| muscular sarcosporidiosis in the common european weasel, mustela nivalis. | muscular sarcosporidiosis is reported for the first time in the common european weasel, mustela nivalis. the morphology of the sarcocysts is described from fresh and stained histological preparations. attempts to complete the sexual cycle of this mustelid parasite in a tawny owl, strix aluco, are reported and the results discussed in the light of hypothetically likely sources of infection with muscular sarcosporidiosis for carnivores or omnivores, including man and other primates. | 1979 | 110000 |
| herpersvirus strigis: host spectrum and distribution in infected owls. | herpesvirus strigis, a new species of the genus herpesvirus, is a pathogen for several species of owls in the order srigiformes. natural infection has been observed in the eagle owl (bubo bubo l.), long-eared owl (asio otus l.) and snowy owl (nyctea scandiaca l.) in addition the little owl (athene noctua scopolic) and tengmalms owl (aegolius funereus l.) was experimentally infected. on the other hand the tawny owl (strix aluco l.) and barn owl (tyto albo scopoli) proved resistant to a massive ex ... | 1975 | 167204 |
| contribution to the problem of cyst-producing coccidians. | the problem of life cycles of cyst-producing coccidians, mainly those of the genus sarcocystis, from carnivorous birds has been discussed. oocysts of the "sarcocystic" type have been recovered from 9 species of birds of prey and owls from czechoslovakia. the course of experimental infection in a group of birds consisting of the species tyto alba, asio otus, strix aluco, buteo buteo has been described. we inoculated these birds with cystic stages of the genus sarcocystis obtained from white labor ... | 1978 | 416999 |
| exposure to the calls of predators of mice activates defensive mechanisms and inhibits consummatory behaviour in an inbred mouse strain. | as two-minute exposures to the tape-recorded calls of barn and tawny owls activate endogenous opioid-mediated analgesia mechanisms in laboratory mice, the behavioural effects of the calls of a variety of predator and nonpredator species were ethologically assessed. while no clear effect could be seen on cage-orientated behaviour, the calls of the barn owl and tawny owl produced consistent increases in self-orientated, call-orientated and defensive behaviour indicating that these calls were recog ... | 1991 | 1792009 |
| the occurrence of centrorhynchus (acanthocephala) in shrews (sorex araneus and sorex minutus) in the united kingdom. | encysted acanthocephalans belonging to the genus centrorhynchus were found in the body cavities of sorex araneus (common shrew) and sorex minutus (pygmy shrew) from boxworth, cambridgeshire, u.k. fifty percent of the male s. araneus and 67% of the male s. minutus examined were found to be infected, with the mean intensity (+/-sd) being 54.3 +/- 91.3 and 14.7 +/- 18.4, respectively. the species of centrorhynchus in the shrews may be centrorhynchus aluconis, which is distributed widely in tawny ow ... | 1991 | 2040960 |
| [comparative studies of paramyxovirus isolates from wild birds]. | as a result of a surveillance programme in north-germany, paramyxovirus-isolates of serogroup 1 with different pathogenicity were isolated from different species of feral birds (black-headed gull, mallard, tawny owl, tree sparrow, mute swan). in chick embryo fibroblast monolayers these isolates produced plaques exhibiting different plaque morphology. after cloning the isolates, further physicochemical, serological and pathogenicity testings were performed. on the basis of mean death time and int ... | 1989 | 2763760 |
| retinal magnification factor at the ora terminals: a structural study of human and animal eyes. | a geometrical method of calculating retinal magnification factor at the limits of the retinal field, adjacent to the ora terminalis, is described. the method is applied to the eyes of 11 mammalian and avian species, using new anatomical measurements and data from the literature. in the human and monkey eye, magnification at the far periphery is substantially smaller than at the posterior pole; in cat, rabbit, rat and mouse there is lesser reduction; in pigeon, tawny owl and starling magnificatio ... | 1987 | 3424670 |
| occurrence of leucocytozoon and haemoproteus (apicomplexa, haemosporina) in falconiformes and strigiformes of italy. | blood smears from falconiformes (91 birds of 10 species) and strigiformes (23 birds of 5 species) captured in italy, were examined for haematozoa. leucocytozoon were found in falco tinnuculus, buteo buteo, circus cyaneus, circus pygargus, accipiter nisus from falconiformes and in strix aluco, from strigiformes. haemoproteus were found in falco tinnuculus and strix aluco; this latter species harbored mixed infections leucocytozoon-haemoproteus. prevalences were 20.80% in falconiformes and 21.74% ... | 1984 | 6431891 |
| the role of birds as definitive hosts and intermediate hosts of heteroxenous coccidians. | sarcocystis-like oocysts-sporocysts were found in four species of owls (asio otus, bubo bubo, strix aluco, and tyto alba) and in five species of predatory birds (accipiter gentilis, accipiter nisus, buteo buteo, circus aeruginosus, falco tinnunculus). in addition, the muscles of 15 of 41 (36.5%) pheasants (phasianus colchicus) and one of two jays (garrulus glandarius) were found to harbor three types of sarcocystis. three of 15 (20%) infected pheasants had type i cystozoites (6-8 x 2 microns) in ... | 1984 | 6439858 |
| tawny owl (strix aluco) and hume's tawny owl (strix butleri) are distinct species: evidence from nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome b gene. | the cytochrome b gene of the tawny owl (strix aluco), hume's tawny owl (strix butleri) and the african wood owl (strix woodfordii) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and partially sequenced (300 base pairs). sequences differ substantially (9 to 12% nucleotide substitutions) between these taxa indicating that they represent distinct species, which is also implicated from morphological and biogeographic differences. using cytochrome b sequences of s. aluco, s. butleri, s. woodfordii, ... | 1994 | 8018253 |
| centrorhynchus aluconis (acanthocephala) and other helminth species in tawny owls (strix aluco) in great britain. | observations on the distribution of centrorhynchus aluconis (acanthocephala) and 6 other species of helminths in the definitive host strix aluco, in tawny owl, are presented. infected owls were collected from 16 sites ranging from tarbet, strathclyde, scotland, to ewhurst, surrey, in the south of england. in addition, unidentified cyclophyllidean cestodes were found in the alimentary tract of the tawny owls. centrorhynchus aluconis was the most prevalent helminth found and had the highest intens ... | 1993 | 8277390 |
| safety study of the sag2 rabies virus mutant in several non-target species with a view to its future use for the immunization of foxes in europe. | the safety of the sag2 virus, a low virulence mutant of the sad strain, was investigated in ten species of mammals and seven species of birds liable to consume vaccine baits. these species are the western hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus), the meadow vole (microtus arvalis), the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus), the water vole (arvicola terrestris), the field mouse (apodemus flavicollis or a. sylvaticus), the norway rat (rattus norvegicus), the european badger (meles meles), the domestic ferret ... | 1996 | 9014291 |
