| linkage map of protein-protein interactions of porcine teschovirus. | a yeast two-hybrid study was conducted to catalogue the protein-protein interactions of the porcine teschovirus non-structural proteins. five homodimer, three reciprocal heterodimer and four unidirectional heterodimer interactions were observed. while several interactions are similar to those described in previous studies using enteroviruses, such as homo- and heterodimeric interactions of the 2b, 3cd and 3d proteins, several were not found previously. among these is the binding of the leader pr ... | 2005 | 16186230 |
| functional analyses of rna structures shared between the internal ribosome entry sites of hepatitis c virus and the picornavirus porcine teschovirus 1 talfan. | the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of porcine teschovirus 1 (ptv-1), a member of the picornaviridae family, is quite distinct from other well-characterized picornavirus ires elements, but it displays functional similarities to the ires from hepatitis c virus (hcv), a member of the flaviviridae family. in particular, a dominant negative mutant form of eif4a does not inhibit the activity of the ptv-1 ires. furthermore, there is a high level (ca. 50%) of identity between the ptv-1 and hcv ires ... | 2006 | 16415004 |
| immunohistochemical detection of porcine teschovirus antigen in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from pigs experimentally infected with porcine teschovirus. | porcine teschovirus (ptv) antigens were detected by a streptavidin-biotin complex method in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 3-week-old pigs that had been inoculated intravenously with ptv talfan strain. ptv antigens were detected in cytoplasm of nerve cells, glial cells and endothelial cells in the cerebellar nuclei, the grey matter of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata and the ventral horn of the spinal cord and of ganglion cells in the spinal ganglion corresponding to those l ... | 2007 | 18045341 |
| the picornavirus avian encephalomyelitis virus possesses a hepatitis c virus-like internal ribosome entry site element. | avian encephalomyelitis virus (aev) is a picornavirus that causes disease in poultry worldwide, and flocks must be vaccinated for protection. aev is currently classified within the hepatovirus genus, since its proteins are most closely related to those of hepatitis a virus (hav). we now provide evidence that the 494-nucleotide-long 5' untranslated region of the aev genome contains an internal ribosome entry site (ires) element that functions efficiently in vitro and in mammalian cells. unlike th ... | 2008 | 18077729 |
| expression of heterologous genes in oncolytic adenoviruses using picornaviral 2a sequences that trigger ribosome skipping. | insertion of picornaviral 2a sequences into mrnas causes ribosomes to skip formation of a peptide bond at the junction of the 2a and downstream sequences, leading to the production of two proteins from a single open reading frame. adenoviral protein ix is a minor capsid protein that has been used to display foreign peptides on the surface of the capsid. we have used 2a sequences from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and porcine teschovirus 1 (ptv-1) to express protein ix (pix) and green f ... | 2008 | 18198369 |
| a piglet with concurrent polioencephalomyelitis due to porcine teschovirus and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | a piglet developed respiratory distress followed by difficulty in standing and unsteady gait. the lesions were characterized by polioencephalomyelitis with the predominant distribution in the brain stem, as well as lymphocyte depletion and histiocyte infiltration with cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the lymphoid tissues throughout the body and interstitial pneumonia. porcine teschovirus (ptv) antigens were found in the former lesions and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) in the latter two lesions. ptv ... | 2008 | 18525174 |
| monocistronic mrnas containing defective hepatitis c virus-like picornavirus internal ribosome entry site elements in their 5' untranslated regions are efficiently translated in cells by a cap-dependent mechanism. | the initiation of protein synthesis on mrnas within eukaryotic cells is achieved either by a 5' cap-dependent mechanism or through internal initiation directed by an internal ribosome entry site (ires). picornavirus ires elements, located in the 5' untranslated region (5'utr), contain extensive secondary structure and multiple upstream aug codons. these features can be expected to inhibit cap-dependent initiation of translation. however, we have now shown that certain mutant hepatitis c virus-li ... | 2008 | 18567818 |
| development and laboratory evaluation of a lateral flow device for the detection of swine vesicular disease virus in clinical samples. | a lateral flow device (lfd) for the detection of swine vesicular disease (svd) virus (svdv) and differential diagnosis from foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) was developed using a monoclonal antibody (mab c70). the performance of the lfd was evaluated in the laboratory on suspensions of vesicular epithelia and cell culture passage derived supernatants of svdv and porcine teschovirus (enterovirus; pev). the collection of test samples included 157 which were positive for svdv (84 vesicular epithelial s ... | 2010 | 19819260 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of vp1 of porcine enteric picornaviruses isolates in italy. | porcine enterovirus (pev), porcine teschovirus and porcine sapelovirus, belonging to the family picornaviridae, are ubiquitous and mainly cause asymptomatic infections in pigs. in this study, a total of 40 italian porcine picornavirus isolates were characterized by sequencing the capsid vp1-encoding gene. this procedure turned out to be a useful diagnostic tool for the molecular identification of porcine enterovirus, teschovirus and sapelovirus strains and for the study of molecular epidemiology ... | 2010 | 21040508 |
| high cleavage efficiency of a 2a peptide derived from porcine teschovirus-1 in human cell lines, zebrafish and mice. | when expression of more than one gene is required in cells, bicistronic or multicistronic expression vectors have been used. among various strategies employed to construct bicistronic or multicistronic vectors, an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) has been widely used. due to the large size and difference in expression levels between genes before and after ires, however, a new strategy was required to replace ires. a self-cleaving 2a peptide could be a good candidate to replace ires because o ... | 2011 | 21602908 |
| Duck Hepatitis A Virus Possesses a Distinct Type IV Internal Ribosome Entry Site Element of Picornavirus. | Sequence analysis of duck hepatitis virus type 1 (DHV-1) led to its classification as the only member of a new genus, Avihepatovirus, of the family Picornaviridae, and so was renamed duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV). The 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) plays an important role in translation initiation and RNA synthesis of the picornavirus. Here, we provide evidence that the 651-nucleotide (nt)-long 5' UTR of DHAV genome contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element that functions efficien ... | 2012 | 22090106 |
