| preliminary survey on susceptibility of "pediculus humanus corporis" to insecticides in teheran, iran. | | 1976 | 71954 |
| the human body louse egg--correlative study of anatomy by sem and light microscopy. | sem and correlative light microscopy of the developing egg of the human body louse reveals a complicated aeropyle system within the operculum important for gaseous exchange. with sem the opened nit shows three new structures: one, latch-like; a second, ellipsoid with spikes; and a third, pad-like with two parallel rows of pores. they are part of the surface membranes covering the developing embryo. the relationship of the pad-like structure to the ellipsoid structure with spikes is seen by tilti ... | 1979 | 574984 |
| adaptations of membrane feeding techniques for feeding the squirrel flea, orchopeas howardi, and the squirrel louse, neohaematopinus sciuropteri, with notes on the feeding of the human body louse, pediculus humanus var. corporis. | | 1978 | 633302 |
| modification of antityphus antibodies on passage through the gut of the human body louse with discussion of some epidemiologic and evolutionary implications. | evidence is presented to indicate that proteolytic and perhaps other enzymes of the louse midgut, essential to the nutrition of the louse, perform molecular dissection on the antirickettsial antibodies present in the blood of a typhus-immune host that selectively destroys, along with other functions, the portion of the antibody that determines the only known function by which antirickettsial antibodies may operate in host defense mechanisms, namely, opsonization of rickettsiae for enhanced inges ... | 1975 | 829475 |
| resistance of human body lice to malathion in ethiopia. | | 1976 | 841662 |
| [biology of pediculus humanus humanus (linn.) of weigl strain]. | | 1977 | 898976 |
| the effect of erythromycin on the growth of rickettsia prowazekii in the body louse (pediculus humanus corporis l) and the tick (ornithodoros moubata murray). | body lice (pediculus humanus corporis l) and ticks (ornithodoros moubata) that had been infected with rickettsia prowazekii received varying doses of erythromycin. the anti-rickettsial activity of this drug was evaluated with regard to the determination of the numbers of surviving microorganism (lid100) and the in vivo concentration of erythromycin in both arthropod hosts. erythromycin was found to exert a rickettsiostatic effect in lice, whereas in ticks the drug at concentrations of 0.3--0.04 ... | 1976 | 1253630 |
| the efficacy of pediculicides in israel. | fourteen pediculicides currently available in israel were evaluated for their killing effect on the eggs, nymphs and adults from a laboratory-grown colony of body lice (pediculus humanus humanus). the efficacy of all pediculicides was determined after a single treatment. the exposure time of the lice to the preparations was according to the manufacturers' instructions. the shampoo formulations hafif (abic, israel), pyracide (fischer, israel), a-200 pyrinate (norcliff thayer, usa) and t-pal (fisc ... | 1991 | 1955310 |
| records of ectoparasites on humans and sheep from viking-age deposits in the former western settlement of greenland. | during recent archaeological excavations in viking greenland, specimens of the human flea, pulex irritans l., and the body louse, pediculus humanus humanus l., were recovered from several farmsteads. bovicola ovis (schrank) and the sheep ked, melophagus ovinus (l.), also were found in associated deposits. the specimens were dated from about ad 990 to ad 1350. these finds raise questions about the levels of hygiene of the viking farmers and open some interesting medical and biogeographical conund ... | 1990 | 2201769 |
| systemic activity of ivermectin on the human body louse (anoplura: pediculidae). | eighty-one to 100% of nymphs and females of the human body louse (pediculus humanus humanus) that fed artificially on blood containing 2.5-10 ng ivermectin/ml died. the mortality of nymphs and female lice fed on rabbits treated with 200 micrograms/kg ivermectin was very high during the first two to three days, then declined sharply, reaching the level of the controls on day six. nymphs were more sensitive than females. the average number of eggs laid by surviving females and the percentage that ... | 1990 | 2299658 |
| effectiveness of permethrin-treated military uniform fabric against human body lice. | military uniform fabric patches treated with permethrin were evaluated against natural and laboratory strains of human body lice, pediculus humanus, l. permethrin-treated fabric was toxic to body lice on contact and quickly affected feeding behavior and the likelihood of disease transmission, even when washed up to 20 times. the use of permethrin-treated clothing offers a new passive approach in human louse control not previously feasible. military personnel wearing permethrin-treated uniforms, ... | 1989 | 2494588 |
| [ultrastructural characteristics of the simple eyes of the louse pediculus humanus corporis]. | the simple eye of the human louse consists of two apparatuses: dioptric and light sensitive. the dioptric apparatus contains only a biconvex lens, which represents local thickening of the cuticle. the eye lacks the crystal cone (semper cells) and special pigment cells. the light sensitive part of the eye contains about 130 photoreceptor cells. each photoreceptor has rhabdomere which consists of numerous microvilli. the pigment granules are located only in the photoreceptor cells. | 1988 | 3174177 |
