| effects of feeding wheat contaminated with wild radish (raphanus raphanistrum) to growing pigs. | in each of two growth trials, weanling pigs were individually housed and fed to study the effect of various amounts of wild radish (raphanus raphanistrum) seed pods in the diet on performance of growing swine. for trial 1, 20 pigs averaging 19.6 kg live weight were divided into four comparable groups of five pigs each based on sex and initial weight and were assigned to fortified wheat-soybean meal diets with: (1) 0%, (2) 1.20%, (3) 3.25%, or (4) 4.95%, by weight, of wild radish seed pods. for t ... | 1985 | 4077763 |
| replication and encapsidation of the viroid-like satellite rna of lucerne transient streak virus are supported in divergent hosts by cocksfoot mottle virus and turnip rosette virus. | cocksfoot mottle sobemovirus supports replication and encapsidation of the viroid-like satellite rna (sat-rna) of lucerne transient streak virus (ltsv) in two monocotyledonous species, triticum aestivum and dactylis glomerata. additionally, ltsv sat-rna replicates effectively in the presence of turnip rosette sobemovirus in brassica rapa, raphanus raphanistrum and sinapsis arvensis, but not in thlaspi arvense or nicotiana bigelovii, indicating that host species markedly influence this interactio ... | 1993 | 7682254 |
| hybridization and backcrossing between transgenic oilseed rape and two related weed species under field conditions. | determining the frequency of crop-wild transgene flow under field conditions is a necessity for the development of regulatory strategies to manage transgenic hybrids. gene flow of green fluorescent protein (gfp) and bacillus thuringiensis (bt) transgenes was quantified in three field experiments using eleven independent transformed brassica napus l. lines and the wild relatives, b. rapa l. and raphanus raphanistrum l. under a high crop to wild relative ratio (600:1), hybridization frequency with ... | 2004 | 15612504 |
| isolation and characterization of rhizosphere bacteria with potential for biological control of weeds in vineyards. | deleterious rhizosphere inhabiting bacteria (drb) have potential to suppress plant growth. this project focuses on the isolation of drb with potential for development as commercial products for weed control. | 2006 | 16629995 |
| diversity, distribution and role of wild crucifers in major cabbage and kale growing areas of kenya. | an investigation of the diversity and distribution of wild crucifer species and their importance for cultivated crucifers was conducted during 2005 and 2006 in the highland and mid-altitude semi-arid areas of kenya. thirteen species of wild crucifers in nine genera were recorded: raphanus raphanistrum, erucastrum arabicum, sisymbrium officinale, crambe kilimandscharica, capsella bursa-pastoris, rorippa nudiuscula, ro. micrantha, ro. microphylla, lepidium bonariense, coronopus didymus, brassica r ... | 2009 | 19063754 |
| degradation of fuel oil in salt marsh soils affected by the prestige oil spill. | we assessed natural degradation of fuel oil in three marshes from galicia (spain) affected by the prestige oil spill (baldaio, barizo, and muxía). soil samples collected from polluted and unpolluted areas on four different dates were used to determine total petroleum hydrocarbon content and fuel-oil components. natural degradation was monitored by analysing changes in the proportion of saturated hydrocarbons, aromatics, asphaltenes and resins in the soils, and also by evaluating the degree of de ... | 2009 | 19157704 |
| sulfur-associated polioencephalomalacia in cattle grazing plants in the family brassicaceae. | polioencephalomalacia was diagnosed histologically in cattle from two herds on the darling downs, queensland, during july-august 2007. in the first incident, 8 of 20 18-month-old aberdeen angus steers died while grazing pastures comprising 60%sisymbrium irio (london rocket) and 40%capsella bursapastoris (shepherd's purse). in the second incident, 2 of 150 mixed-breed adult cattle died, and another was successfully treated with thiamine, while grazing a pasture comprising almost 100%raphanus raph ... | 2009 | 19178473 |
| reproduction of pratylenchus penetrans on 24 common weeds in potato fields in québec. | twenty-four weeds commonly found in commercial potato fields in quebec were evaluated for their host suitability to the root-lesion nematode, pratylenchus penetrans, under greenhouse conditions. brown mustard (brassica juncea) and rye (secale cereale) were included as susceptible controls and forage pearl millet hyb. cfpm 101 (pennisetum glaucum) as a poor host. pratylenchus penetrans multiplied well on 22 of the 24 weed species tested (pf/pi >/= rye or brown mustard). cirsium arvense, leucanthe ... | 2007 | 19259506 |
