| the possible role of varroa destructor in the spreading of american foulbrood among apiaries. | the aim of this investigation was to establish whether varroa destructor can play a role in the transmission of paenibacillus larvae larvae spores from infected to healthy bee colonies. mites, collected from an apis mellifera carnica colony heavily infected with american foulbrood and treated with apistan, were suspended in distilled water and treated in three different ways:homogenizing, shaking and stirring, or sonication. the resulting fluid samples were transferred onto selective agar medium ... | 2002 | 12797406 |
| laboratory evaluation of some plant essences to control varroa destructor (acari: varroidae). | this research was conducted to evaluate acaricidal effects of some plant essences on varroa mites and the possibility of their usage for varroa control. first, live varroa mites were obtained from adult honeybees with co2 in a newly designed apparatus. thyme, savory, rosemary, marjoram, dillsun and lavender essences at concentrations of 2 and 1 g/100 g (w/w), caused a mite mortality rate of more than 97% and 95%, respectively. also spearmint at 2 g/100 g was able to kill more than 97% of varroa ... | 2002 | 12797407 |
| newly isolated bacterial strains belonging to bacillaceae (bacillus sp.) and micrococcaceae accelerate death of the honey bee mite, varroa destructor (v. jacobsoni), in laboratory assays. | newly isolated bacterial strains belonging to bacillaceae (bacillus sp.), micrococcaceae and three unidentified strains were tested for their pathogenicity against the mite, varroa destructor. the bacillus sp. strain and two of the strains belonging to the micrococcaceae family significantly decreased the time for 50% mortality of the mite population (up to 57%) and hence may be potential control agents. in in vitro bioassay whole cells, extracellular broth and cellular extract of the bacillus s ... | 2004 | 15127797 |
| [varroa mites in the apiaries of campania region]. | mites in the genus varroa are obligate ectoparasites of honey bee populations worldwide. recent evidence from morphological, geographical, and especially genetic variation has spurred an important revision of varroa taxonomy. specifically, mitochondrial dna (mtdna) evidence suggests that the main mite pest on western honey bees (apis mellifera) is not varroa jacobsoni, as first described, but a distinct species now named varroa destructor. genetic markers also have been used to support a taxonom ... | 2004 | 15305732 |
| complete sequence of a picorna-like virus of the genus iflavirus replicating in the mite varroa destructor. | aggregations of 27 nm virus-like particles were observed in electron microscopy images of sectioned varroa destructor mite tissue. the scattered occurrence of individual particles and accumulation of the virions in lattices in the cytoplasm gave an apparent indication that the virus replicates in the mite. sequence analysis of the rna of the purified virus revealed a genome organization with high similarity to that of members of the genus iflavirus. phylogenetic analysis of the polymerase showed ... | 2004 | 15557248 |
| quantitative real-time reverse transcription-pcr analysis of deformed wing virus infection in the honeybee (apis mellifera l.). | deformed wing virus (dwv) can cause wing deformity and premature death in adult honeybees, although like many other bee viruses, dwv generally persists as a latent infection with no apparent symptoms. using reverse transcription (rt)-pcr and southern hybridization, we detected dwv in all life stages of honeybees, including adults with and without deformed wings. we also found dwv in the parasitic mite varroa destructor, suggesting that this mite may be involved in the transmission of dwv. howeve ... | 2005 | 15640219 |
| rt-pcr analysis of deformed wing virus in honeybees (apis mellifera) and mites (varroa destructor). | deformed wing virus (dwv) is a honeybee viral pathogen either persisting as an inapparent infection or resulting in wing deformity. the occurrence of deformity is associated with the transmission of dwv through varroa destructor during pupal stages. such infections with dwv add to the pathology of v. destructor and play a major role in colony collapse in the course of varroosis. using a recently developed rt-pcr protocol for the detection of dwv, individual bees and mites originating from hives ... | 2005 | 16298989 |
| evaluation of genotoxic effects of apitol (cymiazole hydrochloride) in vitro by measurement of sister chromatid exchange. | apitol, with cymiazole hydrochloride as the active ingredient, is used in bee-keeping against the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor. the preparation was evaluated for genotoxicity in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. sister chromatid exchange, the mitotic index and the cell proliferation index were determined for three experimental concentrations of apitol (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/ml). all concentrations significantly (p < 0.001) increased the mitotic index (mi = 7.35+/-0.18%, 8.31+ ... | 2005 | 16309949 |