| trichinella pseudospiralis in sedentary night-birds of prey from central italy. | trichinella pseudospiralis has been isolated from carnivorous and carrion-feeding mammals and birds in eastern europe, asia, australia, and north america, suggesting its cosmopolitan distribution. we conducted a survey to detect this parasite in raptorial and carrion-feeding birds in italy, examining muscles from 205 animals by artificial digestion. we isolated from the breast muscle 1 larva from a tawny owl (strix aluco) and 2 larvae from a little owl (athene noctua). these larvae were identifi ... | 1999 | 10461966 |
| differential behavioural and hormonal responses of voles and spiny mice to owl calls. | rodents usually respond to the presence of owls by reducing overall activity, in particular foraging. in this study, a playback of recorded tawny owl, strix aluco, calls was sufficient to induce a marked effect in the social (gunther's) vole, microtus socialis. some of the voles exposed to owl calls reduced their activity ('freeze' pattern) unlike control voles exposed to a human voice. other voles, however, dashed around the cage ('flee' pattern). owl calls also increased corticosterone levels ... | 1999 | 10564611 |
| seroepizootiology of selected infectious disease agents in free-living birds of prey in germany. | four hundred forty-eight blood plasma samples from free-living birds of prey from berlin and the brandenburg area in eastern germany were tested for antibodies against newcastle disease virus (ndv), falcon herpesvirus (fhv), owl herpesvirus (ohv), and chlamydia psittaci. antibodies to ndv were detected in 6 (2%) of 346 tested diurnal birds of prey, whereas none of the owls (n = 55) was positive. the positive samples originated from two common buzzards (buteo buteo), three ospreys (pandion haliac ... | 2001 | 11272489 |
| aliphatic hydrocarbons in birds of prey from galicia (nw spain). | eleven aliphatic hydrocarbons, unresolved over resolved ratio (u/r), carbon preference index (cpi), pristane/c17 ratio, and totals were determined in six classes of tissues (heart, liver, intestine, muscle, lung, and kidney) of 10 buzzards (buteo buteo), 10 barn owls (tyto alba), and five tawny owls (strix aluco) from galicia (nw spain). among individuals detected at quantifiable levels, in general, c18 was found to be the most abundant. total aliphatic hydrocarbons were detected in 77% tissue s ... | 2001 | 11534951 |
| ostrich ocular optics. | the optical structure of the eyes of ostriches (struthio camelus; struthionidae; struthioniformes) was determined by the construction of a schematic eye model for paraxial optics. the eye is large (axial length = 38 mm) and of globose shape with an anterior focal length (posterior nodal distance) of 21.8 mm. the optical design of the eye is such that the lens and cornea contribute equally to its total optical power. interspecific comparison shows that optically the ostrich eye is a larger scaled ... | 2001 | 11805377 |
| [occurrence of parasites in indigenous birds of prey and owls]. | in the present paper a general overview on parasites in birds of prey and owls is given. this part is followed by a study investigating the prevalences and species of parasites in free-ranging birds of prey and owls in berlin and brandenburg state, germany. over a one year period, 84 birds of prey and owls of the following species were examined for the presence of endo- and ectoparasites: common buzzard (buteo buteo) (n = 32), kestrel (falco tinnunculus) (n = 20), sparrowhawk (accipiter nisus) ( ... | 2002 | 11852683 |
| newcastle disease virus and chlamydia psittaci in free-living raptors from eastern germany. | organ samples from free-living raptors from the federal states of berlin and brandenburg in eastern germany were tested for newcastle disease virus (ndv; n = 331) and chlamydia psittaci (n = 39) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in 18 individuals ndv nucleic acids were detected. these samples originated from barn owls (tyto alba; n = 15, 28%), tawny owl (strix aluco; n = 1, 5%), common buzzard (buteo buteo, n = 1, 1%), and european kestrel (falco tinnunculus; n = 1, 4%). in 29 (74%) of 39 samp ... | 2003 | 12685068 |
| variation of heavy metals within and among feathers of birds of prey: effects of molt and external contamination. | in this study we examined the effect of external contamination on the heavy metal (ag, al, as, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, mn, ni, pb and zn) concentration in feathers. we compared the heavy metal content among the 10 primary wing feathers of sparrowhawks (accipiter nisus), little owls (athene nocta) and barn owls (tyto alba) and the variation within the outermost tail feather of sparrowhawks and tawny owls (strix aluco). the concentration of hg was significantly higher in feathers molted first, sug ... | 2003 | 12758023 |
| helminth fauna of falconiform and strigiform birds of prey in galicia, northwest spain. | this is a survey of the helminth fauna of 285 individuals of 14 species of birds of prey (falconiformes and strigiformes) from galicia (northwest spain), namely buteo buteo, accipiter nisus, a. gentilis, milvus migrans, m. milvus, pernis apivorus, circus pygargus, falco tinnunculus, f. peregrinus, f. subbuteo, tyto alba, strix aluco, asio otus and athene noctua. a total of 15 helminth species were detected, namely 8 nematodes ( eucoleus dispar, capillaria tenuissima, synhimantus laticeps, microt ... | 2004 | 14714181 |
| plasma b-esterase activities in european raptors. | b-esterases are serine hydrolases composed of cholinesterases, including acetylcholinesterase (ache) and butyrylcholinesterase (bche), and carboxylesterase (cbe). these esterases, found in blood plasma, are inhibited by organophosphorus (op) and carbamate (cb) insecticides and can be used as nondestructive biomarkers of exposure to anticholinesterase insecticides. furthermore, b-esterases are involved in detoxification of these insecticides. in order to establish the level of these enzymes and t ... | 2005 | 15827224 |
| salmonella isolates from wild birds and mammals in the basque country (spain). | the authors investigated the prevalence of salmonella spp. in 205 wild birds and mammals belonging to 45 species during the years 2001 and 2002 in the basque country (spain). salmonella was isolated from 16 (7.8%) animals. the prevalence was 8.5% (7/82) in birds, and 7.2% (9/123) in mammals. nine serotypes, all of them belonging to the species salmonella enterica, were identified: two isolates of typhimurium (from 1/3 griffon vultures [gyps fulvus], and 1/5 sparrowhawks [accipiter nisus]); one o ... | 2004 | 15861885 |
| the influence of pleistocene glacial refugia on tawny owl genetic diversity and phylogeography in western europe. | the glacial refugia hypothesis indicates that during the height of the pleistocene glaciations the temperate species that are today widespread in western europe must have survived in small and climatically favourable areas located in the southern peninsulas of iberia, italy and balkans. one such species is the tawny owl, a relatively sedentary, nonmigratory bird presently distributed throughout europe. it is a tree-nesting species closely associated with deciduous and mixed coniferous woodlands. ... | 2005 | 16101775 |
| chronic ocular lesions in tawny owls (strix aluco) injured by road traffic. | the chronic ocular lesions suffered by 50 tawny owls (strix aluco) injured by road traffic were investigated. they included non-healing corneal erosions, cataracts and retinal scarring, and periretinal membrane formation. the intraocular pressure was significantly lower in the eyes with intraocular inflammatory pathology and higher in the eyes with irido- or cyclodialysis than in ophthalmically normal eyes. cicatritial retinal lesions were not associated with high titres of antibodies to toxopla ... | 2006 | 16877681 |
