| mycotic gastritis of juvenile ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) caused by saprolegnia diclina type 1. | histopathological and mycological studies were made on mycotic gastritis in juvenile ayu, plecoglossus altivelis. the disease occurred 5 days after the transportation of fish from a hatchery pond to two rearing ponds of tochigi prefectural fisheries experiment station, tochigi, japan. the pyloric region of the stomach was red. numerous fungal hyphae penetrated into the stomach wall. seven fungal isolates were obtained from the lesions. three isolates were identified as saprolegnia diclina type 1 ... | 1993 | 8258859 |
| biotransformation of arachidonic acid and other eicosanoids by the yeast dipodascopsis uninucleata, the oomycete fungi saprolegnia diclina and leptomitus lacteus and the zygomycete fungus mortierella isabellina. | | 1997 | 9561142 |
| sdd17 desaturase can convert arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid in mammalian cells. | the possibility of elevating the omega-3 fatty acid contents in mammalian cells using the sdd17 gene from saprolegnia diclina was investigated in the current study. the nucleotide sequence of the sdd17 gene was optimized and the psdd17-ires-gfp plasmid was introduced into murine 3t3 fibroblast cells by electroporation, following which its heterologous expression was evaluated by fatty acid analysis. evaluation of gfp co-expression and rt-pcr analysis indicated that sdd17 could be expressed at ve ... | 2010 | 20188069 |
| calcium signaling in oomycetes: an evolutionary perspective. | oomycetes are a family of eukaryotic microbes that superficially resemble fungi, but which are phylogenetically distinct from them. these organisms cause major global economic losses to agriculture and fisheries, with representative pathogens being phytophthora infestans, the cause of late potato blight and saprolegnia diclina, the instigator of "cotton molds" in fish. as in all eukaryotes, cytoplasmic ca(2+) is a key second messenger in oomycetes, regulating life-cycle transitions, controlling ... | 2016 | 27092083 |
| saprolegnia diclina: another species responsible for the emergent disease 'saprolegnia infections' in amphibians. | many amphibians are known to suffer embryonic die-offs as a consequence of an emergent disease known as 'saprolegnia infections'. thus far, the only species of saprolegnia shown to be involved in natural infections is saprolegnia ferax. in this study, we have isolated and characterized another saprolegnia species responsible for 'saprolegnia infections' on embryos of bufo calamita in mountainous areas of central spain. the strain was identified as belonging to saprolegnia diclina based on morpho ... | 2008 | 18177304 |
| re-evaluation of the enigmatic species complex saprolegnia diclina-saprolegnia parasitica based on morphological, physiological and molecular data. | the phylogenetic relationships among isolates of the saprolegnia diclina-saprolegnia parasitica complex were investigated based on its rdna sequences, and correlated with morphological and physiological characters. the isolates studied belong to five phylogenetically separate clades. the majority of presumed parasitic isolates, mostly isolated from fish lesions, fell within a clade that comprises isolates which has been variously named as s. diclina type 1, s. parasitica, saprolegnia salmonis or ... | 2007 | 17446097 |
| a novel fungal omega3-desaturase with wide substrate specificity from arachidonic acid-producing mortierella alpina 1s-4. | a filamentous fungus, mortierella alpina 1s-4, is capable of producing not only arachidonic acid (aa; 20:4n-6) but also eicosapentaenoic acid (epa; 20:5n-3) below a cultural temperature of 20 degrees c. here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a gene (maw3) that encodes a novel omega3-desaturase from m. alpina 1s-4. based on the conserved sequence information for m. alpina 1s-4 delta12-desaturase and saccharomyces kluyveri omega3-desaturase, the omega3-desaturase gene from m. alpi ... | 2005 | 15538555 |
| a novel omega3-fatty acid desaturase involved in the biosynthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid. | long-chain n-3 pufas (polyunsaturated fatty acids) such as epa (eicosapentaenoic acid; 20:5 n-3) have important therapeutic and nutritional benefits in humans. in plants, cyanobacteria and nematodes, omega3-desaturases catalyse the formation of these n-3 fatty acids from n-6 fatty acid precursors. here we describe the isolation and characterization of a gene ( sdd17 ) derived from an epa-rich fungus, saprolegnia diclina, that encodes a novel omega3-desaturase. this gene was isolated by pcr ampli ... | 2004 | 14651475 |
| [new applications of nuclear reactions to fluorones to the histochemical & cytological study of the fungus saprolegnia diclina simultaneously with other technics]. | | 1957 | 13585743 |
| vacuolar reticulum in oomycete hyphal tips: an additional component of the ca2+regulatory system? | cultures of achlya sp., phytophthora cinnamomi, saprolegnia diclina, s. ferax, and s. parasitica, treated with 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate solution, accumulate 6-carboxyfluorescein in a reticulate system of fine tubules. the network shows longitudinal polarity within the hyphae, tubules being finest toward the hyphal tips. in more mature subapical regions the network is connected with large vacuoles that also accumulate 6-carboxyfluorescein. a morphologically similar system has also been iden ... | 1997 | 9454648 |
