| comparative antigenic analysis of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolates from aids patients. | sonicates of several mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains isolated from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients were characterized in order to study the prominent antigens of these strains. sonicates of 6-week-old cultures were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and western blotting. a major 12 kda glycoprotein antigen was observed in all the sonicates along with other proteins ranging up to 100 kda. western blotting, using the 12 kda ... | 1992 | 1292716 |
| [dna probe and polymerase chain reaction for detection and identification of mycobacteria]. | the dna probe and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for detection and identification of mycobacteria were compared with the conventional smear and culture method. the results of identification by dna probe agreed well with those of the biochemical method. moreover, six percent of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were revealed to be mycobacteria other than mac by dna probe. the nested pcr for detection of gene coding protein antigen b of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex showed excellen ... | 1992 | 1294786 |
| clarithromycin and azithromycin: new macrolide antibiotics. | the chemistry, mechanism of action, antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage and administration of clarithromycin and azithromycin are described. clarithromycin and azithromycin are new macrolide antibiotics that are similar in structure to erythromycin. compared with erythromycin, clarithromycin demonstrates increased activity against staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, legionella pneumophila, moraxella catarrhalis, and chlamyd ... | 1992 | 1312921 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates mycobactericidal/mycobacteriostatic activity in human macrophages by a protein kinase c-independent pathway. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is a 17-kda protein produced by endotoxin-stimulated macrophages. we have demonstrated that recombinant human tnf activates human macrophages to kill intracellular bacteria of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in a dose-related manner. tnf also primed macrophages to produce superoxide anion (o2-) following treatment with phorbol esther pma (0.1 micrograms/ml). to investigate the intracellular pathway involved in the tnf-mediated activation of mycobacteriostatic/my ... | 1992 | 1327540 |
| activity of clarithromycin against mycobacterium avium complex infection in beige mice. | the activity of clarithromycin alone and in combination with other antimycobacterial agents was evaluated in the beige (c57bl/6j bgj/bgj) mouse model of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. a dose-response experiment was performed with clarithromycin at 50, 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg of body weight administered daily by gavage to mice infected with approximately 10(7) viable mac. a dose-related reduction in spleen and liver cell counts was noted with treatment at 50, 100, and 20 ... | 1992 | 1336945 |
| development of effective drug combinations for the inhibition of multiply resistant mycobacteria, especially of the mycobacterium avium complex. | rationally designed combinations of rifampicin (ramp) and thiacetazone plus isonicotinic acid hydrazide and/or ethambutol are highly effective in the treatment of patients (including hiv-positive) infected with multiply resistant mycobacteria of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). clinical results are very promising. the high efficacy of these combinations is due to the synergistic potentiation of single-drug activities. as soon as rifabutin is marketed, it should replace ramp in the combinat ... | 1992 | 1380906 |
| comparison of the intracellular activities of clarithromycin and erythromycin against mycobacterium avium complex strains in j774 cells and in alveolar macrophages from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals. | the intracellular activities of clarithromycin and erythromycin, alone and in combination with other antimicrobial agents, were tested against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains inside mouse j774 cells and inside alveolar macrophages obtained from human immunodeficiency type 1-infected individuals. clarithromycin alone had greater intracellular activity than erythromycin alone, and drug combinations that included clarithromycin were usually more active than combinations that included eryt ... | 1992 | 1387302 |
| [evaluation of the alkaline-phosphatase labeled dna probes for mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex]. | non-radioisotopic, alkaline phosphatase-labeled dna (ap-dna) probe tests for the identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtb) and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were evaluated. the overall agreement, sensitivity and specificity of the ap-dna probes for mtb and mac were 100% respectively compared with the conventional biochemical method. because the procedure is rapid (it can be completed approximately 120 min), safe (it does not use radioisotopes) and convenient (it does not nee ... | 1992 | 1402115 |
| effectiveness of the macrolide clarithromycin in the treatment of mycobacterium avium complex infection in hiv-infected patients. | in a randomized double-blind study, nine mycobacteremic patients with aids-related disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection received clarithromycin or placebo in addition to a basic regimen that included isoniazid, ethambutol and clofazimine. all four patients receiving clarithromycin showed blood culture conversion and clinical response. of the five patients treated without clarithromycin, two showed resolution of mycobacteremia and clinical response, while another two died with ... | 1992 | 1428183 |
| [clinical characteristics of the patients with primary infection of mycobacterium avium complex]. | clinical characteristics are analyzed in patients with primary infection of mycobacterium avium complex (mac). the definition of primary infection of mac are determined as follows; 1) mac is found several times since the beginning of the disease, 2) clinical symptoms or abnormal shadow corresponding to mac infection on chest roentgenogram, 3) no old tuberculous lesions nor other abnormal shadows like bronchiectasis, 4) no abnormal serological results suggesting other bacterial or viral infection ... | 1992 | 1434320 |
| in vitro, in vivo, and intracellular chemotherapeutic activity of b746, a clofazimine analogue against mycobacterium avium complex. | b746, an analogue of clofazimine, was compared with the parent compound for its activity against mycobacterium avium complex (mac), using several methods. all the studies using simulated in vivo conditions, and those with macrophages from healthy mice or from those treated with these drugs, revealed b746 to be similar to clofazimine. when used alone against experimental mac infections in beige mice, b746 required an optimal dose of 20 mg/kg. at that dose it proved to be inferior to clofazimine, ... | 1992 | 1477384 |
| distinctive western blot antibody patterns induced by infection of mice with individual strains of the mycobacterium avium complex. | systemic infection of mice with organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) induced antibody responses, characteristic for each of the three tested individual strains. the influence of host genetic factors was reflected up to 3 months after infection by the finding of generally oligobanded and multibanded western blot patterns in c57b1/6 and balb/c mice, respectively. nevertheless, more bands developed at 6 months in c57bl/6 mice. the response to three antigens of 18,000, 38,000 and 24,00 ... | 1992 | 1526646 |