| ultrasonographic and computed tomographic examinations of the avian eye: physiologic appearance, pathologic findings, and comparative biometric measurement. | ultrasonography (us) and computed tomography (ct) were performed after routine ophthalmologic and ophthalmoscopic examinations in 190 eyes of six various diurnal (common buzzard [buteo buteo l., 1758], n = 20; common kestrel [tinnunculus tinnunculus l., 1758], n = 20) and nocturnal raptor species (barn owl [tyto alba l., 1758], n = 22; tawny owl [strix aluco l., 1758], n = 8; long-eared owl [asio otus l., 1758], n = 5; horned owl [bubo bubo l., 1758], n = 1); and domestic pigeons (columba livia, ... | 2006 | 17009515 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in raptors from france. | little is known about the prevalence or importance of toxoplasma gondii infections in raptors. sera from eurasian buzzards (buteo buteo, n=14), tawny owls (strix aluco, n=12), barn owls (tyto alba, n=18), eurasian sparrowhawk (accipiter nisus, n=1), and common kestrels (falco tinnunculus, n=8) were examined for agglutinating antibodies using the modified agglutination test at 1:25 dilution. antibodies were not detected in common kestrels and the eurasian sparrowhawk but were detected in 11 euras ... | 2008 | 18263835 |
| haemosporidian blood parasites in european birds of prey and owls. | avian blood parasites have been intensively studied using morphological methods with limited information on their host specificity and species taxonomic status. now the analysis of gene sequences, especially the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of the avian haemosporidian species of haemoproteus, plasmodium, and leucocytozoon, offers a new tool to review the parasite specificity and status. by comparing morphological and genetic techniques, we observed nearly the same overall prevalence of haemos ... | 2008 | 18605786 |
| accuracy and reproducibility of the tonovet rebound tonometer in birds of prey. | to examine the accuracy and reproducibility of intraocular pressure (iop) measurements obtained by the tonovet rebound tonometer. animals studied freshly enucleated healthy eyes of 44 free-ranging birds of prey out of the species haliaeetus albicilla, accipiter gentilis, accipiter nisus, buteo buteo, falco tinnunculus, strix aluco, asio otus and tyto alba euthanized because of unrelated health problems. | 2010 | 20840094 |
| high seroprevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in wild animals from portugal. | we report an investigation of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in 52 wild birds and 20 wild mammals from northern and central areas of portugal by using the modified agglutination test. the birds comprised 26 common buzzards (buteo buteo), five tawny owls (strix aluco), four white storks (ceconia ceconia), three eurasian eagle owls (bubo bubo), three northern goshawks (accipiter gentilis), two booted eagles (hieraaetus pennatus), two common barn owls (tyto alba), two eurasian sparrowhawks (accipi ... | 2010 | 21104273 |
| reference intervals for intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry in ten raptor species and factors affecting the intraocular pressure. | intraocular pressure (iop) was measured with the tonovet rebound tonometer in 10 raptor species, and possible factors affecting iop were investigated. a complete ophthalmic examination was performed, and iop was assessed in 2 positions, upright and dorsal recumbency, in 237 birds belonging to the families accipitridae, falconidae, strigidae, and tytonidae. mean iop values of healthy eyes were calculated for each species, and differences between families, species, age, sex, left and right eye, as ... | 2011 | 22216716 |
| biting midges (culicoides, diptera) transmit haemoproteus parasites of owls: evidence from sporogony and molecular phylogeny. | haemoproteus parasites are widespread, and several species cause diseases both in birds and blood-sucking insects. these pathogens are transmitted by dipterans belonging to the ceratopogonidae and hippoboscidae, however certain vector species remain unknown for the majority of haemoproteus spp. owls are often infected by haemoproteus parasites, but experimental studies on vectors of these infections are lacking. the aim of this study was to investigate sporogonic development of two widespread ha ... | 2015 | 26041656 |
| occurrence of giardia and cryptosporidium in wild birds in galicia (northwest spain). | faecal samples were obtained from 433 wild birds being treated in wildlife recovery centres in galicia (northwest spain), between february 2007 and september 2009. the birds belonged to 64 species representing 17 different orders. giardia cysts and cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by an immunofluorescence antibody test and identified at the molecular level by established pcr-sequencing methods. the overall prevalence of giardia was 2·1% and that of cryptosporidium, 8·3%. to our knowledge, t ... | 2015 | 25669618 |
| epidemiological study of newcastle disease in backyard poultry and wild bird populations in switzerland. | blood samples and cloacal swabs from poultry were collected in 107 small chicken flocks and 62 pure-bred poultry flocks to determine their status regarding newcastle disease virus (ndv) infection. a questionnaire emphasizing potential contacts of poultry with wild birds and management practices associated with ndv infection was completed for each flock. additionally, 1576 wild bird carcasses of 115 different bird species were collected from hunters and taxidermists. poultry sera and tissue fluid ... | 1999 | 26915382 |
| genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance among coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered from birds of prey in portugal. | wild animal populations in contact with antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistant bacteria that are daily released into the environment are able to become unintentional hosts of these resistant microorganisms. to clarify this issue, our study evaluated the presence of antibiotic resistance determinants on coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered from birds of prey and studied their genetic relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the unusual vga(a) and erm(t) genes, which confe ... | 2016 | 26990729 |
| genetic characterization of oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates from wild birds indicates that genotype is associated with host species, diet and presence of pathognomonic lesions. | oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates of wild birds from spain were studied. a total of 1688 samples (1214 of predator birds and 474 of prey species) from wildlife recovery centres and scientific bird-ringing campaigns were analysed from 2011 to 2013. the overall infection prevalence was 20.3% (11.4% in predator birds and 43.3% in prey species). pathognomonic lesions were present in 26% of the infected birds (57.3% in predator birds and 4.9% in prey species). the most commonly parasitized species w ... | 2014 | 25262786 |
| temporal trends in mercury concentrations in raptor flight feathers stored in an environmental specimen bank in galicia (nw spain) between 2000 and 2013. | temporal trends in hg concentrations were investigated in primary flight feathers from 319 specimens of three birds of prey: p7 in the northern goshawk (accipiter gentilis), p6 in the common buzzard (buteo buteo) and p5 in the tawny owl (strix aluco). the samples were stored in a regional environmental specimen bank and belonged to specimens which died between 2000 and 2013 in galicia (nw spain). we would expect to see a decline in hg concentrations across the study period, as data of atmospheri ... | 2017 | 27995410 |