| prevalence and phylogeny of kakugo virus, a novel insect picorna-like virus that infects the honeybee (apis mellifera l.), under various colony conditions. | we previously identified a novel insect picorna-like virus, termed kakugo virus (kv), from the brains of aggressive worker honeybees that had counterattacked a giant hornet. to survey the prevalence of kv in worker populations engaged in various labors, we quantified kv genomic rna. kv was detected specifically from aggressive workers in some colonies, while it was also detected from other worker populations in other colonies where the amount of kv detected in the workers was relatively high, su ... | 2006 | 16971448 |
| ld50 and repellent effects of essential oils from argentinian wild plant species on varroa destructor. | the repellent and acaricidal effects of some essential oils from the most typical wild plant species of northern patagonia, argentina, on varroa destructor anderson & trueman were evaluated using a complete exposure test. honey bees, apis mellifera l., and mites (five specimens of each per dish) were introduced in petri dishes having different oil concentrations (from 0.1 to 25 micro per cage). survival of bees and mites was registered after 24, 48, and 72 h. an attraction/repellence test was pe ... | 2005 | 16022288 |
| evaluation of drone brood removal for management of varroa destructor (acari: varroidae) in colonies of apis mellifera (hymenoptera: apidae) in the northeastern united states. | the efficacy of drone brood removal for the management of varroa destructor anderson & trueman in colonies of the honey bee, a. mellifera l., was evaluated. colonies were treated with checkmite+ in the fall of 2002. the following spring, quantities of bees and brood were equalized, but colonies were not retreated. the brood nest of each colony consisted of 18 full-depth worker combs and two full-depth drone combs. each worker comb had <12.9 cm2 of drone cells. standard management practices were ... | 2005 | 16022287 |
| impact of an ectoparasite on the immunity and pathology of an invertebrate: evidence for host immunosuppression and viral amplification. | varroa mites (varroa destructor) are ectoparasites of honey bees (apis mellifera) and cause serious damage to bee colonies. the mechanism of how varroa mites kill honey bees remains unclear. we have addressed the effects of the mites on bee immunity and the replication of a picorna-like virus, the deformed wing virus (dwv). the expression of genes encoding three antimicrobial peptides (abaecin, defensin, and hymenoptaecin) and four immunity-related enzymes (phenol oxidase, glucose dehydrogenase, ... | 2005 | 15897457 |
| prevalence and seasonal variations of six bee viruses in apis mellifera l. and varroa destructor mite populations in france. | a survey of six bee viruses on a large geographic scale was undertaken by using seemingly healthy bee colonies and the pcr technique. samples of adult bees and pupae were collected from 36 apiaries in the spring, summer, and autumn during 2002. varroa destructor samples were collected at the end of summer following acaricide treatment. in adult bees, during the year deformed wing virus (dwv) was found at least once in 97% of the apiaries, sacbrood virus (sbv) was found in 86% of the apiaries, ch ... | 2004 | 15574916 |
| indoor winter fumigation of apis mellifera (hymenoptera: apidae) colonies infested with varroa destructor (acari: varroidae) with formic acid is a potential control alternative in northern climates. | formic acid treatment for the control of the ectoparasitic varroa mite, varroa destructor anderson & trueman, infesting honey bee, apis mellifera l., colonies is usually carried out as an in-hive outdoor treatment. this study examined the use of formic acid on wintered colonies kept indoors at 5 degrees c from 24 november 1999 to 24 march 2000. colonies were placed in small treatment rooms that were not treated (control) or fumigated at three different concentrations of formic acid: low (mean 11 ... | 2004 | 15154434 |
| tyramine functions as a toxin in honey bee larvae during varroa-transmitted infection by melissococcus pluton. | from wounds of honey bee pupae, caused by the mite varroa destructor, coccoid bacteria were isolated and identified as melissococcus pluton. the bacterial isolate was grown anaerobically in sorbitol medium to produce a toxic compound that was purified on xad columns, gelfiltration and preparative hplc. the toxic agent was identified by gc-ms and fticr-ms as tyramine. the toxicity of the isolated tyramine was tested by a novel mobility test using the protozoon stylonychia lemnae. a concentration ... | 2004 | 15109733 |
| varroa-tolerant italian honey bees introduced from brazil were not more efficient in defending themselves against the mite varroa destructor than carniolan bees in germany. | in europe and north america honey bees cannot be kept without chemical treatments against varroa destructor. nevertheless, in brazil an isolated population of italian honey bees has been kept on an island since 1984 without treatment against this mite. the infestation rates in these colonies have decreased over the years. we looked for possible varroa-tolerance factors in six italian honey bee colonies prepared with queens from this brazilian island population, compared to six carniolan colonies ... | 2002 | 14963842 |
