| halicephalobus gingivalis (stefanski, 1954) from a fatal infection in a horse in ontario, canada with comments on the validity of h. deletrix and a review of the genus. | although the original description given by stefanski (1954) was satisfactory, anderson & bemrick (1965), in describing h. deletrix (= micronema deletrix), claimed stefanski's description was "inadequate" and the species a "species inquirenda". thus, infections in horses and humans have been assigned to h. deletrix. we believe the species reported in horses and humans is h. gingivalis and that h. deletrix is its synonym. h. gingivalis is separated herein from forms found free-living. the genital ... | 1998 | 9772725 |
| halicephalobus gingivalis (h. deletrix) infection in two horses in southern california. | two horses, a 16-year-old male holsteiner and a 5-year-old male miniature horse, were diagnosed with halicephalobiasis at the california veterinary diagnostic laboratory system, san bernardino branch, in april and june of 1998. over a period of 4 weeks, the holsteiner horse developed renal dysfunction, blepharospasm, and blindness in the right eye. a 15-cm-diameter mass was detected on ultrasound examination in the right kidney. terminally, the animal developed seizures and was euthanized. the m ... | 2000 | 10730949 |
| halicephalobus gingivalis (nematoda) infection in a grevy's zebra (equus grevyi). | a 6-yr-old female grevy's zebra (equus grevyi) with a disseminated rhabditiform nematode infection is described. antemortem clinical signs were limited to blindness and abnormal behavior believed to be caused by a recurrent nematode-induced uveitis. histologic examination of the kidneys, heart, eyes, uterus, and lymph nodes revealed granulomas containing multiple sections of rhabditiform nematodes. most of the recovered nematodes were larval stages with only a few adult females noted. the adults ... | 2000 | 10884129 |
| halicephalobus gingivalis encephalomyelitis in a horse. | an 8-year-old, arabian mare presented with acute progressive ataxia and a firm swelling over the right mandible. radiographs revealed multiple radiolucent areas on the mandibles. the mare's neurological signs progressed, she was consequently euthanized. postmortem examination revealed mandibular granulomatous reactions and meningoencephalitis due to the nematode halicephalobus gingivalis. | 2000 | 10907579 |
| radiculomeningomyelitis due to halicephalobus gingivalis in a horse. | an adult horse was euthanatized following a clinical diagnosis of cauda equina neuritis. significant gross postmortem and histopathologic findings were limited to the sacral spinal cord and cauda equina. the sacral spinal cord, meninges, and spinal nerve roots were expanded and partially effaced by sclerosing granulomatous inflammation with necrosis. the lesion contained numerous nematode larvae and fewer adults with a rhabditiform esophagus having a corpus, isthmus, and valved bulb. female nema ... | 2001 | 11572566 |
| treatment of a granuloma caused by halicephalobus gingivalis in a horse. | a 12-year-old arabian gelding with a granuloma caused by the nematode halicephalobus gingivalis caudal and dorsal to the left orbit was examined. there was no evidence of dissemination of the nematode to the kidneys or the cns, and the horse was treated with ivermectin (1.2 mg/kg [0.55 mg/lb] of body weight, p.o., every 2 weeks for 3 treatments). the granuloma was surgically debulked 2 days after the first dose of ivermectin. the granuloma resolved with no evidence of nematode infection after 18 ... | 2001 | 11767925 |
| molecular phylogenetics and diagnosis of soil and clinical isolates of halicephalobus gingivalis (nematoda: cephalobina: panagrolaimoidea), an opportunistic pathogen of horses. | phylogenetic relationships among six isolates of halicephalobus gingivalis (stefanski, 1954), a species with pathogenic potential in horses and humans, were evaluated using dna sequences from the nuclear large-subunit ribosomal rna (lsu rdna) gene. sequences from nematodes obtained from in vitro cultures (soil or clinical sources), or isolated from infected horse tissues, were compared. gene sequences from a fatal equine clinical case from southern california and a free-living isolate recovered ... | 2003 | 13129534 |
| what is your diagnosis? halicephalobus gingivalis. | | 2004 | 15626214 |
| [halicephalobus gingivalis infection in a 5-year-old tinker gelding]. | a 5-year old tinker gelding was referred to the department of equine sciences with a left eye uveitis and fever. at presentation the horse showed a mild lethargy, fever and decreased vision of the left eye. rectal examination revealed an enlarged left kidney, with a hard and an irregular surface. the cranial mesentery artery had an enlarged and irregular aspect. blood analysis showed anaemia, leucocytosis, increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine and a hyperproteinemia. urine analysis repeat ... | 2006 | 16502977 |
| haycocknema-like nematodes in muscle fibres of a horse. | a 14-year-old horse (imported to switzerland from ireland 8 years earlier) showed signs of chewing muscle atrophy. a severe chronic myositis, caused by numerous immature and mature female nematodes, was diagnosed in muscle samples obtained by biopsy and subsequently at necropsy. most of the nematodes had invaded muscle fibres of the masseter, root of the tongue and anterior breast, only a few were found in the intermuscular interstitium. isolated nematodes and parasite sections were clearly diff ... | 2006 | 16616813 |