| food availability and predation risk, rather than intrinsic attributes, are the main factors shaping the reproductive decisions of a long-lived predator. | deciphering the causes of variation in reproductive success is a fundamental issue in ecology, as the number of offspring produced is an important driver of individual fitness and population dynamics. little is known, however, about how different factors interact to drive variation in reproduction, such as whether an individual's response to extrinsic conditions (e.g. food availability or predation) varies according to its intrinsic attributes (e.g. age, previous allocation of resources towards ... | 2016 | 26990178 |
| age and sex-selective predation moderate the overall impact of predators. | currently, there is no general agreement about the extent to which predators impact prey population dynamics and it is often poorly predicted by predation rates and species abundances. this could, in part be caused by variation in the type of selective predation occurring. notably, if predation is selective on categories of individuals that contribute little to future generations, it may moderate the impact of predation on prey population dynamics. however, despite its prevalence, selective pred ... | 2015 | 25334013 |
| evaluation of different contour feather types for biomonitoring lead exposure in northern goshawk (accipiter gentilis) and tawny owl (strix aluco). | the concentration of pb was determined in feathers (contour feathers: mantle, pectoral, ventral, and primary- and secondary-coverts) of two sedentary species of raptors in galicia (nw spain): the tawny owl (strix aluco) and the northern goshawk (accipiter gentilis). a high degree of intraindividual variability was observed in all types of feathers, with coefficients of variation exceeding 100 percent. the correlations between feather types were too low to enable use of a single type of body feat ... | 2012 | 22975688 |
| use of raptors for biomonitoring of heavy metals: gender, age and tissue selection. | the concentrations of cadmium, mercury and lead were determined in liver, kidney and feathers of accipiter gentilis, buteo buteo and strix aluco. no significant differences in the concentrations of metals were observed in relation to either age or gender. cadmium levels in feathers and in kidney were significantly correlated (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) in all species. in b. buteo, cadmium concentrations in feathers and in liver were also correlated (p < 0.01), as were the concentrations of lead in fe ... | 2011 | 21336862 |
| feather corticosterone content in predatory birds in relation to body condition and hepatic metal concentration. | this study investigated the feasibility of measuring corticosterone in feathers from cryo-archived raptor specimens, in order to provide a retrospective assessment of the activity of the stress axis in relation to contaminant burden. feather samples were taken from sparrowhawk accipiter nisus, kestrel falco tinnunculus, buzzard buteo buteo, barn owl tyto alba, and tawny owl strix aluco and the variation in feather cort concentrations with respect to species, age, sex, feather position, and body ... | 2015 | 25776461 |
| an anti-predator response in the great tit (parus major): is it tuned to predator risk? | two semi-quantitative predictions about the intensity of defence against a predator based on the associated costs and benefits as a function of predator species, were examined in great tits (parus major) feeding nestlings. one premise was that defence behaviour is adaptive. defence comprised of vocalizing and homing in on a live raptor near the nest hole. the intensity of defence as judged by two measures of approaching (minimum distance, average distance) varies with the species of raptor, i.e. ... | 1983 | 28310538 |
| some species of centrorhynchus lühe, 1911 (acanthocephala: centrorhynchidae) from the collection of the natural history museum, london. | seven species of centrorhynchus lühe, 1911 are present in the parasitic worms collection of the natural history museum, london: c. aluconis (müller, 1780) lühe, 1911 from strix aluco linnaeus in great britain; c. buteonis (schrank, 1788) kostylev, 1914 from accipiter virgatus (temminck) (new host record) in sri lanka (new geographical record); c. clitorideus (meyer, 1931) golvan, 1956 from athene brama (temminck) (new host record) in india; c. crotophagicola schmidt and neiland, 1966 (encysted j ... | 2005 | 16167121 |
| the impact of climate and cyclic food abundance on the timing of breeding and brood size in four boreal owl species. | the ongoing climate change has improved our understanding of how climate affects the reproduction of animals. however, the interaction between food availability and climate on breeding has rarely been examined. while it has been shown that breeding of boreal birds of prey is first and foremost determined by prey abundance, little information exists on how climatic conditions influence this relationship. we studied the joint effects of main prey abundance and ambient weather on timing of breeding ... | 2011 | 20665047 |
| [parasite fauna of austrian owls (strigiformes)]. | during the examination of 182 owls--asio otus (51), strix aluco (44), bubo bubo (34), nyctea scandiaca (15), athene noctua (14), otus scops (9), tyto alba (4), aegolius funereus (3), glaucidium passerinum (2), asio flammeus (2), indigenous "owls" (4)--5 protozoan species, 3 trematode species, 1 cestode species, 6 nematode species, 3 acanthocephalan species, 2 acaride species and 7 insect species could be discovered. dermanyssus hirundinis was proved on the long-eared owl and carnus hemapterus on ... | 1982 | 7165130 |
| cyclic population changes in three mouse species in the same woodland. | in two forest areas of west berlin the population-changes in three mouse species have been investigated over 28 years (1952-1979). significant changes in absolute density have been established for the short-tailed vole (microtus agrestis) at 5-year intervals, for the common vole (microtus arvalis) at 4-year intervals, and for the yellow-necked field mouse (apodemus flavicollis) at 3-year intervals. the investigations were based on a total of 43,535 small vertebrates, 90% of which had been found ... | 1981 | 28309926 |
| | in the biggest forest of west berlin, the grunewald, with an area of 3100 ha, the yellow-necked field mouse (apodemus flavicollis) is the most abundant vertebrate. from 1952 to 1973 i collected owl pellets (9/10 of which were tawny owl pellets) from the west berlin area, and found in them 35041 vertebrates. during the investigation it was found that the actual percentage of apodemus flavicollis in the total prey from the nesting tawny olws (strix aluco) in the grunewald showed a noticeable peak ... | 1975 | 28308703 |
| an overview of existing raptor contaminant monitoring activities in europe. | biomonitoring using raptors as sentinels can provide early warning of the potential impacts of contaminants on humans and the environment and also a means of tracking the success of associated mitigation measures. examples include detection of heavy metal-induced immune system impairment, pcb-induced altered reproductive impacts, and toxicity associated with lead in shot game. authorisation of such releases and implementation of mitigation is now increasingly delivered through eu-wide directives ... | 2014 | 24632328 |
