| functional consequences of a novel middle ear adaptation in the central african frog petropedetes parkeri (ranidae). | during the breeding season, each tympanic membrane of males of the old world treefrog petropedetes parkeri is decorated with a single, prominent, fleshy tympanic papilla. the tympanic papilla, located dorsally on the tympanic membrane, is covered by an epidermal surface and is composed of non-ossified, spongiform tissue containing a number of globular, fluid-filled vesicles found at highest density near the papillar tip. these vesicles appear to have exit pores and are probably simple alveolar e ... | 2001 | 11249833 |