| bacterial stalk rot of maize, its symptoms and host-range. | stalk rot of maize, caused by erwinia carotovora f. sp. zeae sabet (re-designated as pectobacterium chrysanthemi pathovar. zeae by kelman 1974) showed first premature withering and drying up of the uppermost leaves which was soon followed by the lower leaves. the rot either extended from the base upwards (basal rot) or from the top downwards (top rot). in the case of basal rot, the leaves become yellow and the infected tissue becomes brown, soft, and water soaked. internally, the stalk turns int ... | 1977 | 857508 |
| [the influence of choramphenicol and streptomycinsulphate on the growth of pectobacterium carotovorum var. atrosepticum (van hall) dowson (author's transl)]. | the influence of the antibiotics chloraphenicol (d-threo-form) and streptomycin sulphate against pectobacterium carotovorum var. atrosepticum (syn. erwinia carotovora) was investigated in vitro and on potato tubers. chloramphenicol showed a greater effect as streptomycinsulphate in the applied concentrations. the success of the control of soft rot is determined by the period between the inoculation and the treatment of the tubers. 6 several strains of p. carotovorum var. atrosepticum showed a di ... | 1976 | 1037182 |
| n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone regulates carbapenem antibiotic production in erwinia carotovora. | erwinia carotovora a.t.c.c. 39048 produces the antibiotic 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid. a number of mutants with a carbapenem-non-producing phenotype were selected as part of an investigation into the molecular and genetic basis of carbapenem biosynthesis. cross-feeding studies revealed that the mutants fell into two discrete groups. group 1 mutants were found to secrete a diffusible low-molecular-mass compound which restored carbapenem production in group 2 mutants. this compound was isola ... | 1992 | 1335238 |
| purifications and properties of orotidine-phosphorolyzing enzyme and purine nucleoside phosphorylase from erwinia carotovora aj 2992. | an orotidine-phosphorolyzing enzyme and a purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pnpase) of erwinia carotovora aj 2992, which is a potent producer of ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), an antiviral agent, from orotidine and 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (tca), were purified 23-fold and 103-fold, respectively. at each purification step, the orotidine-phosphorolyzing enzyme was always co-purified with an uridine phosphorylase (upase) and its activity could not be separated f ... | 1991 | 1368721 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of the extracellular pectate lyase ii gene from erwinia carotovora er. | erwinia carotovora er produces three extra-cellular pectate lyases (pl i, ii, and iii). the gene for pectate lyase ii (pelii) of e. carotovora er was cloned and expressed both in escherichia coli and e. carotovora er. localization experiments in e. coli showed that pl ii was exclusively in the cytoplasmic space, while pl ii was excreted into the culture medium. the complete nucleotides of the pelii gene were sequenced and found to include one open reading frame of 1122 bp coding for a protein of ... | 1992 | 1369060 |
| [mu-induced deletions and mutations of erwinia carotovora chromosomes, including resident prophages e105 and 59]. | the plasmid rp4::mu cts62 in stably inherited by erwinia carotovora 268 strain. under the conditions of thermoinduction bacteriophage mu is segregated and completely eliminated more intensively than in escherichia coli cells. at thermoinduction the transposition of bacteriophage mu cts62 into different chromosomal sites takes place, causing the induction of chlorate resistant and auxotrophic mutants with the frequency of 10(-4). two clones deficient in production of 2 of the 4 resident prophages ... | 1992 | 1406759 |
| analysis of eight out genes in a cluster required for pectic enzyme secretion by erwinia chrysanthemi: sequence comparison with secretion genes from other gram-negative bacteria. | many extracellular proteins produced by erwinia chrysanthemi require the out gene products for transport across the outer membrane. in a previous report (s. y. he, m. lindeberg, a. k. chatterjee, and a. collmer, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 88:1079-1083, 1991) cosmid pcpp2006, sufficient for secretion of erwinia chrysanthemi extracellular proteins by escherichia coli, was partially sequenced, revealing four out genes sharing high homology with pulh through pulk from klebsiella oxytoca. the nucleot ... | 1992 | 1429461 |
| some of the out genes involved in the secretion of pectate lyases in erwinia chrysanthemi are regulated by kdgr. | the out genes of erwinia chrysanthemi are required for the translocation across the outer membrane of pectate lyases and cellulases. we present the characterization and the nucleotide sequence of five genes of the out cluster. the products of outs, b, c, d and e have significant homology with the puls, b, c, d and e proteins necessary to the secretion of pullulanase in klebsiella pneumoniae. an open reading frame, outt, located between outb and outc has no homology with the pul cluster but is in ... | 1992 | 1453958 |
| small molecule-mediated density-dependent control of gene expression in prokaryotes: bioluminescence and the biosynthesis of carbapenem antibiotics. | sophisticated signal transduction systems enable prokaryotes to sense their growth environment and mount an appropriate adaptive response. signal transduction and gene regulation through the phosphorylation of two regulatory components is now recognised as one of the major global regulatory networks in bacteria. however, not all types of sensor-regulator circuits relay information via phosphoryl transfer. the vibrio fischeri luxr protein which has previously been characterised as a member of the ... | 1992 | 1478452 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis and comparison of the lexa genes from salmonella typhimurium, erwinia carotovora, pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas putida. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the lexa genes from salmonella typhimurium, erwinia carotovora, pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas putida were determined; the dna sequences of the lexa genes from these bacteria were 86%, 76%, 61% and 59% similar, respectively, to the escherichia coli k12 gene. the predicted amino acid sequences of the s. typhimurium, e. carotovora and p. putida lexa proteins are 202 residues long whereas that of p. aeruginosa is 204. two putative lexa repressor binding ... | 1992 | 1494343 |
| expression of peha-bla gene fusions in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and isolation of regulatory mutants affecting polygalacturonase production. | in vitro gene fusions were constructed between the polygalacturonase-encoding peha gene of the erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) strain scc3193 and the bla gene of pbr322. the gene fusions obtained (75-2, 75-5 and 75-6) encoded hybrid proteins with the entire signal peptide and 70, 260 or 327 amino acids (aa) of the mature 376 aa peha protein, respectively, fused to the mature part of the periplasmic beta-lactamase. all three hybrid proteins remained cell-bound in ecc. high-level expres ... | 1992 | 1495488 |
| stereochemistry of the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by endoglucanase z from erwinia chrysanthemi. | endoglucanase z from the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi (strain 3937) was purified by affinity chromatography on microcrystalline cellulose avicel ph101. a kinetic characterization using p-nitrophenyl beta-d-cellobioside and p-nitrophenyl beta-d-lactosde as substrates was conducted: endoglucanase z exhibited km values of 3 mm and 7.5 mm and vm values of 129 and 40 nmol.min-1.mg-1 towards p-nitrophenyl beta-d-cellobioside (kcat = 0.1 s-1) and p-nitrophenyl beta-d-lactoside (kcat = ... | 1992 | 1563515 |