| distribution of deformed wing virus within honey bee (apis mellifera) brood cells infested with the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor. | the distribution of deformed wing virus (dwv) in adult female varroa destructor and in their progeny in relation to the pupal host bee was investigated to evaluate acquisition and transfer of dwv by the mites. the results clearly show that adult female mites regularly act as competent vectors of dwv, however, they do not acquire or transfer virus on all possible occasions. mother mites may contain dwv while the pupal host remains free from overt infection and both mother mites and mite progeny m ... | 2003 | 14635815 |
| field trials using the fungal pathogen, metarhizium anisopliae (deuteromycetes: hyphomycetes) to control the ectoparasitic mite, varroa destructor (acari: varroidae) in honey bee, apis mellifera (hymenoptera: apidae) colonies. | the potential for metarhizium anisopliae (metschinkoff) to control the parasitic mite, varroa destructor (anderson and trueman) in honey bee colonies was evaluated in field trials against the miticide, tau-fluvalinate (apistan). peak mortality of v. destructor occurred 3-4 d after the conidia were applied; however, the mites were still infected 42 d posttreatments. two application methods were tested: dusts and strips coated with the fungal conidia, and both methods resulted in successful contro ... | 2003 | 14503579 |
| comparing data on the reproduction of varroa destructor. | varroa destructor reproductive success is considered an important character for determining the resistance of honey bees to this mite parasite. however, most of the published data are not comparable due to the different methods of ascertaining and reporting reproduction. a recently published technique that involves reconstructing mite families in older worker brood gives repeatable and reliable parameters. this methodology was used to compare various categories of reproduction of approximately 1 ... | 2003 | 12917797 |
| infestation and distribution of the mite varroa destructor in colonies of africanized bees. | whereas in several parts of the world varroa is the major pest affecting apiculture, in others the parasite is unknown to many beekeepers because its damage to bees is minor. the impact of the mite varroa destructor is related to the climatic conditions and the races of apis mellifera bees in each region where the pest exists. in the present study, the current level of infestation by the mite was assessed to determine the evolution of the pest in africanized bee colonies in southern brazil. this ... | 2003 | 12914418 |
| molecular characterization of an arachnid sodium channel gene from the varroa mite (varroa destructor). | voltage-gated sodium channels are essential for the generation and propagation of action potentials in most excitable cells. they are the target sites of several classes of insecticides and acaricides. isolation of full-length sodium channel cdna is a critical and often difficult step toward an understanding of insecticide and acaricide resistance. we previously cloned and sequenced two overlapping cdna clones covering segment 3 of domain ii (iis3) to segment 6 of domain iv (ivs6) of an arachnid ... | 2003 | 12826100 |
| reproduction of varroa destructor in worker brood of africanized honey bees (apis mellifera). | reproduction and population growth of varroa destructor was studied in ten naturally infested, africanized honey bee (ahb) (apis mellifera) colonies in yucatan, mexico. between february 1997 and january 1998 monthly records of the amount of pollen, honey, sealed worker and drone brood were recorded. in addition, mite infestation levels of adult bees and worker brood and the fecundity of the mites reproducing in worker cells were determined. the mean number of sealed worker brood cells (10,070 +/ ... | 2002 | 12593514 |
| hirsutella thompsonii and metarhizium anisopliae as potential microbial control agents of varroa destructor, a honey bee parasite. | the potential of hirsutella thompsonii fisher and metarhizium anisopliae (metschinkoff) as biological control agents of the parasitic mite, varroa destructor anderson and trueman was evaluated in the laboratory and in observation hives. in the laboratory, time required for 90% cumulative mortality of mites (lt(90)) was 4.16 (3.98-4.42) days for h. thompsonii and 5.85 (5.48-7.43) days for m. anisopliae at 1.1 x 10(3) conidia mm(-2). at a temperature (34+/-1 degrees c) similar to that of the brood ... | 2002 | 12507487 |
| comparison of release mechanisms for botanical oils to control varroa destructor (acari: varroidae) and acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae) in colonies of honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae). | two major parasitic pests threaten honey bee populations, the external mite varroa destructor and the internal mite acarapis woodi (rennie). varroa are beginning to develop resistance to the main chemical defense fluvalinate, and alternative control methods are being pursued. previous studies have shown that botanical oils, especially thymol, can be effective. six release devices for either thymol or a blend of botanical oils known as magic 3 were tested in beehives. the release devices were as ... | 2002 | 12019993 |