| a multiplex rt-pcr for rapid and simultaneous detection of porcine teschovirus, classical swine fever virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in clinical specimens. | a multiplex rt-pcr (mrt-pcr) assay was developed and evaluated for its ability to detect multiple viral infections of swine simultaneously. one pair of primers was selected carefully for each of the following three rna viruses: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), and porcine teschovirus (ptv). each target produced a specific amplicon with a size of 451bp (prrsv), 343bp (csfv), or 163bp (ptv). the sensitivity of the mrt-pcr using purifi ... | 2010 | 21192983 |
| genotyping of porcine teschovirus from nervous tissue of pigs with and without polioencephalomyelitis in indiana. | porcine teschovirus (ptv) was isolated in cell culture and/or demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction in samples of brain and/or spinal cord in pigs in indiana during the 2002-2007 period. testing was initiated on pigs originating from populations exhibiting nervous clinical disease and/or pigs with microscopic lesions in central nervous tissues, indicating viral encephalitis and/or myelitis. virus was demonstrated in pigs with and without lesions as well as with and without nervous clinical d ... | 2010 | 20622231 |
| isolation of serotype 2 porcine teschovirus in china: evidence of natural recombination. | porcine teschovirus (ptv), the pathogen of porcine polioencephalomyelitis, is a member of the family picornaviridae. in this study, a new ptv strain (designated as jf613) was isolated from pigs in china. it was confirmed by the specific cpe on susceptible cells, rt-pcr and nucleotide sequencing. analysis of its amino acids sequence of complete polyprotein indicated that the isolate belongs to serotype 2. genetic recombination is a well-known phenomenon for picornavirus which has been demonstrate ... | 2010 | 20537819 |
| isolation and characterization of the first chinese strain of porcine teschovirus-8. | investigations were carried out to identify the causal agent of acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, and death of pigs on a swine farm in jilin province, northern china. only porcine teschovirus (ptv, designated as ptv-8 jilin/2003) was isolated from samples of organs. the presence of ptv was confirmed by the production of a specific cytopathic effect on susceptible cells and by the results of the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma), polymerase chain reaction, and electron microscopy. other ... | 2010 | 20362007 |
| a new nanopcr molecular assay for detection of porcine bocavirus. | nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanopcr) is a novel method for the rapid amplification of dna and has been used for the detection of virus. for detection of porcine bocavirus (pbov), a sensitive and specific nanopcr assay was developed with a pair of primers that were designed based on ns1 gene sequences available in genbank. under the optimized conditions of the pbov nanopcr assay, the nanopcr assay was 100-fold more sensitive than a conventional pcr assay. the lower detection ... | 2014 | 24642242 |
| a nanoparticle-assisted pcr assay to improve the sensitivity for rapid detection and differentiation of wild-type pseudorabies virus and gene-deleted vaccine strains. | nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanopcr) is a novel method for the rapid amplification of dna and has been adopted for the detection of virus because of its simplicity, rapidity, and specificity. a nanopcr assay was developed to detect and differentiate wild-type and gene-deleted pseudorabies virus (prv). three pairs of primers for nanopcr developed in this study were selected from conserved regions of prv, producing specific amplicons of 431 bp (gb), 316 bp (ge), and 202 bp (gg ... | 2013 | 23872268 |
| influence of the hepatitis c virus 3'-untranslated region on ires-dependent and cap-dependent translation initiation. | translation of hepatitis c virus (hcv) genomic rna is directed by an internal ribosome entry site (ires) in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr), and the hcv 3'-utr enhances ires activity. since the hcv 3'-utr has a unique structure among 3'-utrs, we checked possible communication between the 5'- and the 3'-utr of hcv during translation using chimeric reporter rnas. we show that translation directed by the hcv ires and by the hcv-like ires of porcine teschovirus (ptv) which belongs to a quite dis ... | 2010 | 20079737 |
| conserved functional domains and a novel tertiary interaction near the pseudoknot drive translational activity of hepatitis c virus and hepatitis c virus-like internal ribosome entry sites. | the translational activity of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) internal ribosome entry site (ires) and other hcv-like ires rnas depends on structured rna elements in domains ii and iii, which serve to recruit the ribosomal 40s subunit, eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 3 and the ternary eif2/met-trna(i)(met)/gtp complex and subsequently domain ii assists subunit joining. porcine teschovirus-1 talfan (ptv-1) is a member of the picornaviridae family, with a predicted hcv-like secondary structure, but ... | 2009 | 19596815 |
| pathological changes in pigs experimentally infected with porcine teschovirus. | nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis with neurological signs expressed as flaccid paralysis of the hindlimbs was experimentally induced in three-week-old piglets by a single intravenous injection of the toyama 2002 strain of porcine teschovirus (ptv) isolated from field pigs in japan. lesions characterized by perivascular cuffing of mononuclear cells, focal gliosis, neuronal necrosis and neuronophagia were observed, mainly in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. nonsuppurative ganglionitis of the sp ... | 2009 | 19570545 |
| expression of cry1ab and cry2ab by a polycistronic transgene with a self-cleavage peptide in rice. | insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystal protein is a major threat to the long-term use of transgenic bt crops. gene stacking is a readily deployable strategy to delay the development of insect resistance while it may also broaden insecticidal spectrum. here, we report the creation of transgenic rice expressing discrete cry1ab and cry2ab simultaneously from a single expression cassette using 2a self-cleaving peptides, which are autonomous elements from virus guiding the polycistr ... | 2014 | 25333312 |