| comparative analysis of complete mitochondrial dna control region of four species of strigiformes. | the sequence of the whole mitochondrial (mt) dna control region (cr) of four species of strigiformes was obtained. length of the cr was 3,290 bp, 2,848 bp, 2,444 bp, and 1,771 bp for asio flammeus, asio otus, athene noctua, and strix aluco, respectively. interestingly, the length of the control region was maximum in asio flammeus among all the avian mtdna control regions sequenced thus far. in addition, the base composition and organization of mtdna cr of asio flammeus were identical to those re ... | 2006 | 17112967 |
| acanthocephalans of the genus centrorhynchus (palaeacanthocephala: centrorhynchidae) of birds of prey (falconiformes) and owls (strigiformes) in slovakia. | three species of thorny-headed worms of the genus centrorhynchus were found to parasitize birds of prey and owls in the territory of the slovakia during the years 2012-2014. out of 286 examined bird individuals belonging to 23 species, only buteo buteo, buteo rufinus, falco tinnunculus (falconiformes), asio otus, strix aluco, strix uralensis and tyto alba (strigiformes) were infected by acanthocephalans. all the bird species except for s. aluco represent new host records for slovakia. the most p ... | 2015 | 25786606 |
| high exposure rates of anticoagulant rodenticides in predatory bird species in intensively managed landscapes in denmark. | the extensive use of anticoagulant rodenticides (ars) for rodent control has led to widespread secondary exposure in nontarget predatory wildlife species. we investigated exposure rates and concentrations of five ars in liver samples from five raptors and six owls from denmark. a total of 430 birds were analysed. ars were detected in 84-100 % of individual birds within each species. multiple ar exposure was detected in 73 % of all birds. average number of substances detected in individual birds ... | 2012 | 22588365 |
| prognostic indicators associated with early mortality of wild raptors admitted to a wildlife rehabilitation centre in spain. | assessment of the prognostic indicators of wildlife casualties is critical in wildlife rehabilitation practice, to optimize the use of economical resources, and to protect animal welfare. few studies have been conducted in this field. | 2015 | 25443779 |
| a comparative study of corneal sensitivity in birds of prey. | to determine and compare the corneal sensitivity in healthy wild diurnal and nocturnal birds of prey (bp) indigenous to catalonia (spain), and to establish if age is a determining factor in corneal sensitivity in those species. | 2014 | 23750555 |
| helminth communities of owls (strigiformes) indicate strong biological and ecological differences from birds of prey (accipitriformes and falconiformes) in southern italy. | we compared the helminth communities of 5 owl species from calabria (italy) and evaluated the effect of phylogenetic and ecological factors on community structure. two host taxonomic scales were considered, i.e., owl species, and owls vs. birds of prey. the latter scale was dealt with by comparing the data here obtained with that of birds of prey from the same locality and with those published previously on owls and birds of prey from galicia (spain). a total of 19 helminth taxa were found in ow ... | 2012 | 23300921 |
| schirmer tear test type i readings and intraocular pressure values assessed by applanation tonometry (tonopen® xl) in normal eyes of four european species of birds of prey. | to determine normal values for schirmer tear test i and intraocular pressure in four european species of birds of prey. | 2013 | 23173951 |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium monophasic variant 4,12:i:- isolated from asymptomatic wildlife in a catalonian wildlife rehabilitation center, spain. | wildlife can act as long-term asymptomatic reservoirs for zoonotic bacteria, such as salmonella. the prevalence and antimicrobial-susceptibility profiles of salmonella spp. were assessed in 263 cases in wildlife from 22 animal orders from a wildlife rehabilitation center in catalonia (ne spain), september 2013-may 2014. eleven of 263 tested animals were positive for salmonella spp., representing an overall prevalence of 4.2%. prevalences by taxonomic categories were 2% in mammals, 4.7% in birds, ... | 2015 | 25973627 |
| determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from buzzards (buteo buteo) and tawny owl (strix aluco) by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. | supercritical fluid extraction was applied to the determination of naturally contaminated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in bird tissue by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (lc-fl). recoveries (> 90%) and relative standard deviations (< or = 7.7%) were satisfactory. the levels of 10 pahs were analyzed in 6 classes of tissues (heart, liver, intestine, muscle, lung, and kidney) of 10 buzzards and 2 tawny owls, predatory birds from the galicia (northwest spain). the pahs fo ... | 2016 | 11878593 |
| the calls of murine predators activate endogenous analgesia mechanisms in laboratory mice. | in view of the suggested role of endogenous analgesia mechanisms as an antipredator defense mechanism, the effects on nociception of exposure to the calls of various murine predatory and nonpredatory species were assessed. data revealed that the calls of the tawny owl, barn owl and common gull all induced significant analgesia following exposure to 2 min of birdsong. time course analysis revealed the analgesia induced by the tawny owl call to have a duration in excess of 40 min while the barn ow ... | 1991 | 1648243 |
| comparison of pfass contamination in the freshwater and terrestrial environments by analysis of eggs from osprey (pandion haliaetus), tawny owl (strix aluco), and common kestrel (falco tinnunculus). | the level of pfas (per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances) contamination in freshwater and terrestrial swedish environments in 2013/2014 was assessed by analyzing a range of perfluorinated alkyl acids, fluorotelomer acids, sulfonamides, sulfonamidoethanols and polyfluoralkyl phosphate diesters (dipaps) in predator bird eggs. stable isotopes ((13)c and (15)n) were analyzed to elucidate the dietary source. the tawny owl (strix aluco, n=10) and common kestrel (falco tinnunculus, n=40), two terre ... | 2016 | 27174782 |
| morphological features of the tongue and laryngeal entrance in two predatory birds with similar feeding preferences: common kestrel (falco tinnunculus) and hume's tawny owl (strix butleri). | the aim of this investigation was to describe the morphological characters of the tongue of two predatory birds with similar feeding preferences, i.e. the common kestrel and hume's tawny owl. descriptive information on the lingual morphology of these two birds, particularly hume's tawny owl, is incomplete. we found that the lingual apex of the owl has an oval, concave, shovel-like form with a bifid lingual tip, while that of the kestrel has the shape of a horny tip-like spoon with a central proc ... | 2016 | 27084364 |
| haemoproteus ilanpapernai n. sp. (apicomplexa, haemoproteidae) in strix seloputo from singapore: morphological description and reassignment of molecular data. | haemoproteus ilanpapernai karadjian and landau n. sp. from the spotted wood owl, strix seloputo, in singapore is described from material from ilan paperna's collection of slides. the species was previously identified as haemoproteus syrnii (mayer, 1910). however, comparisons between the material from strix seloputo and our own material from strix aluco, the type host of h. syrnii, revealed morphological and molecular differences. h. ilanpapernai n. sp. differs morphologically from h. syrnii by t ... | 2014 | 24759652 |