| varroa destructor reproduction during the winter in apis mellifera colonies in uk. | the reproductive behaviour of female varroa destructor mites invading worker brood cells during the winter months (january to mid-march) was investigated in four apis mellifera colonies in uk. the number of viable offspring produced during a reproductive cycle, per mite, was only 0.5 during winter compared with 1.0 during the summer. this was mainly due to a large increase in the population of non-reproductive mites (winter 20%, summer 8%). this increase can be explained by the high level of mal ... | 2001 | 11603739 |
| efficacy of strips coated with metarhizium anisopliae for control of varroa destructor (acari: varroidae) in honey bee colonies in texas and florida. | strips coated with conidia of metarhizium anisopliae (metschinkoff; deuteromycetes: hyphomycetes) to control the parasitic mite, varroa destructor (anderson and trueman) in colonies of honey bees, apis mellifera (hymenoptera: apidae) were compared against the miticide, tau-fluvalinate (apistan) in field trials in texas and florida (usa). apistan and the fungal treatments resulted in successful control of mite populations in both locations. at the end of the 42-day period of the experiment in tex ... | 2007 | 17203363 |
| first detection of varroa destructor resistance to coumaphos in argentina. | in argentina, studies on varroa destructor resistance to coumaphos are still unknown. at present, high infestation levels of v. destructor are being detected in colonies of apis mellifera after treatment with this acaricide. the aim of the present study was to determine the lc50 of coumaphos in v. destructor from four apiaries with high mite density after treatment with coumaphos. the lc50's were 112, 319, 127 and 133 microg/petri dish for mites from the four apiaries. significant lc50 differenc ... | 2009 | 19009360 |
| octanoic acid confers to royal jelly varroa-repellent properties. | the mite varroa destructor anderson & trueman is a parasite of the honeybee apis mellifera l. and represents a major threat for apiculture in the western world. reproduction takes place only inside bee brood cells that are invaded just before sealing; drone cells are preferred over worker cells, whereas queen cells are not normally invaded. lower incidence of mites in queen cells is at least partly due to the deterrent activity of royal jelly. in this study, the repellent properties of royal jel ... | 2009 | 19050844 |
| effects of parasitization by varroa destructor on survivorship and physiological traits of apis mellifera in correlation with viral incidence and microbial challenge. | varroa mites (varroa destructor) are serious ectoparasites of honey bees (apis mellifera). this research addresses the impact of varroa mites on survivorship, viral incidence, and physiological traits of newly-emerged worker bees. rt-pcr confirmed our previous finding that varroa parasitization was linked to high levels of deformed wing virus (dwv). in non-treatment bees, varroa parasitization combined with increased viral levels altered survivorship curves from long-survival to shorter-survival ... | 2007 | 17078903 |
| the 5' non-translated region of varroa destructor virus 1 (genus iflavirus): structure prediction and ires activity in lymantria dispar cells. | structure prediction of the 5' non-translated region (ntr) of four iflavirus rnas revealed two types of potential internal ribosome entry site (ires), which are discriminated by size and level of complexity, in this group of viruses. in contrast to the intergenic ires of dicistroviruses, the potential 5' ires structures of iflaviruses do not have pseudoknots. to test the activity of one of these, a bicistronic construct was made in which the 5' ntr of varroa destructor virus 1 (vdv-1) containing ... | 2006 | 17030876 |
| [varroa destructor (anderson and trueman, 2000); the change in classification within the genus varroa (oudemans, 1904)]. | varroa jacobsoni was noted for the first time in 1904, in the nest ofapis cerana. in apis mellifera nests the first varroa mites were probably found in korea (1950), next in japan (1958). in the following years they have spread all over the world. all the time they were regarded as v. jacobsoni. recently anderson and trueman have proved that varroa jacobsoni is more than one species. they gave the new name varroa destructor n. sp. to the group of six haplotypes. mites, which became pests ofa. me ... | 2001 | 16888966 |
| honeybee viruses in uruguay. | mortality of honeybees is a serious problem that beekeepers have to face periodically in uruguay and worldwide. the presence of rna viruses, in addition to other pathogens may be one of its possible causes. in this work, we detected chronic bee paralysis virus, acute bee paralysis virus, black queen cell virus, sacbrood virus and deformed wing virus in samples of uruguayan honeybees with or without varroa destructor and nosema apis. the detection of viruses in different provinces, simultaneous c ... | 2006 | 16843485 |
| colony collapse disorder: a descriptive study. | over the last two winters, there have been large-scale, unexplained losses of managed honey bee (apis mellifera l.) colonies in the united states. in the absence of a known cause, this syndrome was named colony collapse disorder (ccd) because the main trait was a rapid loss of adult worker bees. we initiated a descriptive epizootiological study in order to better characterize ccd and compare risk factor exposure between populations afflicted by and not afflicted by ccd. | 2009 | 19649264 |
