon-3 membrane tubes and preparative granulated-bed isoelectric focusing (ief). a single prot ... | 2004 | 15694280 |
| phylogeographic support for horizontal gene transfer involving sympatric bruchid species. | we report on the probable horizontal transfer of a mitochondrial gene, cytb, between species of neotropical bruchid beetles, in a zone where these species are sympatric. the bruchid beetles acanthoscelides obtectus, a. obvelatus, a. argillaceus and zabrotes subfasciatus develop on various bean species in mexico. whereas a. obtectus and a. obvelatus develop on phaseolus vulgaris in the mexican altiplano, a. argillaceus feeds on p. lunatus in the pacific coast. the generalist z. subfasciatus feeds ... | 2006 | 16872524 |
| optimal xylocoris flavipes (reuter) (hemiptera: anthocoridae) density and time of introduction for suppression of bruchid progeny in stored legumes. | the influences of both predator density and elapsed time between initial infestation and introduction of predators were determined for suppression of bruchids infesting stored grain legumes by xylocoris flavipes (reuter) (hemiptera: anthocoridae). predator density treatments consisted of zero, one, two, three, or five male:female pairs of adult x. flavipes added to experimental arenas 0, 24, or 120 h after bruchid introduction. suppression of acanthoscelides obtectus approached eradication with ... | 2008 | 18348804 |
| novel insights on the mechanism of action of alpha-amylase inhibitors from the plant defensin family. | plant defensins are small cysteine-rich proteins commonly synthesized in plants, encoded by large multigene families. most plant defensins that have been characterized to date show potent antifungal and/or bactericidal activities. this report describes vud1, an unusual defensin that is able to inhibit insect-pest alpha-amylases. vud1 was cloned from cowpea (vigna unguiculata) seeds and expressed in a heterologous system. inhibitory enzyme assays showed that vud1 efficiently inhibits alpha-amylas ... | 2008 | 18498107 |
| molecular modeling and inhibitory activity of cowpea cystatin against bean bruchid pests. | plant cystatins show great potential as tools to genetically engineer resistance of crop plants against pests. two important potential targets are the bean weevils acanthoscelides obtectus and zabrotes subfasciatus, which display major activities of digestive cysteine proteinases in midguts. in this study a cowpea cystatin, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor found in cowpea (vigna unguiculata) seeds, was expressed in escherichia coli and purified with a ni-nta agarose column. it strongly inhibited ... | 2006 | 16470583 |
| effect of trypsin inhibitor from crotalaria pallida seeds on callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) and ceratitis capitata (fruit fly). | a proteinaceous trypsin inhibitor was purified from crotalaria pallida seeds by ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography on immobilized trypsin-sepharose and tca precipitation. the trypsin inhibitor, named cpati, had m(r) of 32.5 kda as determined by sds-page and was composed of two subunits with 27.7 and 5.6 kda linked by disulfide bridges. cpati was stable at 50 degrees c and lost 40% of activity at 100 degrees c. cpati was also stable from ph 2 to 12 at 37 degrees c. cpati weak ... | 2005 | 16426854 |
| in vivo bioinsecticidal activity toward ceratitis capitata (fruit fly) and callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) and in vitro bioinsecticidal activity toward different orders of insect pests of a trypsin inhibitor purified from tamarind tree (tamarindus indica) seeds. | a proteinaceous inhibitor with high activity against trypsin-like serine proteinases was purified from seeds of the tamarind tree (tamarindus indica) by gel filtration on shephacryl s-200 followed by a reverse-phase hplc vidac c18 tp. the inhibitor, called the tamarind trypsin inhibitor (tti), showed a mr of 21.42 kda by mass spectrometry analysis. tti was a noncompetitive inhibitor with a ki value of 1.7 x 10(-9) m. in vitro bioinsecticidal activity against insect digestive enzymes from differe ... | 2005 | 15913299 |
| a reproducible genetic transformation system for cultivated phaseolus acutifolius (tepary bean) and its use to assess the role of arcelins in resistance to the mexican bean weevil. | a reproducible agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation method that delivers fertile and morphologically normal transgenic plants was developed for cultivated tepary bean (phaseolus acutifolius l. gray). factors contributing to higher transformation efficiencies include (1) a low initial concentration of bacteria coupled with a longer cocultivation period with callus, (2) an initial selection of callus on a medium containing low levels of the selectable agent, (3) omission of th ... | 2005 | 15702345 |
| alpha-amylase inhibitors from ficus sp. seeds and their activities towards coleoptera insect pests. | alpha-amylase inhibitors were isolated from ficus sp. (gameleira) seeds by acetone fractionation and sephadex g-50. two inhibitors (alpha-ppai and alpha-zsai) were tested against alpha-amylases from coleopteran larvae. alpha-ppai was active to alpha-amylases of callosobruchus maculatus (52%) and zabrotes subfasciatus (53%). alpha-zsai was strongly active to z. subfasciatus (100%) of and mimosestes mimosae (98%). the alpha-zsai is a glycoprotein of approximately 50 kda with an ic50 value of 0.074 ... | 2004 | 15078207 |
