| in vitro sensitivity of penicillium marneffei and pythium insidiosum to various antifungal agents. | ten isolates of penicillium marneffei and eight of pythium insidiosum were tested for their in vitro sensitivity to amphotericin b, hamycin (a polyene heptaene), two water-soluble analogs of amphotericin b and hamycin, namely, jai-amb, and jai-hamycin,5-fluorocytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole,ketoconazole and miconazole. itraconazole manifested the strongest activity against all of the 10 isolates of p. marneffei and would be the drug of choice in the treatment of penicilliosis due to p. marne ... | 1992 | 1397206 |
| evaluation of two vaccines for the treatment of pythiosis insidiosi in horses. | two vaccines to treat phythiosis insidiosi in horses were evaluated in 71 costa rican horses between 1982 to 1988. one vaccine used a cell-mass (cmv) as antigen and the other a soluble concentrated antigen (scav). both vaccines cured horses infected with pythium insidiosum (p value approximately 14%). the age of lesions prior to vaccination was important in the response of the horses to immunotherapy. all horses with lesions 0.5 months or less in duration were cured regardless of the vaccine use ... | 1992 | 1435952 |
| immunoblot analysis of the humoral immune response to pythium insidiosum in horses with pythiosis. | reactions to pythium insidiosum by sera from horses with active pythiosis were investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and immunoblotting. five strains of p. insidiosum were grown in nutrient broth and then sonicated. after centrifugation, supernatant antigens were separated by sds-page. an exoantigen of conidiobolus coronatus was also tested. bands with molecular weights between 97,000 and 14,000 were identified by coomassie blue and silver staining. ... | 1992 | 1452669 |
| immunodiffusion test for diagnosing basidiobolomycosis. | an immunodiffusion test was developed for the diagnosis of basidiobolomycosis. when culture filtrate antigen (cfa) from basidiobolus ranarum was reacted against two human patient and two rabbit antisera, 2 precipitin bands, inner (n) and outer (y), were revealed for both patient and rabbit antisera. a line of identity was also observed between precipitin bands obtained with patient and rabbit sera. when cfa from b. ranarum (b cfa) was reacted against rabbit sera which contained antibody to conid ... | 1992 | 1528227 |
| nasal and retrobulbar mass in a cat caused by pythium insidiosum. | nasal and retrobulbar infection caused by the oomycete pythium insidiosum is described in a cat. the diagnosis was established on three criteria. the staining of broad, sparsely septate hyphal elements in biopsy tissue using a fluorescein-labelled antiglobulin specific for p. insidiosum, detection of antibodies to p. insidiosum by an immunodiffusion test, and isolation of the aetiological agent in pure culture from the biopsy tissue. treatment with ketoconazole for 6 weeks resulted in clinical i ... | 1991 | 1648127 |
| immunodiffusion test for diagnosis and monitoring of human pythiosis insidiosi. | to facilitate the laboratory diagnosis of human cases of pythiosis insidiosi, an immunological test was evaluated. a soluble antigen was prepared from a human isolate of pythium insidiosum, an aquatic, thermotolerant oomycete that causes infections in cattle, dogs, horses, and humans. sera from seven proven cases of disseminated human pythiosis insidiosi were tested in an immunodiffusion test along with appropriate control sera from patients with a variety of actinomycotic, bacterial, and mycoti ... | 1991 | 1774283 |
| four cases of equine bone lesions caused by pythium insidiosum. | | 1990 | 2209529 |
| induction of zoospore formation in thai isolates of pythium insidiosum. | three human isolates of pythium insidiosum de cock 1987, the aetiologic agent of pythiosis, were induced for zoosporogenesis. the isolates were grown on sabouraud glucose agar for 2 days before being inoculated into boiled spikelets of axonopus compressus (gramineae) and then into induction medium (im). optimum zoospore formation was demonstrated under the light microscope after incubation for 24 h at 37 degrees c in im. | 1990 | 2259373 |
| canine pythiosis--isolation and identification of pythium insidiosum. | pythium insidiosum was isolated from the subcutaneous tissue of a 1-year-old tan crossbreed dog and from the intestinal tract of an 18-month-old samoyed male. gomori's methenamine silver stain was superior to hematoxylin and eosin in demonstrating the organism in tissue sections. the agent was identified as p. insidiosum by zoospore formation in an aqueous yeast extract solution containing grass blades. exoantigens produced in culture were shown to be identical to known p. insidiosum antigens by ... | 1989 | 2488713 |
| antigenic relationship between pythium insidiosum de cock et al. 1987 and its synonym pythium destruens shipton 1987. | antigens and rabbit-antisera from holotypes of pythium insidiosum and p. destruens were prepared to elucidate their antigenic relationship. the antigens and rabbit-antisera of p. insidiosum as well as p. destruens used as a reference system showed that both shared three precipitin bands in common. the antigen and rabbit-antisera of p. destruens and p. insidiosum used as a reference system against other strains isolated from humans and animals with pythiosis, also showed three precipitin bands in ... | 1989 | 2496306 |
| antigenic relationship between the animal and human pathogen pythium insidiosum and nonpathogenic pythium species. | identification of the newly named pathogenic oomycete pythium insidiosum and its differentiation from other pythium species by morphologic criteria alone can be difficult and time-consuming. antigenic analysis by fluorescent-antibody and immunodiffusion precipitin techniques demonstrated that the p. insidiosum isolates that cause pythiosis in dogs, horses, and humans are identical and that they were distinguishable from other pythium species by these means. the immunologic data agreed with the m ... | 1987 | 3121666 |
| a method to obtain rapid zoosporogenesis of pythium insidiosum. | nine strains of pythium insidiosum the etiologic agent of pythiosis, were inoculated on 2% water agar plus grass blades and then incubated one day at 25 degrees c, 35 degrees c and 37 degrees c. sporangium and secondary biflagellate-type zoosporas from the parasitized grass blades were noticed in induction medium after one hour of incubation at 35 degrees c and 37 degrees c. the number of sporangia and zoospores were lower at 25 degrees c, than 35 degrees c and 37 degrees c. increasing the days ... | 1988 | 3216883 |