| [micromorphology of the malpighian tubules in the louse pediculus humanus corporis (anoplura)]. | the ultrastructure of the malpighian tubes in human louse pediculus humanus corporis has been studied. the cells of the malpighian tubules have the uniform structure: the apical surface is covered with microvilli, the basal plasmatic membrana forms relatively small invaginations. the microvilli are most developed in cells of the proximal department of the malpighian tubules. microvilli of the apical surface of the cells do not contain mitochondria which are localized mainly in supranuclear part ... | 1985 | 3986247 |
| [development of resistance to ddt and lindane in the louse, pediculus humanus humanus l]. | | 1972 | 4113661 |
| further notes on the susceptibility of body lice, pediculus humanus humanus to insecticides in egypt. | | 1971 | 4114427 |
| [differentiation of sensitivity of pediculus humanus humanus l. to chloroganic insecticides, in relation to physiological and environmental conditions. i. influence of p,p ddt and gamma hexachlorocyclohexane on sensitivity in pediculus humanus in relation to sex]. | | 1966 | 4161711 |
| [differentiation of the sensitivity of pediculus humanus humanus l. to organic chlorine insecticides with special regard to physiological and environmental conditions. ii. influence of physiological conditions (age, satiety) on the sensitivity of the cause on p,p'ddt and gamma-benzene hexachloride]. | | 1966 | 4161846 |
| [differentiation of sensitivity of pediculus humanus humanus l. to the organochlorine insecticides in relation to physiological and environmental conditions. 3. effects of environmental conditions (temperature, humidity) and density of population on the sensitivity of louse to p,p'-ddt and gamma hch]. | | 1966 | 4163717 |
| [influence of seasonal changes in sensitivity of lice pediculus humanus humanus l. to p,p'-ddt and gamma hch]. | | 1968 | 4173849 |
| mechanisms of immunity in typhus infections. iv. failure of chicken embryo cells in culture to restrict growth of antibody-sensitized rickettsia prowazeki. | rickettsia prowazeki, pretreated with typhus immune human serum, readily infects, and grows in, chicken embryo cells in culture. this finding is similar to those of previous studies which showed that typhus rickettsiae, pretreated with immune serum, grow in cells of the yolk sac of embryonated hen eggs and in the cells of the midgut of the human body louse. in contrast, identically treated typhus rickettsiae were destroyed by human macrophages in culture. collectively, these observations seem to ... | 1974 | 4206030 |
| effect of oxytetracycline on the growth curve of rickettsia prowazekii in the organism of the body louse (pediculus humanus corporis l.) and ornithodoros moubata tick (murray). | | 1974 | 4216445 |
| the effect of some antibiotics on rickettsia prowazeki and yersinia pseudotuberculosis in body louse pediculus humanus humanus l. | | 1972 | 4634101 |
| first report of resistance of human body lice to malathion. | | 1972 | 5048872 |
| [insecticidal properties of dilor against pediculus humanus corporis]. | | 1971 | 5107288 |
| lethal effects of synthetic juvenile hormone on the human body louse. | | 1967 | 5231610 |
| [pediculus humanus humanus (linné 1758) resistance to d. d. t. in various localities of the ecuadorian andes]. | | 1968 | 5712757 |
| pediculosis and the pediatrician. | head lice commonly evoke feelings of disgust, revulsion, anger, and shame among parents and patients. there should, however, be no great cause for such alarm if a physician suspects pediculosis capitis. the recent introduction of several new pediculicidal drugs now allows a choice among four distinct therapeutic agents, which should substantially improve control of isolated cases and epidemics. physicians must be aware that consumer groups are pressing public health authorities and drug manufact ... | 1984 | 6209693 |
| observation of symbiote migration in human body lice with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. | bacterial symbiotes in the human body louse pediculus humanus migrate from the mycetome to the lateral oviducts during the adult molt. their migration was first described by ries (e. ries. 1931. z. morphol. oekol. tiere, 20:233-367.), who examined sectioned specimens with light microscopy. the present study is a more detailed investigation which involves the use of scanning and transmission electron micrographs. the results of our studies confirm ries' observations. micrographs are presented of ... | 1983 | 6413046 |
| an attempt to infect human body lice, pediculus humanus var corporis on a mild case of murine typhus. | | 1984 | 6432477 |
| experimental infection of ectoparasitic arthropods with rickettsia prowazekii (gvf-16 strain) and transmission to flying squirrels. | epizootiologic studies conducted during the past few years showed the existence of widespread natural infection of the southern flying squirrel, glaucomys volans, with epidemic typhus rickettsiae, rickettsia prowazekii. the ecological findings strongly implicated transmission of the etiologic agent by an arthropod vector. studies were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to determine whether ectoparasites naturally associated with flying squirrels (squirrel fleas, lice, mites and tic ... | 1981 | 6782900 |