| the effect of arcelin-1 on the structure of the midgut of bruchid larvae and immunolocalization of the arcelin protein. | some wild accessions of the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) contain a family of proteins called arcelins, that are toxic to the larvae of certain bruchid species. among the six allelic variants of arcelin tested so far, arcelin-5 and arcelin-1 confer the highest level of resistance against the mexican bean weevil, zabrotes subfasciatus. the same proteins are not toxic to the bean weevil, acanthoscelides obtectus, which is also a serious pest of cultivated beans. arcelins belong to the bean lect ... | 2000 | 12770203 |
| inter- and intraspecific genetic variation and differentiation in the sibling bean weevils zabrotes subfasciatus and z. sylvestris (coleoptera: bruchidae) from mexico. | | 2002 | 12020378 |
| purification, biochemical characterisation and partial primary structure of a new alpha-amylase inhibitor from secale cereale (rye). | plant alpha-amylase inhibitors show great potential as tools to engineer resistance of crop plants against pests. their possible use is, however, complicated by the observed variations in specificity of enzyme inhibition, even within closely related families of inhibitors. better understanding of this specificity depends on modelling studies based on ample structural and biochemical information. a new member of the alpha-amylase inhibitor family of cereal endosperm has been purified from rye usi ... | 2000 | 11137459 |
| molecular characterization of a new arcelin-5 gene. | arcelins are insecticidal proteins found in some wild accessions of the common bean, phaseolus vulgaris. they are grouped in six allelic variants and arcelin-5 is the variant with the highest inhibitory effect on the development of zabrotes subfasciatus larvae. characterization of the protein and its genes resulted in the identification of three polypeptides and the isolation of two genes that encode the arc5a and arc5b polypeptides. here we describe a new gene, arc5-iii. the protein it encodes ... | 2000 | 10786620 |
| molecular characterization of a bean alpha-amylase inhibitor that inhibits the alpha-amylase of the mexican bean weevil zabrotes subfasciatus. | cultivated varieties of the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) contain an alpha-amylase inhibitor (alpha ai-1) that inhibits porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (ppa; ec 3.2.1.1) and the amylases of certain seed weevils, but not that of the mexican bean weevil, zabrotes subfasciatus. a variant of alpha ai-1, called alpha ai-2, is found in certain arcelin-containing wild accessions of the common bean. the variant alpha ai-2 inhibits z. subfasciatus alpha-amylase (zsa), but not ppa. we purified alph ... | 1997 | 9431678 |
| molecular cloning of bruchid (zabrotes subfasciatus) alpha-amylase cdna and interactions of the expressed enzyme with bean amylase inhibitors. | alpha-amylases are important digestive enzymes in weevils that infest starchy seeds, and plants have evolved proteinaceous alpha-amylase inhibitors (alpha ai) for protection. to gain a better understanding of the interaction between weevil alpha-amylases and alpha ais, we cloned the alpha-amylase cdna of zabrotes subfasciatus larvae. larvae of this bruchid infest seeds of cultivated varieties of the common bean, phaseolus vulgaris, although the seeds contain high levels of an alpha ai. the alpha ... | 1997 | 9134709 |
| protective mechanism of the mexican bean weevil against high levels of alpha-amylase inhibitor in the common bean. | alpha-amylase inhibitor (alpha ai) protects seeds of the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) against predation by certain species of bruchids such as the cowpea weevil (callosobruchus maculatus) and the azuki bean weevil (callosobruchus chinensis), but not against predation by the bean weevil (acanthoscelides obtectus) or the mexican bean weevil (zabrotes subfasciatus), insects that are common in the americas. we characterized the interaction of alpha ai-1 present in seeds of the common bean, of a ... | 1996 | 8787024 |
| evolutionary relationships among proteins in the phytohemagglutinin-arcelin-alpha-amylase inhibitor family of the common bean and its relatives. | the common bean, phaseolus vulgaris, contains a family of defense proteins that comprises phytohemagglutinin (pha), arcelin, and alpha-amylase inhibitor (alpha ai). here we report eight new derived amino acid sequences of genes in this family obtained with either the polymerase chain reaction using genomic dna, or by screening cdna libraries made with rna from developing beans. these new sequences are: two alpha ai sequences and arcelin-4 obtained from a wild accession of p. vulgaris that is res ... | 1994 | 7811969 |
| effects of a chitin binding vicilin from erythrina velutina seeds on bean bruchid pests (callosobruchus maculatus and zabrotes subfasciatus). | erythrina velutina vicilin, evv, is a dimeric glycoprotein with mr of 124.6 kda. evv was tested for anti-insect activity against bean bruchid larvae. evv had ld(50) of 0.10% and ed(50) of 0.14% for z. subfasciatus and ld(50) of 0.26% and ed(50) of 0.19% for c. maculatus. evv was not digested by bean larvae enzymes until 12 h of incubation, and at 24 h evv was more resistant to z. subfasciatus enzymes. | 2008 | 18336356 |