| allergic reactions to erwinia asparaginase in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had previous allergic reactions to escherichia coli asparaginase. | escherichia coli asparaginase is an active antileukemia agent in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. allergic reactions occurred in 31 of 125 patients (24.8%) treated with weekly high-dose (25,000 iu/m2) intramuscular e. coli asparaginase and necessitated discontinuation of the drug. | 1992 | 1606543 |
| secretion of cyaa-prtb and hlya-prtb fusion proteins in escherichia coli: involvement of the glycine-rich repeat domain of erwinia chrysanthemi protease b. | protease b from erwinia chrysanthemi was shown previously to have a c-terminal secretion signal located downstream of a domain that contains six glycine-rich repeats. this domain is conserved in all known bacterial proteins secreted by the signal peptide-independent pathway. the role of these repeats in the secretion process is controversial. we compared the secretion processes of various heterologous polypeptides fused either directly to the signal or separated from it by the glycine-rich domai ... | 1992 | 1629152 |
| characterization of the erwinia carotovora peh gene and its product polygalacturonase. | the peh gene, encoding polygalacturonase (peh), was identified in erwinia carotovora strain ec and cloned in escherichia coli. recombinant peh (re-peh) was purified from e. coli strain 706 containing peh on a recombinant plasmid. the activity of the re-peh protein is optimal at ph 5.5. the n-terminal and internal amino acid (aa) sequences of re-peh were determined and compared to the aa sequence deduced from the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the cloned peh. the re-peh has no similarity, based on e ... | 1992 | 1644302 |
| simultaneous expression of a bacteriophage mu transposase and repressor: a way of preventing killing due to mini-mu replication. | in vitro studies of bacteriophage mu transposition have shown that the phage-encoded transposase and repressor bind the same sequences on the phage genome. we attempted to test that prediction in vivo and found that mu repressor directly inhibits transposition. we also found that, in the absence of repressor, constitutive expression of mu transposition functions pa and pb is lethal in escherichia coli strains lysogenic for a mini-mu and that this is the result of intensive replication of the min ... | 1991 | 1662754 |
| analysis of an erwinia chrysanthemi gene cluster involved in pectin degradation. | a group of four genes of erwinia chrysanthemi involved in pectin degradation has been characterized. these four genes form independent transcription units and are regulated by the negative regulatory gene, kdgr. the functions of two of these genes are known: kdud codes for the 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate oxydoreductase and kdul for the 5-keto-4-deoxyuronate isomerase, two enzymes of the pectin degradation pathway. kdgc has 36% homology with pectate lyase genes of the periplasmic family but its produ ... | 1991 | 1766386 |
| genetic evidence for an activator required for induction of pectin lyase in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora by dna-damaging agents. | in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71, the induction of pectin lyase (pnl), the bacteriocin carotovoricin (ctv), and cellular lysis (lss) requires a reca function. we obtained mutants wherein a pleiotropic defect, i.e., the lack of induction with mitomycin c, is not restored by the reca+ dna. from a genomic library of strain 71, a cosmid (pakc280) that restored induction of pnl, ctv, and lss by mitomycin c was isolated. the activator function, designated rdg for regulator of damage-inducibl ... | 1992 | 1644776 |
| a general role for the lux autoinducer in bacterial cell signalling: control of antibiotic biosynthesis in erwinia. | micro-organisms have evolved complex and diverse mechanisms to sense environmental changes. activation of a sensory mechanism typically leads to alterations in gene expression facilitating an adaptive response. this may take several forms, but many are mediated by response-regulator proteins. the luxr-encoded protein (luxr) has previously been characterised as a member of the response-regulator superfamily and is known to respond to the small diffusible autoinducer signal molecule n-(beta-ketoca ... | 1992 | 1628848 |
| expression of the erwinia carotovora polygalacturonase-encoding gene in bacillus subtilis: role of signal peptide fusions on production of a heterologous protein. | the peha gene encoding an endopolygalacturonase (pectinase) of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora has been cloned previously [saarilahti et al., mol. microbiol. 4 (1990) 1037-1044]. we expressed peha in bacillus subtilis using a secretion vector based on the promoter and signal sequence of the alpha-amylase (amy)-encoding gene, amye, from bacillus amyloliquefaciens. to test whether the location of the junction between the secretion vector and peha affects the protein yield, we made four differ ... | 1992 | 1628841 |
| ferric iron uptake in erwinia chrysanthemi mediated by chrysobactin and related catechol-type compounds. | erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 possesses a saturable, high-affinity transport system for the ferric complex of its native siderophore chrysobactin, [n-alpha-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-d-lysyl-l-serine]. uptake of 55fe-labeled chrysobactin was completely inhibited by respiratory poison or low temperature and was significantly reduced in rich medium. the kinetics of chrysobactin-mediated iron transport were determined to have apparent km and vmax values of about 30 nm and of 90 pmol/mg.min, respectively. i ... | 1992 | 1624465 |
| erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora extracellular protease: characterization and nucleotide sequence of the gene. | the prt1 gene encoding extracellular protease from erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora ec14 in cosmid pca7 was subcloned to create plasmid psk1. the partial nucleotide sequence of the insert in psk1 (1,878 bp) revealed a 1,041-bp open reading frame (orf1) that correlated with protease activity in deletion mutants. orf1 encodes a polypeptide of 347 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 38,826 da. escherichia coli transformed with psk1 or psk23, a subclone of psk1, produces a protease ( ... | 1991 | 1917878 |
| the haemoglobin-like protein (hmp) of escherichia coli has ferrisiderophore reductase activity and its c-terminal domain shares homology with ferredoxin nadp+ reductases. | three soluble ferrisiderophore reductases (fsra, fsrb and fsrc) were detected in escherichia coli. fsrb was purified and identified as the haemoglobin-like protein (hmp) by size and n-terminal sequence analyses. hmp was previously isolated as a dihydropteridine reductase and is now shown to have ferrisiderophore reductase activity. database searches revealed that the c-terminal region of hmp (fsrb) is homologous to members of a family of flavoprotein oxidoreductases which includes ferredoxin nad ... | 1992 | 1601132 |