| haemoproteus syrnii in strix aluco from france: morphology, stages of sporogony in a hippoboscid fly, molecular characterization and discussion on the identification of haemoproteus species. | in france, haemoproteus syrnii is frequently found in the tawny owl, strix aluco. additional and complementary features of this species, and in particular the characteristics of volutin, are presented. the authors consider the volutin granules as constant in a given species, and discuss their taxonomic value. these cytoplasmic inclusions appear early during the first stages of development of the gametocytes as an initial granule which multiplies as the parasite develops. they were reported in so ... | 2013 | 24029169 |
| species differences in avian serum b esterases revealed by chromatofocusing and possible relationships of esterase activity to pesticide toxicity. | serum cholinesterase (bche) and carboxylesterase (cbe) activities were investigated in ten species of birds. multiple forms of serum bche and cbe were also separated by chromatofocusing. higher cbe activity and a wider range of cbe and bche forms were present in the sera of omnivorous/herbivorous birds than carnivores. omnivores/herbivores studied were the starling, house sparrow, tree sparrow, pigeon, partridge and magpie. serum cbe activities of these species ranged from 0.46 to 2.93 mumol/min ... | 1991 | 2009098 |
| hematologic reference intervals and age effect in european strigiformes. | the clinical importance of hematologic testing in avian veterinary medicine is reflected in the increasing number of studies for the establishment of hematologic ris of strigiformes and other species. age is an important physiologic factor in birds and the effect on hematology variable should be understood. | 2017 | 28712138 |
| pale and dark morphs of tawny owls show different patterns of telomere dynamics in relation to disease status. | parasites are expected to exert long-term costs on host fecundity and longevity. understanding the consequences of heritable polymorphic variation in disease defence in wild populations is essential in order to predict evolutionary responses to changes in disease risk. telomeres have been found to shorten faster in malaria-diseased individuals compared with healthy ones with negative effects on longevity and thereby fitness. here, we study the impact of haemosporidian blood parasites on telomere ... | 2017 | 28747482 |
| tawny owl (strix aluco) as a potential transmitter of enterobacteriaceae epidemiologically relevant for forest service workers, nature protection service and ornithologists. | established taxa within the enterobacteriaceae wereisolated from cloacal swabs of strix aluco chicks in nest boxes located at five research sites. chromid esbl medium (biomerieux) was used to select a pool of enterobacteriaceae strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. drug sensitivity of the chosen strains was determined from the full pool of enterobacteriaceae to 6 chemotherapeutics of different mechanisms of action. the study evaluated the sensitivity of esbl-synthesizing isolates ... | 2017 | 28378973 |
| study of temporal trends in mercury concentrations in the primary flight feathers of strix aluco. | temporal trends in hg concentrations were determined in the primary flight feathers of 146 specimens of strix aluco which had died in various wildlife recovery centres in galicia (nw spain) between 1997 and 2014. the aim of the study was to determine whether standardization of a primary flight feather (or feathers) in this species is essential for identifying temporal trends in hg concentrations. for this purpose, we had to first standardize the feather(s) analyzed to enable comparison of the le ... | 2016 | 27123972 |
| kinematic constituents of the extreme head turn of strix aluco estimated by means of ct-scanning. | to analyze extreme sideways turn of the head in owls, a total fresh specimen of strix aluco was frozen in respective posture and ct-scanned. the maximum turn to one side was found to be 360°, provided that the head is drawn into the shoulders. 160° of this full turn are ensured by the neck axial rotation (this includes ~90° twist of the head relative to epistropheus and, posterior to it, less than 15° per every cervical joint), and the rest 200° are ensured by combination of dorsal and lateral f ... | 2016 | 27021365 |
| sex- and melanism-specific variations in the oxidative status of adult tawny owls in response to manipulated reproductive effort. | oxidative stress, determined by the balance between the production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ros) and antioxidant defences, is hypothesized to play an important role in shaping the cost of reproduction and life history trade-offs. to test this hypothesis, we manipulated reproductive effort in 94 breeding pairs of tawny owls (strix aluco) to investigate the sex- and melanism-specific effects on markers of oxidative stress in red blood cells (rbcs). this colour polymorphic bird species ... | 2016 | 26567343 |
| dna barcoding of iberian peninsula and north africa tawny owls strix aluco suggests the strait of gibraltar as an important barrier for phylogeography. | eight subspecies have been proposed within the tawny owl (strix aluco) species. however, recent molecular data have challenged this view, encouraging further work in this species complex. here we reevaluated the taxonomic status between the north-western african tawny owl, s. a. mauritanica, and its closest iberian tawny owl population (from the s. a. sylvatica to s. a. aluco clade) separated by the strait of gibraltar. the tawny owl is a non-migratory and territorial species, and juvenile dispe ... | 2016 | 26465068 |
| clutch size of a vole-eating bird of prey as an indicator of vole abundance. | voles are often considered as harmful pests in agriculture and silviculture. then, the knowledge of their abundance may be of considerable economical importance. commonly used methods in the monitoring of vole abundances are relatively laborious, expensive, and spatially quite restricted. we demonstrate how the mean clutch size of the tawny owl strix aluco may be cost-effectively used to predict relative densities of voles over large areas. besides installing a number of suitable nest boxes, thi ... | 2015 | 26307687 |
| variation in concentrations of organochlorines and brominated flame retardants among eggs in abandoned clutches of a terrestrial raptor. | bird eggs are often used to measure various pollutants in monitoring programs. in protected species, however, it might only be possible to collect eggs abandoned by the parent birds. in order to assess the appropriateness of abandoned eggs for contaminant monitoring we examined intra-clutch variation in concentrations of 24 halogenated organic pollutants (16 organochlorines [ocs] and 8 brominated flame retardants) in six abandoned tawny owl (strix aluco) clutches from central norway. the variati ... | 2015 | 25463262 |
| perfluoroalkyl substance concentrations in a terrestrial raptor: relationships to environmental conditions and individual traits. | accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (pops) in wildlife may be influenced by the physical and biotic environment, and concentrations vary greatly among areas, seasons, and individuals. different hypotheses about sources of variation in perfluoroalkyl substance (pfas) concentrations were examined in eggs (n = 107) of tawny owls (strix aluco) collected over a 24-yr period (1986-2009) in norway. predictor variables included the north atlantic oscillation (nao), temperature, snow, food avai ... | 2015 | 25323676 |
