| envenomation by the inland taipan, oxyuranus microlepidotus. | a case of envenomation by a three-week-old inland taipan (oxyuranus microlepidotus)-the second recorded case of a bite by possibly the most venomous snake in the world - is reported. evidence which supports the use of the term "inland taipan", and confirms the effectiveness of taipan antivenom in the treatment of bites by this snake, is presented. | 1984 | 6503793 |
| studies on the venom of oxyuranus microlepidotus. | the australian small-scaled snake, oxyuranus microlepidotus , recently rediscovered, is the world's most venomous snake, with a murine ld50 of 0.01 mg/kg. recently developed immunological techniques, combined with a whole animal model, have enabled us to measure accurately the mass of venom actually injected by a striking snake. the venom of this species contains at least six identified protein fractions, and one or more of these possesses potent neurotoxic action. an initial assessment of the m ... | 1983 | 6676477 |
| in vitro coagulant properties of venoms from australian snakes. | the procoagulant properties of venous australian snakes are limited to prothrombin activation. venoms of notechis scutatus, tropidechis carinatus and pseudechis porphyriacus require phospholipid, calcium and factor v to maximally activate normal prothrombin. venoms of pseudonaja textilis and oxyuranus microlepidotus activate both normal prothrombin and the decarboxy form and do not require co-factors. the actions of the venom of oxyuranus scutellatus are dependent on concentration. | 1982 | 7080056 |
| snakebite in herpetologists. | to define the risk of snake envenomation in herpetologists, assess factors which lead to their being bitten, assess their occupational morbidity and propose preventive stratagems. | 1994 | 7830644 |
| a comparative study of the biological properties of venoms from juvenile and adult inland taipan (oxyuranus microlepidotus) snake venoms. | the biological properties of adult and juvenile inland taipan (oxyuranus microlepidotus) snake venoms were examined. the enzymatic activities, intravenous median lethal dose and procoagulant activity of the juvenile venom samples were not significantly different from those of the adult venom samples. also, the juvenile and adult venoms exhibited similar electrophoretic patterns, indicating that they possessed similar protein composition. | 1993 | 8470140 |
| some pharmacological studies of venom from the inland taipan (oxyuranus microlepidotus). | the present study was designed to obtain a basic pharmacological profile of venom from the inland taipan (oxyuranus microlepidotus). venom (0.05-50 micrograms/ml) produced dose-dependent contractions in guinea-pig ileum, which could not be reproduced upon second administration. the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (1 microm), a preceding anaphylactic response induced by egg albumin and inactivation of phospholipase a2 (pla2) by incubation with 4-bromophenacyl bromide (1.8 mm) all significan ... | 1998 | 9604283 |
| the smooth muscle relaxant effects of venom from the inland taipan (oxyuranus microlepidotus). | venom (10 microg/ml) relaxed phenylephrine-precontracted aortae. this relaxation was unaffected by removal of the endothelium or a combination of n(g)-nitro-l-arginine (l-noarg; 0.1 mm), oxyhaemoglobin (10 microm) and indomethacin (10 microm). 4-bpb (0.78 mm), propranolol (1 microm), or a combination of apamin (0.1 microm), charybdotoxin (0.1 microm) and glibenclamide (10 microm) did not effect endothelium-independent relaxation, suggesting a lack of pla2 activity or an effect at beta-adrenocept ... | 1999 | 9920495 |
| the effects of antivenom on the in vitro neurotoxicity of venoms from the taipans oxyuranus scutellatus, oxyuranus microlepidotus and oxyuranus scutellatus canni. | the venoms of the inland (oxyuranus microlepidotus), coastal (o. scutellatus) and papuan (o. s. canni) taipans are among the most potent in the world. the present study compared the in vitro neurotoxic effects of these venoms and the protective effects of taipan antivenom. venom (10 microg/ml) from all three snakes abolished nerve-mediated twitches of the chick biventer cervicis muscle preparation with the following rank order of potency (based on the time taken to inhibit 90% of the twitch resp ... | 1999 | 10519654 |
| novel natriuretic peptides from the venom of the inland taipan (oxyuranus microlepidotus): isolation, chemical and biological characterisation. | three natriuretic-like peptides (tnp-a, tnp-b, and tnp-c) were isolated from the venom of oxyuranus microlepidotus (inland taipan) and were also present in the venoms of oxyuranus scutellatus canni (new guinea taipan) and oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus (coastal taipan). they were isolated by hplc, characterised by mass spectrometry and edman analysis, and consist of 35-39 amino acid residues. these molecules differ from anp/bnp through replacement of invariant residues within the 17-membered ... | 2005 | 15652496 |
| antimicrobial activity of omwaprin, a new member of the waprin family of snake venom proteins. | we have isolated and characterized omwaprin, a 50-amino-acid cationic protein from the venom of inland taipan (oxyuranus microlepidotus). it is a new member of the waprin family of snake venom proteins. a synthetic gene was designed and constructed for expressing the recombinant protein in escherichia coli. recombinant omwaprin was used for carrying out functional analyses. the protein is non-toxic to swiss albino mice at doses of up to 10 mg/kg when administered intraperitoneally. however, it s ... | 2007 | 17044815 |