| cloning and characterization of a pectate lyase gene from erwinia carotovora ec153. | a pel gene cloned from strain ec153 of erwinia carotovora encoded a pectate lyase that macerated plant tissue with moderate efficiency. this gene, called pel153, was sequenced and found to possess considerable homology with a pectate lyase gene from yersinia pseudotuberculosis. the yersinia protein, however, was truncated at the carboxyl terminal end relative to the erwinia gene product and had a lower isoelectric point. the erwinia pel153 gene was overexpressed in cells of escherichia coli, and ... | 1989 | 2520159 |
| purification of the acidic pectate lyase and nucleotide sequence of the corresponding gene (pela) of erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937. | the pela gene from erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937, which encodes the acidic pectate lyase, pla, has been sequenced and characterized. the structural gene consists of a 1179 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 41,555 da, which includes an n-terminal signal peptide. the deduced amino acid sequence shows a protein very similar to some pls already sequenced. cloning of the pela gene behind the lacz promoter of the vector ptz19r allowed overexpression of pla into a derivative of strain ... | 1992 | 1593262 |
| high-affinity iron uptake systems present in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora include the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin. | the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora w3c105 produced the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin under iron-limiting conditions. a survey of 22 diverse strains of e. carotovora revealed that strain w3c105 alone produced aerobactin. the ferric-aerobactin receptor of strain w3c105 was an 80-kda protein, identified by immunoblots of sarkosyl-soluble proteins obtained from e. carotovora cells grown in iron-depleted medium and probed with antiserum raised against the 74-kda f ... | 1992 | 1569027 |
| differential depolymerization mechanisms of pectate lyases secreted by erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | the four pectate lyases (ec 4.2.2.2) secreted by erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 have been individually produced as recombinant enzymes in escherichia coli. oligogalacturonates formed from polygalacturonic acid during reactions catalyzed by each enzyme have been determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. pla catalyzes the formation of a series of oligomers ranging from dimer to dodecamer through a random endolytic depolarization mechanism. plb and plc are trimer- and tetramer-gener ... | 1992 | 1548242 |
| fermentation of polysaccharides by klebsielleae and other facultative bacilli. | fermentations of 10 polysaccharides by species of the family enterobacteriaceae were examined. algin, guar, karaya, xanthan, and xylan were not fermented by any of the strains tested. most of the activity was found in the tribe klebsielleae. klebsiella oxytoca fermented amylopectin (97% of the strains studied), carrageenan (100%), inulin (68%), polypectate (100%), and tragacanth (100%). klebsiella pneumoniae fermented amylopectin (91%), carrageenan (100%), and tragacanth (86%). carrageenan was a ... | 1980 | 7396489 |
| purification and functional characterization of the kdgr protein, a major repressor of pectinolysis genes of erwinia chrysanthemi. | the phytopathogenicity of the enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi chiefly results from its capacity to degrade pectin, which is the major component of plant cell walls. this degradation requires the product of 12 genes which constitute independent transcriptional units. all these genes, including kdgt which encodes the 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate (kdg) transport system, are negatively regulated by the kdgr protein. the e. chrysanthemi kdgr gene was cloned into an expression vector and overexpressed ... | 1992 | 1545709 |
| cloning and characterization of a phospholipase gene from erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | a single gene (plca) was cloned from a cosmid library of erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 dna that encoded an extracellular phospholipase. the gene was subcloned and dna sequence data showed the presence of a single open reading frame encoding a protein with a predicted size of 39 kda. the coding region was g+c-rich and the protein had a predicted basic isoelectric point. the protein showed no significant homology with others in the pir library, including other phospholipases. when overexpressed in esc ... | 1992 | 1545703 |
| negative transcriptional control of iron transport in erwinia chrysanthemi involves an iron-responsive two-factor system. | systemic virulence of the phytopathogen erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 requires a functional iron assimilation system which, in this enterobacterium, is mediated by the siderophore chrysobactin and the outer membrane transport protein fct. we investigated the regulation of this system by iron. no direct similarity with the escherichia coli fur gene was found. insertional mutagenesis allowed isolation of a regulatory mutant which expressed chrysobactin and two other high-affinity iron transport system ... | 1992 | 1508046 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequence and characterization of the gene encoding the erwinia chrysanthemi b374 prta metalloprotease: a third metalloprotease secreted via a c-terminal secretion signal. | erwinia chrysanthemi, a phytopathogenic enterobacterium, secretes three proteases (prta, prtb and prtc) into the extracellular medium. the gene encoding the 50 kda protease, prta, was subcloned from a recombinant cosmid carrying a fragment of the e. chrysanthemi b374 chromosome. prta was shown to be located immediately 3' to the structural genes for the other two extracellular proteases. the amino acid sequence of prta, as predicted from the prta nucleotide sequence, showed a high level of homol ... | 1992 | 1494344 |
| synthesis and secretion of an erwinia chrysanthemi pectate lyase in saccharomyces cerevisiae regulated by different combinations of bacterial and yeast promoter and signal sequences. | nine different expression-secretion cassettes, comprising novel combinations of yeast and bacterial gene promoters and secretion signal sequences, were constructed and evaluated. a pectate lyase-encoding gene (pele) from erwinia chrysanthemi was inserted between each one of these expression-secretion cassettes and a yeast gene terminator, generating recombinant yeast-integrating shuttle plasmids pams1 through pams9. these yip5-derived plasmids were transformed and stably integrated into the geno ... | 1992 | 1427097 |
| [a circular genetic map of chromosomes from erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica 3-2]. | a circular genetic map of the bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica 3-2 was constructed on the basis of the r471a plasmid and tn5 and tn9 using hfr-like donors. forty-six genes, including phytopathogenicity genes, were located on the basis of interrupted mating experiment results and analysis of coinheritance of markers on a map of 183 min in length. the similarity and differences of chromosomal genetic maps of erwinia genus bacteria are discussed. | 1995 | 7590213 |
| analysis of the regulation of the pelbc genes in erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. | erwinia chrysanthemi secretes five major isoenzymes of pectate lyases encoded by the pelabcde genes. the nucleotide sequence of the region surrounding the pelb gene of e. chrysanthemi 3937 was determined, including the regulatory regions involved in pelb and pelc expression. analysis of the transcripts showed that transcription of pelb or pelc gave, in both cases, only one transcript. the transcription initiation sites of both pelb and pelc were precisely determined as well as the position of th ... | 1992 | 1406275 |