| dampening prey cycle overrides the impact of climate change on predator population dynamics: a long-term demographic study on tawny owls. | predicting the dynamics of animal populations with different life histories requires careful understanding of demographic responses to multifaceted aspects of global changes, such as climate and trophic interactions. continent-scale dampening of vole population cycles, keystone herbivores in many ecosystems, has been recently documented across europe. however, its impact on guilds of vole-eating predators remains unknown. to quantify this impact, we used a 27-year study of an avian predator (taw ... | 2014 | 24634279 |
| melanin-specific life-history strategies. | the maintenance of genetic variation is a long-standing issue because the adaptive value of life-history strategies associated with each genetic variant is usually unknown. however, evidence for the coexistence of alternative evolutionary fixed strategies at the population level remains scarce. because in the tawny owl (strix aluco) heritable melanin-based coloration shows different physiological and behavioral norms of reaction, we investigated whether coloration is associated with investment i ... | 2014 | 24464200 |
| relative effects of road risk, habitat suitability, and connectivity on wildlife roadkills: the case of tawny owls (strix aluco). | despite its importance for reducing wildlife-vehicle collisions, there is still incomplete understanding of factors responsible for high road mortality. in particular, few empirical studies examined the idea that spatial variation in roadkills is influenced by a complex interplay between road-related factors, and species-specific habitat quality and landscape connectivity. | 2013 | 24278226 |
| pleiotropy in the melanocortin system: expression levels of this system are associated with melanogenesis and pigmentation in the tawny owl (strix aluco). | the adaptive function of melanin-based coloration is a long-standing debate. a recent genetic model suggested that pleiotropy could account for covariations between pigmentation, behaviour, morphology, physiology and life history traits. we explored whether the expression levels of genes belonging to the melanocortin system (mc1r, pomc, pc1/3, pc2 and the antagonist asip), which have many pleiotropic effects, are associated with melanogenesis (through variation in the expression of the genes mit ... | 2013 | 24033481 |
| temporal trends (1986-2005) of essential and non-essential elements in a terrestrial raptor in northern europe. | in the recent decades, the atmospheric deposition of many metals has declined in northern europe, mostly due to reductions of emissions in other parts of the europe. however, less is known about the temporal trends at higher trophic levels in terrestrial food chains. in this study we measured 39 different essential and non-essential elements in tawny owl (strix aluco) tail-feathers (n=633) collected annually between 1986 and 2005 in central norway. there was a strong decline in lead (pb) concent ... | 2013 | 23644358 |
| impacts of climate and feeding conditions on the annual accumulation (1986-2009) of persistent organic pollutants in a terrestrial raptor. | the relationships between climate variability, feeding conditions, and the annual accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-dde) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbde) in eggs (n = 168) of tawny owls (strix aluco) were assessed over a 24-year period (1986-2009) in central norway. winter climate variables included the north atlantic oscillation (nao) and snow conditions, whereas feeding conditions were assessed using vole abundance. t ... | 2011 | 21842888 |
| blood parasites mediate morph-specific maintenance costs in a colour polymorphic wild bird. | parasites can mediate profound negative effects on host fitness. colour polymorphism has been suggested to covary genetically with intrinsic physiological properties. tawny owl colour polymorphism is highly heritable with two main morphs, grey and brown. we show that experimental medication acts to reduce blood parasites and that medicated grey females maintain body mass during breeding, whereas medicated brown females decline in body mass similar to control females of both morphs. we find no ef ... | 2011 | 21599778 |
| natal conditions alter age-specific reproduction but not survival or senescence in a long-lived bird of prey. | 1. natal conditions and senescence are two major factors shaping life-history traits of wild animals. however, such factors have rarely been investigated together, and it remains largely unknown whether they interact to affect age-specific performance. 2. we used 27 years of longitudinal data collected on tawny owls with estimates of prey density (field voles) from kielder forest (uk) to investigate how prey density at birth affects ageing patterns in reproduction and survival. 3. natal conditio ... | 2011 | 21466554 |
| pale and dark reddish melanic tawny owls differentially regulate the level of blood circulating pomc prohormone in relation to environmental conditions. | knowledge of the hormonal pathway controlling genotype-specific norms of reaction would shed light on the ecological factors to which each genotype is adapted. environmentally mediated changes in the sign and magnitude of covariations between heritable melanin-based colouration and fitness components are frequent, revealing that extreme melanin-based phenotypes can display different physiological states depending on the environment. yet, the hormonal mechanism underlying this phenomenon is poorl ... | 2011 | 21384176 |
| climate change drives microevolution in a wild bird. | to ensure long-term persistence, organisms must adapt to climate change, but an evolutionary response to a quantified selection pressure driven by climate change has not been empirically demonstrated in a wild population. here, we show that pheomelanin-based plumage colouration in tawny owls is a highly heritable trait, consistent with a simple mendelian pattern of brown (dark) dominance over grey (pale). we show that strong viability selection against the brown morph occurs, but only under snow ... | 2011 | 21343926 |
| temporal trends and pattern of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in tawny owl (strix aluco) eggs from norway, 1986-2009. | temporal trends of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (pfcs) were examined in tawny owl (strix aluco) eggs collected in central norway over a period of 24 years (1986-2009). concentrations of 12 pfcs, including c(6)-c(8), c(10) perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (pfsas), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (pfosa), and c(8)-c(14) perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (pfcas), were measured, whereas saturated and unsaturated fluorotelomer carboxylates and shorter chain pfsas and pfcas were not detected. perfluorooctane sulfonate (p ... | 2011 | 21244094 |
| mydriatic effect of topically applied rocuronium bromide in tawny owls (strix aluco): comparison between two protocols. | to evaluate the mydriatic efficacy of a neuromuscular blocking agent (rocuronium bromide) applied topically to only one eye of nocturnal birds of prey and to assess for any general and/or local adverse effects due to its use. animal studied twelve healthy adult tawny owls (strix aluco) were randomly divided in two groups. | 2010 | 20840085 |