| [relationship between virulence to mice and macrophage chemiluminescence-triggering activity of the mycobacterium avium complex belonging to various serovars]. | macrophage chemiluminescence (m phi cl)-triggering activities of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains belonging to various serovars were examined. when smt colonial variant (smooth, transparent, irregularly shaped) of m. intracellulare n-260 strain was compared with its smd variant (smooth, opaque, dome-shaped) for m phi cl-triggering function and resistance to antimicrobial activity of murine resident peritoneal m phi s, the smt variant showed much lower m phi cl-triggering activity accomp ... | 1992 | 1542203 |
| [effect of cytokines on anti-mycobacterium avium complex (mac) activities of human alveolar macrophages]. | the macrophage is an essential component of the host defense against intracellular pathogens including mac. especially alveolar macrophages act as a first line defense in the lungs against mac infection. some cytokines were reported to activate mouse peritoneal macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages to inhibit growth or kill mac. but we could find only one report describing the effect of cytokines on anti-mac activities of human alveolar macrophages (pam). thus, we investigated the e ... | 1992 | 1542209 |
| [clinico-immunological study of the patients infected with mycobacterium avium complex (mac)]. | lymphocyte functions of the peripheral blood in the patients infected with mac (mac-pts) were evaluated comparatively with age-matched normal controls by using flow cytometry. the results obtained were as follows: 1) in normal controls, the number of total lymphocytes and the proportion and number of t lymphocyte subsets significantly decreased with age. the proportion of natural killer lymphocytes significantly increased in elder controls. 2) in mac-pts, the number of total lymphocytes and t ly ... | 1992 | 1542210 |
| nonopsonic uptake of mycobacterium avium complex by human monocytes and alveolar macrophages. | the uptake of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) microorganisms by human peripheral blood monocytes (pbms) and alveolar macrophages (ams) is not well understood. we have previously shown, under opsonic conditions, that humoral factors are important in mediating the uptake of mac by pbms. however, the receptor-ligand interactions occurring under nonopsonic conditions remain unclear. we compared the uptake of untreated human pbms and ams in a serum-free medium with phagocytes treated to remove surf ... | 1992 | 1593222 |
| mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease presenting as an isolated lingular or middle lobe pattern. the lady windermere syndrome. | pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac-pd) radiographically resembles that due to tuberculosis; it preferentially affects elderly white men with predisposing pulmonary disorders (pdpd). | 1992 | 1600780 |
| chemotherapeutic efficacy of a newly synthesized benzoxazinorifamycin, krm-1648, against mycobacterium avium complex infection induced in mice. | newly synthesized benzoxazinorifamycin, krm-1648, was studied for its in vivo anti-mycobacterium avium complex (mac) activities. when the mics were determined by the agar dilution method with middlebrook 7h11 agar medium, krm-1648 exhibited similarly potent in vitro antimicrobial activities against the mac isolated from aids and non-aids patients, indicating possible usefulness of krm-1648 against aids-associated mac infections. krm-1648 exhibited potent therapeutic activity against experimental ... | 1992 | 1605603 |
| use of dna probes to detect mycobacterium intracellulare and "x" mycobacteria among clinical isolates of mycobacterium avium complex. | a mycobacterial dna probe (designated x) was recently developed to help identify mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolates that are nonreactive with probes specific for m. avium or mycobacterium intracellulare. the prevalence of x probe-positive mycobacteria in clinical specimens and their role in causing disease is unknown. using a dna probe kit that includes the x probe, we characterized 100 consecutive clinical mac isolates as m. avium, m. intracellulare, or x. lysates from 81 of the isolate ... | 1992 | 1607695 |
| natural history of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in aids. | this study sought to better characterize the natural history of aids-associated disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. towards that end two retrospective studies were done: a case-control survival study and a mac respiratory colonization study. among 137 consecutive patients who had a sterile body site cultured for mycobacteria within 3 months of their first aids-defining episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, median survival was significantly shorter in those with dissemi ... | 1991 | 1682396 |
| transmission of tuberculosis to hospital workers by a patient with aids. | a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) was admitted to a hospital with cough and fever and after 29 days was transferred to a hospice. he was eventually shown to have active pulmonary tuberculosis. this diagnosis was obscured clinically by simultaneous infection with pneumocystis carinii and mycobacterium avium complex (mac). laboratory recognition of mycobacterium tuberculosis was delayed because of overgrowth of cultures by mac but was later established using dna probe techni ... | 1992 | 1735302 |
| mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients with aids: seroreactivity to native and recombinant mycobacterial antigens. | antibodies to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) antigens were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblot analyses in sera from 20 patients with aids and disseminated mac disease, 5 human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative patients with pulmonary mac infections, and 20 healthy controls. whereas enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers for healthy controls and patients with aids and mac disease were comparable, human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative patients with mac disease ... | 1991 | 1757538 |
| activity of free and liposome encapsulated streptomycin against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) inside peritoneal macrophages. | | 1991 | 1761459 |
| [identification of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare using three dna probe tests, and their distributions in japan]. | identification of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was made using three dna probe tests for mac: gen-probe rapid diagnostic system for the mac (gen-probe inc., san diego, u.s.a.), accuprobe mac culture identification or confirmation test (gen-probe inc.); and snap culture identification diagnostic kit (mac) (syngene inc., san diego, u.s.a.). various strains of mac belonging to serovars 21 to 28 were identified by the dna probe tests and showed the following. first, serovar 21 and 25 belonged to ... | 1991 | 1766154 |
| effect of agitation of bactec 13a blood cultures on recovery of mycobacterium avium complex. | the effect of agitation of bactec 13a bottles (becton dickinson) on the recovery of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) from blood was compared with that of static incubation. a total of 265 blood specimens was inoculated in duplicate into bactec 13a bottles. one specimen was statically incubated at 35 degrees c, and the other was incubated with agitation on a gyrotory shaker at 35 degrees c for the first 2 weeks and thereafter without shaking for up to 12 weeks. of the 265 specimens, 77 (29.1%) w ... | 1991 | 1774299 |
| non-radioactive dna probe for the rapid identification of mycobacterium avium complex from clinical specimens. | we evaluated an alkaline phosphatase labelled oligonucleotide probe (snap(tm), syngene co., molecular biosystems, inc., san diego ca) for the direct culture identification of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolated from clinical specimens. mycobacterial species identified by conventional biochemical methods were retested with this dna probe using the centri-dot(tm) format. the probe accurately identified all 69 pigmented m. avium complex and 15 non-pigmented isolates of m. avium complex. ther ... | 1991 | 1791848 |