| the neuromuscular activity of paradoxin: a presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom of the inland taipan (oxyuranus microlepidotus). | the inland taipan is the world's most venomous snake. however, little is known about the neuromuscular activity of the venom or paradoxin (pdx), a presynaptic neurotoxin from the venom. venom (10microg/ml) and pdx (65nm) abolished indirect twitches of the chick biventer cervicis and mouse phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations. the time to 90% inhibition by pdx was significantly increased by replacing ca(2+) (2.5mm) in the physiological solution with sr(2+) (10mm). in the biventer cervicis muscle, ... | 2007 | 17313963 |
| variations in the pharmacological profile of post-synaptic neurotoxins isolated from the venoms of the papuan (oxyuranus scutellatus canni) and coastal (oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus) taipans. | based on murine ld(50) values, the taipans (i.e. oxyuranus microlepidotus, oxyuranus scutellatus and oxyuranus scutellatus canni) are the most venomous snake genus in the world. despite this, little is known about the toxins contained in their venoms. the aim of the present study was to isolate and characterise post-synaptic neurotoxins from the venoms of the papuan taipan (o. s. canni) and coastal taipan (o. scutellatus), and to compare their pharmacology. a 6770da toxin (i.e. alpha-oxytoxin 1) ... | 2010 | 20036687 |
| natriuretic peptide drug leads from snake venom. | natriuretic peptides are body fluid volume modulators, termed natriuretic peptides due to a role in natriuresis and diuresis. the three mammalian nps, atrial natriuretic peptide (anp), brain or b-type natriuretic peptide (bnp) and c-type natriuretic peptide (cnp), have been extensively investigated for their use as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. although effective, short half-lives and renal side effects limit their use. in approximately 30 years of research, np ... | 2010 | 21147145 |
| identification and characterisation of kunitz-type plasma kallikrein inhibitors unique to oxyuranus sp. snake venoms. | as part of a wider study on australian snake venom components, we have identified and characterised kunitz-type protease inhibitors from the venoms of oxyuranus scutellatus and oxyuranus microlepidotus (australian taipans) with plasma kallikrein inhibitory activity. each inhibitor had a mass of 7 kda and was purified from the venom as part of a protein complex. mass spectrometry and n-terminal sequencing was employed to obtain amino acid sequence information for each inhibitor and a recombinant ... | 2012 | 21843588 |
| vintage venoms: proteomic and pharmacological stability of snake venoms stored for up to eight decades. | for over a century, venom samples from wild snakes have been collected and stored around the world. however, the quality of storage conditions for "vintage" venoms has rarely been assessed. the goal of this study was to determine whether such historical venom samples are still biochemically and pharmacologically viable for research purposes, or if new sample efforts are needed. in total, 52 samples spanning 5 genera and 13 species with regional variants of some species (e.g., 14 different popula ... | 2014 | 24434587 |
| neurotoxicity with persistent unilateral ophthalmoplegia from envenoming by a wild inland taipan (oxyuranus microlepidotus, elapidae) in remote outback south australia. | a case of life threatening envenoming by a wild specimen of the inland taipan, oxyuranus microlepidotus, is described. there have been 11 previously well-documented envenomings by o. microlepidotus, but only 2 were inflicted by wild snakes. envenomed patients have presented predominantly with defibrinating coagulopathy and neurotoxicity. | 2017 | 28694006 |
| mass spectrometry data and size exclusion chromatography profiles of australian taipan venom toxins. | the compositions of paradoxin and taipoxin (pdx and tpx, respectively) were investigated using size exclusion chromatography (sec) and nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-esi-ms). the elution profiles from size exclusion chromatography of the venoms fromoxyuranus microlepidotusandoxyuranus scutellatuswere similar. fractions corresponding to the trimeric toxins were treated with guanidinium hydrochloride and the individual subunits were separated by hplc. in this report we presen ... | 2016 | 27747265 |
| oxylepitoxin-1, a reversible neurotoxin from the venom of the inland taipan (oxyuranus microlepidotus). | this study describes the characterization of oxylepitoxin-1 (mw 6789), the first postsynaptic neurotoxin isolated from the venom of the inland taipan (oxyuranus microlepidotus), which is the most venomous snake in the world. oxylepitoxin-1, purified using successive steps of size-exclusion and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography, produced concentration-dependent (0.3-1.0 microm) inhibition of nerve-mediated (0.1 hz, 0.2 ms, supramaximal v) twitches of the chick biventer cervicis ... | 2006 | 16879898 |