| iron(iii) complexes of chrysobactin, the siderophore of erwinia chrysanthemi. | the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi produces the monocatecholate siderophore chrysobactin under conditions of iron deprivation. only the catecholate hydroxyl groups participate in metal coordination, and chrysobactin is therefore unable to provide full 1:1 coordination of fe(iii). the stoichiometry in aqueous solution is a variable dependent on ph and metal/ligand ratio, in addition to being concentration dependent. at neutral ph and concentrations of about 0.1 mm, ferric chrysoba ... | 1992 | 1392469 |
| rapid large-scale preparation of recombinant erwinia chrysanthemi l-asparaginase. | l-asparaginase from erwinia provides an alternative to the enzyme from e. coli for the effective treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. a procedure was required for the large-scale partial purification of the recombinant erwinia enzyme cloned and expressed in erwinia. enzyme was extracted from erwinia at high ph and extraneous protein precipitated at low ph. s-sepharose ff was selected as the medium of choice for the chromatography step since it was adequate for the high flow rates required ... | 1992 | 1368993 |
| analysis of the pele promoter in erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | the pele gene of erwinia chrysanthemi strain ec16 encodes an extracellular pectate lyase protein that is important in virulence on plants. control of pele expression is complex, because the gene is regulated by catabolite repression, substrate induction, and growth-phase inhibition. a tn7-lux reporter gene system was employed to define dna sequences comprising the pele promoter. when ec16 cells were grown on medium containing sodium polypectate, pele transcriptional start sites were observed onl ... | 1992 | 1319773 |
| construction of a recombinant bacterial human cd4 expression system producing a bioactive cd4 molecule. | the cd4 protein expressed on helper t lymphocytes is a restriction element for major histocompatibility class ii immune responses. this molecule is also used by the human immunodeficiency virus as its specific cellular receptor facilitating binding of virus to cells. as soluble forms of cd4 inhibit hiv infection in tissue culture, attention has focused on this molecule. bacterially produced cd4 would facilitate studies of the biology of the cd4 molecule. however, bacterially expressed cd4 must b ... | 1992 | 1319711 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gyra gene from the plant pathogen erwinia carotovora. | the gyra gene of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora has been cloned and sequenced. the deduced protein possessed 86% identity with the escherichia coli gyra protein. e. carotovora gyra was also shown to complement an e. coli gyra43ts mutation. | 1995 | 7642123 |
| inactivation of rsma leads to overproduction of extracellular pectinases, cellulases, and proteases in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in the absence of the starvation/cell density-sensing signal, n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone. | the soft-rotting bacterium, erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71, produces extracellular enzymes such as pectate lyase isozymes (pels), cellulase (cel), polygalacturonase (peh), and protease (prt). while the extracellular levels of these enzymes are extremely low when the bacterium is grown in salts-yeast extract-glycerol (syg) medium, the enzymatic activities are highly induced in syg medium supplemented with celery extract. by transposon (mini-tn5) mutagenesis, we isolated a rsma- mutant, a ... | 1995 | 7646031 |
| characterization of a pathogen-induced potato catalase and its systemic expression upon nematode and bacterial infection. | we have isolated a cdna encoding a catalase (cat2st) by differential screening of a cdna library constructed from potato roots infected with the cyst nematode globodera pallida. expression analysis confirmed the local induction of cat2st and showed that it was highest at the adult stage of the parasite. it also revealed that cat2st was induced in uninfected roots, stems, and leaves of infected plants. localized and systemic induction of cat2st was also observed upon root-knot nematode (meloidogy ... | 1995 | 7655060 |
| identification of a global repressor gene, rsma, of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora that controls extracellular enzymes, n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone, and pathogenicity in soft-rotting erwinia spp. | the production of extracellular enzymes such as pectate lyase (pel), polygalacturonase (peh), cellulase (cel), and protease (prt) is activated by the cell density (quorum)-sensing signal, n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (hsl); plant signals; and aep genes during postexponential growth of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71. studies with mutants of e. carotovora subsp. carotovora 71 derepressed in exoenzyme production led to the identification of a negative regulator gene, rsma (rsm, r ... | 1995 | 7665490 |
| tnblam: a transposon for directly tagging bacterial genes encoding cell envelope and secreted proteins. | a transposon, tnblam, designed for the direct selection of bacterial mutants with insertions in genes encoding cell envelope and secreted proteins, was constructed and subcloned into plasmid and bacteriophage lambda delivery vectors. tnblam is a spectinomycin-resistant derivative of tn5 with an unexpressed open reading frame encoding mature beta-lactamase (blam) at its left end. therefore, when it inserts into genes in the correct orientation and reading frame, gene fusions encoding hybrid prote ... | 1992 | 1312501 |
| carbapenem antibiotic production in erwinia carotovora is regulated by carr, a homologue of the luxr transcriptional activator. | strain gs101 of erwinia carotovora makes the carbapenem antibiotic, 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid. mutants defective in antibiotic production can be assigned to two groups, group 1 and group 2. group 2 mutants are defective in the carl gene encoding a protein responsible for synthesis of the lux autoinducer n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (ohhl), which is required to induce carbapenem synthesis in strain gs101. in this paper we describe the molecular genetic analysis of the group 1 mu ... | 1995 | 7711893 |
| nucleotide sequence, organization and expression of rdga and rdgb genes that regulate pectin lyase production in the plant pathogenic bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in response to dna-damaging agents. | in most soft-rotting erwinia spp., including e. carotovora subsp. carotovora strain 71 (ecc71), production of the plant cell wall degrading enzyme pectin lyase (pnl) is activated by dna-damaging agents such as mitomycin c (mc). induction of pnl production in ecc71 requires a functional reca gene and the rdg locus. dna sequencing and rna analyses revealed that the rdg locus contains two regulatory genes, rdga and rdgb, in separate transcriptional units. there is high homology between rdga and rep ... | 1994 | 7715460 |
| structure and regulation of the erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora scc3193 cellulase gene celv1 and the role of cellulase in phytopathogenicity. | the celv1 gene encoding a secreted cellulase (celv1) of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora scc3193 was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. the gene contains an open reading frame of 1511 bp and codes for an exported protein of 504 amino acids. the predicted amino acid sequence of celv1 was highly similar to that of celv of another e. c. subsp. carotovora strain scr1193 but completely different from the previously characterized cellulase, cels, of the strain scc3193. gene fusions to ... | 1995 | 7715600 |