| a sensitive and specific nanoparticle-assisted pcr assay for rapid detection of porcine parvovirus. | a novel nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanopcr) assay to detect porcine parvovirus (ppv) is described here. primers for this assay were designed based on the conserved region of the nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) gene of ppv, which encodes one of the nonstructural proteins. the sensitivity of the ppv nanopcr assay was measured by using diluted recombinant plasmids in which the ppv ns1 gene had been inserted. the detection limit was 5.6 × 10(1) copies μl(-1) for the ppv nanopcr a ... | 2014 | 24117951 |
| polycistronic lentiviral vector for "hit and run" reprogramming of adult skin fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. | we report the derivation of induced pluripotent stem (ips) cells from adult skin fibroblasts using a single, polycistronic lentiviral vector encoding the reprogramming factors oct4, sox2, and klf4. porcine teschovirus-1 2a sequences that trigger ribosome skipping were inserted between human cdnas for these factors, and the polycistron was subcloned downstream of the elongation factor 1 alpha promoter in a self-inactivating (sin) lentiviral vector containing a loxp site in the truncated 3' long t ... | 2009 | 19415770 |
| divergent picornavirus ires elements. | internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements were first identified about 20 years ago within the 5' untranslated region of picornavirus rnas. they direct a cap-independent mechanism of translation initiation on the viral rna. within the picornavirus family it is now known that there are four classes of ires element which vary in size (450-270 nt), they also have different, complex, secondary structures and distinct requirements for cellular proteins to allow them to function. this review describ ... | 2009 | 18675861 |
| immunohistochemical distribution of viral antigens in pigs naturally infected with porcine teschovirus. | a distribution of porcine teschovirus (ptv) antigens in pigs naturally infected with ptv is presented using the method of immunohistochemical examination. in the nervous system, ptv antigens were found in the cytoplasm of neuronal cells and glial cells distributed in the spinal ventral horn and brain stem, and also in the cytoplasm of ganglion cells in the spinal ganglion. no antigens were seen in the cerebral hemisphere. in the nervous system, the distribution of ptv antigens was consistent wit ... | 2008 | 18388434 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of a porcine teschovirus 1 isolate from china. | porcine teschovirus 1 (ptv-1) (swine/ch/imh/03) was isolated from piglets in a farm in inner mongolia province, p.r. china. it was confirmed by electron microscopy, rt-pcr, and sequencing. comparison of the sequences of the amino acid and nucleotides and phylogenetic analysis of the polyprotein showed that ptv swine/ch/imh/03 strain is ptv-1. the isolated virus has closest relationship with talfan strain, they shared 98.9% and 99.5% homology of amino acids and nucleotides, respectively, in the o ... | 2007 | 17432938 |
| a distinct group of hepacivirus/pestivirus-like internal ribosomal entry sites in members of diverse picornavirus genera: evidence for modular exchange of functional noncoding rna elements by recombination. | the 5' untranslated regions (utrs) of the rna genomes of flaviviridae of the hepacivirus and pestivirus genera contain internal ribosomal entry sites (iress) that are unrelated to the two principal classes of iress of picornaviridae. the mechanism of translation initiation on hepacivirus/pestivirus (hp) iress, which involves factor-independent binding to ribosomal 40s subunits, also differs fundamentally from initiation on these picornavirus iress. ribosomal binding to hp iress requires conserve ... | 2007 | 17392358 |
| molecular analysis of duck hepatitis virus type 1. | the genome sequence of a duck hepatitis virus type 1 (dhv-1) strain was determined. comparative sequence analysis showed that the genome possesses a typical picornarivus organization and also exhibits several unique features, such as the similarity of internal ribosome entry site to that of porcine teschovirus 1 and hepatitis c virus, the presence of a longest 3' untranslated region and a shorter leader protein in the picornaviridae, the absence of a predicted maturation cleavage of vp0, the ass ... | 2007 | 17300822 |
| antigenic properties of porcine teschovirus 1 (ptv-1) talfan strain and molecular strategy for serotyping of ptvs. | for reliable diagnosis of porcine teschovirus (ptv) infection we created an rt-pcr-based molecular strategy for serotyping that encompassed the dominant neutralizing antigenic site of ptv, followed by phylogenetic analyses of amplicons. we identified neutralizing antigenic sites of ptv-1 talfan strain through epitope mapping of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs), using synthetic peptides spanning the capsid proteins. all 11 mabs obtained recognized peptides in the ef loop ("puff") of vp2 ... | 2007 | 17265104 |
| cleavage efficient 2a peptides for high level monoclonal antibody expression in cho cells. | linking the heavy chain (hc) and light chain (lc) genes required for monoclonal antibodies (mab) production on a single cassette using 2a peptides allows control of lc and hc ratio and reduces non-expressing cells. four 2a peptides derived from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (f2a), equine rhinitis a virus (e2a), porcine teschovirus-1 (p2a) and thosea asigna virus (t2a), respectively, were compared for expression of 3 biosimilar igg1 mabs in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell lines. hc and lc wer ... | 2015 | 25621616 |
| validation of rt-pcr assays for molecular characterization of porcine teschoviruses and enteroviruses. | porcine enteroviruses (pevs) and teschoviruses (ptvs) are described as causative agents of neurological disorders, fertility disorders and dermal lesions of swine. difficulties in the serological detection of these viruses may lead to a significant underestimation of infections with clinical symptoms. with the recent availability of genome sequence data for all the serotypes, molecular diagnosis is a possibility. the present study describes a new approach to molecular 'serotyping' of ptvs and pe ... | 2006 | 16907956 |
| hepatitis c virus-related internal ribosome entry sites are found in multiple genera of the family picornaviridae. | the internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements from porcine enterovirus 8 and simian virus 2, two members of a proposed new genus within the family picornaviridae, were characterized. these ires elements, in common with the porcine teschovirus 1 ires, were found to be related functionally and structurally to the ires element from hepatitis c virus, a member of the family flaviviridae. partial secondary structure predictions were derived and functional assays demonstrated that these ires elemen ... | 2006 | 16528042 |
| enterovirus encephalomyelitis in pigs in japan caused by porcine teschovirus. | | 2004 | 15478502 |
