| nitrogen metabolism in the photoresponsive phytopathogenic fungus cercospora beticola. | | 1976 | 1033855 |
| carbon-utilization patterns in the photoresponsive fungus cercospora beticola. | | 1976 | 1033856 |
| longevity of cercospora beticola conidia under different storage conditions. | | 1971 | 5105617 |
| free amino acids in sugar beet leaves and their effect upon growth of (parasitic fungus) cercospora beticola sacc. | | 1970 | 5457494 |
| arising of a coloured variant in the species cercospora beticola sacc. in vitro. | | 1970 | 5529641 |
| [effect of warm temperature and of relative humidity of the air on the germination of conidia of the species cercospora beticola sacc]. | | 1965 | 5892514 |
| characterization and localization of new antifungal cysteine-rich proteins from beta vulgaris. | two novel antifungal proteins, ax1 and ax2, were isolated from leaves of sugar beet infected with cercospora beticola. ax1 (mw = 5078 +/- 3d) and ax2 (mw = 5193 +/- 3d) were n-terminally sequenced and identified as monomeric, basic proteins consisting of 46 amino acid residues, of which eight are cysteines. both ax proteins strongly inhibit growth of c. beticola and other filamentous fungi, but have little or no effect against bacteria. based on primary sequence homology (24 to 46% identity), th ... | 1995 | 7655063 |
| cercospora beticola toxins. vii. fluorometric study of their interactions with biological membranes. | the interactions of two beticolins, cercospora beticola toxins, and of their magnesium complexes with liposomes or plasma membrane were studied. the fluorometric ph titration curves of beticolins in liposomes and in plasma membranes reveal the presence of the dissociated form of beticolins. the concentration of the magnesium complex in these membranes increases at high ph. the partition coefficient of beticolin-1 on liposomes is 3-fold higher than that of beticolin-2 and the fluorescence of both ... | 1994 | 7918554 |
| a hydroxyproline-containing class iv chitinase of sugar beet is glycosylated with xylose. | two acidic chitinase isoforms, sp1 and sp2, have been purified to homogeneity from leaves of sugar beet (beta vulgaris) infected with cercospora beticola. sp1 and sp2 are extracellular proteins with an apparent molecular mass of 35 kda and an approximate pi of 4.2. since the only major difference was slightly diverging m(r)'s, only the sp2 chitinase was further characterized. partial amino acid sequence data for sp2 was used to generate a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) clone employed for the is ... | 1994 | 8018873 |
| an acidic class iii chitinase in sugar beet: induction by cercospora beticola, characterization, and expression in transgenic tobacco plants. | an acidic chitinase (se) was found to accumulate in leaves of sugar beet (beta vulgaris) during infection with cercospora beticola. two isoforms, se1 and se2, with mw of 29 kda and pi of approximately 3.0 were purified to homogeneity. se2 is an endochitinase that also exhibits exochitinase activity, i.e., it is capable of hydrolyzing chito-oligosaccharides, including chitobiose, into n-acetyl-glucosamine. partial amino acid sequence data for se2 were used to obtain a cdna clone by polymerase cha ... | 1993 | 8400378 |
| new antifungal proteins from sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) showing homology to non-specific lipid transfer proteins. | two novel, nearly identical antifungal proteins, iwf1 and iwf2, were isolated from the intercellular washing fluid (iwf) of sugar beet leaves. the proteins were purified to homogeneity and their amino acid sequences were determined. they are basic, monomeric proteins of 91 amino acid residues, 89 of which are identical. both proteins show strong in vitro antifungal activity against cercospora beticola, the casual agent of leaf spot disease in sugar beet. based on primary sequence homology, inclu ... | 1996 | 8790287 |
| inhibition of cellular growth and steroid 11 beta-hydroxylation in ras-transformed adrenocortical cells by the fungal toxins beticolins. | the proliferation of gm16 and 4cdt ras-transformed newborn rat adrenocortical (rtac) cells and y1 mouse adrenal tumor cells was inhibited by beticolins, the fungal toxins extracted from cercospora beticola, at submicromolar concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. inhibitory concentrations for half the maximum inhibition were 150, 75 and 25 nm for beticolin-1 and 230, 150 and 50 nm for beticolin-2 in gm16, 4cdt and y1 cells respectively. beticolins strongly inhibited the production of 11 beta- ... | 1996 | 8938985 |