| a fourth metalloprotease gene in erwinia chrysanthemi. | erwinia chrysanthemi, a gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium, was previously shown to secrete 3 related extracellular metalloproteases, a, b and c via a specific signal-peptide-independent pathway. a new gene (prtg) encoding a fourth, 52-kda metalloprotease was identified on the same recombinant cosmid (pew1) that carries the genes for the previously described proteases (prta, prtb and prtc), for the specific secretion factors (prtd, prte and prtf) and for a protease inhibitor (inh) cloned fr ... | 1992 | 1299839 |
| [expression of pectate lyase genes of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 17a and erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica 36a in erwinia carotovor substp. atroseptica 36a cells]. | e.atroseptica 36a cells were transformed by the recombinant plasmids p27-1 and pea364 (derivatives of the vector plasmid puc19) containing pectate lyase genes of e.carotovora 17a and e.atroseptica 36a, respectively. the synthesis of pectate lyases determined by the cloned genes of bacteria of both subspecies, as well as the synthesis of the native enzymes, were induced by sodium poly pectate. increase of the dose of pectate lyase genes did not result in alteration of pectate lyase secretion by e ... | 1994 | 7739592 |
| [temperate sm phage from pseudomonas aeruginosa as a vector for cloning genetic information]. | the recombinant bacteriophages with the genomes containing the dna fragments of bacteria erwinia chrysanthemi, including the pectatelyase gene, were constructed on the base of pseudomonas aeruginosa temperate bacteriophage sm. the gene transferred into pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 cells by transfection is expressed in the new bacterial host. the restriction maps of the recombinant bacteriophages are constructed and the position of an insert is defined. bacteriophage sm was found to be capable of ... | 1991 | 1787841 |
| characterization of a polygalacturonase gene of aspergillus niger rh5344. | we have cloned a gene encoding a polygalacturonase (pg) in the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger rh5344. the structural gene comprises 1141 bp coding for 362 amino acids and the open reading frame is disrupted by one intron of 52 bp. eukaryotic consensus sequences for transcription regulation are found only in deviated forms. the biological functionality of the isolated pg gene was established by retransformation in a. niger and aspergillus awamori. in addition, we have found that the pg prot ... | 1991 | 1787790 |
| genetic analysis of the erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 chrysobactin iron-transport system: characterization of a gene cluster involved in uptake and biosynthetic pathways. | twenty of the twenty-two mudii1734 insertions impairing the chrysobactin iron-assimilation system of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 were localized to a 50 kbp genomic insert contained in the r-prime plasmid, r'4 (enard et al., 1988). using the conjugative plasmid pulb110 (rp4::mini-mu) and the generalized transducing phage phi ec2, we located this iron-transport region and the two unlinked mutations on the chromosome linkage map. chrysobactin is a catechol-type siderophore and, as we have previously ... | 1991 | 1787788 |
| characterization of a novel pectate lyase from erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. | the pectate lyase (pel, ec 4.2.2.2) isoenzyme profile of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora was characterized by isoelectric focusing, and the corresponding genes coding for four different exported pels were cloned. the nucleotide sequence of the pelb gene encoding one of these isoenzymes was determined and was shown to contain 1,040-bp open reading frame coding for a 37,482-da protein with a putative cleavable amino terminal signal peptide. overexpression and selective labeling experiments wi ... | 1995 | 7756691 |
| structure-based multiple alignment of extracellular pectate lyase sequences. | pectate lyases are secreted virulence factors which degrade the pectate component of plant cell walls. the evolutionary-based multiple alignment of extracellular pectate lyases has been corrected using three-dimensional structural information derived from erwinia chyrsanthemi pectate lyases c and e. the new multiple alignment reveals invariant amino acids likely to be involved in two different enzymatic functions. | 1995 | 7756698 |
| small molecule mediated autoinduction of antibiotic biosynthesis in the plant pathogen erwinia carotovora. | | 1995 | 7758689 |
| some implications of structural collapse during freeze-drying using erwinia caratovora l-asparaginase as a model. | when the enzyme erwinia caratovora l-asparaginase was freeze-dried in mixtures of lactose and sodium chloride, biological activity and protein structure were preserved during drying. however, by altering the ratios of the excipients in the formulation it was possible to obtain products which were pharmaceutically acceptable or unacceptable as assessed by the criteria of dried cake appearance, moisture content or ease of reconstitution. | 1993 | 7763938 |
| analysis of promoter region of the pectin lyase gene from erwinia carotovora er. | a pectin lyase defective mutant was constructed from erwinia carotovora er by transposon tn5 insertion mutagenesis to analyze the promoter region of the pnl gene, which had been cloned. the promoter of pnl is between -140 and -74 upstream of the structural gene of pnl and appears not to be regulated by lex a. | 1994 | 7764549 |
| nucleotide sequence of a pectate lyase structural gene, pel1 of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain 71 and structural relationship of pel1 with other pel genes of erwinia species. | of the various exoproteins secreted by erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain 71, pel1 is the major pectate lyase species with tissue macerating activity. nucleotide sequencing of a 2.2-kb pel1+ dna segment revealed a 1,122 base pair open reading frame which could encode pre-pel1 of 374 amino acid residues. a signal peptide of 22 amino acid residues is present within the nh2-terminal region of pre-pel1. transcription of pel1 was initiated at the guanine residue 111 base pairs upstream of th ... | 1995 | 7772808 |
| flavohaemoglobin hmpx: a new pathogenicity determinant in erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937. | unlike wild-type erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937, which fully macerates inoculated saintpaulia plants, hmpx- mutants produce necrotic lesions or no symptoms. the hmpx gene was sequenced and the corresponding protein sequence analysed. we show that hmpx belongs to a family of flavohaemoproteins (hmp), previously identified in two yeasts and in escherichia coli. comparisons of protein sequences at the secondary structure level by hydrophobic cluster analysis have shown that hmpx possesses two fun ... | 1995 | 7773389 |
| conjugational transfer of recombinant dna in cultures and in soils: host range of pseudomonas putida tol plasmids. | recombinant tol plasmid pwwo-eb62 allows pseudomonas putida to grow on p-ethylbenzoate. this plasmid can be transferred to other microorganisms, and its catabolic functions for the metabolism of alkylbenzoates are expressed in a limited number of gram-negative bacteria, including members of pseudomonad rrna group i and escherichia coli. transfer of the recombinant plasmid to erwinia chrysanthemi was observed, but transconjugants failed to grow on alkylbenzoates because they lost catabolic functi ... | 1991 | 1660698 |