| insecticidal action of bauhinia monandra leaf lectin (bmoll) against anagasta kuehniella (lepidoptera: pyralidae), zabrotes subfasciatus and callosobruchus maculatus (coleoptera: bruchidae). | bruchid beetle larvae cause major losses in grain legume crops throughout the world. some bruchid species, such as the cowpea weevil (callosobruchus maculatus) and the mexican bean weevil (zabrotes subfasciatus), are pests that damage stored seeds. the mediterranean flour moth (anagasta kuehniella) is of major economic importance as a flour and grain feeder; it is often a severe pest in flour mills. plant lectins have been implicated as antibiosis factors against insects. bauhinia monandra leaf ... | 2007 | 16488638 |
| dried leaves from rocky mountain plants decrease infestation by stored-product beetles. | leaves of two highly aromatic plants,artemisia tridentata (nutt.) andmonarda fistulosa l., prepared according to a patented process, inhibited oviposition by the mexican bean weevil,zabrotes subfasciatus (boheman), in beans at concentrations less than 1% w/w. both plant species were less effective against the rice weevil,sitophilus oryzae l., in wheat, with onlym. fistulosa exhibiting any concentration-dependent activity. the maximal control achieved against this species was less than 50% at 3% ... | 1995 | 24234015 |
| toxicity of an annonin-based commercial bioinsecticide against three primary pest species of stored products. | the effects of a bioinsecticide formulation based on extract of annona squamosa l. (annonaceae) containing 10,000 mg l(-1) of acetogenin annonin as the main active ingredient were investigated against three primary pest species of stored grains in brazil [maize weevil sitophilus zeamais motschulsky (coleoptera: curculionidae), mexican bean weevil zabrotes subfasciatus (boheman) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae: bruchinae), and cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus (fabricius) (coleoptera: chrysomelid ... | 2017 | 28353149 |
| inhibitory effects of a kunitz-type inhibitor from pithecellobium dumosum (benth) seeds against insect-pests' digestive proteinases. | pithecellobium dumosum is a tree belonging to the mimosoideae subfamily that presents various previously characterized kunitz-type inhibitors. the present study provides a novel kunitz-trypsin inhibitor isoform purified from p. dumosum seeds. purification procedure was performed by tca precipitation followed by a trypsin-sepharose chromatography and a further reversed-phase hplc. purified inhibitor (pdki-4) showed enhanced inhibitory activity against bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin. furthermore, ... | 2013 | 23238511 |
| multifunctional amaranth cystatin inhibits endogenous and digestive insect cysteine endopeptidases: a potential tool to prevent proteolysis and for the control of insect pests. | in a previous study, the amaranth cystatin was characterized. this cystatin is believed to provide protection from abiotic stress because its transcription is induced in response to heat, drought, and salinity. it has also been shown that recombinant amaranth cystatin inhibits bromelain, ficin, and cysteine endopeptidases from fungal sources and also inhibits the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. in the present study, evidence is presented regarding the potential function of amaranth cystatin as ... | 2015 | 25345487 |
| two kunitz-type inhibitors with activity against trypsin and papain from pithecellobium dumosum seeds: purification, characterization, and activity towards pest insect digestive enzyme. | two trypsin inhibitors (called pdki-3.1 and pdki-3.2) were purified from the seeds of the pithecellobium dumosum tree. inhibitors were obtained by tca precipitation, affinity chromatography on trypsin-sepharose and reversed-phase-hplc. sds-page analysis with or without reducing agent showed that they are a single polypeptide chain, and maldi-tof analysis determined molecular masses of 19696.96 and 19696.36 da, respectively. the n-terminal sequence of both inhibitors showed strong identity to the ... | 2009 | 20001901 |
| purification of a defensin isolated from vigna unguiculata seeds, its functional expression in escherichia coli, and assessment of its insect alpha-amylase inhibitory activity. | plant defensins make up a family of cationic antimicrobial peptides with a characteristic three-dimensional folding pattern stabilized by four disulfide bridges. the aim of this work was the purification and functional expression of a defensin from cowpea seeds and the assessment of its alpha-amylase inhibitory activity. the cdna encoding the cowpea defensin was cloned into the pet-32 ek/lic vector, and the resulting construct was used to transform escherichia coli cells. the recombinant peptide ... | 2010 | 19948221 |
| characterization of a hydrophobic amylase inhibitor from corn (zea mays) seeds with activity against amylase from fusarium verticillioides. | abstract a hydrophobic 19.7-kda amylase inhibitor (ai) was purified from corn kernels by 95% ethanol extraction and anionic exchange chromatography. the ai has an isoelectric point of 3.6 and was very stable at different ph values and high temperatures, maintaining 47.6% activity after heating to 94 degrees c for 60 min. amino acid analysis indicated high valine, leucine, glycine, alanine, and glutamic acid/glutamine content, and especially high valine content (41.2 mol%). this inhibitor is not ... | 2003 | 18943857 |