| [functional morphology of the midgut in satiated pediculus humanus corporis (anoplura) fleas]. | it has been shown that during feeding the midgut epithelium of the human louse pediculus humanus corporis consists of three types of cells: secretory, digestive, and reserve (regenerative) ones. according to the ultrastructural organization the secretory cells are subdivided into two regions--apical and basal. in the apical region of the secretory cells no microvilli are observed. the basal region contains mitochondria, ribosomes, rough endoplasmatic reticulum, microvesicular bodies and secretor ... | 1981 | 7322616 |
| insecticidal effect of precocene ii on the human body louse, pediculus humanus. | | 1980 | 7434434 |
| [phylogeny of lice (insecta: anoplura) of the old world monkey (catarrhina)]. | the genera pediculus and pthirus were studied cladistically, although the genus pedicinus was also taken into account. morphological characters from the literature, and some established through direct study were analyzed. using five methods of cladistic analysis, one most parsimonious tree with a c.i. = 0.84 and a length of 38 was obtained ((pedicinus)+(paenipediculus+(parapediculus+(pedicu lus humanus capitis+pediculus humanus humanus). a novelty of this study is the inclusion of the subgenus. | 1994 | 7501872 |
| the tuft organs of the human body louse, pediculus humanus corporis--cryofixation study of a thermo-/hygrosensitive sensillum. | the tuft organs of the human body louse, pediculus humanus corporis, display a complex cuticular apparatus without wall pores, consisting of the cuticular cone, cuticular pocket, and the sensillar peg with 5-6 tuft processes. the cuticular wall of the sensillar peg exhibits several layers of differing electron density tightly surrounding the dendrites. the sensillar peg is innervated by the unbranched dendrites of two receptor cells which do not reach into the tuft processes. a third receptor ce ... | 1994 | 8023326 |
| immunization of rabbits with a midgut extract of the human body louse pediculus humanus humanus: the effect of induced resistance on the louse population. | resistance to human body lice, pediculus humanus humanus l, induced by feeding on rabbits immunized with an extract of louse gut was studied. the mortality of lice fed on immunized rabbits was 73%, significantly higher than that of lice fed on control rabbits (52%) (p < 0.01). the proportion of dead nymphs and female lice with ruptured guts was significantly higher in lice fed on immunized rabbits (p < 0.01). the size of the bloodmeal was 35% greater in female lice fed on control rabbits than on ... | 1994 | 8025317 |
| the prevalence of ectoparasites in ethiopian immigrants. | newly arrived ethiopian immigrants in israel were screened for ectoparasitic insects and mites. of 304 individuals examined 65.1% were infested with the head louse (pediculus humanus capitis). the infestation rate among children varied between 65 and 100%. children aged 6-11 years were the most infested group and no differences between girls and boys were found. the infestation rate in children was significantly higher than that found in adults. approximately 39% of those examined were infested ... | 1993 | 8349453 |
| characterization of body louse midgut proteins recognized by resistant hosts. | the human body louse, pediculus humanus, showed eighteen midgut proteins ranging between 12 and 117 kda, when analysed by sds-page electrophoresis. seven of them (12 kda, 17 kda, 29 kda, 35 kda, 40 kda, 55 kda and 97 kda) were major bands based on their intensity of staining. the immunization of rabbits with a midgut extract elicited the production of protective polyclonal antibodies. these antibodies reacted strongly with all major midgut proteins as well as with 63 kda and 117 kda proteins whe ... | 1996 | 8834740 |
| immunogenic proteins in the body and faecal material of the human body louse, pediculus humanus, and their homology to antigens of other lice species. | | 1996 | 8834752 |
| localization of immunogenic antigens on midgut of the human body louse pediculus humanus humanus (anoplura: pediculidae). | immunogenic midgut antigens of the human body louse, pediculus humanus humanus l., were localized using rabbit antisera against a louse-midgut extract followed by a 2nd antibody conjugated to either fluorescein or colloidal gold. strong fluorescence was observed on the outer membrane of the epithelial cell of the midgut. the immunogold technique revealed that most of the antigens were localized on the microvilli of the midgut cells. small numbers of gold particles were also seen in the gut lumen ... | 1996 | 8906908 |
| [tests for evaluating the effectiveness of pediculicides: importance and limitations]. | the obligation to prove pediculicides efficacy is relatively recent. two tests are required by the authorities to obtain registration. in vitro test (with pediculus humanus humanus) is the first step to evaluate the efficacy of new molecules. it must be followed by bio-clinical tests (with infested children by pediculus humanus capitis). for those tests the authors advise to respect the "three units rule": unit of time (no more than 2 days for the test), unit of place (same environment) and unit ... | 1996 | 8991612 |
