| virulence of avian influenza a viruses for squirrel monkeys. | ten serologically distinct avian influenza a viruses were administered to squirrel monkeys and hamsters to compare their replication and virulence with those of human influenza a virus, a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2). in squirrel monkeys, the 10 avian influenza a viruses exhibited a spectrum of replication and virulence. the levels of virus replication and clinical response were closely correlated. two viruses, a/mallard/ny/6874/78 (h3n2) and a/pintail/alb/121/79 (h7n8), resembled the human virus in thei ... | 1982 | 7129631 |
| isolation of myxoviruses from migratory waterfowls in san-in district, western japan in winters of 1997-2000. | between november 1997 and february 2000, winter migratory waterfowls of several species staying in san-in district, western japan were surveyed for influenza a virus and paramyxovirus at four stations. a total of 18 influenza a viruses was isolated from 1,404 fecal samples of whistling swans, pintails, mallards, and white-fronted geese. five different hemagglutinins and eight neuraminidases were identified in the viruses isolated, in 11 different combinations, including h7n8 related to a subtype ... | 2002 | 12499693 |
| generation of reassortant influenza vaccines by reverse genetics that allows utilization of a diva (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) strategy for the control of avian influenza. | vaccination of poultry with inactivated influenza vaccine can be an effective tool in the control of avian influenza (ai). one major concern of using inactivated vaccine is vaccine-induced antibody interference with serologic surveillance and epidemiology. in the united states, low pathogenicity h5 and h7 subtype ai viruses have caused serious economic losses in the poultry industry. most of these viruses also have the accompanying n2 subtype and no h5n1 or h7n8 subtype ai viruses have been iden ... | 2004 | 15297071 |
| summary of avian influenza activity in europe, asia, and africa, 2006-2009. | events during the period extending from 2006 to 2009 have been overshadowed by the ongoing panzootic with h5n1 (highly pathogenic notifiable avian influenza [hpnai]), which has afflicted 63 countries and three continents (africa, asia, and europe) during the review period. two countries, indonesia and egypt, have formally declared the disease endemic to the world organisation for animal health, while others have used a variety of approaches aimed at containment, control, and eradication. these a ... | 2010 | 20521631 |
| surveillance and identification of influenza a viruses in wild aquatic birds in the crimea, ukraine (2006-2008). | the ecology of avian influenza (ai) viruses in wild aquatic birds of asia is poorly understood, especially for the h5n1 high pathogenicity ai (hpai) viruses. from march 2006 through november 2008, 20 ai viruses were isolated in the crimea region of ukraine with an overall frequency of virus recovery of 3.3%. all the viruses were isolated from three species of dabbling ducks: mallard (anas platyrhynchos), wigeon (anas penelope), and garganey (anas querquedula), making the frequency of virus recov ... | 2010 | 20945793 |
| low pathogenic influenza a viruses in north american diving ducks contribute to the emergence of a novel highly pathogenic influenza a(h7n8) virus. | introductions of low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses of subtypes h5 and h7 into poultry from wild birds have the potential to mutate to highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai), but such viruses' origins are often unclear. in january 2016, a novel h7n8 hpai virus caused an outbreak in turkeys in indiana, usa. to determine the virus's origin, we sequenced genomes of 441 wild bird-origin influenza a viruses (iavs) from north america and subjected them to evolutionary analyses. results sh ... | 2017 | 28202755 |
| pathogenesis and transmission assessments of two h7n8 influenza a viruses recently isolated from turkey farms in indiana using mouse and ferret models. | avian influenza a h7 viruses have caused multiple outbreaks in domestic poultry throughout north america, resulting in occasional infections of humans in close contact with affected birds. in early 2016, the presence of h7n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses and closely related h7n8 low-pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses was confirmed in commercial turkey farms in indiana. these h7n8 viruses represent the first isolation of this subtype in domestic poultry in north america, ... | 2016 | 27681133 |
| outbreak of h7n8 low pathogenic avian influenza in commercial turkeys with spontaneous mutation to highly pathogenic avian influenza. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) subtype h7n8 was detected in commercial turkeys in january 2016. control zone surveillance discovered a progenitor low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) virus in surrounding turkey flocks. data analysis supports a single lpai virus introduction followed by spontaneous mutation to hpai on a single premises. | 2016 | 27313288 |