| molecular and structural characterization of a trypsin highly expressed in larval stage of zabrotes subfasciatus. | the mexican bean weevil, zabrotes subfasciatus, feeds on several seeds such as vigna unguiculata, phaseolus vulgaris, and pisum sativum, causing severe crop losses. this ability to obtain essential compounds from different diets could possibly be explained due to a wide variability of digestive proteinases present in the weevil's midgut. these may improve digestion of many different dietary proteins. coleopteran serine-like proteinases have not been thoroughly characterized at the molecular leve ... | 2007 | 18000877 |
| [development of zabrotes subfasciatus (boh.) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae, bruchinae) in genotypes of phaseolus vulgaris l. (fabaceae) cultivated in the state of parana and containing arcelin]. | this research intended to evaluate the development of zabrotes subfasciatus (boh.), a stored-grain pest, on bean genotypes (phaseolus vulgaris l.) commonly cultivated in the state of parana and containing arcelin, and the possible resistance of these genotypes to the bruchine. tests were performed under laboratory conditions (27 masculinec, fotophase 12h, 50 +/- 10 % rh) with the genotypes tps-bionobre, iac-una, ipr-uirapuru, iapar 44, ipr juriti, iapar 81, pérola, carioca, bolinha, and two othe ... | 2007 | 17934622 |
| effects of a chitin-binding vicilin from enterolobium contortisiliquum seeds on bean bruchid pests (callosobruchus maculatus and zabrotes subfasciatus) and phytopathogenic fungi (fusarium solani and colletrichum lindemuntianum). | chitin-binding vicilin from enterolobium contortisiliquum seeds was purified by ammonium sulfate followed by gel filtration on sephacryl 300-sh and on sephacryl 200-sh. the vicilin, called ecv, is a dimeric glycoprotein composed of 1.03% carbohydrates and a mr of 151 kda, consisting of two subunits of mr of 66.2 and 63.8 kda. the ecv homogeneity was confirmed in a page where it was observed to be a unique acid protein band with slow mobility in this native gel. e. contortisiliquum vicilin (ecv) ... | 2007 | 17227051 |
| binding of pf2 lectin from olneya tesota to gut proteins of zabrotes subfasciatus larvae associated with the insecticidal mechanism. | zabrotes subfasciatus (boheman) is the main pest of common beans ( phaselous vulgaris ). wild legume seeds from olneya tesota contain a lectin, pf2, that shows insecticidal activities against this insect. the binding of pf2 to midgut glycoproteins of 20-day-old larvae was evaluated using pf2 affinity chromatography. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) analysis of the proteins retained on the gel revealed several putative glycoproteins, ranging in mass from 17 to ... | 2012 | 22288827 |
| host-mediated induction of alpha-amylases by larvae of the mexican bean weevil zabrotes subfasciatus (coleoptera: chrysomelidae: bruchinae) is irreversible and observed from the initiation of the feeding period. | larvae of zabrotes subfasciatus secrete alpha-amylases that are insensitive to the alpha-amylase inhibitor found in seeds of phaseolus vulgaris. by analyzing amylase activities during larval development on p. vulgaris, we detected activity of the constitutive amylase and the two inducible amylase isoforms at all stages. when larvae were transferred from the non alpha-amylase inhibitor containing seeds of vigna unguiculata to p. vulgaris, the inducible alpha-amylases were expressed at the same le ... | 2010 | 20645418 |
| no correlation of morpho-agronomic traits of phaseolus vulgaris (fabaceae) genotypes and resistance to acanthoscelides obtectus (say) and zabrotes subfasciatus (boheman) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | resistance of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) varieties is an important tool to control acanthoscelides obtectus (say) and zabrotes subfasciatus (boheman) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae: bruchinae) worldwide. however, bioassays to characterize the resistance of a genotype can be difficult to perform. therefore, the current study sought to correlate the morpho-agronomic traits of p. vulgaris genotypes with their resistance to a. obtectus and z. subfasciatus to facilitate genotype characterization. b ... | 2015 | 26253545 |
| bean type modifies larval competition in zabrotes subfasciatus (chrysomelidae: bruchinae). | larval competition is particularly prevalent among grain beetles that remain within their mother-selected grain throughout development, and the behavioral process of competition is usually inferred by the competition outcome. the mexican bean weevil zabrotes subfasciatus (boheman) is subjected to resource availability variation because of the diversity of common bean types and sizes, from small (e.g., kidney beans) to large (e.g., cranberry beans). the competition process was identified in the m ... | 2015 | 26470357 |