| tetrameres species parasites in tawny owls (strix aluco). | | 2010 | 20710035 |
| conjunctival flora in tawny owls (strix aluco). | | 2010 | 20495167 |
| pulsed resources affect the timing of first breeding and lifetime reproductive success of tawny owls. | 1. according to life-history theory, environmental variability and costs of reproduction account for the prevalence of delayed reproduction in many taxa. empirical estimates of the fitness consequences of different ages at first breeding in a variable environment are few however such that the contributions of environmental and individual variability remains poorly known. 2. our objectives were to elucidate processes that underpin variation in delayed reproduction and to assess lifetime consequen ... | 2010 | 19912425 |
| synergistic and antagonistic interaction between different branches of the immune system is related to melanin-based coloration in nestling tawny owls. | when exposed to parasites, hosts often mount energetically expensive immune responses, and this may alter resource allocation between competing life history traits including other components of the immune system. here, we investigated whether a humoral immune challenge towards a vaccine reduces or enhances the cutaneous immune responses towards an injection of lipopolysaccharid (lps, innate immunity) and phytohaemagglutinin (pha, t-cell immunity) in nestling tawny owls in interaction with the de ... | 2009 | 19796085 |
| pheomelanin-based coloration and the ability to cope with variation in food supply and parasitism. | although gene by environment interactions may play a key role in the maintenance of genetic polymorphisms, little is known about the ecological factors involved in these interactions. we investigated whether food supply and parasites can mediate covariation between the degree of adult pheomelanin-based coloration, a heritable trait, and offspring body mass in the tawny owl (strix aluco). we swapped clutches between nests to allocate genotypes randomly among environments. three weeks after hatchi ... | 2009 | 19691438 |
| population dynamics in a cyclic environment: consequences of cyclic food abundance on tawny owl reproduction and survival. | 1. understanding which factors regulate population dynamics may help us to understand how a population would respond to environmental change, and why some populations are declining. 2. in southern finland, vole abundance shows a three-phased cycle of low, increase and decrease phases, but these have been fading out in recent years. during five such cycles (1981-1995), all tawny owls strix aluco were censused in a 250-km(2) study area, and their reproduction and survival were monitored. 3. males ... | 2009 | 19493132 |
| strength and cost of an induced immune response are associated with a heritable melanin-based colour trait in female tawny owls. | 1. melanin pigments provide the most widespread source of coloration in vertebrates, but the adaptive function of such traits remains poorly known. 2. in a wild population of tawny owls (strix aluco), we investigated the relationships between plumage coloration, which varies continuously from dark to pale reddish, and the strength and cost of an induced immune response. 3. the degree of reddishness in tawny owl feather colour was positively correlated with the concentration of phaeomelanin and e ... | 2009 | 19175442 |
| reproduction and survival of tawny owls in relation to persistent organic pollutants. | the potential effects of organochlorines (ocs) and brominated flame retardants on reproduction and survival were studied in tawny owls (strix aluco) in central norway over a period of 19 years (1986-2004). concentrations of 14 ocs and five polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) were measured in eggs (n=104), and principal component analysis was used to produce composite measurements of pollutants; i.e. pc1 and pc2, which accounted for 85% of the variation in contaminant concentrations. there was ... | 2009 | 18930319 |
| hematologic, biochemical, and protein electrophoretic values in captive tawny owls (strix aluco). | the tawny owl (strix aluco) is a protected species in italy. orphaned, injured, and ill owls often are sheltered and treated in rehabilitation centers, where hematologic and biochemical analyses would be helpful to evaluate and monitor the status of their health. | 2008 | 18533924 |
| temporal trends (1986-2004) of organochlorines and brominated flame retardants in tawny owl eggs from northern europe. | eggs (n = 139) from tawny owls (strix aluco) were collected annually (1986-2004) in central norway and analyzed for organochlorines (ocs) and brominated flame retardants (bfrs). p,p'-dde (2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were the dominating contaminants (mean/median = 2.7/1.7 and 2.9/1.6 microg/g, lipid weight [l.w.], respectively), comprising 90% of the contaminant burden. other ocs (hexachlorobenzene [hcb], hexachlorocyclohexanes [hchs], trans-no ... | 2007 | 18200884 |
| second generation anticoagulant rodenticides in tawny owls (strix aluco) from great britain. | secondary exposure of vertebrate predators to second generation anticoagulant rodenticides (sgars) is widespread in britain. tawny owl (strix aluco) populations in the uk are thought to have declined since the 1970s, when sgars were first introduced, and these compounds may have contributed to any decline in owl numbers. our aims were to conduct the first systematic survey of sgar exposure in tawny owls and ascertain whether there had been a change in the proportion of exposed birds that was con ... | 2008 | 18082246 |
| contrasting patterns of mitochondrial and microsatellite genetic structure among western european populations of tawny owls (strix aluco). | a recent study of mitochondrial phylogeography of tawny owls (strix aluco) in western europe suggested that this species survived the pleistocene glaciations in three allopatric refugia located in iberia, italy, and the balkans, and the latter was likely the predominant source of postglacial colonization of northern europe. new data from seven microsatellite loci from 184 individual owls distributed among 14 populations were used to assess the genetic congruence between nuclear and mitochondrial ... | 2007 | 17688543 |
| the colour of fitness: plumage coloration and lifetime reproductive success in the tawny owl. | we studied variation in plumage colour and life history in a population of tawny owls (strix aluco) in southern finland, using 26 years of data on individually marked male and female owls. colour was scored on a semi-continuous scale from pale grey to reddish brown. colour scoring was repeatable and showed a bimodal distribution (grey and brown morph) in both sexes. during the study period, colour composition was stable in the study population in both sexes. the sexes did not mate assortatively ... | 2005 | 16024349 |
| ophthalmological findings in free-living tawny owls (strix aluco) examined at a wildlife veterinary hospital. | detailed ophthalmological examinations were made on 128 of the 216 free-living tawny owls (strix aluco) examined at a wildlife hospital in the south west of england during the years 2000 to 2002. there were significant lesions in the eyes of 96 (75 per cent) of the birds examined. there were 147 adult birds admitted, of which 89 (60.5 per cent) were due to road traffic accidents; only 13 of these birds (14.6 per cent) were normal. sixty-nine juvenile birds were admitted, 36 (52 per cent) of them ... | 2005 | 15937240 |