| functional and structural similarities between the internal ribosome entry sites of hepatitis c virus and porcine teschovirus, a picornavirus. | initiation of protein synthesis on picornavirus rna requires an internal ribosome entry site (ires). typically, picornavirus ires elements contain about 450 nucleotides (nt) and use most of the cellular translation initiation factors. however, it is now shown that just 280 nt of the porcine teschovirus type 1 talfan (ptv-1) 5' untranslated region direct the efficient internal initiation of translation in vitro and within cells. in toeprinting assays, assembly of 48s preinitiation complexes from ... | 2004 | 15078929 |
| detection of porcine teschovirus and enterovirus type ii by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | porcine enteroviruses (pevs) have been recognized as the causative agents of various clinical manifestations such as fertility disorders, neurological defects, and dermal lesions in pigs. currently, the diagnosis of pev infection is carried out by virus isolation, which although useful, is labor- and time-intensive. the present investigation describes the development of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of pevs of cytopathic ef ... | 2002 | 12423029 |
| unique characteristics of a picornavirus internal ribosome entry site from the porcine teschovirus-1 talfan. | the teschoviruses constitute a recently defined picornavirus genus. most of the genome sequence of the porcine teschovirus-1 (ptv) talfan and several other strains is known. we now demonstrate that initiation of protein synthesis occurs at nucleotide (nt) 412 on the ptv talfan rna and that nt 1 to 405 contains an internal ribosome entry site (ires) that functions efficiently in vitro and within mammalian cells. in comparison with other picornavirus ires elements, the ptv ires is relatively short ... | 2002 | 12388732 |
| porcine teschoviruses comprise at least eleven distinct serotypes: molecular and evolutionary aspects. | nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 10 recognized prototype strains of the porcine enterovirus (pev) cytopathic effect (cpe) group i reveals a close relationship of the viral genomes to the previously sequenced strain f65, supporting the concept of a reclassification of this virus group into a new picornavirus genus. also, nucleotide sequences of the polyprotein-encoding genome region or the p1 region of 28 historic strains and recent field isolates were determined. the data sugge ... | 2001 | 11160660 |
| development of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of porcine teschovirus. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a sensitive method for dna amplification. in the present report, the development of a single-tube, one-step, real-time accelerated reverse transcription (rt)-lamp for the detection of porcine teschovirus (ptv) is described. six designed primers amplified target gene sequences successfully at constant temperature (65 °c) within 1 hr, and the amplification results could be visualized directly by the naked eye. the sensitivity of the lamp was 10 times ... | 2011 | 21908281 |
| analyzing the genetic diversity of teschoviruses in spanish pig populations using complete vp1 sequences. | porcine teschoviruses (ptvs) have been previously shown to be the most abundant cytopathic viruses found in swine feces. in the present study, the diversity of ptvs was studied, using ptv isolates collected between 2004 and 2009 in a wide territory in spain. in order to characterize genetically the isolates, phylogeny reconstructions were made using maximum likelihood and bayesian inference methods, based on the 1d (vp1) gene, and including sequences available in public databases. the phylogenet ... | 2011 | 21983686 |
| evaluation of a fluorogenic real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method for the specific detection of all known serotypes of porcine teschoviruses. | performance of a real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction method for the rapid, simple and reliable detection of porcine teschovirus (ptv) was assessed. the method was based on the use of a set of oligonucleotides consisting of two specific primers and a fluorogenic taqman-mgb probe. reverse transcription and pcr reactions were performed sequentially in one step. as a result the whole procedure was simple and rapid, taking less than 3h for completion. the method reacted in a dos ... | 2011 | 21663764 |
| porcine teschovirus polioencephalomyelitis in western canada. | beginning in 2002, a small number of pig farms in western canada began reporting 4-7-week-old pigs with bilateral hind-end paresis or paralysis. low numbers of pigs were affected, some died, most had to be euthanized, and those that survived had reduced weight gains and neurological deficits. necropsies revealed no gross lesions, but microscopic lesions consisted of a nonsuppurative polioencephalomyelitis, most severe in the brain stem and spinal cord. the lesions were most consistent with a vir ... | 2011 | 21398466 |
| teschoviruses and sapeloviruses in faecal samples from wild boar in spain. | teschovirus and sapelovirus are two genera of the picornaviridae family, comprising highly variable and heterogeneous enteric viruses, commonly found in faecal samples from domestic pigs. although both of them are also known to infect wild boar, studies on their presence in these wild suids are scarce. the present study aimed at determining the presence of porcine teschovirus (ptv) and sapelovirus (psv) in free-living wild boar populations, as well as to study their relationships with similar vi ... | 2012 | 23265238 |
| "self-cleaving" 2a peptide from porcine teschovirus-1 mediates cleavage of dual fluorescent proteins in transgenic eimeria tenella. | the "self-cleaving" 2a sequence of picornavirus, which mediates ribosome-skipping events, enables the generation of two or more separate peptide products from one mrna containing one or more "self-cleaving" 2a sequences. in this study, we introduced a single 2a sequence of porcine teschovirus-1 (p2a) linked to two fluorescent protein genes, the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eyfp) gene and the red fluorescent protein (rfp) gene, in a single cassette into transgenic eimeria tenella (eter). ... | 2016 | 27352927 |
| porcine teschovirus in wild boars in hungary. | the genus teschovirus, family picornaviridae, currently includes 12 serotypes (ptv 1 to 12) isolated from swine. ptvs have been well studied in domestic pigs, but knowledge about ptvs in wild boars is deficient. here, we report the first complete ptv genome sequence from 7 (70 %) of 10 fecal samples of wild boar piglets (sus scrofa) by rt-pcr and pyrosequencing. analysis of the wild boar ptv strain wb2c-tv/2011/hun (jq429405) showed considerable difference, especially in vp1 (66-74 % amino acid ... | 2012 | 22569887 |
| diagnosis of porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis in the republic of haiti. | in february and march 2009, approximately 1,500 backyard pigs of variable age became sick, and approximately 700 of them died or were euthanized in the lower artibonite valley and the lower plateau of the republic of haiti. the main clinical sign was posterior ataxia followed by paresis and/or paralysis on the second or third day of illness. no gross lesions were observed at postmortem examinations. the morbidity and mortality were approximately 60% and 40%, respectively. diagnostic samples (who ... | 2012 | 22604774 |