| population development of zabrotes subfasciatus (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) in landrace bean varieties occurring in southwestern amazonia. | the common bean, phaseolus vulgaris (l.), is one of the most important sources of protein worldwide, and latin america is one of the recognized centers of diversity of this species. however, storage of this product after harvest is not feasible because of bruchid attacks. this study determined the accumulated normalized rate of emergence and the daily emergence rate of zabrotes subfasciatus (boheman) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae:bruchinae) in five landrace varieties of common bean (brl 01, sna 01, ... | 2016 | 26628500 |
| assessment of the importance of alpha-amylase inhibitor-2 in bruchid resistance of wild common bean. | both alpha-amylase inhibitor-2 (alphaai-2) and arcelin have been implicated in resistance of wild common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) to the mexican bean weevil (zabrotes subfasciatus boheman). near isogenic lines (nils) for arcelin 1-5 were generated by backcrossing wild common bean accessions with a cultivated variety. whereas seeds of a wild accession (g12953) containing both alphaai-2 and arcelin 4 were completely resistant to z. subfasciatus, those of the corresponding nil were susceptible ... | 2007 | 17186215 |
| induction of digestive alpha-amylases in larvae of zabrotes subfasciatus (coleoptera: bruchidae) in response to ingestion of common bean alpha-amylase inhibitor 1. | zabrotes subfasciatus larvae possess three alpha-amylase isoforms determined by in gel assays following sds-page. two minor isoforms present lower electrophoretic mobility than the major form. when developed inside vigna unguiculata (cowpea) seeds, fourth instar larvae have minor quantities of the slow-migrating isoforms, but when reared on seeds of phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), the two slow-migrating forms are expressed in higher amounts, whilst the quantity of the major constitutive form i ... | 2001 | 12770180 |
| identification of a novel bean alpha-amylase inhibitor with chitinolytic activity. | zabrotes subfasciatus is a devastating starch-dependent storage bean pest. in this study, we attempted to identify novel alpha-amylase inhibitors from wild bean seeds, with efficiency toward pest alpha-amylases. an inhibitor named phaseolus vulgaris chitinolytic alpha-amylase inhibitor (pvcai) was purified and mass spectrometry analyses showed a protein with 33330 da with the ability to form dimers. purified pvcai showed significant inhibitory activity against larval z. subfasciatus alpha-amylas ... | 2005 | 16213488 |
| lectin-related resistance factors against bruchids evolved through a number of duplication events. | abundant lectin-related proteins found in common beans ( phaseolus vulgaris l.) have been shown to confer resistance against the larvae of a number of bruchid species. genes encoding for these proteins are members of the lectin multigene family, the most representative components being arcelins, phytohemagglutinins and alpha-amylase inhibitors. arcelins have been described in seven variants, some of which are resistance factors against the mexican bean weevil ( zabrotes subfasciatus), a major be ... | 2003 | 12819911 |
| structure and enzyme properties of zabrotes subfasciatus alpha-amylase. | digestive alpha-amylases play an essential role in insect carbohydrate metabolism. these enzymes belong to an endo-type group. they catalyse starch hydrolysis, and are involved in energy production. larvae of zabrotes subfasciatus, the mexican bean weevil, are able to infest stored common beans phaseolus vulgaris, causing severe crop losses in latin america and africa. their alpha-amylase (zsa) is a well-studied but not completely understood enzyme, having specific characteristics when compared ... | 2006 | 16416448 |
| differences in midgut serine proteinases from larvae of the bruchid beetles callosobruchus maculatus and zabrotes subfasciatus. | proteinase activities in the larval midguts of the bruchids callosobruchus maculatus and zabrotes subfasciatus were investigated. both midgut homogenates showed a slightly acidic to neutral ph optima for the hydrolysis of fluorogenic substrates. proteolysis of epsilon-aminocaproil-leu-cys(sbzl)-mca was totally inhibited by the cysteine proteinase inhibitors e-64 and leupeptin, and was activated by 1.5 mm dtt in both insects, while hydrolysis of the substrate z-argarg-mca was inhibited by aprotin ... | 2001 | 11317332 |
| digestion of legume starch granules by larvae of zabrotes subfasciatus (coleoptera: bruchidae) and the induction of alpha-amylases in response to different diets. | zabrotes subfasciatus larvae possess three alpha-amylase isoforms as determined by in gel assays following sds-page. the two minor isoforms present lower electrophoretic mobility than the major form, and seem to occur as a heterodimer. when developed inside vigna unguiculata (cowpea) seeds, fourth instar larvae have minor quantities of the slow-migrating forms, but when reared on seeds of phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) or phaseolus lunatus, the two slow-migrating forms are expressed in higher ... | 2001 | 11102833 |
| identification of a kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor from pithecellobium dumosum seeds with insecticidal properties and double activity. | a trypsin inhibitor, pdki, was purified from pithecellobium dumosum seeds by tca precipitation, trypsin-sepharose chromatography, and reversed-phase-hplc. pdki was purified 217.6-fold and recovered 4.7%. sds-page showed that pdki is a single polypeptide chain of 18.9 kda and 19.7 kda by maldi-tof. the inhibition on trypsin was stable in the ph range 2-10 and at a temperature of 50 degrees c. the ki values were 3.56 x 10(-8)and 7.61 x 10(-7) m with competitive and noncompetitive inhibition mechan ... | 2007 | 17672477 |