| bone lesions caused by pythium insidiosum in a horse. | a 5-year-old, female saddle horse developed a tumoral mass anterolaterally on the metacarpal region of its right front leg. histopathological study showed hyaline, aseptate, broad hyphae in the sequestered coral-like necrotic masses. radiographs revealed an extensive osteomyelitis with disorganized bone proliferation of the metacarpal bones, as well as exostosis of the distal radius and the proximal and distal row of carpal bones. the etiologic agent was detected histologically, isolated in cult ... | 1988 | 3379540 |
| pythium insidiosum sp. nov., the etiologic agent of pythiosis. | pythium insidiosum sp. nov., the etiologic agent of pythiosis, a cosmopolitan disease of horses, cattle, and dogs, is described and illustrated. | 1987 | 3818928 |
| cutaneous pythiosis in the horse. | pythiosis of horses in an invasive, ulcerative, proliferative, pyogranulomatous disease of the skin and subcutis caused by pythium insidiosum, a fungus-like oomycete in the order peronosporales of the kingdom protista. pythiosis is a form of "phycomycosis," which is a complex of pyogranulomatous diseases that also includes conidiobolomysosis, basidiobolobysosis, and disorders caused by members of the order mucorales. | 1995 | 7634168 |
| jejunal obstruction caused by a pythium insidiosum granuloma in a mare. | an 8-year-old missouri fox trotter mare was examined because of intermittent, low-grade abdominal pain and weight loss for 3 months. incomplete jejunal obstruction, caused by a granulomatous mass in the wall of the jejunum, was identified during exploratory celiotomy. pythium insidiosum was identified as the cause of the granuloma. this case suggests that enteric pythiosis may develop in horses that are geographically distant from the gulf coast. | 1994 | 7928616 |
| human pythiosis in thailand. | pythium insidiosum is a protoctista and causes diseases in plants and animals. in thailand it can cause a unique human infection of three types. the first type is a subcutaneous lesion in thalassaemic patients, with the pathological findings of a granulomatous reaction, diffuse infiltration, and oedema of the vessel walls. the patients responded to a saturated solution of potassium iodide. the second type is chronic inflammation and occlusion of blood vessels mainly in the lower extremities whic ... | 1994 | 7937448 |
| phylogenetic spectrum of fungi that are pathogenic to humans. | recent phylogenetic studies based on ribosomal rna sequences have confirmed that the organisms traditionally treated as fungi include those that have evolved from several different lines (multiphyletic organisms), as has been suspected. even organisms causing disease in humans represent at least two evolutional lines. pythium insidiosum and prototheca species are both believed to have evolved from one line, while the rest of the pathogens have evolved from another line. p. insidiosum is more clo ... | 1994 | 7948565 |
| fatal arteritis due to pythium insidiosum infection in patients with thalassaemia. | six thalassaemic patients had a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by progressive ischemia of the lower extremities, with ascending arteritis and thrombosis of the main arteries of the lower limbs. with periodic acid schiff and gomori's methenamine silver staining a large number of hyphae were revealed in the arterial wall and the outer part of the thrombus. pythium insidiosum was isolated from 3 patients. the clinical course of the disease was progressive gangrene of the extremities and t ... | 1993 | 8236397 |
| life cycle of the human and animal oomycete pathogen pythium insidiosum. | pythium insidiosum, the etiologic agent of pythiosis insidiosii, causes life-threatening infections in humans and animals. previous studies of the epidemiology of this disease hypothesized about the possible life cycle of this oomycete. details, however, were not provided on the steps required to cause infection. we investigated the life cycle of p. insidiosum by inoculating pieces of equine skin and plant leaves and then studying the ensuing events with a scanning electron microscope. our obser ... | 1993 | 8263182 |
| human infectious corneal ulcer caused by pythium insidiosum. | pythium insidiosum is a fungus-like organism known to infect a variety of animals. in humans, the few known cases involving pythium have included arterial infections and cellulitis. we present what we believe to be the first case of p. insidiosum recovered from a human corneal ulcer. the organism is difficult to isolate, causing delays in diagnosis. it is also resistant to the usual antifungal medications, making surgical excision the treatment of choice. | 1993 | 8458239 |
| esophagitis due to pythium insidiosum infection in two dogs. | chronic esophagitis due to pythium insidiosum infection caused weight loss, dysphagia, and hypersalivation in 2 dogs from rural tennessee. although dog 1 presented for evaluation in december 1984 and dog 2 in october 1992, infection likely occurred during the previous summer by drinking fresh pond water containing zoospores. hematologic testing revealed eosinophilia and hypergammaglobulinemia in one dog. an etiologic diagnosis was not made until postmortem evaluation when hyphae within necrotic ... | 1996 | 8743213 |
| immunobiological diagnosis of tropical ocular diseases: toxocara, pythium insidiosum, pseudomonas (burkholderia) pseudomallei, mycobacterium chelonei and toxoplasma gondii. | of the sera obtained from 18 patients with ocular diseases comprising ocular larva migrans (olm), toxoplasma gondii, mycobacterium chelonei, pythium insidiosum bacteria and tumour, 3 sera were positive for toxocara antibody at the titre over 1/1600 elisa. all 3 of these sera came from males with unilateral grayish fundi. we demonstrated the value of the direct immunofluorescent assay (difa) on vitreous specimens from 7 cases of toxoplasma retinitis. one vitreous specimen under electronmicroscopi ... | 1996 | 8880376 |
| adjunctive use of a neodymium:yttrium-aluminum garnet laser for treatment of pythiosis granulomas in two horses. | pythiosis, caused by pythium insidiosum, is a common cutaneous granulomatous disease in horses. surgical removal is the most common treatment; however, high rates of recurrence have been reported. results of examination of 2 horses with pythiosis granulomas in which a neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser was used to photoablate the bed after removal are reported. the mass had not recurred in either horse 1 year after surgery. photoablation results in collateral thermal necrosis and may kill o ... | 1997 | 9267509 |
| pythium insidiosum keratitis. | a case of pythium insidiosum keratitis is described. it is an unusual organism that is difficult to isolate. cases in animals and humans have been reported from tropical and subtropical parts of the world but this is the first case from a temperate region and was acquired from a hot pool. although resembling a fungus, it is insensitive to all antifungals and requires wide surgical excision for cure. | 1997 | 9267609 |