| morphotypes of varroa destructor collected in apis mellifera colonies from different geographic locations of argentina. | parasites display considerable phenotypic plasticity in life-history traits such as, body size. varroa destructor is an ectoparasitic mite of the western honey bee apis mellifera. several studies have reported that in v. destructor, there is a wide phenotypic plasticity within a population of mites. however, it is unknown if there are morphologic variations in v. destructor populations affecting different a. mellifera populations. a morphometric study of v. destructor populations was conducted t ... | 2009 | 19727820 |
| russian honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) colonies: acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae) infestations and overwintering survival. | honey bee, apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae), colonies infested by parasitic mites are more prone to suffer from a variety of stresses, including cold temperature. we evaluated the overwintering ability of candidate breeder lines of russian honey bees, most of which are resistant to both varroa destructor anderson & trueman and acarapis woodi (rennie), during 1999-2001. our results indicate that russian honey bee colonies (headed by original and supersedure queens) can successfully overwin ... | 2005 | 16539096 |
| a scientific note on the detection of honeybee viruses using real-time pcr (taqman) in varroa mites collected from a thai honeybee (apis mellifera) apiary. | bee parasitic mite syndrome is a disease complex of colonies simultaneously infested with varroa destructor mites and infected with viruses and accompanied by high mortality. by using real-time pcr (taqman), five out of seven bee viruses were detected in mite samples (v. destructor) collected from thailand. moreover, the results of this study provide an evidence for the co-existence of several bee viruses in a single mite. this is also the first report of bee viruses in mites from thailand. | 2006 | 16376930 |
| detection of deformed wing virus, a honey bee viral pathogen, in bumble bees (bombus terrestris and bombus pascuorum) with wing deformities. | honey bees (apis mellifera) productively infected with deformed wing virus (dwv) through varroa destructor (v. destructor) during pupal stages develop into adults showing wing and other morphological deformities. here, we report for the first time the occurrence of bumble bees (bombus terrestris, bombus pascuorum) exhibiting wing deformities resembling those seen in clinically dwv-infected honey bees. using specific rt-pcr protocols for the detection of dwv followed by sequencing of the pcr prod ... | 2006 | 16300785 |
| detection of chronic bee paralysis virus and acute bee paralysis virus in uruguayan honeybees. | chronic bee paralysis virus (cbpv) causes a disease characterized by trembling, flightless, and crawling bees, while acute bee paralysis virus (abpv) is commonly detected in apparently healthy colonies, usually associated to varroa destructor. both viruses had been detected in most regions of the world, except in south america. in this work, we detected cbpv and abpv in samples of uruguayan honeybees by rt-pcr. the detection of both viruses in different provinces and the fact that most of the an ... | 2005 | 16169006 |
| duration and spread of an entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana (deuteromycota: hyphomycetes), used to treat varroa mites (acari: varroidae) in honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) hives. | a strain of the fungus beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin (deuteromycota: hyphomycetes) isolated from varroa mites, varroa destructor anderson & trueman (acari: varroidae), was used to treat honey bees, apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae), against varroa mites in southern france. fungal treatment caused a significant increase in the percentage of infected varroa mites compared with control treatments in two field experiments. in the first experiment, hives were treated with a formulation ... | 2007 | 17370802 |
| development of improved molecular methods for the detection of deformed wing virus (dwv) in honeybees (apis mellifera l.) and mites ( varroa destructor oud.). | a simple and rapid method for the extraction of total nucleic acid from honeybee and mite, useful either as template for rt-pcr or in nucleic acids hybridization, was developed. sensitivity of the methods were evaluated up to 10(9) and 10(6) dilution of tnas extracted from a single honeybee, for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and molecular hybridization respectively. the two diagnostic methods developed could be useful for the study of the molecular biology and the pathology of ... | 2006 | 17385533 |
| molecular approaches to the analysis of deformed wing virus replication and pathogenesis in the honey bee, apis mellifera. | for years, the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms that underlie honey bee viral diseases has been severely hindered because of the lack of a cell culture system for virus propagation. as a result, it is very imperative to develop new methods that would permit the in vitro pathogenesis study of honey bee viruses. the identification of virus replication is an important step towards the understanding of the pathogenesis process of viruses in their respective hosts. in the present study, w ... | 2009 | 20003360 |