| purification and characterization of a trypsin-papain inhibitor from pithecelobium dumosum seeds and its in vitro effects towards digestive enzymes from insect pests. | a novel trypsin-papain inhibitor, named pdki-2, was purified from the seeds of pithecelobium dumosum seeds by tca precipitation, trypsin-sepharose chromatography and reversed-phase hplc. pdki-2 had an m(r) of 18.1 kda as determined by sds-page and was composed of a single polypeptide chain. the inhibition on trypsin was stable at ph range 2-10, temperature of 50 degrees c and had a k(i) value of 1.65 x 10(-8)m, with a competitive inhibition mechanism. pdki-2 was also active to papain, a cysteine ... | 2017 | 17888672 |
| ques, a new phaseolus vulgaris genotype resistant to common bean weevils, contains the arcelin-8 allele coding for new lectin-related variants. | in common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), the most abundant seed proteins are the storage protein phaseolin and the family of closely related apa proteins (arcelin, phytohemagglutinin and α-amylase inhibitor). high variation in apa protein composition has been described and the presence of arcelin (arc) has been associated with bean resistance against two bruchid beetles, the bean weevil (acanthoscelides obtectus say) and the mexican bean weevil (zabrotes subfasciatus bohemian). so far, seven arc ... | 2013 | 23117719 |
| linkage disequilibrium at the apa insecticidal seed protein locus of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). | an interesting seed protein family with a role in preventing insect herbivory is the multi-gene, apa family encoding the alpha-amylase inhibitor, phytohemagglutinin and arcelin proteins of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris). variability for this gene family exists and has been exploited to breed for insect resistance. for example, the arcelin locus has been successfully transferred from wild to cultivated common bean genotypes to provide resistance against the bruchid species zabrotes subfasciatus ... | 2010 | 20429910 |
| genetic mapping of microsatellite markers around the arcelin bruchid resistance locus in common bean. | the deployment in common beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.) of arcelin-based bruchid resistance could help reduce post-harvest storage losses to the mexican bean weevil [(zabrotes subfasciatus (boheman)]. arcelin is a member of the arcelin-phytohemagglutinin-alpha-amylase inhibitor (apa) family of seed proteins, which has been extensively studied but not widely used in bean breeding programs. the purpose of this study was to evaluate microsatellite markers for genetic analysis of arcelin-based bruchi ... | 2010 | 20358173 |
| [physiologic, morphologic and behavioural responses of zabrotes subfasciatus (boheman) (coleoptera: bruchidae) related to the consume of different varieties of phaseolus vulgaris]. | this study was developed aiming to verify physiological, morphological and behavioral responses of two different zabrotes subfasciatus (boheman) populations to different beans varieties (phaseolus vulgaris) (fabaceae). female longevity, fertility and oviposition preference site, as well as size and levels of fluctuating asymmetry for males and females were described. zabrotes subfasciatus displayed physiological plasticity in response to the diet, which was considered an important adaptive abili ... | 2017 | 19488505 |
| insecticidal action of pf2 lectin from olneya tesota (palo fierro) against zabrotes subfasciatus larvae and midgut glycoconjugate binding. | zabrotes subfasciatus (boheman) is the main pest of common beans (phaselous vulgaris). some wild legume seeds may contain lectins with insecticidal activities against this insect. the larval developments of z. subfasciatus on seeds of olneya tesota (a desert wild legume) and on artificial seeds containing purified pf2 lectin were evaluated. pf2 susceptibility to proteolysis was assessed by incubation with midgut extract at different times. pf2 binding to midgut glycoconjugates was assessed by hi ... | 2009 | 19102651 |
| characterization of alpha-amylase inhibitor from palo fierro seeds. | alpha amylase inhibitor from palo fierro seeds (alphaai-pf) was purified using affinity chromatography on a fetuin-fractogel column followed by anionic exchange chromatography. alphaai-pf has a molecular mass of 77kda with two subunits (15.8 and 17.4 kda), it is nonglycosylated and has pi of 4.7. alphaai-pf inhibited porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (ppa) (1,4-alpha-d-glucan glucanohydrolase; ec 3.2.1.1), but was almost devoid of inhibitory activity on alpha-amylase extracts from zabrotes subfas ... | 2007 | 17764969 |
| cascading effects of early-season herbivory on late-season herbivores and their parasitoids. | there is an increasing awareness that herbivory by one insect species induces changes in a plant that affect the performance of other herbivore species that feed on the same plant. however, previous studies of interspecies interactions mediated by plant defense responses have rarely taken into account different insect guilds or the third trophic level. using a combination of field and laboratory experiments, we examined how early-season herbivory in lima bean plants (phaseolus lunatus) by the le ... | 2016 | 27349104 |