| the virulence-associated chrysobactin iron uptake system of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 involves an operon encoding transport and biosynthetic functions. | the iron assimilation system of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 is mediated by the catechol-type siderophore chrysobactin and the outer membrane transport protein fct. we generated a variety of subclones in high- and low-copy-number vectors from a wild-type recombinant cosmid shown previously to carry the gene cluster fct-cbsa, cbsb, cbsc, cbse encoding chrysobactin transport and biosynthetic functions, respectively. we studied their expression in escherichia coli enterobactin-deficient enta, entb, en ... | 1991 | 1657869 |
| characterization, localization and transmembrane organization of the three proteins prtd, prte and prtf necessary for protease secretion by the gram-negative bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi. | erwinia chrysanthemi, a gram-negative phythopathogenic bacterium, secretes two related extracellular metalloproteases, b and c, which do not have n-terminal signal sequences. the specific pathway by which they are secreted, which has been reconstituted in escherichia coli, comprises three proteins -- prtd, prte and prtf. hybrid proteins containing segments of these proteins fused to the c-terminus of protease b were purified and used to immunize rabbits. the antisera thus obtained were used to s ... | 1991 | 1791757 |
| cloning and characterization of the bgxa gene from erwinia chrysanthemi d1 which encodes a beta-glucosidase/xylosidase enzyme. | a beta-glucosidase/xylosidase gene from erwinia chrysanthemi strain d1 was cloned and sequenced. this gene, named bgxa, encodes a ca. 71 kda protein product which, following removal of the leader peptide, resulted in a ca. 69 kda mature protein that accumulated in the periplasmic space of e. chrysanthemi strain d1 and escherichia coli cells expressing the cloned gene. the protein exhibited both beta-glucosidase and beta-xylosidase activities but gave no detectable activity on xylan or carboxymet ... | 1995 | 7891660 |
| negligible hemostatic toxicity of intermediate-dose erwinase in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: preliminary data. | the hemostatic toxicity of low dose l-asparaginase from erwinia carotovora (erwinase) has been reported to be negligible in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all); conversely, no consistent data have been obtained when erwinase is administered at intermediate doses. we report preliminary clinical and laboratory hemostatic data from 10 adult patients with all treated during induction phase with intermediate doses of erwinase (20,000 iu/m2s.c. every other day, for a total of six ad ... | 1994 | 7896215 |
| pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism of a pel gene as a tool to identify erwinia carotovora in relation to potato diseases. | using a sequenced pectate lyase-encoding gene (pel gene), we developed a pcr test for erwinia carotovora. a set of primers allowed the amplification of a 434-bp fragment in e. carotovora strains. among the 89 e. carotovora strains tested, only the erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum strains were not detected. a restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) study was undertaken on the amplified fragment with seven endonucleases. the sau3ai digestion pattern specifically identified the erwi ... | 1994 | 7912502 |
| characterization of kdgr, a gene of erwinia chrysanthemi that regulates pectin degradation. | erwinia chrysanthemi is a phytopathogenic enterobacterium able to degrade the pectic fraction of plant cell walls. the kdgr negative regulatory gene controls all the genes involved in pectin catabolism, including the pel genes encoding pectate lyases. the e. chrysanthemi kdgr regulatory gene was subcloned in escherichia coli where it was shown to be functional, since it repressed the expression of a pele::uida fusion. the nucleotide sequence of kdgr contained an open reading frame of 918bp prece ... | 1991 | 1840643 |
| regulation of the production of extracellular pectinase, cellulase, and protease in the soft rot bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora: evidence that aeph of e. carotovora subsp. carotovora 71 activates gene expression in e. carotovora subsp. carotovora, e. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, and escherichia coli. | the production of pectolytic enzymes (pectate lyase [pel] and polygalacturonase [peh]), cellulase (cel), and protease (prt) is activated in the soft rot bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora by aepa (activator of extracellular protein production) and celery extract (y. liu, h. murata, a. chatterjee, and a. k. chatterjee, mol. plant-microbe interact. 6:299-308, 1993). we recently isolated a new class of mutants of strain e. carotovora subsp. carotovora 71 which overproduces pel, peh, cel ... | 1994 | 7944360 |
| differential activation of potato 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase genes by wounding and pathogen challenge. | potato genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmgr) were expressed in response to pathogen, elicitor, and wounding. hmgr catalyzes the rate-limiting step in isoprenoid biosynthesis leading to accumulation of phytoalexins and steroid glycoalkaloids. wounding caused increases in hmgr mrna levels. a rapid and transient peak occurred 30 minutes after wounding, followed by a slower peak at 14 hours; both were correlated with increased enzyme activity. induction of hmgr mrna b ... | 1991 | 1840919 |
| erwinia chrysanthemi hrp genes and their involvement in soft rot pathogenesis and elicitation of the hypersensitive response. | unlike the bacterial pathogens that typically cause the hypersensitive response (hr) in plants, erwinia chrysanthemi has a wide host range, rapidly kills and macerates host tissues, and secretes several isozymes of the macerating enzyme pectate lyase (pel). pelabce- and out- (secretion-deficient) mutants were observed to produce a rapid necrosis in tobacco leaves that was indistinguishable from the hr elicited by the narrow-host-range pathogens e. amylovora ea321 and pseudomonas syringae pv. syr ... | 1994 | 7949326 |
| sequence analysis of the cellulase-encoding cely gene of erwinia chrysanthemi: a possible case of interspecies gene transfer. | the erwinia chrysanthemi (strain 3937) cely gene encoding the minor endoglucanase (egy) was sequenced. the analysis of the upstream region allowed us to identify an in vivo active promoter recognized by the ntra (sigma 54) holoenzyme. no similarity was found between the predicted amino acid (aa) sequences of egy and either the er. chrysanthemi major endoglucanase, egz, or the er. carotovora cels endoglucanase. in contrast, a very high level of identity, both at the nucleotide and the predicted a ... | 1991 | 1937031 |
| [salmonella-shigella-agar, a simple medium for isolation of pectobacterium carotovorum var. atrosepticum (van hall) dowson in comparison with other special substrates]. | | 1972 | 4562782 |
| [the resistance against drying of pectobacterium carotovorum var. atrosepticum (van hall) dowson (causative agent of tuber rot and blackening of potatoes)]. | | 1970 | 4926639 |