| different roads to form the same gut in nematodes. | the morphogenesis of a gut from the endoderm has been well studied among the animal kingdom and is also well described in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans. but are there other ways to build a nematode intestine? sulston et al. (1983) described a different intestinal cell lineage in the species panagrellus redivivus and turbatrix aceti that includes two programmed cell deaths. however, no details are known about the three-dimensional (3d) configuration and the role of the cell deaths. here, we ... | 2006 | 16805900 |
| halicephalobus gingivalis-associated meningoencephalitis in a thoroughbred foal. | a 13-week-old thoroughbred colt from central kentucky was euthanized after an acute onset of ataxia, blindness, head tremors, leaning to the right, recumbency, and seizures. microscopically, there was a verminous meningoencephalitis characterized by an eosinophilic and granulomatous inflammatory reaction primarily affecting the cerebellum. dispersed within regions of inflammation were numerous cross and longitudinal sections of intact and degenerative small nematodes. the nematodes had dorsoflex ... | 2006 | 17121095 |
| granulomatous nephritis and meningoencephalomyelitis caused by halicephalobus gingivalis in a pony gelding. | a ten-year-old shetland pony gelding showed low appetite, ataxia, peculiar swaying, clouding of consciousness, and ultimately died. at necropsy, multiple coalescing granulomatous foci were detected in the kidneys, and small necrotic lesions were found in the cerebellum. histologic examination of the renal tissue sections revealed extensive granuloma, and halicephalobus gingivalis-like nematodes were seen. similar nematodes were found in the granulomatous or necrotic lesions of the renal lymph no ... | 2007 | 18057837 |
| a nodular granulomatous posthitis caused by halicephalobus sp. in a horse. | this report describes a case of nodular posthitis caused by halicephalobus gingivalis in a 24-year-old warmblood horse. macroscopic examination revealed a multinodular, partially ulcerated mass on the external lamina of the prepuce. nematode migration from unfixed biopsy material in phosphate-buffered saline revealed adult nematodes with the typical morphological features of h. gingivalis: distinctive rhabditiform oesophagus with corpus, isthmus and bulb and the dorsoflexed ovary. the main histo ... | 2008 | 18177292 |
| the embryonic cell lineage of the nematode rhabditophanes sp. | one of the unique features of the model organism caenorhabditis elegans is its invariant development, where a stereotyped cell lineage generates a fixed number of cells with a fixed cell type. it remains unclear how embryonic development evolved within the nematodes to give rise to the complex, invariant cell lineage of c. elegans. therefore, we determined the embryonic cell lineage of the nematode, rhabditophanes sp. (family alloionematidae) and made detailed cell-by-cell comparison with the kn ... | 2008 | 18956326 |
| unsuccessful treatment of a horse with mandibular granulomatous osteomyelitis due to halicephalobus gingivalis. | an 8-year-old horse was presented with a submandibular swelling. biopsy of the lesion indicated granulomatous osteomyelitis due to halicephalobus gingivalis. in the absence of evidence of involvement of the central nervous system at the time of diagnosis, the horse was treated with ivermectin. unfortunately, the horse did not survive. | 2008 | 19183732 |
| fatal equine meningoencephalitis in the united kingdom caused by the panagrolaimid nematode halicephalobus gingivalis: case report and review of the literature. | a fatal case of eosinophilic and granulomatous meningoencephalitis caused by the free-living panagrolaimid nematode halicephalobus gingivalis is reported in a 10-year-old welsh gelding in the united kingdom. clinical examination first revealed behavioural abnormalities which rapidly progressed to severe ataxia, reduced mentation status and cranial nerve signs. despite symptomatic treatment no amelioration of neurological signs was achieved and the horse was subjected to euthanasia. a complete po ... | 2011 | 21496093 |
| pathology in practice. halicephalobus gingivalis. | | 2011 | 21568770 |
| fatal infection in two icelandic stallions caused by halicephalobus gingivalis (nematoda: rhabditida). | opportunistic infections with the free living nematode halicephalobus gingivalis are infrequently reported in horses but the cases are widespread geographically. the nematodes are believed to penetrate wounds and subsequently reproduce within the host tissues. this paper reports two cases of a fatal disease in stallions of the icelandic breed in iceland. case 1: a stallion, which sustained injuries to the mouth after an accident, developed severe neurological signs and had to be euthanatized. hi ... | 2011 | 22305655 |
| equine meningo-encephalitis caused by halicephalobus gingivalis: a case report observed during west nile disease surveillance activities. | a seven-year-old horse was euthanised after exhibiting a severe and rapidly progressive neurological disorder. tissue samples were despatched to the italian reference centre for animal foreign diseases (istituto 'g. caporale' in teramo) for diagnosis. all laboratory tests for equine neurotropic viruses gave negative results. scattered perivascular inflammatory infiltrates and several parasites that were morphologically classified as halicephalobus gingivalis, were seen within the brain upon micr ... | 2012 | 23277124 |