| cercospora beticola toxins. part xvii. the role of the beticolin/mg2+ complexes in their biological activity. study of plasma membrane h(+)-atpase, vacuolar h(+)-ppase, alkaline and acid phosphatases. | beticolin-1 and beticolin-2, yellow toxins produced by the phytopathogenic fungus cercospora beticola, inhibit the plasma membrane h(+)-atpase. firstly, since beticolins are able to form complexes with mg2+, the role of the beticolin/mg2+ complexes in the inhibition of the plasma membrane proton pump has been investigated. calculations indicate that beticolins could exist under several forms, in the h(+)-atpase assay mixture, both free or complexed with mg2+. however, the percentage inhibition o ... | 1996 | 8948473 |
| characterization of a new antifungal chitin-binding peptide from sugar beet leaves. | the intercellular washing fluid (iwf) from leaves of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) contains a number of proteins exhibiting in vitro antifungal activity against the devastating leaf pathogen cercospora beticola (sacc.). among these, a potent antifungal peptide, designated iwf4, was identified. the 30-amino-acid residue sequence of iwf4 is rich in cysteines (6) and glycines (7) and has a highly basic isoelectric point. iwf4 shows homology to the chitin-binding (hevein) domain of chitin-binding pr ... | 1997 | 9008390 |
| magnesium ions promote assembly of channel-like structures from beticolin 0, a non-peptide fungal toxin purified from cercospora beticola. | beticolins are toxins produced by the fungus cercospora beticola. using beticolin 0 (b0), we have produced a strong and mg(2+)-dependent increase in the membrane conductance of arabidopsis protoplasts and xenopus oocytes. in protein-free artificial bilayers, discrete deflexions of current were observed (12 ps unitary conductance in symmetrical 100 mm kcl) in the presence of b0 (approximately 10 microm) and in the presence of nominal mg2+. addition of 50 microm mg2+ induced a macroscopic current ... | 1998 | 9628029 |
| processing, disulfide pattern, and biological activity of a sugar beet defensin, ax2, expressed in pichia pastoris. | ax2 is a 46-amino-acid cysteine-rich peptide isolated from sugar beet leaves infected with the fungus cercospora beticola (sacc.). ax2 strongly inhibits the growth of c. beticola and other filamentous fungi, but has little or no effect against bacteria. ax2 is produced in very low amounts in sugar beet leaves, and to study the protein in greater detail with respect to biological function and protein structural analysis, the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris was used for large-scale production ... | 1999 | 10425158 |
| cluster organization and pore structure of ion channels formed by beticolin 3, a nonpeptidic fungal toxin. | beticolin 3 (b3) belongs to a family of nonpeptidic phytotoxins produced by the fungus cercospora beticola, which present a broad spectrum of cytotoxic effects. we report here that, at cytotoxic concentration (10 microm), b3 formed voltage-independent, weakly selective ion channels with multiple conductance levels in planar lipid bilayers. in symmetrical standard solutions, conductance values of the first levels were, respectively, 16 +/- 1 ps, 32 +/- 2 ps, and 57 +/- 2 ps (n = 4) and so on, any ... | 1999 | 10585927 |
| beticolins, nonpeptidic, polycyclic molecules produced by the phytopathogenic fungus cercospora beticola, as a new family of ion channel-forming toxins. | beticolins are toxins produced by cercospora beticola, a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for the leaf spot disease of sugar beet. they form a family of 20 nonpeptidic compounds (named b0 to b19) that share the same polycyclic skeleton but differ by isomeric configuration (ortho- or para-) and by a variable residue r (bridging two carbons in one of the six cycles). it has been previously shown that b0 assembles itself into a multimeric structure and forms ion channels into planar lipid bilayer ... | 2000 | 10659710 |
| characterization of a new antifungal non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsltp) from sugar beet leaves. | a novel protein (iwf5) comprising 92 amino acids has been purified from the intercellular washing fluid of sugar beet leaves using cation exchange chromatography and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. based on amino acid sequence homology, including the presence of eight cysteines at conserved positions, the protein can be classified as a member of the plant family of non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps). the protein is 47% identical to iwf1, an antifungal nsltp prev ... | 2000 | 10773337 |