| identification, expression, and functional analysis of cle genes in radish (raphanus sativus l.) storage root. | radish (raphanus sativus l.) is a widespread agricultural plant forming storage root due to extensive secondary growth which involves cambium proliferation and differentiation of secondary conductive tissues. closely related to the model object arabidopsis thaliana, radish is a suitable model for studying processes of secondary growth and storage root development. cle peptides are a group of peptide phytohormones which play important role in the regulation of primary meristems such as sam, ram, ... | 2016 | 26821718 |
| evaluating weeds as hosts of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. | bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotype b transmits tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), which affects tomato production globally. prompt destruction of virus reservoirs is a key component of virus management. identification of weed hosts of tylcv will be useful for reducing such reservoirs. the status of weeds as alternate hosts of tylcv in florida remains unclear. in greenhouse studies, b. tabaci adults from a colony reared on tylcv-infected tomato were established in cages containing one of four ... | 2015 | 26314055 |
| leaf damage by herbivores affects attractiveness to pollinators in wild radish, raphanus raphanistrum. | we carried out two experiments to determine the effect of leaf damage on plant attractiveness to pollinators using wild radish, raphanus raphanistrum (brassicaceae), a self-incompatible annual herb. pairs of plants from 36 full-sib families were grown in pots in the greenhouse. one member of each pair was damaged by pieris rapae larvae that were allowed to remove half of the leaf area of each of the first four rosette leaves. the plants were subsequently taken out for pollinator observations onc ... | 1997 | 28308135 |
| effects of flower size and number on pollinator visitation to wild radish, raphanus raphanistrum. | plant traits that increase pollinator visitation should be under strong selection. however, few studies have demonstrated a causal link between natural variation in attractive traits and natural variation in visitation to whole plants. here we examine the effects of flower number and size on visitation to wild radish by two taxa of pollinators over 3 years, using a combination of multiple regression and experimental reductions in both traits. we found strong, consistent evidence that increases i ... | 1996 | 28307144 |
| consequences of whole-genome triplication as revealed by comparative genomic analyses of the wild radish raphanus raphanistrum and three other brassicaceae species. | polyploidization events are frequent among flowering plants, and the duplicate genes produced via such events contribute significantly to plant evolution. we sequenced the genome of wild radish (raphanus raphanistrum), a brassicaceae species that experienced a whole-genome triplication event prior to diverging from brassica rapa. despite substantial gene gains in these two species compared with arabidopsis thaliana and arabidopsis lyrata, ∼70% of the orthologous groups experienced gene losses in ... | 2014 | 24876251 |
| consequences of gene flow between oilseed rape (brassica napus) and its relatives. | numerous studies have focused on the probability of occurrence of gene flow between transgenic crops and their wild relatives and the likelihood of transgene escape, which should be assessed before the commercial release of transgenic crops. this review paper focuses on this issue for oilseed rape, brassica napus l., a species that produces huge numbers of pollen grains and seeds. we analyze separately the distinct steps of gene flow: (1) pollen and seeds as vectors of gene flow; (2) spontaneous ... | 2013 | 23987810 |
| quantifying the introgressive hybridisation propensity between transgenic oilseed rape and its wild/weedy relatives. | in order to estimate the introgressive hybridisation propensity (ihp) between genetically modified (gm) oilseed rape (brassica napus) and certain of its cross-compatible wild/weedy relatives at the landscape level, a conceptual approach was developed. a gene flow index was established enclosing the successive steps to successfully achieve introgressive hybridisation: wild/weedy relatives and oilseed rape should co-occur, have overlapping flowering periods, be compatible, produce viable and ferti ... | 2009 | 18253849 |
| molecular systematics of brassica and allied genera (subtribe brassicinae, brassiceae) -chloroplast genome and cytodeme congruence. | chloroplast dna restriction sites for 20 endonucleases were mapped using cpdna probes from brassica juncea and site variation was surveyed in 33 diploid taxa of the subtribe brassicinae. a total of 419 mutations was observed, including both site (i.e., gain/ loss) and fragment length (i.e., insertions or deletions); 221 (53%) mutations showed variation at the interspecific level. phylogenetic analysis indicated a clear division of the subtribe into two ancient evolutionary lineages. these were ( ... | 1991 | 24212864 |