| toxins produced by arthropod parasites: salivary gland proteins of human body lice and venom proteins of chelonine wasps. | a review is presented of our ongoing research projects on the protein components of the saliva of human body lice and of the non-paralyzing venom of wasps in the subfamily cheloninae. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryamide gel electrophoretic analysis of lice salivary gland proteins showed a predominance of high and intermediate mol. wt proteins. immunoblotting with a low titer polyclonal antiserum to lice salivary proteins indicated that some, but not all, of the predominant high mol. wt salivary ... | 1996 | 9027999 |
| current knowledge of bartonella species. | bartonella species are now considered emerging pathogens. of the 11 currently recognized species, four have been implicated in human disease, although only two have been encountered in europe. bartonella quintana infections are now being diagnosed among the urban homeless and deprived, manifesting as trench fever, and bartonella henselae has been shown to be the causative agent of cat scratch disease. both species also cause a variety of hiv-associated infections, including bacillary anglomatosi ... | 1997 | 9272384 |
| immunization of rabbits with faecal extract of pediculus humanus, the human body louse: effects on louse development and reproduction. | immunization of rabbits with a faecal extract of the human body louse (pediculus humanus) induced a high titre of specific igg. the mean weight of blood taken by females fed on the immunized rabbits was significantly lower (29%) than taken by females fed on the control rabbits. the mean number of eggs per female fed on the immunized rabbits was significantly lower than for females fed on the control rabbits. the hatchability of the eggs laid by lice fed on immunized rabbits (91%) was significant ... | 1997 | 9430108 |
| the body louse as a vector of reemerging human diseases. | the body louse, pediculus humanus humanus, is a strict human parasite, living and multiplying in clothing. louse infestation is associated with cold weather and a lack of hygiene. three pathogenic bacteria are transmitted by the body louse. borrelia recurrentis is a spirochete, the agent of relapsing fever, recently cultured on axenic medium. historically, massive outbreaks have occurred in eurasia and africa, but currently the disease is found only in ethiopia and neighboring countries. bartone ... | 1999 | 10589908 |
| baseline susceptibility of a laboratory strain of pediculus humanus humanus (anoplura: pediculidae) using a modified world health organization testing protocol. | the world health organization (who) protocol for determining resistance in body lice, pediculus humanus humanus (l.), requires holding lice for long periods, which makes successful execution of the test difficult in field settings. the purpose of this study was to modify the who test procedure to make the holding period of lice shorter and the handling of lice easier. susceptible lice from a laboratory colony were placed in a petri dish containing a paper that had been treated with an insecticid ... | 1999 | 10593101 |
| a century of typhus, lice and rickettsia. | at the beginning of the 20th century, it was discovered at the pasteur institute in tunis that epidemic typhus is transmitted by the human body louse. the complete genome sequence of its causative agent, rickettsia prowazekii, was determined at uppsala university in sweden at the end of the century. in this mini-review, we discuss insights gained from the genome sequence of this fascinating and deadly organism. | 2000 | 10865960 |
| bartonella quintana and urban trench fever. | contemporary bartonella quintana infections have emerged in diverse regions of the world, predominantly involving socially disadvantaged persons. available data suggest that the human body louse pediculus humanus is the vector for transmission of b. quintana. descriptions of the clinical manifestations associated with contemporary b. quintana infections have varied considerably and include asymptomatic infection, a relapsing febrile illness, headache, leg pain, "culture-negative" endocarditis, a ... | 2000 | 10913410 |
| experimental model of human body louse infection using green fluorescent protein-expressing bartonella quintana. | a laboratory colony of human body lice was experimentally infected by feeding on rabbits made artificially bacteremic with a green fluorescent protein-expressing bartonella quintana. b. quintana was detected in the gut and feces until death but not in the eggs. the life span of the lice was not modified. the rabbit model should provide valuable clues to the role of lice in the transmission of b. quintana. | 2001 | 11179366 |
| detection and culture of bartonella quintana, serratia marcescens, and acinetobacter spp. from decontaminated human body lice. | as part of a survey for trench fever among homeless people in marseilles, france, we attempted isolation of bartonella quintana from body lice. a decontamination protocol of immersion in 70% ethanol with 0.2% iodine was devised and was tested with a laboratory colony of body lice. lice which had been experimentally contaminated with either escherichia coli, staphylococcus epidermidis, or acinetobacter spp. were successfully decontaminated, and this process did not prevent the culture of b. quint ... | 2001 | 11325978 |