| serodiagnosis of human and animal pythiosis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | conventional serodiagnosis of pythium insidiosum infections involves the use of the immunodiffusion (id) test. this test specifically diagnoses human and animal pythiosis. the test, however, has limited sensitivity and does not detect some culturally proven cases of the disease. because of the increased recognition of pythiosis among humans and animals, we developed and evaluated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a soluble antigen from broken hyphae of p. insidiosum. studies wer ... | 1997 | 9384295 |
| human pythiosis. | pythiosis is a cosmopolitan granulomatous disease caused by an aquatic fungus pythium insidiosum which usually occurs in horses, cattle, dogs, cats or fishes. there have been 28 cases of human pythiosis published in the literature. twenty three patients have been reported from all over thailand. human pythiosis presents in one of three clinical forms: cutaneous or subcutaneous, systemic or vascular and ophthalmic (e.g., corneal ulcer or keratitis). systemic antibiotics or antimycotics are not ef ... | 1996 | 9504058 |
| successful medical therapy for deeply invasive facial infection due to pythium insidiosum in a child. | pythiosis occurs in animals and humans who encounter aquatic habitats that harbor pythium insidiosum. drug therapy for deeply invasive infections with this organism has been ineffective in humans and animals; patients have been cured only by radical surgical debridement. a 2-year-old boy developed periorbital cellulitis unresponsive to antibiotic and antifungal therapy. the cellulitis extended to the nasopharynx, compromising the airway and necessitating a gastrostomy for feeding. p. insidiosum ... | 1998 | 9868648 |
| use of an immunotherapeutic vaccine to treat a life-threatening human arteritic infection caused by pythium insidiosum. | a 14-year-old thai boy presented because of a history of headache, mandibular swelling, and facial nerve palsy. a microorganism identified as pythium insidiosum was cultured from the mandibular abscesses. despite treatment with amphotericin b, iodides, ketoconazole, and surgery, the infection progressed. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and magnetic resonance angiography (mra) of the neck revealed an aneurysm in the external carotid artery. the aneurysm was removed. mra performed later showed st ... | 1998 | 9868649 |
| penicilliosis marneffei and pythiosis: emerging tropical diseases. | penicilliosis marneffei and pythiosis insidiosi are emerging infections in subtropical, tropical, and temperate areas of the world. penicilliosis marneffei is endemic in several southeast asian countries and may be carried to other areas of the world by residents of these countries or visitors. pythiosis occurs in humans and animals who frequent the aquatic habitats that harbor pythium insidiosum. although early diagnosis is important because of the high morbidity or mortality associated with th ... | 1998 | 10205881 |
| ultrasonographic features of canine gastrointestinal pythiosis. | pythiosis is a chronic pyogranulomatous infection of the gastrointestinal tract or skin caused by the water borne pathogen pythium insidiosum. the ultrasonographic features of nine dogs with gastrointestinal pythiosis are reported. the stomach, duodenum, jejunum or colon were affected. all dogs had thickening of the gastrointestinal wall and areas with obliteration of the normal layered appearance. in one dog an eccentric mass was found arising from the serosal surface of the wall of the colon w ... | 2000 | 10850879 |
| infections in e-beta thalassemia. | infection is a major complication and the leading cause of death in thalassemia, especially e-beta thalassemia. the spectrum of infections in e-beta thalassemia include mild and severe infections, therapy-related infections such as yersinia enterocolitica infection associated with desferrioxamine (dfo) therapy, and transfusion-transmitted disease, as well as unique infections such as with pythiosis. prospective studies in thailand indicate that patients with e-beta thalassemia had more frequent ... | 2000 | 11132234 |
| pythium insidiosum keratitis confirmed by dna sequence analysis. | | 2001 | 11302134 |
| mechanics of solid tissue invasion by the mammalian pathogen pythium insidiosum. | the relative significance of mechanical penetration versus the action of substrate-degrading enzymes during solid tissue invasion has not been established for any fungal disease. pythium insidiosum is an oomycete fungus (or stramenopile) that causes a rare, but potentially lethal infection in humans and other mammalian hosts. experiments with miniature strain gauges showed that single hyphal apices of this pathogen exert forces of up to 6.9 micron, corresponding to maximum pressures of 0.3 micro ... | 2001 | 11728155 |
| development and evaluation of an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for early diagnosis and monitoring of human pythiosis. | human pythiosis is an emerging, fatal, infectious disease caused by pythium insidiosum and occurs in both tropical and subtropical countries. thalassemic patients, farmers, and aquatic-habitat residents are predisposed to this disease. delayed treatment due to the long time required for isolation and identification of the causative organism, as well as the difficulty in obtaining internal organ specimens, results in high morbidity and mortality. to facilitate rapid diagnosis, an in-house enzyme- ... | 2002 | 11874882 |
| development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serodiagnosis of pythiosis in dogs. | pythiosis (caused by the aquatic oomycete pythium insidiosum) is a devastating and often fatal cause of either severe transmural gastroenteritis or locally invasive subcutaneous disease in dogs living in the southeastern united states. although early diagnosis is essential for successful treatment, tools available for this task are limited. therefore, we developed and evaluated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of anti-p insidiosum antibodies in canine serum. a solub ... | 2002 | 11899028 |
| development of a nested polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and identification of pythium insidiosum. | pythium insidiosum is an important cause of cutaneous and gastrointestinal disease in horses and dogs in the southeastern united states. culture-based diagnosis of pythiosis is rarely definitive because production and identification of reproductive structures is difficult. the purpose of this study was to develop a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay for the identification of p insidiosum. genomic dna was extracted from 3 clinical isolates of p insidiosum and i isolate each of pythium gr ... | 2002 | 11899029 |