| simulating evolutionary responses of an introgressed insect resistance trait for ecological effect assessment of transgene flow: a model for supporting informed decision-making in environmental risk assessment. | predicting outcomes of transgene flow from arable crops requires a system perspective that considers ecological and evolutionary processes within a landscape context. in europe, the arable weed raphanus raphanistrum is a potential hybridization partner of oilseed rape, and the two species are ecologically linked through the common herbivores meligethes spp. observations in switzerland show that high densities of meligethes beetles maintained by oilseed rape crops can lead to considerable damage ... | 2013 | 23467842 |
| modelling gene flow between oilseed rape and wild radish. i. evolution of chromosome structure. | the assessment of gene flow from crop species to weeds has found a new emphasis over the last years because of the marketing of transgenic crops and the possible selective advantage that crop (trans)gene may confer to the weeds. several studies focused on the f1 interspecific hybrid production but few data are available on the factors affecting the genetic structure of advanced generations. it depends on the genomic structure of the species concerned as well as on the degree of their genome homo ... | 2007 | 17091264 |
| hybridization between oilseed rape (brassica napus) and different populations and species of raphanus. | when cultivating genetically modified varieties, the spontaneous gene flow between crop and wild relatives could be of concern. we analyzed spontaneous hybridization between a transgenic male-sterile line of oilseed rape (brassica napus, 2n = 38, aacc) and, as pollen donors, three european populations of wild radish (raphanus raphanistrum, 2n = 18, rr,rr) and a variety of cultivated radish (raphanus sativus, 2n = 18, rr). seeds showed size and shape dimorphism that correlated to the frequency of ... | 2006 | 16978570 |
| lack of stable inheritance of introgressed transgene from oilseed rape in wild radish. | hybridization of brassica napus l. (oilseed rape) and raphanus raphanistrum l. (wild radish) has been demonstrated, and may be the first step towards introgression of transgenes in this wild relative. if wild radish were to display a new adaptive advantage by expressing the transgene, this could modify the ecological balance of species within the agro-ecosystem. to determine if transgenes remained stable in the hybrid, the frequency of herbicide resistance was studied over four advanced generati ... | 2006 | 16028797 |
| development of crop-specific transposable element (sine) markers for studying gene flow from oilseed rape to wild radish. | the screening of wild populations for evidence of gene flow from a crop to a wild related species requires the unambiguous detection of crop genes within the genome of the wild species, taking into account the intraspecific variability of each species. if the crop and wild relatives share a common ancestor, as is the case for the brassica crops and their wild relatives (subtribe brassiceae), the species-specific markers needed to make this unambiguous detection are difficult to identify. in the ... | 2005 | 15942756 |
| genome discrimination in progeny of interspecific hybrids between brassica napus and raphanus raphanistrum. | genomic in situ hybridization (gish) applied to the f1 interspecific hybrid between oilseed rape (brassica napus, aacc, 2n = 38) and wild radish (raphanus raphanistrum, rrrr, 2n = 18) showed the predicted 19 chromosomes from b. napus and 9 chromosomes from r. raphanistrum. the very low female fertility of these interspecific hybrids when backcrossed to r. raphanistrum led to only two descendants. their chromosome number varied between 45 and 48. both of these progenies showed only 9 chromosomes ... | 2003 | 12834064 |
| hybridization between transgenic brassica napus l. and its wild relatives: brassica rapa l., raphanus raphanistrum l., sinapis arvensis l., and erucastrum gallicum (willd.) o.e. schulz. | the frequency of gene flow from brassica napus l. (canola) to four wild relatives, brassica rapa l., raphanus raphanistrum l., sinapis arvensis l. and erucastrum gallicum (willd.) o.e. schulz, was assessed in greenhouse and/or field experiments, and actual rates measured in commercial fields in canada. various marker systems were used to detect hybrid individuals: herbicide resistance traits (hr), green fluorescent protein marker (gfp), species-specific amplified fragment length polymorphisms (a ... | 2003 | 12721639 |