| expression of enterovirus 71 virus-like particles in transgenic enoki (flammulina velutipes). | no commercial vaccines are currently available for enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection. oral virus-like particle (vlp) vaccines are regarded as a better choice for prevention from food-borne diseases compared with injected whole virus vaccines. unfortunately, the application of oral vlp vaccines produced from transgenic plants was limited due to the concerns of gene contamination. alternatively, using transgenic mushrooms retains the advantages of transgenic plants and tremendously reduce risks of g ... | 2015 | 25957149 |
| enhancement of heterologous gene expression in flammulina velutipes using polycistronic vectors containing a viral 2a cleavage sequence. | agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation for edible mushrooms has been previously established. however, the enhancement of heterologous protein production and the expression of multi-target genes remains a challenge. in this study, heterologous protein expression in the enoki mushroom flammulina velutipes was notably enhanced using 2a peptide-mediated cleavage to co-express multiple copies of single gene. the polycistronic expression vectors were constructed by connecting multi copies o ... | 2013 | 23516605 |
| a real-time pcr to detect and analyze virulent emcv loads in sows and piglets. | a real-time polymerase chain reaction with sybr green was developed for the detection and quantification of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) in porcine tissues; the method uses two primers specific for the 3d gene. the detection limit of this assay was 22 gene copies/reaction, equivalent to 0.001 tcid(50)/ml. the assay was linear over a 10(7) dilution range of template concentrations and was specific for emcv; it did not amplify other porcine pathogens (porcine circovirus 2, porcine reproductiv ... | 2012 | 22752806 |
| [construction of a general piggybac transposon inducible cell immortalization vector and verification of its basic properties]. | in order to construct generally efficient cell immortalization vector, ptp-htert, we modified the traditional piggybac (pb) transposon using artificial synthesis, pcr and enzyme digestion. the modified vector contained the necessary transposon elements, a pb transposase expression cassette, a co-expression selectable element and a human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert) expression cassette. the co-expression selectable element had two markers, enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gen ... | 2014 | 25423748 |
| single virus detection by means of atomic force microscopy in combination with advanced image analysis. | in the present contribution virions of five different virus species, namely varicella-zoster virus, porcine teschovirus, tobacco mosaic virus, coliphage m13 and enterobacteria phage psp3, are investigated using atomic force microscopy (afm). from the resulting height images quantitative features like maximal height, area and volume of the viruses could be extracted and compared to reference values. subsequently, these features were accompanied by image moments, which quantify the morphology of t ... | 2014 | 25196422 |
| the survey of porcine teschoviruses, sapeloviruses and enteroviruses b infecting domestic pigs and wild boars in the czech republic between 2005 and 2011. | this study presents results of epidemiological survey and genetic characterisation of porcine enteric picornaviruses belonging to the genera teschovirus, sapelovirus, and porcine enterovirus b. faecal or gut content samples from domestic pigs (sus scrofa f. domestica) and the cecal content of wild boars (sus scrofa) of different ages (collected between 2005 and 2011) were analysed by molecular methods. porcine enterovirus b was the most prevalent virus detected in both domestic pigs and wild boa ... | 2012 | 22579481 |
| diversity of picornaviruses in rural bolivia. | the family picornaviridae is a large and diverse group of viruses that infect humans and animals. picornaviruses are among the most common infections of humans and cause a wide spectrum of acute human disease. this study began as an investigation of acute flaccid paralysis (afp) in a small area of eastern bolivia, where surveillance had identified a persistently high afp rate in children. stools were collected and diagnostic studies ruled out poliovirus. we tested stool specimens from 51 afp cas ... | 2013 | 23804569 |
| epidemiological survey of enteric viruses in wild boars in the czech republic: first evidence of close relationship between wild boar and human rotavirus a strains. | population of wild boar is increasing in the whole europe, the animals migrate close to human habitats which greatly increases the possibility of natural transmission between domestic animals or humans and wild boars. the aim of the study was to estimate in population of free-living wild boar in the czech republic the prevalence of enteric viral pathogens, namely rotavirus groups a and c (rva and rvc), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), and members of family coronavirid ... | 2016 | 27599927 |
| [new classification of enteroviruses of pigs: serological and molecular genetic aspects]. | due to changes in modern classification and nomenclature family picornaviridae made by the international committee of taxonomy of viruses, conducted genetic and serological reclassification of 36 industrial, typical and laboratory strains porcine enteroviruses isolated in ukraine. the results of molecular genetic studies of 34 strains assigned to the family picornaviridae, genus teschovirus, species porcine teschovirus, 2 strains of virus did not engage in polymerase chain reaction with species ... | 2014 | 25199345 |
| first report of porcine teschovirus (ptv), porcine sapelovirus (psv) and enterovirus g (ev-g) in pig herds of brazil. | porcine teschovirus (ptv), porcine sapelovirus (psv) and enterovirus g (ev-g) have been associated with enteric, respiratory, reproductive and neurological disorders. although brazil is the world's fourth largest producer and exporter of pork, no information on the occurrence of ptv, psv and ev-g infections is available for brazilian pig herds. this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of porcine enteric picornavirus infections in pig farms located in three distinct geographical regions of ... | 2014 | 24362793 |
| rearrangement of influenza virus spliced segments for the development of live-attenuated vaccines. | influenza viral infections represent a serious public health problem, with influenza virus causing a contagious respiratory disease which is most effectively prevented through vaccination. segments 7 (m) and 8 (ns) of the influenza virus genome encode mrna transcripts that are alternatively spliced to express two different viral proteins. this study describes the generation, using reverse genetics, of three different recombinant influenza a/puerto rico/8/1934 (pr8) h1n1 viruses containing m or n ... | 2016 | 27122587 |