| in silico structural characteristics and α-amylase inhibitory properties of ric c 1 and ric c 3, allergenic 2s albumins from ricinus communis seeds. | the major ricinus communis allergens are the 2s albumins, ric c 1 and ric c 3. these proteins contain a trypsin/α-amylase inhibitor family domain, suggesting that they have a role in insect resistance. in this study, we verified that ric c 1 and ric c 3 inhibited the α-amylase activity of callosobruchus maculatus, zabrotes subfasciatus, and tenebrio molitor (tma) larvae as well as mammalian α-amylase. the toxicity of 2s albumin was determined through its incorporation in c. maculatus larvae as p ... | 2011 | 21425874 |
| talisia esculenta lectin and larval development of callosobruchus maculatus and zabrotes subfasciatus (coleoptera: bruchidae). | bruchid larvae cause major losses in grain legume crops throughout the world. some bruchid species, such as the cowpea weevil and the mexican bean weevil, are pests that damage stored seeds. plant lectins have been implicated as antibiosis factors against insects, particularly the cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus. talisia esculenta lectin (tel) was tested for anti-insect activity against c. maculatus and zabrotes subfasciatus larvae. tel produced ca. 90% mortality to these bruchids when i ... | 2002 | 12049788 |
| impact of αai-1 expressed in genetically modified cowpea on zabrotes subfasciatus (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) and its parasitoid, dinarmus basalis (hymenoptera: pteromalidae). | genetically modified (gm) cowpea seeds expressing αai-1, an α-amylase inhibitor from the common bean, have been shown to be immune against several bruchid species. effective control of such pests by growing gm cowpea could promote the spread of bruchid species that are αai-1 tolerant. consequently, the sustainability of bruchid pest control could be increased by combining gm seeds and hymenopteran parasitoids. however, there are concerns that αai-1 could interfere with the biological control pro ... | 2013 | 23840776 |
| exclusive rewards in mutualisms: ant proteases and plant protease inhibitors create a lock-key system to protect acacia food bodies from exploitation. | myrmecophytic acacia species produce food bodies (fbs) to nourish ants of the pseudomyrmex ferrugineus group, with which they live in an obligate mutualism. we investigated how the fbs are protected from exploiting nonmutualists. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the fb proteomes and consecutive protein sequencing indicated the presence of several kunitz-type protease inhibitors (pis). pis extracted from acacia fbs were biologically active, as they effectively reduced the trypsin-like and e ... | 2013 | 23683294 |
| digestion of starch granules from maize, potato and wheat by larvae of the the yellow mealworm, tenebrio molitor and the mexican bean weevil, zabrotes subfasciatus. | scanning electron microscopy images were taken of starch granules from different sources following exposure in vivo and in vitro to gut alpha-amylases isolated from tenebrio molitor l. (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) and zabrotes subfasciatus boheman (coleoptera: bruchidae). one alpha-amylase was isolated from whole larval midguts of t. molitor using non-denaturing sds-page, while two other alpha-amylase fractions were isolated from whole larval midguts of z. subfasciatus using hydrophobic interacti ... | 2009 | 19619014 |
| karyotype, heterochromatin distribution and meiosis of zabrotes subfasciatus (bohemann) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae, bruchinae). | zabrotes subfasciatus (boh.) has been extensively studied in its agronomic and biochemical aspects due to its importance as a damaging insect to leguminous grains during storage. the few cytogenetic studies published on this species yielded conflicting results. in this study, the karyotype was analyzed in order to accurately describe the chromosome c-banding patterns and meiosis. the brain ganglion at the prepupa and the adult and pupal testes were analyzed. all individuals had 26 chromosomes in ... | 2017 | 19061039 |
| analysis of bruchid resistance in the wild common bean accession g02771: no evidence for insecticidal activity of arcelin 5. | arcelins are abundant seed storage proteins thought to be implicated in the resistance of wild phaseolus vulgaris (l.) genotypes against zabrotes subfasciatus (boheman), an important storage insect pest of common bean. here, the insecticidal activity of the arcelin-5 variant that is present in the highly resistant p. vulgaris accession g02771 was investigated. no correlation could be established between the presence of arcelin 5 and the insecticidal effects observed in g02771 seeds. insect feedi ... | 2000 | 10937698 |
| analysis of structural and physico-chemical parameters involved in the specificity of binding between alpha-amylases and their inhibitors. | enzyme-inhibitor specificity was studied for alpha-amylases and their inhibitors. we purified and cloned the cdnas of two different alpha-amylase inhibitors from the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) and have recently cloned the cdna of an alpha-amylase of the mexican bean weevil (zabrotes subfasciatus), which is inhibited by alpha-amylase inhibitor 2 but not by alpha-amylase inhibitor 1. the crystal structure of ai-1 complexed with pancreatic porcine alpha-amylase allowed us to model the structu ... | 2000 | 10775658 |