| tick-borne relapsing fever in north america. | relapsing fever is characterized by recurring episodes of fever and nonspecific symptoms (e.g., headache, myalgia, arthralgia, shaking chills, and abdominal complaints). the illness is caused by an infection from the borrelia species (spirochetes) that may be acquired through the bite of an infected tick (ornithodoros species) or contact with the hemolymph of an infected human body louse (pediculus humanus). in north america, most cases have been acquired in the western united states, southern b ... | 2002 | 11982310 |
| bartonella quintana bacteremia among homeless people. | bartonella quintana infections have recently reemerged, predominantly among the homeless populations in cities in both europe and the united states. b. quintana can cause trench fever, endocarditis, and chronic bacteremia; the human body louse is the only known vector. homeless people who presented to the emergency departments of university hospital in marseilles, france, were studied, as were those who had been admitted to other medical facilities in the city since 1 january 1997. samples of bl ... | 2002 | 12203165 |
| an experimental model of human body louse infection with rickettsia prowazekii. | rickettsia prowazekii is transmitted to humans by the body louse. a new experimental model of body louse infection with r. prowazekii is reported here. eight hundred human lice were infected by feeding on a rabbit that was made bacteremic by injecting 2x106 plaque-forming units of r. prowazekii. the bacterium invaded the stomach cells and was released in feces, in which it was detected 5 days after infection. at day 6 after infection, as a result of the cell burst and the spread of erythrocytes ... | 2002 | 12447741 |
| susceptibility of head lice (pediculus humanus capitis) to pediculicides in australia. | infestation with head lice, pediculus humanus capitis, is a worldwide problem, especially among primary (elementary) school children. although studies in many different countries indicate lower levels of susceptibility to certain insecticides than expected ("resistance"), there is no empirical data from australia. data on the susceptibility of head lice to malathion, pyrethrums and permethrin were collected from four schools in brisbane and one school in northern queensland. since no completely ... | 2003 | 12827503 |
| detection of r. felis and r. typhi in fleas using monoclonal antibodies. | rickettsia typhi and r. felis are flea-transmitted human pathogenic rickettsial species. to investigate the distributional dynamics of these rickettsiae we designed a micro-immunofluorescence assay (mif) using species-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) applied to flea cryosections. our assay was performed in less than 3 h and its applicability was demonstrated by the detection of r. typhi in 50 artificially infected human body lice but in none of 50 uninfected lice. with mif, we identified 31 ... | 2003 | 12860628 |
| real-time pcr duplex assay for rickettsia prowazekii and borrelia recurrentis. | rickettsia prowazekii, the etiologic agent for epidemic typhus, and borrelia recurrentis, the etiologic agent of relapsing fever, both utilize the same vector, the human body louse (pediculus humanus), to transmit human disease. we have developed an assay to detect both bacterial pathogens in a single tube utilizing real-time pcr. assays for both agents are specific. the r. prowazekii and b. recurrentis assays do not detect nucleic acid from r. typhi, r. canada, or any of eight spotted fever ric ... | 2003 | 12860643 |
| an experimental model of human body louse infection with rickettsia typhi. | murine (endemic) typhus caused by rickettsia typhi, one of the most widely distributed arthropod-borne diseases, is transmitted to humans mainly by the oriental rat flea. the human body louse, pediculus humanus corporis, has been suspected to have a role in the transmission of r. typhi to humans. to evaluate the potential role of pediculus humanus corporis as a vector of murine typhus, we used r. typhi in an experimental model of human body louse infection previously used with r. prowazekii. a r ... | 2003 | 12860699 |
| observations on a non-typhus rickettsia-like organism in the human body louse, pediculus humanus var corporis. | | 1952 | 12988303 |
| studies of human body lice pediculus humanus corporis. ii. quantitative comparisons of the susceptibility of human body lice and cotton rats to experimental infection with epidemic typhus rickettsiae. | | 1953 | 13080260 |
| human body lice. iv. direct serial passage of typhus rickettsiae by oral infection. | | 1954 | 13134318 |
| studies of human body lice, pediculus humanus corporis. iii. initial dosage and ambient temperature as factors influencing the course of infection with rickettsia prowazeki. | | 1954 | 13138580 |
| techniques for rearing and handling body lice, oriental rat fleas, and cat fleas. | the authors describe techniques for handling and rearing large numbers of body lice (pediculus humanus humanus l.), oriental rat fleas (xenopsylla cheopis (rothschild)), and cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis felis (bouché)).body lice may be fed on man or on domestic rabbits. in the latter case, the lice are kept on woollen patches in glass dishes at 30 degrees c and 60% relative humidity. the patches are placed on the clipped belly of a rabbit once a day and the lice allowed to feed. eggs are dep ... | 1954 | 13150173 |