| natural killer cell-dependent mycobacteriostatic and mycobactericidal activity in human macrophages. | host defense mechanisms against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are poorly understood. recent evidence suggests the role of nk cells in the host defense against some intracellular pathogens. we investigated whether nk cells play a role in mac infection. il-2-activated human nk cells were incubated with human monocyte-derived macrophages either before or after infection with mac. macrophages were lysed 3 and 5 days after infection for quantitation of viable intracellular organisms. although no ... | 1991 | 1898601 |
| growth inhibition of mycobacterium avium complex in human alveolar macrophages by the combination of recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon-gamma. | the reservoir of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) during human infection is the mononuclear phagocyte. in these studies, the ability of certain macrophage-active cytokines to affect mac growth in human alveolar macrophages was evaluated. neither recombinant interferon-gamma (2 x 10(2) to 10(3) u/well of 5 x 10(5) cells) nor recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor (20 to 50 ng/well), when tested alone, exhibited a consistent ability to induce macrophage targets to inhibit the growth of ... | 1991 | 1900425 |
| [study of detailed conditions in dna probe test by use of gen-probe rapid diagnostic system for identification of mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium tuberculosis complex]. | in order to improve feasibility of technical procedures in gen probe rapid diagnostic system (gen probe inc., san diego, ca, u.s.a.) for identification of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and m. tuberculosis complex (mtc), we studied several test conditions in the dna probe testing, such as stability of test bacterial suspension, optimal duration of bacterial cultivation, the number of organisms in test bacterial suspension required for accurate determination, and so on. with respect to concent ... | 1991 | 1908537 |
| effects of antimicrobial agents on survival of mycobacterium avium complex inside alveolar macrophages obtained from patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | measurements of the activities of antimicrobial agents against the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) usually do not take into consideration the intracellular location of the organism. a recent study using mouse macrophage continuous cell line j774 (d. m. yajko, p.s. nassos, c. a. sanders, and w. k. hadley, am. rev. respir. dis. 140: 1198-1203, 1989) showed that certain combinations of antimicrobial agents are able to kill mac inside macrophages and suggested that the j774 cell line could be used ... | 1991 | 1929335 |
| progressive disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium complex after intravenous and oral challenge in cyclosporine-treated rats. | male sprague-dawley rats, immunosuppressed with cyclosporine (csa), developed disseminated infection after intravenous or oral challenge with mycobacterium avium complex (mac). disseminated infection leading to bacillemia could be established after intravenous inoculation with as few as 5 x 10(3) organisms. when csa was not given or when csa was stopped 1 month after infection, animals cleared the bacilli from blood and tissue. animals developed disseminated infection after oral challenge with a ... | 1991 | 1940470 |
| mycobacterial disease in aids. | an increase in tuberculosis cases in the united states has been partially linked to the large number of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. symptoms are indistinguishable from those of other opportunistic infections and include cough, low-grade fever, and weight loss. in patients with early human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, radiographic findings resemble those seen in patients with reactivation tuberculosis. in patients with advanced hiv infection, chest radiographs typ ... | 1991 | 1942194 |
| chemotherapeutic potential of free and liposome encapsulated streptomycin against experimental mycobacterium avium complex infections in beige mice. | we investigated in two experiments the chemotherapeutic role of streptomycin on the progression of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease in beige mice. in the first experiment, streptomycin 100 mg/kg given intramuscularly (im) five days a week for four weeks caused a significant reduction of the colony forming unit (cfu) counts of mac from spleen, lungs and liver. in the same experiment, streptomycin, given in an encapsulated form in multilamellar liposomes at 15 mg/kg in two intravenous (iv ... | 1991 | 1960123 |
| prevalence of mycobacterium avium complex in respiratory specimens from aids and non-aids patients in a san francisco hospital. | over the past several years there has been a large increase in the recovery of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolates from respiratory specimens submitted to the clinical laboratory at san francisco general hospital (sfgh). this increase in mac recovery correlates with an increase in the number of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the community. although it is well known that mac is often isolated from patients with aids, the isolation of mac from respiratory specimens is ... | 1991 | 1986686 |
| successful treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related mycobacterium avium complex disease with a multiple drug regimen including amikacin. | disease due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) typically occurs late in the course of aids and is usually disseminated with evidence of multiorgan involvement. most patients are persistently bacteremic. previously published studies have noted a poor response to antimycobacterial chemotherapy. we describe successful treatment of mac disease in an aids patient with a multiple drug regimen, including amikacin, clofazimine, rifampin, e ... | 1991 | 2001140 |
| multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis of the mycobacterium avium complex and other mycobacteria. | multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis was used to evaluate the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), m. paratuberculosis, and nine other mycobacterial species. the average number of alleles per locus was 2.8 for the 35 mac and 2 m. paratuberculosis strains which represented 24 electrophoretic types (ets) and two distinct groups. the m. avium group was resolved into 17 ets and contained the m. paratuberculosis et. the m. intracellulare group consisted of six ets. there was complete agreement be ... | 1991 | 2007633 |
| current and investigational therapies for aids-associated mycobacterium avium complex disease. | the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection are reviewed. mac infection is one of the most common infections in aids patients. its pathogenesis is poorly understood, but it is believed to develop by gastrointestinal colonization followed by systemic invasion. the relatively poor response to treatment may be partly accounted for by the tremendous mycobacterial load present by the time patients develop systemic symptoms. cli ... | 1991 | 2032445 |
| ethanol augments intracellular survival of mycobacterium avium complex and impairs macrophage responses to cytokines. | chronic ethanol ingestion predisposes to tuberculosis and bacterial pneumonia. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms cause bacteremia in patients with aids. cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages and murine kupffer cells were exposed to 10-100 micrograms/dl ethanol; significantly greater intracellular growth of mac strains 100 (serovar 8) and 101 (serovar 1) occurred in ethanol-treated cells than in controls (range, 58% +/- 7%-70% +/- 5%; p less than .05 for 50 and 100 micrograms/dl e ... | 1991 | 2037794 |
| mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. incidence, presentation, and response to therapy in a community setting. | the experience with pulmonary disease caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac-pd) was examined over a 12-yr period in a nonreferral setting. the 29 patients with the disease constituted 30% of all pleuropulmonary mycobacterioses. the mean annual incidence rate was 1/100,000. sixty-two percent of patients were female, the majority of whom had no discernible preexisting pulmonary disorder to account for their susceptibility. a short- and long-term favorable response to therapy was observed in m ... | 1991 | 2048826 |
| clofazimine: a review of its use in leprosy and mycobacterium avium complex infection. | this article reviews the chemistry, pharmacology, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy in leprosy and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, adverse effects, drug interactions, and special considerations of clofazimine. the drug is active in vivo against m. leprae and in vitro against mac. in addition, it possesses antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. clinical studies support the efficacy of clofazimine as a part of multidrug therapy in treating leprosy. ... | 1991 | 2068838 |
| in vitro susceptibility of mycobacterium avium complex to the new fluoroquinolone sparfloxacin (ci-978; at-4140) and comparison with ciprofloxacin. | we tested the activity of the new fluoroquinolone sparfloxacin (ci-978; at 4140) against 30 strains of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolated from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. mics of sparfloxacin (range, less than or equal to 0.06 to 4 micrograms/ml) were lower than mics of ciprofloxacin for all 30 strains, and mbcs for acid-fast bacteria were lower for 28 of the 30 strains. in synergism experiments using 10 strains of mac, fractional inhibitory concentration indices r ... | 1990 | 2088204 |
| recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor activates human macrophages to inhibit growth or kill mycobacterium avium complex. | organisms belonging to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are associated with life-threatening bacteremia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). as these organisms survive within macrophages, we examined the ability of recombinant human granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) to activate human monocyte-derived macrophages to inhibit the intracellular growth or kill the most mouse-virulent mac strain in our collection that belongs to serotype 1. while u ... | 1990 | 2113563 |
| characteristics of immunosuppressive macrophages induced in host spleen cells by mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in mice. | the profile of generation and characteristics of immunosuppressive macrophages (m phi s), which suppress the cona-mitogenic response of spleen cells (spcs), in host cba/jn mice during the course of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and m. tuberculosis (mt) infections were investigated. in both infections, a marked reduction in cona mitogenic response of splenic t cells was seen around 2 weeks after infection, and this was accompanied by generation of potent immunosuppressive m phi s in the spcs ... | 1990 | 2161997 |
| 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin d3-dependent inhibition of growth or killing of mycobacterium avium complex in human macrophages is mediated by tnf and gm-csf. | vitamin d3 (d3) has been shown to activate several macrophage functions. to determine whether d3 could activate macrophages to kill or inhibit intracellular growth of mycobacterium avium complex (mac), human monocyte-derived macrophages were treated with d3 (10(-7), 10(-8), and 10(-9) m) 24 hr before or for 48 hr after mac infection. all three concentrations were associated with inhibition of growth or killing of mac in a dose-dependent fashion (28 +/- 4% and 22 +/- 3% of killing and inhibition ... | 1990 | 2183943 |
| identification of various serovar strains of mycobacterium avium complex by using dna probes specific for mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare. | reference strains of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) belonging to serovars 1 to 28 were examined with dna probes (gen probe rapid diagnostic system for the mac; gen probe inc., san diego, calif.) specific for either m. avium or mycobacterium intracellulare. this study revealed that the earlier designations of the mac serovars, in which serovars 1 to 3 and 4 to 28 were regarded as m. avium and m. intracellular, respectively, should be revised as follows. first m. avium includes serovars, 1 ... | 1990 | 2203807 |
| effect of tween 80 on the growth of mycobacterium avium complex. | the effect of tween 80 on the growth of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in liquid culture condition was investigated. observation of the colony-forming units (cfu) and the morphology of mac with transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed that tween 80 at 0.05% in the medium (ca. 0.5 mg/ml) had bacteriostatic action and caused cell elongation. tween 80 at 0.5% or more in the medium (ca. 5 mg/ml) reduced the quantity of mac glycolipids and also led to false positive or positive results ... | 1990 | 2280723 |
| natural killer cell activity and macrophage-dependent inhibition of growth or killing of mycobacterium avium complex in a mouse model. | natural killer (nk) cells from spleens of normal and mycobacterium avium complex (mac)-infected c57 black mice (c57 bl/6 bg/+) were examined for their capacity to activate splenic and peritoneal macrophages from beige mice to inhibit or kill intracellular mac. peritoneal and splenic macrophages from beige mice were exposed in vitro to nk cells obtained from mac-infected and uninfected black mice. nk cells from uninfected black mice were also treated in vitro with recombinant interleukin-2 (il-2) ... | 1990 | 2303748 |
| red cell transfusion therapy for anemia in patients with aids and arc: incidence, associated factors, and outcome. | the records of the san francisco general hospital (sfgh) blood bank were reviewed, and 263 likely aids and aids-related complex (arc) patients were identified, who received 1545 units of packed red cells (pbrcs) between july 1, 1987, and june 30, 1988. a probability sample of 80 of these patients was selected randomly for detailed chart review. of this sample, 78 (98%) were confirmed to have aids (86%) or arc (14%). on the basis of the yearly census of the sfgh aids clinic, a transfusion inciden ... | 1990 | 2305441 |
| natural killer cell-mediated lysis of mycobacterium-avium complex-infected monocytes. | since the precise mechanism of host responses to infection with mycobacterium-avium complex (mac) is unclear and since cytotoxic lymphocytes may be involved in the destruction of cells infected with intracellular pathogens, we investigated the ability of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes to kill mac-infected monocytes in a short-term isotope release assay. nylon wool-passed lymphocytes lysed mac-infected but not uninfected monocytes during a 4-hr assay. infected monocytes were less sensitive t ... | 1990 | 2312668 |
| rapid diagnosis by buffy coat smear of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a smear of the buffy coat of peripheral blood for acid-fast bacilli was assessed for sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients. seventeen aids patients with blood cultures positive for mac had simultaneous quantitative blood cultures and buffy coat smears performed, as did 4 patients later proven not to have disseminated mac. the sensitivity of the buffy coat smear for the detecti ... | 1990 | 2324284 |
| treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection of beige mice with liposome-encapsulated aminoglycosides. | free and liposome-encapsulated amikacin are active in vitro against intracellular mycobacterium avium complex (mac). to examine whether liposome-encapsulated aminoglycosides might kill intracellular mac more effectively in vivo, beige mice were infected with mac strain 101 (serotype 1) and after 1 week were treated intravenously every other day (5 doses total) with amikacin liposomes (0.2, 1, or 4 mg/dose), amikacin solution (0.2, 1, or 2 mg), gentamicin liposomes or gentamicin solution (0.2 or ... | 1990 | 2345306 |
| characterization and growth in human macrophages of mycobacterium avium complex strains isolated from the blood of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | strains of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) yield opaque and transparent colonial variants when cultivated in vitro. the transparent variants are more virulent than the opaque for animals, but little is known about the respective roles of these colonial variants in humans. to assess which variant infects humans, various blood fractions from eight patients with mac bacteremia were plated directly onto 7h10 agar. in cell fractionation studies, all the m. avium complex cfu were associated with ... | 1990 | 2370109 |
| characteristics of immunosuppressive macrophages induced in spleen cells by mycobacterium avium complex infections in mice. | the profile of generation and characteristics of splenic macrophages (m phi s) which suppress the concanavalin a (con a) mitogenic response of splenic t cells (designated as 'immunosuppressive m phi s') in host cba/jn mice during the course of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection were investigated. in mac-infected mice, reductions in some cellular functions of host splenic t cells, such as the con a mitogenic response and mixed leucocyte reaction, were seen around 2 weeks after challenge ... | 1990 | 2380690 |
| studies on the mechanisms of the synergistic effects of ethambutol and other antibacterial drugs on mycobacterium avium complex. | synergistic effects of combinations of anti-mycobacterial drugs on mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in vitro was studied by radiometric respirometry. pronounced synergy was seen for several drug combinations where ethambutol was found to be the key drug in the synergistic potentiation. microcalorimetric studies show that a very rapid physico-chemical interaction occurs between the cell-surface of mac and ethambutol. when mac cells were pretreated with ethambutol and then subjected to streptomyc ... | 1989 | 2503989 |
| treatment of experimental disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in mice with recombinant il-2 and tumor necrosis factor. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common bloodstream pathogen isolated from patients with aids. we have previously shown that tnf alone or in combination with il-2 can activate human and murine macrophages in vitro to kill mac strains isolated from disseminated infections. to determine whether treatment with tnf and il-2 could effect the course of disseminated mac infections in a murine model of disseminated mac infection, we infected c57bl mice with 3 x 10(8) bacteria i.v. and 1 wk ... | 1989 | 2553816 |
| oxidative and non-oxidative intracellular killing of mycobacterium avium complex. | among mycobacteria, those belonging to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are the most common cause of bacteremia in aids patients. to understand better the mechanisms by which human macrophages kill intracellular mac, we studied in an in vitro test system transparent morphotypes of the three most common bacteremic serotypes from aids patients and an opaque variant, obtained in vitro from the most mouse-virulent strain (mac 101). the three serotypes differed in susceptibility to oxidative bac ... | 1989 | 2560109 |
| mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare infections in patients with and without aids. | a genetic probe (gen-probe) was used to evaluate potential epidemiologic and susceptibility differences of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains isolated from 154 patients with and without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). genetic analysis revealed that 98% of the 45 patients with aids harbored only m. avium regardless of the anatomic or geographic source of the isolate; in contrast, approximately 40% of mac isolates recovered from 109 patients without aids were m. intracellular ... | 1989 | 2584751 |
| the beige mouse model for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease: optimal conditions for the host and parasite. | we extended our earlier studies to establish the beige (c57b1/6/bgj/bgj) mouse model for experimental acute infections with mycobacterium avium complex (mac). optimal conditions of the host and the parasites have been determined. mice bred at our center showed similar responses to those obtained from jackson laboratories, the original supplier. both male and female mice showed similar responses, but older mice in both sexes showed less susceptibility than younger mice. strain 101 of mac showed r ... | 1989 | 2626803 |
| naturally occurring antibodies against mycobacterium avium complex. | serum obtained from 57 healthy individuals and patients admitted to the hospital owing to diverse pathological causes, as well as serum from seven patients with aids and disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, were studied to determine the prevalence of igg and igm antibodies against surface proteins of m. avium complex. immunodot assay to detect serum positivity against mac and western blot technique in order to determine the mac antigens eliciting antibody production were per ... | 1989 | 2690731 |
| virulence of mycobacterium avium complex strains from acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients: relationship with characteristics of the parasite and host. | the virulence of 24 strains of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolated from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) was assessed using the beige mouse model. most changes in colony forming unit (cfu) counts in spleen and lungs, and spleen weights occurred between days 1 and 14, with comparatively smaller changes 14-28 days postinfection. the virulence was assessed by a score formulated from the four most useful parameters: mortality, spleen cfu, lung cfu and spleen weights at ... | 1989 | 2695739 |
| does vaccination with bacille calmette-guérin protect against aids? | in the united states a majority of patients with aids are infected with bacteria of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), while in sweden only approximately 10% of aids patients are so infected. it is proposed that general vaccination with bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) in sweden may have induced protection not only against tuberculosis but also against infections with mac, accounting for the lower incidence of mac infection in swedish patients with aids. the current aids pandemic may indicate a ... | 1989 | 2704931 |
| susceptibility of beige mice to mycobacterium avium complex infections by different routes of challenge. | we have studied the susceptibility of beige (c57bl/6/bgj/bgj) mice to a virulent strain of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) (101) by intravenous, intraperitoneal, intranasal, oral, and intrarectal routes. consistent with our earlier findings, intravenous challenge resulted in high mortality and colony-forming unit (cfu) counts of recoverable organisms from spleens, lungs, livers, and lymph nodes, plus high levels of mortality. intraperitoneal challenge resulted in high organ cfu counts but no m ... | 1989 | 2712437 |
| amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem treatment for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection of beige mice. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a common cause of disseminated infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and is increasingly seen as a cause of infection in other immunocompromised patients. traditional antimycobacterial therapy often is ineffective, and there is a clear need for antibiotics with proven activity against the mac. three agents, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem, were tested in vitro for activity against mac strain 101. amikacin was bacteriostatic, ... | 1989 | 2719461 |
| identification and partial characterization of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare by using dna probes. | we attempted to identify the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolated in japan by using dna probes specific for m. avium or mycobacterium intracellulare (gen-probe rapid diagnostic system for mac; gen-probe, inc., san diego, calif.). the source and drug susceptibility distributions were examined. this assay system proved to be rapid, sensitive, specific, and reliable for identification of mac and of the species as either m. avium or m. intracellulare. the dna probe test showed that of the gene ... | 1989 | 2745706 |
| plasmid profiles of mycobacterium avium complex isolated from swine. | twenty strains of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolated from swine and five strains from humans were examined for drug susceptibility and plasmid content. four strains of swine origin and two strains of human origin harbored plasmid dnas differing in molecular weights. no relationship between plasmid contents and drug resistance was observed. southern dna-dna hybridization showed that small plasmids from swine mac strains were homologous to those from human origin at the nucleotide level. | 1989 | 2755365 |
| mycobacterial disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | we compared the clinical features of disease due to tuberculosis and to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in 94 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. tuberculosis preceded the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in 26 (67%) of 39 cases, compared with none of 55 with mac infection. chest roentgenographic findings suggested mycobacterial infection in 24 (83%) of 29 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, compared with 7 (25%) of 28 with mac infection. sputum smears reveal ... | 1989 | 2802887 |
| in-vitro synergistic activity between ethambutol and fluorinated quinolones against mycobacterium avium complex. | ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin were ineffective at clinically relevant concentrations against the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in vitro as measured by radiometric respirometry. only two of 30 clinical isolates of mac were susceptible to any of the tested quinolones. by contrast good antibacterial activity was obtained when any of the quinolones was combined with ethambutol. the synergistic effect was most pronounced for the combination of ethambutol and ciprofloxacin, to which 76 ... | 1989 | 2808189 |
| tumor necrosis factor, alone or in combination with il-2, but not ifn-gamma, is associated with macrophage killing of mycobacterium avium complex. | organisms belonging to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are the most common bacterial pathogens in patients with aids but factors associated with the activation of cellular defense mechanisms against this atypical mycobacterium have not been defined. peritoneal macrophages harvested from a chronic mac infection in c57 black mice are able to kill approximately 86% of intracellular mac in contrast to 0 to 20% killing by unstimulated human and mouse macrophages in vitro. the availability of hu ... | 1988 | 2834450 |
| host defense against mycobacterium-avium complex. | mycobacterium-avium complex (mac) is an intracellular pathogen and the most common cause of widely disseminated bacterial infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). mac is infrequently seen in other immunocompromised adults, suggesting that the host defense defect allowing for mac infection is relatively unique for aids. a system was developed for studying the immune response to mac infection, utilizing mac isolated from patients with aids and monocytes from normal ... | 1988 | 2842366 |
| antimycobacterial activity in vivo of lm427 (rifabutin). | the activity of the rifampin derivative rifabutin (ansamycin; lm427) was tested in vivo against experimental infections of mice with members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and a highly virulent strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis. rifabutin was moderately effective against an environmental serotype 8 strain of mac and of significant effectiveness against low dose aerogenic infections with two strains of higher virulence. the drug was also highly effective in causing the rapid resoluti ... | 1988 | 2849349 |
| mycobacterial diseases. tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex. | pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis occurs in 5 to 35 per cent of aids patients, frequently precedes the diagnosis of aids, and is increasing in incidence. clinically, aids-associated tuberculosis is similar in presentation to progressive, primary tuberculosis and can be treated effectively with standard antituberculous therapy. disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, one of the most common aids-related opportunistic infections, is best diagnosed by special mycobacterial b ... | 1988 | 3060530 |
| [mycobacterioses in patients with hiv infection]. | mycobacterial infections were confirmed in 629 hiv-infected persons (1.4%). five patients had a generalized infection with mycobacterium avium complex (mac), four an extrapulmonary tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tbc). in general, the tuberculosis was the first severe opportunistic infection, while infections with mac were more frequent in patients with already manifest aids. common to all patients were a septic temperature and definite shift to the left of neutrophil granu ... | 1988 | 3130241 |
| effects of surface-active agents on drug susceptibility levels and ultrastructure of mycobacterium avium complex organisms isolated from aids patients. | the multiple-drug-resistance property of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is mainly attributed to a cell envelope permeability barrier. mac treated with subinhibitory levels of dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (disodium salt) (edta) did not have altered minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) levels or show ultrastructural changes; the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) was variable. with sds, the visualization of the nucleoid and ribosomes decreased, and amorpho ... | 1988 | 3146457 |
| action of antituberculous and beta-lactam drugs (including imipenem) against extra- and intra-cellularly growing mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. | the extracellular and intracellular activities of 4 antituberculous drugs (rifampicin, streptomycin, ansamycin and kanamycin) and 7 beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillin g, amoxycillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin and imipenem) were determined against the bacteria of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). the extracellular activities were determined against 14 strains by the broth-dilution method, whereas the intracellular activities were determined against type strain atcc ... | 1988 | 3165640 |