| cross-resistance to imidazolinone herbicides in chlorsulfuron-resistant raphanus raphanistrum. | raphanus raphanistrum l has evolved widespread resistance to sulfonylureas in the western australia (wa) wheat belt. with the introduction of imidazolinone-tolerant (it) wheat (tritcum aestivum l) and it canola (brassica napus l) in the wa wheat belt, it is important to understand the status of cross-resistance in this weed to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone (imi) herbicides. a study was conducted to examine cross-resistance between chlorsulfuron and imi herbicides (a mixture of imazapic and imaz ... | 2002 | 12233181 |
| fitness of backcross six of hybrids between transgenic oilseed rape (brassica napus) and wild radish (raphanus raphanistrum). | the process of introgression between a transgenic crop modified for better agronomic characters and a wild relative could lead potentially to increased weediness and adaptation to the environment of the wild species. however, the formation of hybrid and hybrid progeny could be associated with functional imbalance and low fitness, which reduces the risk of gene escape and establishment of the wild species in the field. our work compares the fitness components of parents and different types of bac ... | 2002 | 12144662 |
| effect of oilseed rape genotype on the spontaneous hybridization rate with a weedy species:an assessment of transgene dispersal. | spontaneous outcrossing of different malesterile rapeseed lines and transgenic hybrids with a population of a weedy species, raphanus raphanistrum l., has led to the harvest of numerous seeds showing a size dimorphism. flow cytometry analysis correlated with chromosome counts showed that all of the large seeds belonged to rapeseed, whereas the small seeds were a mixture of mostly interspecific triploid hybrids, with some trigenomic amphidiploids, diploid and haploid rapeseed plants. significant ... | 1995 | 24169983 |
| spontaneous hybridization between a male-sterile oilseed rape and two weeds. | spontaneous interspecific hybrids were produced under natural conditions (pollination by wind and bees) between a male-sterile cybrid brassica napus (aacc, 2n = 38) and two weeds brassica adpressa (adad, 2n = 14) and raphanus raphanistrum (rrrr, 2n = 18). after characterization by chromosome counts and isozyme analyses, we observed 512 and 3 734 inter-specific seeds per m(2) for the b. napus-b. adpressa and b. napus-r. raphanistrum trials respectively. most of the hybrids studied had the expecte ... | 1994 | 24186020 |
| heritable variation in a family-diagnostic trait. | derived characters that have not changed during the diversification of a clade provide traits that are diagnostic at higher taxonomic levels. the tetradynamous stamen condition (four long and two short stamens) of the brassicaceae is an example of a diagnostic trait that has not changed during the diversification of this large flowering plant family. we investigated one hypothesis that might explain the long-term stasis of this trait-that tetradynamous stamens have persisted because of an absenc ... | 2000 | 11005309 |
| competitive exclusion of a worldwide invasive pest by a native. quantifying competition between two phytophagous insects on two host plant species. | 1. high competitive ability is believed to be an important characteristic of invasive species. many animal studies have compared the competitive ability of invasive species with a native species that is being displaced, but few have looked at systems where an invasive species has failed to establish itself. these types of studies are important to determine if competition is relevant not only to invading species but also to the biotic resistance of a community. 2. the thrips species f. occidental ... | 2008 | 18177337 |
| radical scavenging and iron-chelating activities of some greens used as traditional dishes in mediterranean diet. | this study aimed at evaluating the antioxidative activity of nine different families of greens. raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish), anchusa azurea (bugloss), daucus carota (wild carrot), sonchus oleraceus (sowthistle), papaver rhoeas (corn poppy), malva sylvestris (blue mallow), foeniculum vulgare (fennel), cichorium intybus (chicory) and salicornia europaea (jointed glasswort) are native to the mediterranean and are commonly consumed as a salad or an ingredient in some recipes. the antioxidati ... | 2004 | 14630594 |
| evaluation of native plant flower characteristics for conservation biological control of prays oleae. | several studies have shown that manipulating flowering weeds within an agroecosystem can have an important role in pest control by natural enemies, by providing them nectar and pollen, which are significant sources of nutrition for adults. the aim of this study was to assess if the olive moth, prays oleae (bernard, 1788) (lepidoptera: praydidae), and five of its main natural enemies, the parasitoid species chelonus elaeaphilus silvestri (hymenoptera: braconidae), apanteles xanthostigma (haliday) ... | 2016 | 26780918 |
| novel seed protection in the recently evolved invasive, california wild radish, a hybrid raphanus sp. (brassicaceae). | • | 2014 | 25480701 |