| [regeneration in pediculus humanus corporis]. | | 1953 | 13173697 |
| [resistance and pseudo-resistance of local strains of pediculus humanus humanus lin. (anoplura) in the south of france to chlorinated insecticides]. | | 1954 | 13190273 |
| resistance of human body lice to insecticides. | | 1955 | 13266963 |
| the multiplication of pasteurella tularensis in human body lice. | | 1956 | 13302207 |
| an artificial membrane and apparatus for the feeding of the human body louse pediculus humanus corporis. | | 1956 | 13302630 |
| the maintenance of the human body louse pediculus humanus corporis through complete cycles of growth by serial feeding through artificial membranes. | | 1956 | 13302631 |
| human louse: its role in the transmission of diseases; a note on a rapid comparative study on the effect of some dusting powders on an unknown strain of body louse (pediculus humanus corporis de geer) and a general discussion on development of resistance in insects. | | 1955 | 13359048 |
| [resistance of body lice (pediculus humanus corporis, deg.) to ddt in istok district (kosmet region)]. | | 1957 | 13434038 |
| a microscopic study of pasteurella tularensis in the human body louse. | | 1957 | 13504864 |
| biochemical investigations on ddt-resistance in the human body louse, pendiculus humanus humanus. | | 1958 | 13595206 |
| [new insecticide against pediculus humanus corporis]. | | 1959 | 13648118 |
| [new studies on the sensitivity to insecticides of pediculus humanus humanus k. linnaeus, 1758 in metropolitan france (southeast, paris, north)]. | | 1959 | 13671324 |
| the susceptibility to dieldrin of pulex irritans and pediculus humanus corporis in the pare area of north-east tanganyika. | | 1959 | 13831868 |
| resistance of the body louse (pediculus humanus corporis de g.) to ddt powders. | | 1960 | 13834636 |
| studies on the susceptibility of pediculus humanus corporis de g. to ddt, gamma bhc and pyrethrins. | | 1961 | 13911374 |
| development of resistance to ddt in the body louse, pediculus humanus corporis de geer, under experimental conditions. | | 1962 | 13944215 |
| the geographical segregation of human lice preceded that of pediculus humanus capitis and pediculus humanus humanus. | in order to investigate human-louse phylogeny, we partially sequenced two nuclear (18s rrna and ef-1 alpha) and one mitochondrial (coi) genes from 155 pediculus from different geographical origins. the phylogenetic analysis of 18s rrna and ef-1 alpha sequences showed that human lice were classified into lice from sub-saharan africa and lice from other areas. in both clusters, head and body lice were clearly grouped into two separate clusters. our results indicate that the earliest divergence wit ... | 2003 | 14558476 |
| transcriptome identification of putative genes involved in protein catabolism and innate immune response in human body louse (pediculicidae: pediculus humanus). | genomics information relating to human body lice is surprisingly scarce, and this has constrained studies of their physiology, immunology and vector biology. to identify novel body louse genes, we used engorged adult lice to generate a cdna library. initially, 1152 clones were screened for inserts, edited for removal of vector sequences and base pairs of poor quality, and viewed for splicing variations, gene families and polymorphism. computational methods identified 506 inferred open reading fr ... | 2003 | 14563364 |
| molecular analysis of a para sodium channel gene from pyrethroid-resistant head lice, pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae). | the problem of pyrethroid-resistance in head lice, pediculus humanus capitis (de geer), is growing worldwide, and an insensitive sodium channel is suspected as the major mechanism of this resistance. we sequenced an open reading frame (orf) encoding for the para-orthologous sodium channel from an insecticide-susceptible strain of the body louse, pediculus humanus humanus (l.), based on conserved peptide sequences and a known partial gene sequence. phenothrin-susceptible and -resistant head louse ... | 2003 | 14680113 |
| body louse remains found in textiles excavated at masada, israel. | a leg of the body louse, pediculus humanus humanus l. (phthiraptera: pediculidae), was found in a storeroom at masada build during the reign of king herod the great. the unearthed culture material clearly indicates that the room was occupied by the rebels during the first jewish revolt against the romans (ad 66-73/4). the context of the textiles associated with the louse and their nature suggest a rebel origin. an exuvium of a leg of the third nymphal stage of body louse was found. the first thr ... | 2003 | 14680131 |
| pediculosis. | the 3 major lice that infest humans are pediculus humanus capitis (head louse), pthirus pubis (crab louse), and pediculus humanus humanus (body louse). patients with louse infestation present with scalp pruritus, excoriations, cervical lymphadenopathy, and conjunctivitis. a hypersensitivity rash, or pediculid, may mimic a viral exanthem. head lice infestation crosses all economic and social boundaries, whereas body lice infestation preferentially affects the homeless and displaced. body lice are ... | 2004 | 14699358 |