| antibacterial action of amphipathic derivatives of isoniazid against the mycobacterium avium complex. | the antibacterial action of amphipathic derivatives of isoniazid (inh) as compared to the parent hydrophilic molecule was determined against the bacteria of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) using a 7h11 agar-dilution method. the results obtained showed a higher activity of 1-isonicotinyl-2-palmitoyl hydrazine and 1-isonicotinyl-2-(12 hydroxy dodecanoyl) hydrazine as compared to inh. however, when one mannose residue was terminally attached to the fatty acid chain of the latter, it lost its ... | 1988 | 3213317 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a clinicopathologic study. | despite the recognition of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection as a common complication of aids, the specific clinical features, significance, and need for treatment have been difficult to assess. we reviewed the clinical records and autopsy material of 68 patients dying with aids, 32 (47 percent) of whom had mac isolated from autopsy tissue. all had postmortem evidence of systemic infection. eleven (34 percent) had mac isolated from lung tissue. little, if any, local tissue inflammation ... | 1988 | 3359847 |
| mycobacterial infections in aids patients, with an emphasis on the mycobacterium avium complex. | serious infections caused by the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) have been increasingly recognized over the last three decades. however, the epidemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has increased interest in these infections. disseminated mycobacterial disease is common in patients with aids, and mac is the predominant bacterial isolate. indeed, at ucla medical center, mac organisms are now the predominant isolates in both aids- and non-aids-associated mycobacterial disease. m ... | 1986 | 3541122 |
| acid-fast smear and culture of respiratory secretions, bone marrow, and stools as predictors of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection. | disseminated infection caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is common in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and is difficult to treat because of the high degree of resistance to antimycobacterial agents. early diagnosis and treatment may prolong survival of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and mac infection. twenty patients with disseminated mac infection were evaluated for recovery of the organism from bone marrow, bronchial washings or sputum, and stools ... | 1987 | 3584429 |
| phagocytosis and intracellular killing of mycobacterium avium complex by human and murine macrophages. | 1. host defenses against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are poorly defined. peritoneal macrophages from black and beige mice, and cultured human macrophages were infected in vitro with mac serotype 1 from an aids patient, in the presence or absence of normal or convalescent serum. bacteria:cell ratio was 1:10. supernatants and macrophage lysates were cultured 6, 24 and 48 h later to determine the uptake and killing by macrophages. phagocytosis by activated macrophages, obtained from pre-infec ... | 1987 | 3690054 |
| mycobacterium avium complex, an emerging pathogen in massachusetts. | we report a study of 1,953 patients whose laboratory records from 1972 through 1983 at the massachusetts mycobacteria reference laboratory indicated the isolation of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms. at least one clinical specimen from each patient during this period exhibited the organism. the incidence of isolation of mac has increased fivefold since 1972, with a doubling of the number of patients with positive mac specimens from normally sterile sites occurring since 1980. a concom ... | 1985 | 3874880 |
| mycobacterium avium complex (mac): an unusual potential pathogen in cerebrospinal fluid of aids patients. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is frequently isolated from patients with late complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), especially in north america and europe. however, its isolation from the central nervous system (cns) has been seldom reported in these countries. mac infections in aids patients in african and latin american countries are believed to be uncommon. we report the isolation of mac from cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of 11 aids patients out of 1723 (0.63%) seen at "c ... | 1995 | 7481477 |
| the role of tumor necrosis factor, interferon-gamma, transforming growth factor-beta, and nitric oxide in the expression of immunosuppressive functions of splenic macrophages induced by mycobacterium avium complex infection. | in order to verify the participation of some cytokines in the expression of the suppressor activity of splenic macrophages (m phi s) induced by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, we studied whether anticytokine antibodies were capable of blocking their suppressor activity against concanavalin a (cona)-induced mitogenesis of splenocytes (spcs). when either anti-tumor necrosis factor (tnf), anti-transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta), or anti-interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) antibody was ... | 1995 | 7499969 |
| disease due to the mycobacterium avium complex in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: diagnosis and susceptibility testing. | because the symptoms and laboratory abnormalities associated with disseminated disease due to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are nonspecific, diagnosis requires recovery of the organism from blood or other normally sterile body sites. isolation of mac by conventional mycobacterial culture on tubed solid medium generally takes 3-4 weeks. this interval can be decreased to 5-12 days with the radiometric bactec tb system and to 12-19 days with septi-chek afb. for diagnosis of mac bacteremia, ... | 1994 | 7515701 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and mycobacterium avium complex coinfection of monocytoid cells results in reciprocal enhancement of multiplication. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is an important opportunistic infection in aids patients. because cells of macrophage lineage are targets for both human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and mac, the monocytoid cell line u937 was coinfected with both pathogens. coinfected cultures had increased hiv replication (more than threefold at day 6) and an increased percentage of hiv-infected cells compared with cultures infected only with hiv. the kinetics of hiv replication were sig ... | 1995 | 7528254 |
| rapid induction of mrna for nitric oxide synthase ii in rat alveolar macrophages by intratracheal administration of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms are among the most common bacterial cause of disseminated infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). an increase in the incidence of virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is also occurring throughout the world. in vitro data suggest that nitric oxide (no) may be important in restricting the growth of mac. however, the ability of mtb to stimulate no production and the susceptibility of mtb to the bactericidal activity of ... | 1995 | 7536940 |
| laboratory and clinical evaluation of mycobacterium xenopi isolates. | mycobacterium xenopi and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are biochemically similar. to define the laboratory characteristics of m. xenopi that distinguish it from mac, 53 m. xenopi isolates from different areas in the united states and 47 isolates recovered at one hospital were evaluated by 13 biochemical tests, accuprobe mac (gen-probe, inc., san diego, ca, usa), colony morphology, formation of x-colonies, pigmentation in response to light, growth on macconkey agar without crystal violet, and ... | 1995 | 7554801 |
| endogenous interleukin-12 is involved in resistance of mice to mycobacterium avium complex infection. | acquired cellular resistance against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections involves the induction of th1 type gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-producing t cells. interleukin-12 (il-12) is a cytokine involved in the control of ifn-gamma production by t cells and nk cells. the role of il-12 in the response to mac infection was investigated. depletion of endogenous il-12 by injection of monoclonal antibody prior to and during intranasal infection with mac resulted in an 150- to 550-fold increase ... | 1995 | 7558312 |