| duodenal obstruction caused by infection with pythium insidiosum in a 12-week-old puppy. | pythium insidiosum is an aquatic fungus-like organism that causes a serious chronic granulomatous disease called pythiosis in animals and humans in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. in north america, pythiosis is most often diagnosed in the gulf coast states. early recognition of the disease is crucial to successful treatment, which includes surgical resection of granulomatous lesions and administration of antifungal agents. despite increasing availability of diagnostic tests, intes ... | 2002 | 11990966 |
| evaluation of microbial culture techniques for the isolation of pythium insidiosum from equine tissues. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sample handling, storage, and culture techniques on the isolation of pythium insidiosum from infected equine tissues. tissue and kunker samples obtained immediately posteuthanasia from a horse with subcutaneous pythiosis were used to assess the effects of sample type (kunkers vs. tissues), media type (selective vs. nonselective), storage technique, and storage time on p. insidiosum isolation rate. overall, isolation rates were higher from ... | 2002 | 12152807 |
| pythium insidiosum pleuropericarditis complicating pneumonia in a child with leukemia. | we describe a 12-year-old boy with acute myeloid leukemia who developed pleuropericarditis while he was neutropenic and was receiving intravenously administered antibiotic and antifungal therapy for pneumonia. a koh preparation of the purulent material from an extensive diagnostic and therapeutic pleuropericardial drainage procedure revealed multiple irregularly septate hyphae, and cultures yielded the organism pythium insidiosum. after completing a 12-month course of intravenously administered ... | 2002 | 12203186 |
| biomechanical interaction between hyphae of two pythium species (oomycota) and host tissues. | forces exerted by hyphae of the phytopathogen pythium graminicola and mammalian pathogen pythium insidiosum were compared with the mechanical resistance of their hosts' tissues. hyphal apices of both species exerted a mean force of 2 micron, corresponding to mean pressures of 0.19 micron microm(-2) (or mpa) for p. graminicola, and 0.14 micron microm(-2) for p. insidiosum. experiments with glass microprobes showed that the epidermis of grass roots resisted penetration until the pressure applied a ... | 2002 | 12431454 |
| three types of immunotherapics against pythiosis insidiosi developed and evaluated. | pythiosis is a granulomatous disease of horses, cattle, dogs, cats and humans identified in tropical and subtropical areas and caused by pythium insidiosum, a zoosporic fungus. experimental models of pythiosis in naturally infected species have not yet been reported but, rabbits may be inoculated with zoospores as an experimental model for studying the disease. the present study evaluates the efficacy of three different of immunotherapics in the rabbit model. approximately 17500 zoospores of oom ... | 2003 | 12744888 |
| pythium insidiosum reidentified as gymnascella hyalinospora. | | 2003 | 12746789 |
| pythium corneal ulcer in ramathibodi hospital. | this is a retrospective study of corneal ulcers caused by pythium insidiosum in ramathibodi hospital from 1988 to 1998. the clinical data was from the medical records of 10 patients, of which 8 had complete information. mean age of the patients was 49.8 years old and seven were farmers. initial visual acuity was mostly below finger counts. all manifested as fungal corneal ulcers, diagnosis of pythium insidiosum was confirmed by histology. after failed medication, penetrating keratoplasty (pkp) w ... | 2003 | 12757078 |
| an improved pythium insidiosum-vaccine formulation with enhanced immunotherapeutic properties in horses and dogs with pythiosis. | the immunotherapeutic properties of a new pythium insidiosum-vaccine formulation (piv), was evaluated in 18 horses and 6 dogs with proven pythiosis from different enzootic areas in the united states. all injected horses but one responded with a weak (=29 mm, n=3), a mild (30-90 mm, n=7) or a strong (=100 mm, n=7) inflammatory reactions at the site of injection. three equines with weak or negative reactions at the injection site were not cured. seven equines with strong reactions at their injecti ... | 2003 | 12798620 |
| cure of orthopaedic infection with scedosporium prolificans, using voriconazole plus terbinafine, without the need for radical surgery. | scedosporium prolificans infections of normal hosts usually require extensive debridement and sometimes amputation to effect cure, due to the intrinsic resistance of this species to available antifungal agents. newer agents have not tested favourably. variable results are obtained with voriconazole, and 100% resistance is described with echinocandins. itraconazole and terbinafine has offered synergy against various moulds including s. prolificans. in vivo success is reported with the azole/terbi ... | 2003 | 12801370 |
| immunotherapy for treatment of multicentric cutaneous pythiosis in a dog. | a 4-year-old labrador retriever was referred for evaluation of 2 ulcerative nodular cutaneous lesions. one lesion was located on the medial aspect of the right carpus; the other was located on the medial aspect of the left tarsus. the dog had spent its entire life in the southeastern part of the united states and approximately half of its time outdoors with free access to a nearby lake. histologic examination of full-thickness wedge biopsy specimens from both lesions revealed severe, multifocal, ... | 2003 | 12875449 |
| a molecular phylogeny of pythium insidiosum. | sequence analysis of the ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacers (its) was used to establish phylogenetic relationships among 23 isolates of pythium insidiosum, the etiological agent of pythiosis in mammals. the isolates were divided into three distinct clades that exhibited significant geographic isolation. clade i consisted of isolates from north, central, and south america, while clade ii contained isolates from asia and australia. also present in clade ii was an isolate from a patient in ... | 2003 | 12884950 |
| pythiosis, lagenidiosis, and zygomycosis in small animals. | pythiosis, lagenidiosis, and zygomycosis affect animals living in temperate, tropical, and subtropical climates, and these diseases are often fatal. although pythium insidiosum, conidiobolus species, and basidiobolus species have been recognized as pathogens for several years, members of the genus lagenidium have been identified as a cause of oomycosis in dogs only recently. pythiosis, lagenidiosis, and zygomycosis share similar clinical and histologic characteristics, making them difficult to d ... | 2003 | 12910739 |