| variation of seed α-amylase inhibitors in the common bean. | variation of seed α-amylase inhibitors was investigated in 1 154 cultivated and 726 non-cultivated (wild and weedy) accessions of the common bean, phaseolus vulgaris l. four α-amylase inhibitor types were recognized based on the inhibtion by seed extracts of the activities of porcine pancreatic α-amylase and larval α-amylase and larval α-amylase of the mexican bean weevil, zabrotes subfasciatus boheman. of the 1 880 accessions examined most (1 734) were able to inhibit porcine pancreatic α-amyla ... | 1995 | 24173933 |
| recognition and binding of the pf2 lectin to α-amylase from zabrotes subfasciatus (coleoptera:bruchidae) larval midgut. | amylases are an important family of enzymes involved in insect carbohydrate metabolism that are required for the survival of insect larvae. for this reason, enzymes from starch-dependent insects are targets for insecticidal control. pf2 (olneya tesota) is a lectin that is toxic to zabrotes subfasciatus (coleoptera: bruchidae) larvae. in this study, we evaluated recognition of the pf2 lectin to α-amylases from z. subfasciatus midgut and the effect of pf2 on α-amylase activity. pf2 caused a decrea ... | 2014 | 25528751 |
| variation in cyanogenic glycosides across populations of wild lima beans (phaseolus lunatus) has no apparent effect on bruchid beetle performance. | cyanogenic glycosides (cngs) act as feeding or oviposition deterrents and are toxic after enzymatic hydrolysis, thus negatively affecting herbivore performance. while most studies on cngs focus on leaf herbivores, here we examined seeds from natural populations of phaseolus lunatus in mexico. the predominant cngs, linamarin and lotaustralin, were quantified for each population by using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. we also examined whether there was a correlation b ... | 2014 | 24863488 |
| performance of bean bruchids callosobruchus maculatus and zabrotes subfasciatus (coleoptera: bruchidae) reared on resistant (it81d-1045) and susceptible (epace 10) vigna unguiculata seeds: relationship with trypsin inhibitor and vicilin excretion. | callosobruchus maculatus (cm) and zabrotes subfasciatus (zs) were reared on resistant (it81d-1045) and on susceptible (epace 10) cowpea seeds. the emergence of adult insects, total developmental period (tdp) and excretion of trypsin inhibitor and vicilin were determined for both bruchid populations. parameter evaluation showed that the zs populations emerged from both seeds had no significant differences in emergence and tdp. the cm population raised from resistant seeds had lower emergence (5.6 ... | 2005 | 16246611 |
| performance of uscana mukerjii (mani) for the control of callosobruchus maculatus (fab.) and allied bruchid species. | investigations have been carried out on the relative preference of u. mukerjii to four common species viz., c. maculatus, c. analis, c. chinensis and zabrotes subfasciatus of store bruchids. results show correspondence between the acceptance/contact ratio and the total number of eggs laid by the parasitoid for callosobruchus species. u. mukerjii shows maximum preference on c. maculatus followed by c. analis, c. chinensis and z. subfasciatus in the decreasing order. z. subfasciatus has been the l ... | 2003 | 15248494 |
| azadirachtin-induced hormesis mediating shift in fecundity-longevity trade-off in the mexican bean weevil (chrysomelidae: bruchinae). | insecticides can have lethal or sublethal effects upon targeted pest species, and sublethal effects may even favor pest outbreaks if insecticide-induced hormesis occurs. hormesis is a biphasic dose-response of a given chemical compound that is stimulatory at low doses and toxic at high doses. the former response may result from the disruption of animal homeostasis leading to trade-off shifts between basic ecophysiological processes. a growing interest in the use of biorational insecticides, such ... | 2014 | 24772571 |
| isolation and characterisation of arcelin-5 proteins and cdnas. | arcelins are seed storage proteins present in some wild bean accessions (phaseolus vulgaris). they are implicated in the resistance phenotype of these wild beans towards the mexican bean weevil. arcelin 5, one of six arcelin electrophoretic variants, has been characterised in detail. the purified arcelin-5 protein fraction contained two major polypeptides of 32.2 and 31.5 kda, designated arcelin 5a and arcelin 5b, respectively, and one minor polypeptide of 30.8 kda, designated arcelin 5c. the th ... | 1994 | 7957215 |
| insecticidal activity and lectin homology of arcelin seed protein. | arcelin, a major seed protein discovered in wild beans (phaseolus vulgaris), has toxic effects on an important bean bruchid pest, zabrotes subfasciatus. transfer of the arcelin-1 allele to bean cultivars and addition of purified arcelin to artificial seeds results in high levels of insect resistance. the nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences of the arcelin-1 complementary dna are very similar to those of genes encoding the bean seed lectin, phytohemagglutinin. the gene or genes encoding ar ... | 1988 | 17800917 |