| cloning and characterization of a trypsin-encoding cdna of the human body louse pediculus humanus. | from a cdna library of the whole insect, a trypsin gene of pediculus humanus has been cloned and sequenced. the 908 bp clone has an open reading frame of 759 bp, which encodes a pre-proenzyme with 253 amino acid residues. a sixteen-residue n-terminal signal peptide is followed by a twelve-residue activation peptide with putative cleavage sites at gly16 and tyr28. the deduced amino acid sequence has several features typical of trypsin proteases and an overall identity of 35-43% with the trypsins ... | 2004 | 14728662 |
| localization of antigen in tissue cells; antigens of rickettsiae and mumps virus. | rickettsiae of epidemic typhus fever and rocky mountain spotted fever have been microscopically localized and identified in smears of exudates and tissue sections from infected cotton rats by means of homologous antibody labelled with fluorescein. epidemic typhus has also been identified in smears from single infected human body lice. mumps virus antigen has been microscopically localized in the parotid of the experimentally infected monkey by the same method. the antigenic material, probably ac ... | 1950 | 15395571 |
| flying squirrels and their ectoparasites: disseminators of epidemic typhus. | information gathered during the past decade indicates that the eastern flying squirrel, glaucomys volans, is a zoonotic reservoir of rickettsia prowazekii - causative agent of louse-borne (epidemic) typhus. the sporadic cases o f typhus that have occurred in the usa in association with flying squirrels provide evidence that flying squirrels can transmit r. prowazekii infection to humons. strains of r. prowazekii, isolated from flying squirrels multiply readily in human body lice, but flying squi ... | 1987 | 15462918 |
| acinetobacter baumannii in human body louse. | while we were isolating bartonella quintana from body lice, 40 acinetobacter baumannii strains were also isolated and genotyped. one clone was unique and the other was ampicillin susceptible. a. baumannii dna was later detected in 21% of 622 lice collected worldwide. these findings show an a. baumannii epidemic in human body lice. | 2004 | 15498175 |
| multispacer typing technique for sequence-based typing of bartonella quintana. | bartonella quintana is a worldwide fastidious bacterium of the alphaproteobacteria responsible for bacillary angiomatosis, trench fever, chronic lymphadenopathy, and culture-negative endocarditis. the recent genome sequencing of a b. quintana isolate allowed us to propose a genome-wide sequence-based typing method. to ensure sequence discrimination based on highly polymorphic areas, we amplified and sequenced 34 spacers in a large collection of b. quintana isolates. six of these exhibited polymo ... | 2005 | 15634949 |
| drugs used in the treatment of pediculosis. | pediculosis is the result of infestation by one of two families of sucking lice. the pediculidae include the agents of head and body lice. pubic lice belong to the family pthiridae. pediculus humanus capitis (the head louse) and pediculus humanus humanus (the body louse) look identical. the two differ by the slightly larger size of the average body louse, as well as where they reside and deposit their eggs. head lice live in the scalp hair and deposit their ova on hair shafts. body lice live in ... | 2005 | 15776778 |
| excretion of living borrelia recurrentis in feces of infected human body lice. | louse-borne relapsing fever (lbrf), caused by borrelia recurrentis, is 1 of the most dangerous arthropod-borne diseases. infection is thought to occur through louse crushing. lice feces have not been shown to contain living borreliae. we infected 800 body lice by feeding them on a rabbit made spirochetemic by the injection of 2 x 106 borreliae. the life span of infected lice was not shortened. once infected, lice remained infected for life but did not transmit borreliae to their progeny or to nu ... | 2005 | 15871124 |
| [lice and lice-borne diseases in humans]. | among the three lice which parasite the human being, the human body louse, pediculus humanus humanus, is a vector of infectious diseases. it lives and multiplies in clothes and human infestation is associated with cold weather and a lack of hygiene. three pathogenic bacteria are transmitted by the body louse: 1) rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus of which the most recent outbreak (and the largest since world war ii) was observed during the civil war in burundi; 2) borrelia recur ... | 2005 | 15903070 |
| multispacer typing of rickettsia prowazekii enabling epidemiological studies of epidemic typhus. | currently, there is no tool for typing rickettsia prowazekii, the causative agent of epidemic typhus, currently considered a potential bioterrorism agent, at the strain level. to test if the multispacer typing (mst) method could differentiate strains of r. prowazekii, we amplified and sequenced the 25 most variable intergenic spacers between the r. prowazekii and r. conorii genomes in five strains and 10 body louse amplicons of r. prowazekii from various geographic origins. two intergenic spacer ... | 2005 | 16145131 |
| transmission ratio distortion in the human body louse, pediculus humanus (insecta: phthiraptera). | we studied inheritance at three microsatellite loci in eight f, and two f2 families of the body (clothes) louse of humans, pediculus humanus. the alleles of heterozygous female-parents were always inherited in a mendelian fashion in these families. alleles from heterozygous male-parents, however, were inherited in two different ways: (i) in a mendelian fashion and (ii) in a non-mendelian fashion, where males passed to their offspring only one of their two alleles, that is, 100% nonrandom transmi ... | 2006 | 16175192 |