| survival of porcine teschovirus as a surrogate virus on pork chops during storage at 2°c. | due to the lack of an efficient cultivation system, little is known about the stability and inactivation of hepatitis e virus (hev). in addition, there is a lack of information on which cultivable virus(es) are suitable as model or surrogate viruses for hev. murine norovirus (mnv) and f-rna coliphage ms2 are potential surrogates and f-rna coliphages are a potential indicator for enteric viruses. however, the numbers of f-rna coliphages excreted by swine are relatively low. in contrast, porcine t ... | 2015 | 25461604 |
| a manual and an automatic ters based virus discrimination. | rapid techniques for virus identification are more relevant today than ever. conventional virus detection and identification strategies generally rest upon various microbiological methods and genomic approaches, which are not suited for the analysis of single virus particles. in contrast, the highly sensitive spectroscopic technique tip-enhanced raman spectroscopy (ters) allows the characterisation of biological nano-structures like virions on a single-particle level. in this study, the feasibil ... | 2015 | 25686406 |
| epidemiological survey of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine farms in shanghai, china. | an epidemiological survey of porcine diarrheal disease prevalence between september 2011 and january 2012 revealed that porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) contributed to outbreaks of diarrhea in pig farms in shanghai, china. the distribution profile of 10 pedv strains revealed three distinct genotypes coexisting in the same pig farm. two of the ten field strains that were isolated exhibited a distinct evolution from the others. in addition to pedv, other enteric pathogens, including porcine ... | 2013 | 23685898 |
| f-coliphages, porcine adenovirus and porcine teschovirus as potential indicator viruses of fecal contamination for pork carcass processing. | there are concerns about the zoonotic transmission of viruses through undercooked pork products. there is a lack of information on suitable indicator viruses for fecal contamination with pathogenic enteric viruses in the meat processing chain. the study compared the incidence and levels of contamination of hog carcasses with f-coliphages, porcine teschovirus (ptv), and porcine adenovirus (padv) at different stages of the dressing process to assess their potential as indicator viruses of fecal co ... | 2017 | 27810445 |
| the survey of porcine teschoviruses, porcine circovirus and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus infecting piglets in clinical specimens in china. | a multiplex pcr assay was developed and evaluated for its ability to simultaneously detect three viral infections of swine. specific primers were carefully selected from articles published for each of the following three viruses: porcine circovirus type ii (pcv2), porcine teschovirus (ptv) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). each target produced a specific amplicon with a size of 353 bp (pcv2), 168 bp (ptv) and 499 bp (tgev). the sensitivity of the multiplex pcr using purifie ... | 2013 | 23224864 |
| detection of a novel sapelovirus in central nervous tissue of pigs with polioencephalomyelitis in the usa. | an approximately 3,000 finishing swine operation in the united states experienced an outbreak of an atypical neurologic disease in 11-weeks-old pigs with an overall morbidity of 20% and case fatality rate of 30%. the clinical onset and progression of signs in affected pigs varied but included inappetence, compromised ambulation, ataxia, incoordination, mental dullness, paresis, paralysis and decreased response to environmental stimuli. tissues from affected pigs were submitted for diagnostic inv ... | 2017 | 28160432 |
| comparing lamin proteins post-translational relative stability using a 2a peptide-based system reveals elevated resistance of progerin to cellular degradation. | nuclear lamins are the major components of the nuclear lamina at the periphery of the nucleus, supporting the nuclear envelope and participating in many nuclear processes, including dna replication, transcription and chromatin organization. a group of diseases, the laminopathies, is associated with mutations in lamin genes. one of the most striking cases is hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome (hgps) which is the consequence of a lamin a dominant negative mutant named progerin. due to the abnorm ... | 2016 | 27929926 |
| complete coding genome sequence of a putative novel teschovirus serotype 12 strain. | porcine teschoviruses are ubiquitous and prevalent viruses generally harmless to their hosts, the suids. here, we report the first complete coding genome sequence of a putative new serotype of porcine teschovirus (ptv-12), strain cc25, isolated from fecal material from a healthy pig in spain. | 2016 | 26966207 |
| the urinary shedding of porcine teschovirus in endemic field situations. | porcine teschoviruses (ptvs) belong to the genus teschovirus within the family picornaviridae. ptvs are universal contaminants in pig herds in endemic and multi-infection statuses. previous research has demonstrated ptv antigens and nucleic acid in renal glomeruli and tubular epithelia, suggesting the possibility that ptvs might be shed and transmitted via urine. the study aimed to demonstrate, in the context of pathogenesis, the presence of ptvs in the urine of naturally infected pigs. viral lo ... | 2016 | 26711042 |
| 2a self-cleaving peptide-based multi-gene expression system in the silkworm bombyx mori. | fundamental and applied studies of silkworms have entered the functional genomics era. here, we report a multi-gene expression system (mges) based on 2a self-cleaving peptide (2a), which regulates the simultaneous expression and cleavage of multiple gene targets in the silk gland of transgenic silkworms. first, a glycine-serine-glycine spacer (gsg) was found to significantly improve the cleavage efficiency of 2a. then, the cleavage efficiency of six types of 2as with gsg was analyzed. the shorte ... | 2015 | 26537835 |
| generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from domestic goats. | the creation of genetically modified goats provides a powerful approach for improving animal health, enhancing production traits, animal pharming, and for ensuring food safety all of which are high-priority goals for animal agriculture. the availability of goat embryonic stem cells (escs) that are characteristically immortal in culture would be of enormous benefit for developing genetically modified animals. as an alternative to long-sought goat escs, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells ... | 2015 | 26118622 |
| generation of a variety of stable influenza a reporter viruses by genetic engineering of the ns gene segment. | influenza a viruses (iav) pose a constant threat to the human population and therefore a better understanding of their fundamental biology and identification of novel therapeutics is of upmost importance. various reporter-encoding iav were generated to achieve these goals, however, one recurring difficulty was the genetic instability especially of larger reporter genes. we employed the viral ns segment coding for the non-structural protein 1 (ns1) and nuclear export protein (nep) for stable expr ... | 2015 | 26068081 |