| clinicopathologic findings associated with lagenidium sp. infection in 6 dogs: initial description of an emerging oomycosis. | an oomycotic pathogen in the genus lagenidium was isolated from tissues obtained from 6 dogs with progressive cutaneous disease. initial clinical findings in 5 dogs included multifocal cutaneous lesions, subcutaneous lesions, or both associated with regional lymphadenopathy: the 6th dog initially was presented for evaluation of mandibular lymphadenopathy. cutaneous lesions were ulcerated, exudative regions (often with necrosis and draining tracts) or multiple firm dermal or subcutaneous nodules. ... | 2003 | 14529129 |
| current perspectives on ophthalmic mycoses. | fungi may infect the cornea, orbit and other ocular structures. species of fusarium, aspergillus, candida, dematiaceous fungi, and scedosporium predominate. diagnosis is aided by recognition of typical clinical features and by direct microscopic detection of fungi in scrapes, biopsy specimens, and other samples. culture confirms the diagnosis. histopathological, immunohistochemical, or dna-based tests may also be needed. pathogenesis involves agent (invasiveness, toxigenicity) and host factors. ... | 2003 | 14557297 |
| disseminated pythiosis in three horses. | three cases of equine subcutaneous pythiosis with dissemination to the internal organs were investigated. the subcutaneous lesions were observed on the mammary gland, nostrils and limbs of the infected horses. histopathological analysis of the infected tissues revealed a strong eosinophilic reaction, with macrophages, mast cells and giant cells. sparsely septated hyphal filaments of 4-6 microm diameter were identified in the center of the eosinophilic areas. specific fluorescent antibody against ... | 2003 | 14559176 |
| human pythiosis, a rare cause of arteritis: case report and literature review. | to present a case of pythium insidiosum arteritis and review reported cases of human pythiosis. | 2003 | 14671729 |
| ocular pythiosis: is it under-diagnosed? | to increase awareness of ocular pythiosis by presenting a typical case and summarizing clinical data of 11 ocular pythiosis cases in ramathibodi hospital. | 2004 | 14962441 |
| orbital pythiosis: a non-fungal disease mimicking orbital mycotic infections, with a retrospective review of the literature. | in the past decade there have been four well-documented cases of orbital pythiosis caused by pythium insidiosum. all were recorded in apparently healthy children. although pythiosis seems to be a rare infection in humans, we recently conducted a review of the medical literature to investigate misdiagnosed cases of orbital pythiosis in the past 100 years in children. to track putative cases of orbital pythiosis, we first identified orbital cases initially diagnosed as fungal infections. we were p ... | 2004 | 14998394 |
| development of a species-specific probe for pythium insidiosum and the diagnosis of pythiosis. | pythium insidiosum, the only species in the genus that infects mammals, is the etiological agent of pythiosis, a granulomatous disease characterized by cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions and vascular diseases. accurate diagnosis of pythiosis and identification of its causal agent are often inconsistent with current immunological diagnostic methods. a species-specific dna probe was constructed by using a 530-bp hinfi fragment from the ribosomal dna intergenic spacer of p. insidiosum. when the pro ... | 2004 | 15184412 |
| outbreaks of pythiosis in two flocks of sheep in northeastern brazil. | two outbreaks of cutaneous pythiosis caused by pythium insidiosum were diagnosed in two herds of crossbred hair wool sheep of different ages in the semiarid region of northeastern brazil. in one herd of 120 sheep, 40 were affected. the other outbreak affected six sheep out of 80. local swellings with ulcerative lesions were observed in the limbs and abdominal and prescapular regions. three sheep were necropsied. two of them had lung metastasis characterized by multifocal nodules measuring 0.5-2 ... | 2004 | 15232143 |
| efficacy of immunotherapy using antigens of pythium insidiosum in the treatment of vascular pythiosis in humans. | human pythiosis is an emerging disease in the tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. it is caused by the straminipilan, fungus-like, aquatic organism pythium insidiosum. pythiosis occurs in localized as well as systemic or vascular forms. most patients with arterial pythiosis usually have underlying hematologic disorders such as thalassemia and aplastic anemia/paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (pnh) syndrome. vascular pythiosis is characterized by ascending blood vessel infe ... | 2004 | 15315840 |
| identification of emerging human-pathogenic pythium insidiosum by serological and molecular assay-based methods. | pythium insidiosum is a pathogen that causes disease in both animals and humans. human infection is rare; however, when it does occur, most patients, especially those having underlying hemoglobinopathy syndromes, such as thalassemia, exhibit a severe form. we identified four isolates of p. insidiosum. two were recovered from tissue biopsy specimens from thalassemic and leukemic patients, one was derived from brain tissue from a thalassemic patient, and another was isolated from a corneal ulcer f ... | 2004 | 15364977 |
| granulomatous pneumonia caused by pythium insidiosum in a central american jaguar, panthera onca. | a 7-month-old, male jaguar presented with dyspnea and leukocytosis unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. radiographs revealed unilateral pulmonary consolidation. an exploratory thoracotomy was performed, and the left lung, which contained a large multilobular mass with extensive fibrosis and numerous caseonecrotic foci, was removed. microscopically, eosinophilic granulomatous inflammation surrounded broad (4.4-8.3 microm) rarely septate hyphae. a diagnosis of pythium insidiosum infection was confi ... | 2004 | 15586573 |
| pythiosis in a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | a 4.5-yr-old male dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) was evaluated for a mass on the right side of the face. a complete blood count and blood chemistry revealed anemia and hypoproteinemia. radiographs did not reveal bony involvement. the mass was resected and pythium insidiosum was cultured. the camel was treated with an experimental immunotherapeutic vaccine and with sodium iodide and ceftiofur. the camel began to lose weight postoperatively and died 6 mo later. at necropsy, the camel was fo ... | 2004 | 15732604 |