| thin film formation by rough form lipopolysaccharide and interaction with cationic antibiotic polymyxin b. | a monolayer film of the rough form of lipopolysaccharide (lps) from erwinia carotovora at an air-water interface was transferred onto solid substrates to form a multilayer film. the lps was deposited on hydrophobic graphite as well as on hydrophilic platinum plates. the thickness of the lps film prepared by a single dipping and removal of the graphite was estimated at 2.7 nm by atomic force microscopy. the repeated dipping of the platinum plate indicated early saturation with reduced subsequent ... | 1994 | 8041294 |
| beta-lactamase topology probe analysis of the outo nmephe peptidase, and six other out protein components of the erwinia carotovora general secretion pathway apparatus. | the out gene cluster of erwinia spp. encodes the proteins of the general secretory pathway (gsp) apparatus that is required for pectinase and cellulase secretion. we have used fusions between erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) out genes and the topology probe blam to assess the ability of out protein regions to export blam across the cytoplasmic membrane in escherichia coli and ecc. for the outo gene product (an nmephe peptidase), seven transmembrane regions have been identified and one ... | 1994 | 8065262 |
| nucleotide sequence and expression of a novel pectate lyase gene (pel-3) and a closely linked endopolygalacturonase gene (peh-1) of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71. | our previous genetic analysis (j. w. willis, j. k. engwall, and a. k. chatterjee, phytopathology 77:1199-1205, 1987) had revealed a tight linkage between pel-3 (pel, pectate lyase gene) and peh-1 (peh, polygalacturonase gene) within the chromosome of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71. nucleotide sequencing, transcript assays, and expression of enzymatic activities in escherichia coli have now confirmed that a 3,500-bp segment contains the open reading frames (orfs) for pel-3 and peh-1. the ... | 1994 | 8074530 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of opportunistic bacteria isolated from patients]. | sensitivity of 147 enterobacteria strains isolated from feces of various patients was determined with the method of serial dilutions on solid nutrient media. 8 antibiotics were tested. by genera (species) the microorganisms were arranged in the following order: e. coli (65 strains), citrobacter (33 strains), e. cloacae (15 strains), serratia liquefaciens (9 strains), hafnia (6 strains), klebsiella (4 strains), pectobacterium (3 strains), non-identified organisms (13 strains). the majority of the ... | 1982 | 7137975 |
| differential effect of dsba and dsbc mutations on extracellular enzyme secretion in erwinia chrysanthemi. | an erwinia chrysanthemi gene able to complement an escherichia coli dsba mutation has been cloned and sequenced. this gene codes for a periplasmic protein with disulphide isomerase activity that has 69% identity and 94% similarity with the e. coli dsba protein. an e. chrysanthemi dsba-uida fusion mutant has been constructed. dsba expression seems to be constitutive. this mutant has multiple phenotypes resulting from the absence of disulphide bond formation in periplasmic and secreted proteins. p ... | 1995 | 7476168 |
| purification and characterization of an extracellular pectate lyase from an amycolata sp. | the extracellular pectate lyase (ec 4.2.2.2) of a nonsporulating amycolata sp. was purified to homogeneity by anion- and cation-exchange chromatographies followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the enzyme cleaved polygalacturonate but not highly esterified pectin in a random endolytic transeliminative mechanism that led to the formation of a wide range of 4,5-unsaturated oligogalacturonates. as shown by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection, ... | 1995 | 7486993 |
| diabetes mellitus and pancreatitis as a complication of l-asparaginase therapy. | | 1993 | 8132268 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies against erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica serogroup i: specificity and epitope analysis. | the characteristics of two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), a23/1221.59.44.d.3 (1221) and a23/1239.36.64.e.2 (1239), against erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica serogroup i produced in this study were compared with those of two other independently obtained mabs, 4g4 in spain and 4f6 in canada, using different strains as immunogen and different screening procedures. the reaction pattern of mabs 1221 and 1239 determined by indirect elisa on over 200 bacterial strains including five e.c. atroseptica ... | 1995 | 7538107 |
| the effect of hetastarch on the stability of l-asparaginase during freeze-thaw cycling. | l-asparaginase, a therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, was evaluated for its susceptibility to cold denaturation. it was found that the enzyme derived from erwinia chrysanthemi loses its activity when exposed to freeze-thaw cycling. when it was frozen at -40 degrees c and thawed, the enzyme lost 67.3% of its activity; whereas, when frozen in liquid nitrogen (-190 degrees c), it lost almost all of its activity. rheological studies of hetastarch showed that its visc ... | 1995 | 7542144 |
| [mapping chromosomes of erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica 3-2]. | two hfr-like donor strains of bacteria erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (eca) 3-2 were developed by integration into the chromosome of the conjugative plasmid r471a via homology with transposon tn9. using these and two donor strains created earlier, we constructed the genetic map of a fragment of the chromosome of strain eca 3-2. the location of 14 loci is shown in this map. | 1995 | 7590201 |
| purification and characterization of the nuclease nucm of erwinia chrysanthemi. | the major periplasmic nuclease of erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937, nucm, has been purified near to homogeneity by a one step purification procedure, using chromatography on a sulfopropyl column. nucm cleaves randomly single and double-stranded dna and rna. it does not need divalent cations for its action, and is more active in low salt buffers. a serine and a histidine residue could be present in the catalytic site. formation of disulfide bonds is necessary for nucm activity. nucm is probably s ... | 1995 | 7599187 |
| the gene (arok) encoding shikimate kinase i from escherichia coli. | shikimate kinase i (ski), encoded by the arok gene, converts shikimate to shikimate 3-phosphate, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids. this paper provides evidence that the e. coli arok reading frame is in a different place to that reported previously and presents a predicted ski sequence of 173 residues and a molecular mass of 19.5 kda. the translational start point of arok is some 84 bp downstream of the site proposed earlier and the reading frame ends 169 bp beyond ... | 1995 | 7612934 |
| overproduction, purification and characterization of the cellulose-binding domain of the erwinia chrysanthemi secreted endoglucanase egz. | egz is the major endoglucanase secreted by erwinia chrysanthemi. functional characterization indicates that it is made of a catalytic n-terminal domain linked to a c-terminal cellulose-binding domain (cbd) by a ser/thr-rich linker. a chimeric plasmid, in which the cbd-encoding region was fused downstream of the ompa signal sequence, was constructed and introduced into escherichia coli. this allowed for the production of processed and disulfide-bonded cbd, mostly recovered from the culture supern ... | 1995 | 7628464 |
| a rapid one-tube genomic dna extraction process for pcr and rapd analyses. | | 1995 | 7630740 |