| serine proteinases of the human body louse (pediculus humanus): sequence characterization and expression patterns. | after the previous characterization of one trypsin gene (try1) of the human body louse pediculus humanus, genes encoding a second trypsin (try2) and a chymotrypsin (chy1) have been cloned using degenerate serine proteinase primers and 5'- and 3'-race, and sequenced. the deduced 259 and 267 amino acid sequences of try2 and chy1 show an identity of 33%-40% to trypsinogens and chymotrypsinogens of other insects. considering previously published partial sequences, p. humanus possesses at least one t ... | 2005 | 16211415 |
| comparative genomics of multidrug resistance in acinetobacter baumannii. | acinetobacter baumannii is a species of nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria commonly found in water and soil. this organism was susceptible to most antibiotics in the 1970s. it has now become a major cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide due to its remarkable propensity to rapidly acquire resistance determinants to a wide range of antibacterial agents. here we use a comparative genomic approach to identify the complete repertoire of resistance genes exhibited by the multidrug-resist ... | 2006 | 16415984 |
| first molecular evidence of bartonella quintana in pediculus humanus capitis (phthiraptera: pediculidae), collected from nepalese children. | trench fever is a body louse-borne disease caused by bartonella quintana brenner. the recent status of louse infestation in nepalese children is not well known. we collected head and body lice, pediculus humanus capitis de geer and pediculus humanus humanus l., respectively, from 30 children, including 11 cases of double infestation with both head and body lice. detection of b. quintana in both louse species identified was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). pcr products with b. quin ... | 2006 | 16506456 |
| experimentally infected human body lice (pediculus humanus humanus) as vectors of rickettsia rickettsii and rickettsia conorii in a rabbit model. | the human body louse, the natural vector of rickettsia prowazekii, is able to experimentally transmit the normally flea-borne rickettsia r. typhi, suggesting that the relationships between the body louse and rickettsiae are not specific. we used our experimental infection model to test the ability of body lice to transmit two prevalent tick-borne rickettsiae. each of two rabbits was made bacteremic by injecting intravenously 2 x 10(6) plaque-forming units of either r. rickettsii or r. conorii. f ... | 2006 | 16606977 |
| experimental infection of human body lice with acinetobacter baumannii. | the human body louse is currently recognized as a vector of rickettsia prowazekii, borrelia recurrentis, and bartonella quintana. previous studies have reported the isolation of acinetobacter baumannii from the body lice of homeless patients. to study how the body louse acquires a. baumannii, we infected a rabbit by infusing 2 x 10(6) colony-forming units of the louse strain of a. baumannii. two hundred body lice were infected by feeding on the bacteremic rabbit and compared with 200 uninfected ... | 2006 | 16606978 |
| environmental signals generate a differential and coordinated expression of the heme receptor gene family of bartonella quintana. | of all bacteria, bartonella quintana has the highest reported in vitro hemin requirement, yet an explanation for this remains elusive. to produce diseases such as trench fever, endocarditis, and bacillary angiomatosis, b. quintana must survive and replicate in the disparate environments of the pediculus humanus corporis (body louse) gut and the human vasculature. we previously identified a five-member family of hemin binding proteins (hbps) synthesized by b. quintana that bind hemin on the outer ... | 2006 | 16714552 |
| permethrin-resistant head lice (anoplura: pediculidae) in argentina are susceptible to spinosad. | the insecticidal activity of spinosad was evaluated against susceptible and permethrin-resistant human lice. in a permethrin-susceptible strain of the body louse, pediculus humanus humanus l. (anoplura: pediculidae), the toxicity of spinosad was similar to that established for permethrin, with an ld50 value of 1.2 ng/insect and 2.4 ng/insect, respectively. topical application of spinosad to populations of permethrin-resistant head louse, pediculus humanus capitis de geer (anoplura: pediculidae), ... | 2006 | 16739427 |
| use of temperature and water immersion to control the human body louse (anoplura: pediculidae). | physical methods such as high and low temperatures were used in the past for the control of human body louse, pediculus humanus humanus l. (anoplura: pediculidae). in the current study, the minimum time necessary to kill all lice after exposing them to temperatures other than those described in the literature, the mortality of lice after immersing them in water, and the survival of lice whose legs were amputated were studied. all lice died after 6 d at 6 degrees c, after 11 d at 24 degrees c, an ... | 2006 | 16892630 |