| intestinal canine pythiosis in venezuela confirmed by serological and sequencing analysis. | an 11-months-old mixed terrier male originally from venezuela, was referred to a veterinary hospital with signs of depression, anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea. the illness had begun 1 month earlier. despite antibiotic chemotherapy and vitamins, the disease progressed. radiological exams showed involvement of the small intestine. histopathological studies of tissue samples taken during surgical intervention revealed eosinophilic areas in the center of which, abundant eosinophils, histiocytes and ... | 2005 | 15770447 |
| human pythiosis, brazil. | pythiosis, caused by pythium insidiosum, occurs in humans and animals and is acquired from aquatic environments that harbor the emerging pathogen. diagnosis is difficult because clinical and histopathologic features are not pathognomonic. we report the first human case of pythiosis from brazil, diagnosed by using culture and rdna sequencing. | 2005 | 15890126 |
| gastrointestinal pythiosis in two cats. | two young adult male domestic shorthair cats living in the southeastern united states were evaluated for signs attributable to partial intestinal obstruction. physical examination indicated a palpable abdominal mass in each animal. exploratory laparotomy revealed a large extraluminal mass involving the ileum and mesentery with adjacent mesenteric lymphadenopathy in cat no. 1 and an abscessed mass in the distal duodenum in cat no. 2. mass resection and intestinal anastomosis were performed in bot ... | 2005 | 15945385 |
| epizootic cutaneous pythiosis in beef calves. | enzootic bovine granulomatosis (ebg) is a disease that affects beef calves in the flooded savanna regions of venezuela. although pythium insidiosum was originally the suspected etiologic agent, nothing was done to demonstrate its presence in the infected animals. the objective of this study was to investigate the etiologic agent causing cutaneous lesions in a group of 63 calves diagnosed with ebg. the collected samples were analyzed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, serology, and mycologi ... | 2005 | 15961262 |
| immunology and immunotherapy of the infections caused by pythium insidiosum. | although infections caused by the straminipilan pathogen pythium insidiosum were described in 19th century, it has been only recently that its epidemiology, immunology, treatment and other important traits were extensively studied. these studies were of paramount importance to theorize about the ecological niche for this pathogen, its host-parasite relationships, the antigens used for diagnosis, and the management of the infection using immunotherapy. p. insidiosum triggers in the infected host ... | 2005 | 16320491 |
| identification of a novel 74-kilodalton immunodominant antigen of pythium insidiosum recognized by sera from human patients with pythiosis. | the oomycetous, fungus-like, aquatic organism pythium insidiosum is the etiologic agent of pythiosis, a life-threatening infectious disease of humans and animals that has been increasingly reported from tropical, subtropical, and temperate countries. human pythiosis is endemic in thailand, and most patients present with arteritis, leading to limb amputation and/or death, or cornea ulcer, leading to enucleation. diagnosis of pythiosis is time-consuming and difficult. radical surgery is the main t ... | 2006 | 16672392 |
| clinical and epidemiological analyses of human pythiosis in thailand. | pythiosis is an emerging and life-threatening infectious disease in humans and animals that is caused by the pathogenic oomycete pythium insidiosum. human pythiosis is found mostly in thailand, although disease in animals has been increasingly reported worldwide. clinical information on human pythiosis is limited, and health care professionals are unfamiliar with the disease, leading to underdiagnosis, delayed treatment, and poor prognosis. | 2006 | 16886148 |
| random amplified polymorphic dna typing and phylogeny of pythium insidiosum clinical isolates in thailand. | forty-three pythium insidiosum clinical isolates recovered from human pythiosis cases in thailand were characterized by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. three random oligonucleotide primers, opw11, opw12 and opx13 generated 39, 34 and 35 dna patterns with high value of typeability (100%), reproducibility (98.5, 88.8 and 93.3%) and discriminatory power (0.83, 0.82 and 0.77), respectively. using gelcompar software based on band similarity, the 43 clinical isolates of p. insidiosum ... | 2007 | 17539291 |
| caspofungin in vitro and in vivo activity against brazilian pythium insidiosum strains isolated from animals. | the present study evaluated the susceptibility of 27 clinical isolates of pythium insidiosum to caspofungin in vitro and correlated the results with the therapeutic response in vivo in rabbits with experimental pythiosis. | 2007 | 17785281 |
| isolation and identification of the human pathogen pythium insidiosum from environmental samples collected in thai agricultural areas. | we describe the ecological niche of the human and animal pathogen pythium insidiosum within endemic agricultural areas of thailand. samples were collected from irrigation water, including rice paddy fields, irrigation channels and reservoirs. zoospores of p. insidiosum were captured from water by the use of a sterile human hair baiting technique. pythium isolates were identified based on phenotypic characteristics and by using a specific pcr assay for p. insidiosum. in addition, internal transcr ... | 2008 | 17885956 |
| mapping of pythium insidiosum hyphal antigens and ultrastructural features using tem. | pythium insidiosum, the aetiological agent of pythiosis, has been reported to cause disease in mammals. although several aspects of this pathogen have been extensively investigated, its ultra-structural features and the location and characterization of the antigens expressed during infection have yet to be examined. during this study the ultrastructural characteristics and the mapping of p. insidiosum hyphal antigens from in vitro cultures were investigated. the ultrastructural study showed simi ... | 2007 | 18023165 |
| in vitro activities of voriconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine alone or in combination against pythium insidiosum isolates from brazil. | we evaluated the in vitro activities of voriconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine against 30 clinical isolates of pythium insidiosum using a checkerboard macrodilution method. the combined activity of terbinafine plus itraconazole or plus voriconazole was synergic against 17% of the strains. antagonism was not observed. | 2008 | 18056274 |