| replicating reoviruses with a transgene replacing the codons for the head domain of the viral spike. | the capacity to modify the reovirus genome facilitates generation of new therapeutic reoviruses. we describe a method for generating replication-competent reoviruses carrying a heterologous transgene. the strategy is based on the expanded-tropism reovirus mutant jin-3, which can infect cells independent of the reovirus receptor junction-adhesion molecule a (jam-a). jin-3 harbors a mutation in the s1 segment, resulting in a g196r substitution in the tail of the spike protein σ1. the use of the ji ... | 2015 | 25588743 |
| [construction of a general piggybac transposon inducible cell immortalization vector and verification of its basic properties]. | in order to construct generally efficient cell immortalization vector, ptp-htert, we modified the traditional piggybac (pb) transposon using artificial synthesis, pcr and enzyme digestion. the modified vector contained the necessary transposon elements, a pb transposase expression cassette, a co-expression selectable element and a human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert) expression cassette. the co-expression selectable element had two markers, enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gen ... | 2014 | 25507471 |
| expression of multiple transgenes from a single construct using viral 2a peptides in drosophila. | expression of multiple reporter or effector transgenes in the same cell from a single construct is increasingly necessary in various experimental paradigms. the discovery of short, virus-derived peptide sequences that mediate a ribosome-skipping event enables generation of multiple separate peptide products from one mrna. here we describe methods and vectors to facilitate easy production of polycistronic-like sequences utilizing these 2a peptides tailored for expression in drosophila both in vit ... | 2014 | 24945148 |
| [quantitative comparison of expression for genes linked in bicistronic vectors via ires or 2a-peptide of porcine teschovirus-1 sequence]. | simultaneous expression of multiple target genes is often required in biotechnology. multicistronic vectors coding for several proteins are being actively developed for this purpose. in commercially available vectors different variants ofencephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site (ires emcv) are used most often. however, many researchers consider that utilization ofself-cleaving 2a peptides sequences within multi- and bicistronic vectors is more promising. in this work, we compared ... | 2014 | 24707727 |
| multiple models of porcine teschovirus pathogenesis in endemically infected pigs. | porcine teschoviruses (ptvs) belong to the genus teschovirus within the family picornaviridae. ptvs are universal contaminants in pig herds in endemic and multi-infection status. to further the understanding of ptv pathogenesis in endemically infected pigs, a set of samples was studied by real time reverse transcription pcr (qrt-pcr) to quantitate viral loads in tissues and by in situ hybridization (ish) to locate ptv signals in target cells, both targeting the 5'-ntr. crna of ptv-1 and ptv-7, i ... | 2014 | 24268804 |
| the prevalence of porcine teschovirus in the pig population in northeast of china. | the prevalence of porcine teschovirus (ptv) in swine herds in northeast china was investigated. in 2008-2009, 1384 samples of pig sera were collected from 42 farms in shandong, hebei, heilongjiang, and jilin provinces and in tianjin city and were tested for specific antibody against ptv-8 by immunofluorescence assay. all 42 pig herds were positive for antibodies against ptv-8, and 61.3% of the serum samples were ptv-8 positive. during the survey, one ptv strain was isolated and named fuyu/2009; ... | 2013 | 23769860 |
| the role of porcine teschovirus in causing diseases in endemically infected pigs. | porcine teschoviruses (ptvs) belong to the genus teschovirus within the family picornaviridae. hitherto, ptvs have had 13 serotypes associated with a variety of clinical diseases. the virulent ptv-1 strains were associated with highly fatal, nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis of pigs (teschen disease) in the 1930-1950s. today, less virulent talfan strains of ptv-1 are more widespread, and ptvs have contaminated swine herds worldwide (endemic or enzootic) together with a variety of common swine pat ... | 2012 | 22889731 |
| phylogeny and evolution of porcine teschovirus 8 isolated from pigs in china with reproductive failure. | a porcine teschovirus (ptv) was isolated from a dead piglet from a herd of 200 sows showing reproductive failure in fuyu, heilongjiang province, china. sequencing of most of the genome of this isolate, designated fuyu/2009, revealed that is was a ptv-8 isolate, closely related to a previously identified chinese ptv-8 strain (jilin/2003). both chinese strains vary from the european ptv-8 strains by different clustering of the 3cd sequences. infection with these viruses may be associated with pron ... | 2012 | 22527870 |
| [clinical detection of seven porcine diarrhea-associated viruses and evolution analysis of porcine kobuvirus]. | in this study, a multiplex rt-pcr method was developed for detection of seven diarrhea-associated porcine viruses, including porcine teschovirus (ptv), porcine sapovirus (psv), porcine deltacornavirus (pdcov), porcine kobuvirus (pkv), porcine sapovirus (psav), porcine astrovirus (pastv) and porcine torovirus (ptov). a total of 419 samples were screened by this method and results showed that pkv had the highest positive rate of 26.98%?45.79% and its mixed infection rate reached 9.52%-18.54%. on a ... | 2017 | 28853257 |
| development of polioencephalomyelitis in cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs following experimental inoculation with either teschovirus a serotype 2 or serotype 11. | teschovirus encephalomyelitis is a sporadic disease associated with teschovirus a (ptv) serotype 1 and, less frequently, other serotypes. in recent years, the number of cases submitted to the iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory with a history of posterior paresis has increased. submission histories from various regions of the united states suggest a trend for clinical disease to persist in herds and affect a wider age-range of pigs than historically reported. polioencephalitis ... | 2017 | 28698455 |
| analysis of full-length genomes of porcine teschovirus (ptv) and the effect of purifying selection on phylogenetic trees. | to study the outcome of natural selection using phylogenetic trees, we analyzed full-length genome sequences of porcine teschovirus (ptv). ptv belongs to the family picornaviridae and has a positive-stranded rna genome, the replication of which is carried out by the error-prone viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. the viral rna encodes a single polyprotein that is cleaved into structural (i.e., l, vp4, vp2, vp3 and vp1) and nonstructural proteins (i.e., 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, and 3c). a high degree ... | 2016 | 26860913 |