| fungal diseases of fish in nanak sagar, naini tal, india. | eight zoosporic fungi viz., achlya debaryana, a. flagellata, a. klebsiana, aphanomyces laevis, saprolegnia diclina, s. ferax, s. parasitica, and pythium sp. were isolated from a large number of adult fishes of the species mastacembelus armatus, mystus vitatus, nandus nandus, tor putitora and t. tor of nanak sagar reservoir in naini tal district, india. species of the parasites and the hosts were different in their pathogenicity and immunity, respectively. however, a. flagellata and s. parasitica ... | 1995 | 7566059 |
| [2 epidemics of saprolegniosis of fishes caused by saprolegnia ferax (gruith.) and saprolegnia diclina (humphrey)]. | | 1970 | 5515397 |
| quantitative microanalysis of cell walls of saprolegnia diclina humphrey and tremella mesenterica fries. | cell walls of the fungi saprolegnia declina humphrey and tremella mesenterica fries were analyzed quantitatively. particular attention was paid to the hydrolysis and analysis of neutral sugars, amino sugars and amino acids. these components, together with total lipids, total uronic acids and the ashed residue, accounted for more than 90% by weight of the original dry cell wall preparation. there were substantial losses of amino acids during hydrolysis; however, analytical recovery approached 100 ... | 1976 | 953025 |
| fractionation of saprolegnia diclina (oomycetes) satelite dnas by agno3/cs2so4 density gradient centrifugation. | saprolegnia diclina dna has been fractionated using preparative agno3/cs2so4 and cscl density gradients. in addition to the previously identified major satellite dna, there are two minor dna components banding at 1.682 and 1.701 g - cm(-3) in cscl. purified major satellite dna bands at 1.707 g - cm(-3) giving a base composition of 48% g + c in good agreement with 47% g + c calculated from its tm value. the nuclear dna base composition is 58% g + c by both methods. the base composition of the maj ... | 1977 | 922010 |
| irreversible magnetoporation of micro-organisms in high pulsed magnetic fields. | electroporation is an appealing way of stimulating living cells, which causes permanent or temporary nanoporosities in the structure of the biological objects. however, the technique has a disadvantage such as a requirement of contact between the electrodes and the cell medium. in this review, a methodology of contactless treatment of the biological objects using pulsed magnetic fields is proposed. the eukaryotic micro-organisms achlya americana and saprolegnia diclina have been used in the stud ... | 2014 | 25082224 |
| saprolegnia diclina iiia and s. parasitica employ different infection strategies when colonizing eggs of atlantic salmon, salmo salar l. | here, we address the morphological changes of eyed eggs of atlantic salmon, salmo salar l. infected with saprolegnia from a commercial hatchery and after experimental infection. eyed eggs infected with saprolegnia spp. from 10 atlantic salmon females were obtained. egg pathology was investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. eggs from six of ten females were infected with s. parasitica, and two females had infections with s. diclina clade iiia; two saprolegnia isolates remained unid ... | 2016 | 25846807 |
| diversity and evolution of cytochrome p450 monooxygenases in oomycetes. | cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (p450s) are heme-thiolate proteins whose role as drug targets against pathogens, as well as in valuable chemical production and bioremediation, has been explored. in this study we performed comprehensive comparative analysis of p450s in 13 newly explored oomycete pathogens. three hundred and fifty-six p450s were found in oomycetes. these p450s were grouped into 15 p450 families and 84 p450 subfamilies. among these, nine p450 families and 31 p450 subfamilies were ne ... | 2015 | 26129850 |
| diversity of aquatic pseudomonas species and their activity against the fish pathogenic oomycete saprolegnia. | emerging fungal and oomycete pathogens are increasingly threatening animals and plants globally. amongst oomycetes, saprolegnia species adversely affect wild and cultivated populations of amphibians and fish, leading to substantial reductions in biodiversity and food productivity. with the ban of several chemical control measures, new sustainable methods are needed to mitigate saprolegnia infections in aquaculture. here, phylochip-based community analyses showed that the pseudomonadales, particu ... | 2015 | 26317985 |
| using lc-ms based methods for testing the digestibility of a nonpurified transgenic membrane protein in simulated gastric fluid. | the digestibility of a nonpurified transgenic membrane protein was determined in pepsin, as part of the food safety evaluation of its resistance to digestion and allergenic potential. delta-6-desaturase from saprolegnia diclina, a transmembrane protein expressed in safflower for the production of gamma linolenic acid in the seed, could not be obtained in a pure, native form as normally required for this assay. as a novel approach, the endoplasmic reticulum isolated from immature seeds was digest ... | 2016 | 27255301 |