| partial characterization and localization of a novel type of antifungal protein (iwf6) isolated from sugar beet leaves. | an antifungal protein was isolated from the intercellular washing fluid (iwf) of leaves of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l., cv. monova) and purified to homogeneity. the protein, iwf6, comprising 37 amino acids with six cysteines, was able to inhibit the growth of the pathogen cercospora beticola (sacc.) in vitro, by 75% after 120 h of growth at a concentration of 20 µg ml(-1). the amino acid sequence data were used to generate a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) clone, employed for the isolation of a ... | 2000 | 11011090 |
| effects of 12 beticolins, cercospora beticola toxins, on proliferation of ras-transformed adrenocortical cell. | to explore different effects of 12 beticolins, cercospora beticola toxins, on ras-transformed adrenocortical cell growth inhibition and their functional mechanism. | 2001 | 11749855 |
| cercospora beticola toxins (x. inhibition of plasma membrane h+-atpase by beticolin-1). | beticolin-1 is a toxin produced by the fungus cercospora beticola. the chemical structure of this toxin was previously elucidated. the effects of beticolin-1 on purified corn root plasma membrane h+-atpase were studied in a solubilized form or were reconstituted into liposome membranes. the atp hydrolysis activity of the purified solubilized enzyme was inhibited by micromolar concentrations of beticolin-1, and this inhibition was noncompetitive with respect to atp. when this purified enzyme was ... | 1996 | 12226329 |
| genetic similarity among cercospora apii-group species and their detection in host plant tissue by pcr/rflp analyses of the rdna internal transcribed spacer (its). | the objective of this study was to determine the genetic relatedness among the cercospora and pseudocercospora species closely related to cercospora apii by using a polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr/rflp) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (its) region. a single pcr fragment (about 550 bp) was obtained from all cercospora species categorized as the c. apii-group, pseudocercospora purpurea, pseudocercospora conyzae, and pseudocercospora cavarae. cerc ... | 2000 | 12483593 |
| [host cycle and systematic relationship of cercospora beticola]. | | 1955 | 13249509 |
| characterization of field-isolates and derived dmi-resistant strains of cercospora beticola. | cercospora beticola strains with laboratory induced resistance to tetraconazole were compared with their parental wt sensitive strains to evaluate the effects of resistance on fitness and assess whether any change in the sterol biosynthetic pathway was associated to the reduced fungicide sensitivity. in vitro growth rate on agar media and pathogenicity were found to be negatively affected by resistance. the main functional sterols in c. beticola wt strains under investigation were ergosterol, br ... | 2003 | 14635766 |
| oxidative burst elicited by bacillus mycoides isolate bac j, a biological control agent, occurs independently of hypersensitive cell death in sugar beet. | response of sugar beet cultivars c40 and ush11 to syringe infiltration of live and dead bacillus mycoides isolate bac j, a biological control agent, and virulent and avirulent isolates of erwinia carotovora pv. betavasculorum was measured by monitoring systemic acquired resistance control of cercospora beticola, specific activity of chitinase and beta-glucanase, the oxidative burst, and hypersensitive cell death at the infiltration site. priming sugar beet with b. mycoides bac j (1 x 10(8) cells ... | 2003 | 14651348 |
| thermal and chlorophyll-fluorescence imaging distinguish plant-pathogen interactions at an early stage. | different biotic stresses yield specific symptoms, owing to their distinct influence on a plant's physiological status. to monitor early changes in a plant's physiological status upon pathogen attack, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (chl-fi) and thermography, which respectively visualize photosynthetic efficiency and transpiration, were carried out in parallel for two fundamentally different plant-pathogen interactions. these non-destructive imaging techniques were able to visualize infections ... | 2004 | 15295072 |
| superoxide dismutase transgenes in sugarbeets confer resistance to oxidative agents and the fungus c. beticola. | sugarbeets carrying superoxide dismutase transgenes were developed in order to investigate the possibility of enhancing their resistance to oxidative stress. binary t-dna vectors carrying the chloroplastic and cytosolic superoxide dismutase genes from tomato, were used for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sugarbeet petioles. the transgenic plants were subjected to treatments known to cause oxidative stress, such as the herbicide methyl viologen and a natural photosensitizer toxin produce ... | 2004 | 15359600 |