| fermentative production and isolation of l-asparaginase from erwinia carotovora, ec-113. | l-asparaginase, an enzyme-drug used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was isolated from erwinia carotovora. the effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the fermentative production of the enzyme were studied. lactose, monosodium glutamate, corn steep liquor, tryptone and yeast extract showed significant stimulation of the production. when l-asparagine (0.2%), a substrate of the enzyme was added to a fermentation medium, a mutant strain ec-113 exhibited 6 times higher p ... | 1993 | 8181956 |
| use of tn5tac1 to clone a pel gene encoding a highly alkaline, asparagine-rich pectate lyase isozyme from an erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 mutant with deletions affecting the major pectate lyase isozymes. | erwinia chrysanthemi mutant cucpb5047, delta(pela pele) delta(pelb pelc)::28bp delta(pelx) delta 4bp pehx::omega cmr, was constructed, mutated with tn5tac1, and screened for isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside-dependent pectate lyase (pel) production. a kmr saci fragment from the hyperexpressing pel+ mutant cucpb5066 was cloned into escherichia coli and sequenced. the gene identified, pell, encodes a novel, asparagine-rich, highly alkaline enzyme that is similar in primary structure to pelx a ... | 1995 | 7635842 |
| extracellular polysaccharide of erwinia chrysanthemi. | | 1995 | 7697648 |
| extracellular polysaccharide of erwinia chrysanthemi ech6. | many strains of erwinia chrysanthemi, which are gram-negative bacterial phytopathogens, produce copious amounts of extracellular polysaccharides. the extracellular polysaccharide from e. chrysanthemi pv. zeae strain sr 260, a phytopathogen of corn, is a branched-chain glucomannorhamnan of proven structure (gray et al., carbohydr. res. 1993, 245, 271-287). the extracellular polysaccharide from e. chrysanthemi ech6 is different, containing no rhamnose or mannose. it is composed of l-fucose, d-gala ... | 1994 | 7727344 |
| on a (beta-) roll. | | 1993 | 8236448 |
| molecular analysis of the major cellulase (celv) of erwinia carotovora: evidence for an evolutionary "mix-and-match" of enzyme domains. | the structural gene for the major cellulase of erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora (ecc) was isolated and expressed in escherichia coli. sequencing of the gene (celv) revealed a typical signal sequence and two functional domains in the enzyme; a catalytic domain linked by a short proline/threonine-rich linker to a cellulose-binding domain (cbd). the deduced amino acid sequence of the catalytic domain showed homology with cellulases of family a, including enzymes from bacillus spp. and erwin ... | 1993 | 8246888 |
| identification of the integration host factor genes of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. | two erwinia chrysanthemi homologues of the hima and himd genes of escherichia coli which encode the integration host factor (ihf) were cloned, sequenced and compared to their homolog in other enterobacteria (embl accession nos x74749 and x74750). both genes were inactivated by the insertion of an antibiotic resistance cassette, allowing for the isolation of ihf- mutants of e chrysanthemi. | 1994 | 7748927 |
| characterization of a novel regulatory gene aepa that controls extracellular enzyme production in the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. | erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain ecc71 produces an array of extracellular enzymes including pectate lyase (pel), polygalacturonase, cellulase, and protease. in strain ecc71, these enzymes are coregulated by aepa, which encodes an activator of extracellular protein production (h. murata, j. l. mcevoy, a. chatterjee, a. collmer, and a. k. chatterjee, mol. plant-microbe interact, 4:239-246, 1991). the nucleotide sequence of a 2.7-kb aepa+ dna segment revealed an open reading frame (orf) ... | 1993 | 8324248 |
| crystal structure of a complex between serratia marcescens metallo-protease and an inhibitor from erwinia chrysanthemi. | the crystal structure of the complex between the 50 kda metallo-endoproteinase from serratia marcescens (smp), a member of the metzincin superfamily, and an inhibitor from erwinia chrysanthemi (inh) was solved by molecular replacement using the known structure of smp, and refined at 2.30 a resolution to a crystallographic r-factor of 0.195. the e. chrysanthemi inhibitor folds into a compact eight-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel of simple up-down topology such as is found for members of the ret ... | 1995 | 7752231 |
| protein secretion by hybrid bacterial abc-transporters: specific functions of the membrane atpase and the membrane fusion protein. | the erwinia chrysanthemi metalloprotease c and the serratia marcescens haem acquisition protein hasa are both secreted from gram-negative bacteria by a signal peptide-independent pathway which requires a c-terminal secretion signal and a specific abc-transporter made up of three proteins: a membrane atpase (the abc-protein), a second inner membrane component belonging to the membrane fusion protein family and an outer membrane polypeptide. hasa and protease c transporters are homologous although ... | 1995 | 7774588 |
| informational suppression to investigate structural functional and evolutionary aspects of the erwinia chrysanthemi cellulase egz. | the cellulase egz produced by the plant pathogen erwinia chrysanthemi belongs to family 5 of the beta-glycohydrolases (also referred to as cellulase family a), which contains over 40 members from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and fungi. amber mutations were introduced into 16 codons of the celz gene encoding egz. targeted residues included: (1) two glu, two his and one arg residue, strictly conserved throughout family 5; (2) one arg and one his residue conserved in sub-family 5-2; and ... | 1995 | 7853408 |
| structure of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by erwinia chrysanthemi. | erwinia chrysanthemi pv zeae strain sr260, a phytopathogen of corn, produced from lactose an acidic extracellular polysaccharide which was purified and found to consist of l-rhamnose, d-mannose, d-glucose, and d-glucuronic acid in the ratio of 3:1:1:1. a combination of chemical (carboxyl-group reduction, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, smith degradation, and lithium-ethylenediamine degradation) and physical (1 and 2d nmr spectroscopy) methods revealed that the polysaccharide is compos ... | 1993 | 8370026 |
| characterization and overexpression of the pem gene encoding pectin methylesterase of erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937. | the pem gene encoding the pectin methylesterase (pme) of erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937 was subcloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. the gene contains an open reading frame of 1098 bp and codes for a protein of 366 amino acids (aa). the mature 37-kda form of the protein is 342 aa long and has a calculated isoelectric point of 9.64. a plasmid was constructed to overproduce pme: a dna fragment carrying pem was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and cloned downstream from the pl ... | 1993 | 8370537 |
| [expression of pel genes of erwinia chrysanthemi ena49 in erwinia carotovora var. atroseptica 36a cells]. | erwinia atroseptica 36a cells were transformed by the recombinant plasmid ppl5-1 (a derivative of the vector plasmid puc19) containing pelb and pelc genes which encode pectate lyases of erwinia chrysanthemi ena49. synthesis of pectate lyases plb and plc determined by the cloned pel genes is constitutive in erwinia atroseptica 36appl5-1 cells and not inducible by sodium polypectate. the major part of these enzymes was accumulated in the periplasmic fraction of erwinia atroseptica and cells were u ... | 1993 | 8371722 |