| new serotypes of porcine teschovirus identified in shanghai, china. | teschoviruses are widely endemic and commonly found in pig fecal samples. in this study, we collected fecal specimens from various pig herds and genotyped them based on the vp1 gene. of 322 samples, 276 were positive, giving a ptv infectivity rate of 85.7 %. ptv4 was the most common serotype found in shanghai, followed by ptv8 and ptv10. interestingly, some shanghai strains belonging to a new ptv serotype were also isolated. in phylogenetic analysis, ptv sh8 did not correspond to any known serot ... | 2015 | 25552321 |
| comparison of zetaplus 60s and nitrocellulose membrane filters for the simultaneous concentration of f-rna coliphages, porcine teschovirus and porcine adenovirus from river water. | increasing attention is being paid to the impact of agricultural activities on water quality to understand the impact on public health. f-rna coliphages have been proposed as viral indicators of fecal contamination while porcine teschovirus (ptv) and porcine adenovirus (padv) are proposed indicators of fecal contamination of swine origin. viruses and coliphages are present in water in very low concentrations and must be concentrated to permit their detection. there is little information comparin ... | 2014 | 24880068 |
| experimental teschovirus encephalomyelitis in gnotobiotic pigs. | a central nervous system (cns) disorder characterized by non-suppurative encephalomyelitis with neurological signs was induced experimentally in gnotobiotic pigs by intravenous and oral or intranasal inoculation of the porcine teschovirus (ptv) toyama 2002 strain isolated from breeding pigs in japan. lesions consisting of perivascular cuffing of mononuclear cells, focal gliosis, neuronal necrosis and neuronophagia were observed in the brainstem, cerebellum and spinal cord. non-suppurative gangli ... | 2014 | 24650890 |
| detection of teschovirus type 13 from two swine herds exhibiting nervous clinical signs in growing pigs. | recently, the number of clinical reports of growing pigs showing neurological signs possibly related to viral infections has increased. the objective of this report was to describe two outbreaks of an atypical condition observed in 6- to 7-week-old pigs with a morbidity of 20% and a fatality rate of 60% in two unrelated farms of the same company. during the acute phase of the disease, fever, sudden death, neurological signs, ear necrosis and occasional corneal opacity were observed. histopatholo ... | 2017 | 29148267 |
| epidemiology and molecular characterization of porcine teschovirus in hunan, china. | porcine teschoviruses (ptvs) have been shown to be widely distributed in pig populations. in this study, 261 faecal and 91 intestinal content samples collected from pigs at 29 farms in hunan, china, were tested for the presence of ptv by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). an overall ptv-positivity rate of 19.03% was detected by rt-pcr, and a high ptv infection rate was circulating in asymptomatic fattening and nursery pigs. in total, 40 ptv isolates (ptv-huns) were obtaine ... | 2017 | 29034572 |
| transgene expression in the genome of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus based on a novel reverse genetics system utilizing red-mediated recombination cloning. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a high-priority pathogen in pandemic preparedness research. reverse genetics systems are a valuable tool to study viral replication and pathogenesis, design attenuated vaccines and create defined viral assay systems for applications such as antiviral screening. here we present a novel reverse genetics system for mers-cov that involves maintenance of the full-length viral genome as a cdna copy inserted in a bacterial artificial chromosome ... | 2017 | 28984231 |
| metagenomic identification and sequence analysis of a teschovirus a-related virus in porcine feces in japan, 2014-2016. | porcine teschoviruses (ptvs) are associated with polioencephalomyelitis and various diseases, including reproductive and gastrointestinal disorders, of pigs and wild boars, and are also detected in the feces of healthy pigs. the genus teschovirus contains a single species teschovirus a that currently includes 13 serotypes. in the present study, we identified novel ptvs that are distantly related to teschovirus a and were found in fecal samples of pigs with or without diarrhea in japan. phylogene ... | 2018 | 30316885 |
| characterization of ptv-12, a newly described porcine teschovirus serotype: in vivo infection and cross-protection studies. | porcine teschoviruses (ptvs) constitute 1 of the 31 genera within the picornaviridae family, comprising at least 13 genetic types (ptv-1 to ptv-13), of which only 11 (ptv-1 to ptv-11) have been recognized as serotypes to date. specific for swine and wild boars, most ptvs are usually non-pathogenic, but some viral variants cause severe disorders in the central nervous system (teschen disease) or milder signs (talfan disease), as well as reproductive, digestive and respiratory disorders and skin l ... | 2017 | 28691894 |
| no evidence of enteric viral involvement in the new neonatal porcine diarrhoea syndrome in danish pigs. | the aim of this study was to investigate whether the syndrome new neonatal porcine diarrhoea syndrome (nnpds) is associated with a viral aetiology. four well-managed herds experiencing neonatal diarrhoea and suspected to be affected by nnpds were included in a case-control set up. a total of 989 piglets were clinically examined on a daily basis. samples from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic piglets at the age of three to seven days were selected for extensive virological examination using specific ... | 2017 | 29115952 |
| viruses associated with congenital tremor and high lethality in piglets. | the recently described atypical porcine pestivirus (appv) has been associated with congenital tremor (ct) type a-ii in piglets in different countries. another important neurological pathogen of pigs is porcine teschovirus (ptv), which has been associated with non-suppurative encephalomyelitis in pigs with severe or mild neurological disorders. there have been no reports of appv and/or ptv coinfection associated with ct or encephalomyelitis in brazilian pig herds. the aim of this study was to des ... | 2018 | 29322653 |
| porcine teschovirus 2 induces an incomplete autophagic response in pk-15 cells. | autophagy is a homeostatic process that has been shown to be vital in the innate immune defense against pathogens. however, little is known about the regulatory role of autophagy in porcine teschovirus 2 (ptv-2) replication. in this study, we found that ptv-2 infection induces a strong increase in gfp-lc3 punctae and endogenous lc3 lipidation. however, ptv-2 infection did not enhance autophagic protein degradation. when cellular autophagy was pharmacologically inhibited by wortmannin or 3-methyl ... | 2018 | 29177545 |