| hypercalcemia associated with gastric pythiosis in a dog. | a 20-month-old castrated male labrador retriever with a 3-month history of anorexia, weight loss, and vomiting was evaluated. plasma biochemical abnormalities included marked hyperglobulinemia and hypercalcemia. serum levels of parathyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone-related protein, 25-hydroxyvitamin d, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d were either low or within reference intervals. gastric wall thickening and abdominal lymphadenomegaly were observed with abdominal ultrasonography. cytologic evaluat ... | 2008 | 18366554 |
| cutaneous pythiosis in a nestling white-faced ibis. | a nestling white-faced ibis (plegadis chihi) with multifocal skin ulcerations on the wings, neck, head, and limbs was found in a wetland agricultural region of the central valley in california. pathologic, microbiologic, and molecular findings were consistent with restricted, cutaneous infection by the oomycete pythium insidiosum. the microscopic features of the disease, including intense, necrotizing eosinophilic and granulomatous inflammation, are similar to those previously described in mamma ... | 2008 | 18587102 |
| gastrointestinal pythiosis in 10 dogs from california. | pythium insidiosum is an aquatic oomycete that causes severe segmental thickening of the canine gastrointestinal (gi) tract, resulting in weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, and death. infection in dogs previously has been observed primarily in the southeastern united states. | 2008 | 18647164 |
| cutaneous pythiosis in a nontravelled california horse. | an 18-year-old arabian mare was examined with a large mass on the left hind pastern and fetlock. the mare was located in the central valley of northern california, and had never been out of the state. routine histopathological processing and examination of biopsy samples from the mass showed several hyphal organisms that were delineated with a silver stain. using immunohistochemistry the organism was diagnosed as pythium insidiosum. the owner declined debulking surgery, and despite treatment wit ... | 2008 | 18699814 |
| granulomatous rhinitis associated with pythium insidiosum infection in sheep. | | 2008 | 18757907 |
| in vitro susceptibility of pythium insidiosum and a lagenidium sp to itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, terbinafine, caspofungin, and mefenoxam. | to evaluate the radial growth assay for use in in vitro susceptibility testing of pythium insidiosum and a lagenidium sp and to assess susceptibility of representative isolates to itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, terbinafine, caspofungin, and mefenoxam. | 2008 | 18980428 |
| antibodies in the sera of host species with pythiosis recognize a variety of unique immunogens in geographically divergent pythium insidiosum strains. | studies by western blot analyses have shown that antibodies in the sera of host species infected by pythium insidiosum recognized several prominent proteins expressed by this fungus-like pathogen. although these studies have utilized sera from infected patients and relevant local strains of p. insidiosum, the results are difficult to compare because of the lack of method standardization. in an effort to resolve this issue, we have utilized standardized methodologies to evaluate six p. insidiosum ... | 2009 | 19116305 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of an equine isolate of pythium insidiosum and comparison with the first human isolate from the same geographic region. | pythium insidiosum causes pythiosis, a life-threatening disease that occurs in tropical regions and affects man and animals. although pythiosis in brazil had been described in various animal species, the first human case was only recently reported. the present study aimed to characterize the morphologic and molecular characteristics of a new equine isolate of p. insidiosum and compare them with those of the first brazilian human isolate. both isolates were recovered from the same region of the c ... | 2008 | 19180750 |
| development of an immunochromatographic test for rapid serodiagnosis of human pythiosis. | human pythiosis is an emerging and life-threatening infectious disease caused by the fungus-like organism pythium insidiosum. high rates of morbidity and mortality for patients with pythiosis are exacerbated by the lack of early diagnosis and an effective treatment. here, we developed and evaluated an immunochromatographic test (ict) for the diagnosis of human pythiosis, in comparison to a standard serological test of immunodiffusion (id). culture filtrate antigen of p. insidiosum was used to de ... | 2009 | 19225072 |
| what is your diagnosis? lymph node cytology from a dog. | a 2-year-old, castrated male, mixed-breed dog was presented to the university of florida veterinary medical center with swelling, edema, ulceration, and draining tracts in the region surrounding the left hock. the dog had mild monocytosis and moderate hyperglobulinemia. fine-needle aspirate specimens of the left popliteal lymph node revealed pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis with hyphal organisms. the diameters of the hyphae were variable, ranging from 11 to 22 microm. the organism was considered a ... | 2009 | 19228367 |
| are strains identified as lagenidium sp from dogs actually cryptic isolates of pythium insidiosum? | | 2009 | 19231944 |
| in vitro activity of terbinafine associated to amphotericin b, fluvastatin, rifampicin, metronidazole and ibuprofen against pythium insidiosum. | we evaluated the in vitro activities of terbinafine alone and in combination with amphotericin b, fluvastatin, rifampicin, metronidazole or ibuprofen against 17 clinical isolates of pythium insidiosum. the assays were based on technique m38-a2, as well as the checkerboard microdilution method. the main synergism observed was by combination of terbinafine plus amphotericin b (41.18%). antagonisms were observed in combinations of terbinafine with fluvastatin (35.30%) or rifampicin (5.88%). | 2009 | 19269752 |
| in vitro activity of terbinafine combined with caspofungin and azoles against pythium insidiosum. | in this text we evaluated the in vitro antifungal activities of terbinafine combined with caspofungin, miconazole, ketoconazole, and fluconazole against 17 pythium insidiosum strains by using the microdilution checkerboard method. synergistic interactions were observed with terbinafine combined with caspofungin (41.2% of the strains), fluconazole (41.2%), ketoconazole (29.4%), and miconazole (11.8%). no antagonistic effects were observed. the combination of terbinafine plus caspofungin or terbin ... | 2009 | 19289531 |