| molecular identification of a bronopol tolerant strain of saprolegnia australis causing egg and fry mortality in farmed brown trout, salmo trutta. | some species of the genus saprolegnia, such as saprolegnia diclina and saprolegnia ferax are responsible for devastating infections on salmonid eggs. members of this group cause saprolegniasis, a disease resulting in considerable economic losses in aquaculture. although both s. diclina and s. ferax have received much attention, the role of other saprolegnia species in infecting fish eggs is less known. for this purpose, we have investigated the aetiology of chronic egg mortality events occurring ... | 2014 | 25088073 |
| omega-3 eicosatetraenoic acid production by molecular breeding of the mutant strain s14 derived from mortierella alpina 1s-4. | we investigated the omega-3 eicosatetraenoic acid (eta) production by molecular breeding of the oleaginous fungus mortierella alpina, which can slightly accumulate eta only when cultivated at a low temperature. the endogenous ω3-desaturase gene or the heterologous saprolegnia diclina δ17 (sdd17m) desaturase gene were overexpressed in m. alpina s14, a δ5-desaturation activity-defective mutant derived from m. alpina 1s-4. m. alpina s14 transformants introduced with the endogenous ω3-desaturase gen ... | 2015 | 25845716 |
| saprolegnia strains isolated from river insects and amphipods are broad spectrum pathogens. | saprolegnia species are destructive pathogens to many aquatic organisms and are found in most parts of the world. reports based on phylogenetic analysis suggest that saprolegnia strains isolated from aquatic animals such as crustaceans and frogs are close to saprolegnia strains isolated from infected fish or fish eggs and vice versa. however, it has often been assumed that host specificity occurs for each individual isolate or strain. here we demonstrate that saprolegnia spp. can have multiple h ... | 2014 | 24295914 |
| reprint of: saprolegnia strains isolated from river insects and amphipods are broad spectrum pathogens. | saprolegnia species are destructive pathogens to many aquatic organisms and are found in most parts of the world. reports based on phylogenetic analysis suggest that saprolegnia strains isolated from aquatic animals such as crustaceans and frogs are close to saprolegnia strains isolated from infected fish or fish eggs and vice versa. however, it has often been assumed that host specificity occurs for each individual isolate or strain. here we demonstrate that saprolegnia spp. can have multiple h ... | 2014 | 25088072 |
| identification and characterization of new δ-17 fatty acid desaturases. | ω-3 fatty acid desaturase is a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids via the oxidative desaturase/elongase pathways. here we report the identification of three ω-3 desaturases from oomycetes, pythium aphanidermatum, phytophthora sojae, and phytophthora ramorum. these new ω-3 desaturases share 55 % identity at the amino acid level with the known δ-17 desaturase of saprolegnia diclina, and about 31 % identity with the bifunctional δ-12/δ-15 desaturase of fusarium monol ... | 2013 | 22639141 |
| clotrimazole as a potent agent for treating the oomycete fish pathogen saprolegnia parasitica through inhibition of sterol 14α-demethylase (cyp51). | a candidate cyp51 gene encoding sterol 14α-demethylase from the fish oomycete pathogen saprolegnia parasitica (spcyp51) was identified based on conserved cyp51 residues among cyps in the genome. it was heterologously expressed in escherichia coli, purified, and characterized. lanosterol, eburicol, and obtusifoliol bound to purified spcyp51 with similar binding affinities (ks, 3 to 5 μm). eight pharmaceutical and six agricultural azole antifungal agents bound tightly to spcyp51, with posaconazole ... | 2014 | 25085484 |
| elucidating the diversity of aquatic microdochium and trichoderma species and their activity against the fish pathogen saprolegnia diclina. | animals and plants are increasingly threatened by emerging fungal and oomycete diseases. amongst oomycetes, saprolegnia species cause population declines in aquatic animals, especially fish and amphibians, resulting in significant perturbation in biodiversity, ecological balance and food security. due to the prohibition of several chemical control agents, novel sustainable measures are required to control saprolegnia infections in aquaculture. previously, fungal community analysis by terminal re ... | 2016 | 26805821 |
| high level accumulation of gamma linolenic acid (c18:3δ6.9,12 cis) in transgenic safflower (carthamus tinctorius) seeds. | gamma linolenic acid (gla; c18:3δ6,9,12 cis), also known as γ-linolenic acid, is an important essential fatty acid precursor for the synthesis of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and important pathways involved in human health. gla is synthesized from linoleic acid (la; c18:2δ9,12 cis) by endoplasmic reticulum associated δ6-desaturase activity. currently sources of gla are limited to a small number of plant species with poor agronomic properties, and therefore an economical and abunda ... | 2011 | 21853296 |