| suppression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase expression in sugar beet by the fungal pathogen cercospora beticola is mediated at the core promoter of the gene. | the suppression of plant defence reactions plays a crucial role in causing plant diseases. in this report, we show that inducible plant defences are repressed during the development of cercospora leaf spot disease. in the early phase of infection of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) leaves with the phytopathogenic fungus cercospora beticola , a reduction in the expression of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (bvpal) and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (bvc4h) genes was observed. bvpal reduction was found ... | 2004 | 15604720 |
| cercospora beticola toxin inhibits vanadate-sensitive h transport in corn root membrane vesicles. | the effect of cercospora beticola toxin on the transport of protons by vanadate-sensitive atpase was studied with corn (zea mays) root microsomal vesicles prepared by differential centrifugation, sedimentation through a sucrose cushion, and washing with triton x-100 plus kbr. in these preparations, addition of atp induced intravesicular h(+)-accumulation as evidenced by a rapid quenching of the fluorescence of 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxy acridine. this quenching was relatively unaffected by inhib ... | 1988 | 16666321 |
| cercospora beticola toxins. part vi: preliminary studies of protonation and complexation equilibria. | the biological activity of cercospora beticola toxins might be enhanced by the complex formation with magnesium. therefore, protonation and complexation equilibria of beticolins were studied. beticolins carry three dissociable functions (h3b) two of which dissociate at a physiological ph. in the presence of magnesium, the neutralisation and protonation curves provide evidence for the formation of complexes. at physiological ph, the uncharged complex, mg2h2b2, is the predominant form. the nonioni ... | 1994 | 17020834 |
| mating-type genes and the genetic structure of a world-wide collection of the tomato pathogen cladosporium fulvum. | two mating-type genes, designated mat1-1-1 and mat1-2-1, were cloned and sequenced from the presumed asexual ascomycete cladosporium fulvum (syn. passalora fulva). the encoded products are highly homologous to mating-type proteins from members of the mycosphaerellaceae, such as mycosphaerella graminicola and cercospora beticola. in addition, the two mat idiomorphs of c. fulvum showed regions of homology and each contained one additional putative orf without significant similarity to known sequen ... | 2007 | 17178244 |
| factors affecting the onset of cercospora leaf spot epidemics in sugar beet and establishment of disease-monitoring thresholds. | abstract severe cercospora leaf spots epidemics in sugar beet during the late 1980s and early 1990s in southern germany prompted us to initiate investigations on the epidemiology of the causal agent, cercospora beticola. the data set involved 69 field trials (1993 to 2003) focusing on factors affecting the epidemic onset of this disease. observations were made at weekly intervals, recording the calendar week when canopy closure occurred (growth stage according to bbch scale = 39) and symptom dev ... | 2005 | 18943120 |
| accumulation of the hormone abscisic acid (aba) at the infection site of the fungus cercospora beticola supports the role of aba as a repressor of plant defence in sugar beet. | inducible plant defence responses in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) leaves are repressed during the early phase of infection by the fungus cercospora beticola. in this report, we show that the concentration of the plant hormone abscisic acid (aba) increases in sugar beet leaves during c. beticola infection. after an initial burst of aba induced by inoculation of the fungus, elevated aba concentrations were detected during the fungal penetration and colonization phases 3-9 days after inoculation. ... | 2008 | 19018995 |