| hemagglutination test for rapid serodiagnosis of human pythiosis. | human pythiosis is an emerging, life-threatening infectious disease, caused by the oomycete pythium insidiosum. thailand is an area where human pythiosis is endemic and the genetic blood disorder thalassemia is a predisposing factor. patients with pythiosis present with arterial occlusions of the lower extremities, corneal ulcers, or chronic cutaneous infections. diagnosis relies on time-consuming, relatively insensitive tests such as culture identification and immunodiffusion assay. most patien ... | 2009 | 19494087 |
| vascular pythiosis in a thalassemic patient. | pythium insidiosum is a fungus that causes disease in both animals and humans. human pythiosis is an emerging disease in the tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions of the world, occurring in localized and systemic or vascular forms. most patients with arterial pythiosis have an underlying hemoglobinopathy, such as thalassemia. a case is presented of a thalassemic horse stable worker who developed an ulcerative cutaneous lesion on the lower left leg followed by progressive ascending involve ... | 2009 | 19698307 |
| cutaneous pythiosis in a dog from brazil. | this report describes a case of cutaneous pythiosis in a 6-year-old female mixed breed dog, from the central west region of são paulo state, brazil. the cytological and histopathological analyses showed an intense inflammatory infiltrate with presence of numerous hyphal elements, suggesting infection due to pythium insidiosum. the diagnosis was confirmed by nested-pcr, which was carried out with specific primers derived from the ribosomal dna region. the pathogen occurs in brazil and veterinaria ... | 2010 | 19706006 |
| pythium insidiosum keratitis in contact lens wear: a case report. | the purpose of this study was to report a case of contact lens-related pythium insidiosum corneal ulcer. | 2009 | 19730096 |
| what is your diagnosis? pythium insidiosum or lagenidium sp.? | | 2009 | 19737158 |
| systemic pythium insidiosum in a pediatric burn patient. | | 2010 | 19875237 |
| pythium insidiosum keratitis in an australian child. | a 3-year-old girl from the northern territory developed suppurative keratitis after swimming in pools. a mycelial organism suspected to be pythium insidiosum was cultured. treatment with polyhexamethylene biguanide and voriconazole for 5 days was unsuccessful, and a corneal graft was performed. the infection was cleared and when last seen 14 months after surgery the patient had a stable graft and useful vision. the identification of the organism was confirmed by rrna gene sequencing. p. insidios ... | 2009 | 19878227 |
| morphologic and phylogenetic characterization of conidiobolus lamprauges recovered from infected sheep. | conidiobolus lamprauges, a soil and plant entomophthoralean fungus, has been reported only in a horse and, more recently, in sheep with rhinopharyngeal entomophthoramycosis. thus, little information is available to enable proper identification of this pathogen and its differentiation from other saprotrophic and pathogenic conidiobolus species. using classical mycological tools and molecular methodologies, we report for the first time the taxonomic and phylogenetic description of three c. lamprau ... | 2010 | 20007391 |
| the 74-kilodalton immunodominant antigen of the pathogenic oomycete pythium insidiosum is a putative exo-1,3-beta-glucanase. | the oomycetous, fungus-like, aquatic organism pythium insidiosum is the causative agent of pythiosis, a life-threatening infectious disease of humans and animals living in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. common sites of infection are the arteries, eyes, cutaneous/subcutaneous tissues, and gastrointestinal tract. diagnosis of pythiosis is time-consuming and difficult. radical excision of the infected organs is the main treatment for pythiosis because conventional antifungal drugs are ... | 2010 | 20237199 |
| cutaneous and gastrointestinal pythiosis in a dog in brazil. | the oomycete pythium insidiosum is the pathogenic cause of pythiosis, a life-threatening disease that affects several animal species. canines are the second most affected species, and the disease is characterized by the development of cutaneous and gastrointestinal lesions. while concomitant cutaneous and gastrointestinal lesions are rarely found in the same animal, this report documents a case of concurrent cutaneous and gastrointestinal pythiosis in an 18-month-old female labrador. this dog ha ... | 2010 | 20306346 |
| in vitro paradoxical growth of pythium insidiosum in the presence of caspofungin. | pythium insidiosum is a zoosporic organism which causes pythiosis in humans and animals. this study aimed to report the paradoxical growth of brazilian p. insidiosum strains when submitted to in vitro susceptibility tests with caspofungin. the growth at concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) ranged from 16 to 128 μg/ml and it was observed in 50% of the isolates tested. this paradoxical growth in the presence of caspofungin has been observed with candida and aspergillus s ... | 2010 | 20447776 |
| evaluation of an in-house immunoperoxidase staining assay for histodiagnosis of human pythiosis. | pythiosis, a life-threatening infectious disease of humans and animals in tropical and subtropical countries, is caused by the fungus-like organism pythium insidiosum. as diagnosis of pythiosis is difficult, delayed diagnosis of pythiosis leads to poor prognosis. we developed an immunoperoxidase staining assay using rabbit anti-p. insidiosum antibodies to detect p. insidiosum directly in infected tissues of 19 patients with vascular (n = 11), ocular (n = 7) or cutaneous (n = 1) pythiosis. tissue ... | 2009 | 20578465 |
| pythium insidiosum: an overview. | pythium insidiosum is an oomycete pathogenic in mammals. the infection occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical areas, particularly in horses, dogs and humans. infection is acquired through small wounds via contact with water that contains motile zoospores or other propagules (zoospores or hyphae). the disease, though described as emerging has in fact already been described since 1884. depending on the site of entry, infection can lead to different forms of pythiosis i.e. a cutaneous, vascular, ... | 2010 | 20800978 |
| phylogenetic analysis of pythium insidiosum thai strains using cytochrome oxidase ii (cox ii) dna coding sequences and internal transcribed spacer regions (its). | to investigate the phylogenetic relationship among pythium insidiosum isolates in thailand, we investigated the genomic dna of 31 p. insidiosum strains isolated from humans and environmental sources from thailand, and two from north and central america. we used pcr to amplify the partial cox ii dna coding sequences and the its regions of these isolates. the nucleotide sequences of both amplicons were analyzed by the bioedit program. phylogenetic analysis using genetic distance method with neighb ... | 2011 | 20818919 |