| mycobacterium avium complex in macaques with aids is associated with a specific strain of simian immunodeficiency virus and prolonged survival after primary infection. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected macaques is a frequent opportunistic infection that shares many features with the condition in human aids patients. a retrospective analysis of necropsies on 135 macaques with siv-induced simian aids that received neither antiretroviral nor antimicrobial therapy revealed that 17% (23/135) were infected with mac. mac developed in 31.3% (21/67) of the animals inoculated with uncloned sivmac251 versus 1.9% (1/53) and ... | 1995 | 7561201 |
| [massive and progressive hepatosplenomegaly caused by disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteriosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | a 28-year-old hemophilia a patient was admitted to our hospital in july, 1991 because of high fever, chronic diarrhea and anemia. the patient had been recognized as a asymptomatic carrier of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in 1985 and had developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and had been diagnosed as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in 1990. hematologic laboratory examinations on admission revealed pancytopenia and a cd4+ cell count of 3/mm3. x-ray findings of chest and abdomen w ... | 1995 | 7564051 |
| [isolation of an acid-alcohol resistant bacillus (baar) in the febrile hiv infected patients: mycobacterium tuberculosis (mt) or mycobacterium avium complex (mac)?]. | the detection of baar in hiv infected patients with cd4 < 100/mm3 and with an infectious syndrome urge on beginning an effective treatment against mycobacterium tuberculosis and/or mycobacterium avium complex, before the results of the culture are known. our purpose was to search clinical and biological features to angle directly the diagnosis towards a tuberculosis or not, and to start the most suitable treatment. this retrospective study, from 1986 to 1993, stated on 54 patients who had at lea ... | 1995 | 7567132 |
| allogeneic bmt in a patient with cml and prior disseminated infection by mycobacterium avium complex. | a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) who developed a disseminated infection by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was successfully treated with rifampin, ethambutol, isoniazid, cycloserin and ciprofloxacin. diagnosis was proven by histologic examination of hepatic biopsy and culture of the liver biopsy material. two years later the patient underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (bmt) from an hla-matched sibling donor. antimycobacterial prophylaxis to mac with ethambutol, cyclos ... | 1995 | 7581120 |
| disseminated disease due to mycobacterium avium complex in aids. | we retrospectively analysed 46 cases of disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) within a cohort of 702 hiv-infected patients in edinburgh. clinical features were compared with case-matched controls (aids cases without disseminated mac), and survival and progression times were controlled for confounding variables that influence survival. disseminated mac was diagnosed antemortem in 18% of aids patients, and was the aids-defining diagnosis in 6% of all aids cases. concomitant ... | 1995 | 7583075 |
| in-vitro activity of oxazolidinones against mycobacterium avium complex. | options for treating disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease have improved. however, efficacy is not always certain, resistance is common and rapidly bactericidal agents would improve efficacy and prevent resistance. certain oxazolidinones were tested against mac strains and inhibited growth at expected serum concentrations or lower. activity correlated with hydrophobicity and one agent was bactericidal at concentrations two to five times greater than the mic. | 1995 | 7592181 |
| [epidemiology of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis (ntm) in japan]. | an epidemiologic study of ntm was conducted by the mycobacteriosis research group of the japanese national chest hospital. the case cards of patients with ntm disease from 97 sanatoriums were studied. the total number of ntm patients newly admitted to these sanatoriums was 3,057 in the 8 years from 1985 to 1992. the number of ntm patients increased each year, and the prevalence was estimated at 2.99 per 10(5) population in 1992, which was double what it had been in 1985. in contrast, the rate of ... | 1994 | 7602834 |
| the role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disease in hiv-infected patients. | pulmonary disease is the most common reason for presentation and the major cause of death in hiv-infected patients. there has been an evolution in the optimal approach to the investigation of a pulmonary infiltrate in hiv-infected patients since the introduction of induced sputum for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1995 | 7605295 |
| [uveitis associated with rifabutin treatment. apropos of 3 patients]. | disseminated mycobacterium-avium complex (mac) infection develops in most patients with aids. we report three cases of anterior uveitis with vitritis in aids patients treated by the combination of rifabutin, clarithromycin and ethambutol for mac bacteremia. uveitis secondary to the introduction of rifabutin treatment is suggested. | 1995 | 7609395 |
| pulmonary disease due to infection by mycobacterium avium complex in patients with aids. | we reviewed the clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of nine patients with aids and pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac). pulmonary mac disease was defined by (1) the isolation of mac from two or more lower respiratory tract specimens or from a single lung biopsy sample, (2) an infiltrate revealed by chest radiography, and (3) the absence of other identified pulmonary pathogens or malignancies. pulmonary mac disease was present in five (2.5%) of 200 patients with ... | 1995 | 7619998 |
| an epidemiologic analysis of mycobacterium avium complex disease in homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | cofactors associated with the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease and its prognosis in incident cases of aids in homosexuals were studied. we compared 51 men in whom mac disease developed as the initial aids-defining illness (termed aids illness hereafter); 157 men who had mac disease subsequent to another aids illness; and 884 men who had only non-mac aids illnesses. mac disease was the initially diagnosed aids illness more often in baltimore (6.9%) and los angeles (5.6%) than in chicago ... | 1995 | 7620006 |
| pentoxifylline impairs macrophage defense against mycobacterium avium complex. | pentoxifylline, a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf) inhibitor, is being tested as a treatment adjunct in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. however, tnf is important in cellular defense. the effect of pentoxifylline on mycobacterium avium complex (mac) growth in exogenously infected macrophages was compared with the effect of dexamethasone. pentoxifylline, in a concentration that decreased mac-induced tnf by 48.1%, enhanced mac growth by 1.9- to 19.6-fold and 1.82- to 4.46-fol ... | 1995 | 7658084 |
| rapid detection and identification of mycobacterium avium by amplification of 16s rrna sequences. | an assay that is based on the amplification of 16s rrna sequences and that was initially developed to detect mycobacterium paratuberculosis in cattle was used to test 20 serotypes of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and atypical mycobacterial species not belonging to mac. only serotypes 1 to 6 and 8 to 11, designated m. avium, were detected by the assay, indicating that it can be used for the rapid detection and identification of m. avium. the results of the assay for clinical samples from ... | 1993 | 7691877 |