| fluctuations in number of cercospora beticola conidia in relationship to environment and disease severity in sugar beet. | cercospora leaf spot, caused by cercospora beticola, is the most damaging foliar disease of sugar beet in minnesota (mn) and north dakota (nd). research was conducted to characterize the temporal progression of aerial concentration of c. beticola conidia in association with the environment and disease severity in sugar beet. in 2003 and 2004, volumetric spore traps were placed within inoculated sugar beet plots to determine daily dispersal of conidia at breckenridge, mn, and st. thomas, nd. plot ... | 2009 | 19522577 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of 2-hydroxy-4,5-methylenedioxyaryl ketones as analogues of kakuol. | in a study aiming to determine the structural elements essential to the antifungal activity of kakuol, we synthesized a series of 2-hydroxy-4,5-methylenedioxyaryl ketones, and we assayed their in vitro antifungal activity. the most sensitive target organisms to the action of these class of compounds were phytophthora infestans, phytium ultimum, cercospora beticola, cladosporium cucumerinum, and rhizoctonia solani. most of the analogs showed a remarkable in vitro activity, and some of them appear ... | 2010 | 20397224 |
| arabidopsis thaliana plant defensin atpdf1.1 is involved in the plant response to biotic stress. | *previously, it was shown that the arabidopsis thaliana plant defensins atpdf1.1 (at1g75830) and atpdf1.2a (at5g44420) exert in vitro antimicrobial properties and that their corresponding genes are expressed in seeds and induced in leaves upon pathogen attack, respectively. *in this study, the expression profile of both atpdf1.1 and atpdf1.2a is analysed in wild-type plants upon different stress-related treatments and the effect of modulation of their expression in transgenic plants is examined ... | 2010 | 20561213 |
| sugarbeet leaf spot disease (cercospora beticola sacc.)dagger. | summary leaf spot disease caused by cercospora beticola sacc. is the most destructive foliar pathogen of sugarbeet worldwide. in addition to reducing yield and quality of sugarbeet, the control of leaf spot disease by extensive fungicide application incurs added costs to producers and repeatedly has selected for fungicide-tolerant c. beticola strains. the genetics and biochemistry of virulence have been examined less for c. beticola as compared with the related fungi c. nicotianae, c. kikuchii a ... | 2004 | 20565605 |
| hypoxylon sp., an endophyte of persea indica, producing 1,8-cineole and other bioactive volatiles with fuel potential. | an endophytic fungus of persea indica was identified, on the basis of its anamorphic stage, as nodulosporium sp. by sem. partial sequence analysis of its rdna revealed the identity of the teleomorphic stage of the fungus as hypoxylon sp. it produces an impressive spectrum of volatile organic compounds (vocs), most notably 1,8-cineole, 1-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene, and tentatively identified (+)-.alpha.-methylene-.alpha.-fenchocamphorone, among many others, most of which are unidentified. six-day- ... | 2010 | 20953951 |
| transcript profiles in sugar beet genotypes uncover timing and strength of defense reactions to cercospora beticola infection. | cercospora leaf spot disease, caused by the fungus cercospora beticola, is the most destructive foliar disease of sugar beet (beta vulgaris) worldwide. despite the great agronomical importance of this disease, little is known about its underlying molecular processes. technical resources are scarce for analyzing this important crop species. we developed a sugar beet microarray with 44,000 oligonucleotides that represent 17,277 cdnas. during the four stages of c. beticola-b. vulgaris interactions, ... | 2011 | 21385013 |
| characterization of cbcyp51 from field isolates of cercospora beticola. | the hemi-biotrophic fungus cercospora beticola causes leaf spot of sugarbeet. leaf spot control measures include the application of sterol demethylation inhibitor (dmi) fungicides. however, reduced sensitivity to dmis has been reported recently in the red river valley sugarbeet growing region of north dakota and minnesota. here, we report the cloning and molecular characterization of cbcyp51, which encodes the dmi target enzyme sterol p450 14α-demethylase in c. beticola. cbcyp51 is a 1,632 b ... | 2011 | 22085297 |
| Fungicide resistance assays for fungal plant pathogens. | Fungicide resistance assays are useful to determine if a fungal pathogen has developed resistance to a fungicide used to manage the disease it causes. Laboratory assays are used to determine loss of sensitivity, or resistance, to a fungicide and can explain fungicide failures and for developing successful fungicide recommendations in the field. Laboratory assays for fungicide resistance are conducted by measuring reductions in growth or spore germination of fungi in the presence of fungicide, or ... | 2012 | 22183666 |