| phylogenetic analysis of deformed wing virus genotypes from diverse geographic origins indicates recent global distribution of the virus. | honeybees originating from 10 different countries (austria, poland, germany, hungary, slovenia, nepal, sri lanka, the united arab emirates, canada, and new zealand) located on four continents were analyzed for the presence of deformed wing virus (dwv) nucleic acid by reverse transcription-pcr. two target regions within the dwv genome were selected for pcr amplification and subsequent sequencing, i.e., a region within the putative vp2 and vp4 structural-protein genes and a region within the rna h ... | 2007 | 17435003 |
| rapd identification of varroa destructor genotypes in brazil and other regions of the americas. | the mite varroa destructor is the main pest causing damage to apiculture worldwide. in brazil and other parts of the world, where bees of african origin and their hybrids predominate, the bees can survive these mites without treatment. studies have shown a correlation between the various genotypes of the mite and its fertility in different geographical regions. information about mite genotype could be helpful in understanding the diverse effects and relationships of the mite with bees in differe ... | 2010 | 20198586 |
| comparison of parasitic mites in russian-hybrid and italian honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) colonies across three different locations in north carolina. | the most economically important parasites of honey bee, apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae), colonies are the parasitic mites varroa destructor anderson & trueman and acarapis woodi (rennie). research has shown that mite-tolerant stocks are effective means to reduce mite infestations within colonies, but it is unclear whether the stocks available commercially are viable means of mite control because they are likely to be genetic hybrids. we compared colonies of a standard commercial stock (" ... | 2007 | 17461045 |
| vertical-transmission routes for deformed wing virus of honeybees (apis mellifera). | deformed wing virus (dwv) is a viral pathogen of the european honeybee (apis mellifera), associated with clinical symptoms and colony collapse when transmitted by the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor. in the absence of v. destructor, dwv infection does not result in visible symptoms, suggesting that mite-independent transmission results in covert infections. true covert infections are a known infection strategy for insect viruses, resulting in long-term persistence of the virus in the popula ... | 2007 | 17622639 |
| efficacy of repeated trickle applications of oxalic acid in syrup for varroosis control in apis mellifera: influence of meteorological conditions and presence of brood. | oxalic acid field trails for the control of varroosis (varroa destructor) were carried out in an apiary located on the mt. imittos (attica, greece). the colonies received four successive applications (approximately one every 16 days) with 4.2% oxalic acid (oa) and 60% sugar solution by trickling method with two alternative types of syringes (an automatic self-filling dosing and a single-use) from the broodright to broodless period. the results indicate that the first three applications (from 6th ... | 2007 | 17624673 |
| prevalence of pathogenic bee viruses in hungarian apiaries: situation before joining the european union. | a survey on the occurrence of six honeybee-pathogenic viruses was carried out using one-step rt-pcr assays. samples were collected between 1999 and 2004 in 52 hungarian apiaries located in different regions of the country. the results of the assays on samples of adult honeybees and varroa destructor mites were compared to similar surveys from france and austria. the study demonstrates geographical differences in the prevalence of honeybee viruses between hungary and the older eu member states. t ... | 2008 | 18155230 |
| the use of rna-dependent rna polymerase for the taxonomic assignment of picorna-like viruses (order picornavirales) infecting apis mellifera l. populations. | single-stranded rna viruses, infectious to the european honeybee, apis mellifera l. are known to reside at low levels in colonies, with typically no apparent signs of infection observed in the honeybees. reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) of regions of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) is often used to diagnose their presence in apiaries and also to classify the type of virus detected. | 2008 | 18211671 |
| acaricide resistance mechanisms in the two-spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae and other important acari: a review. | the two-spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae koch is one of the economically most important pests in a wide range of outdoor and protected crops worldwide. its control has been and still is largely based on the use of insecticides and acaricides. however, due to its short life cycle, abundant progeny and arrhenotokous reproduction, it is able to develop resistance to these compounds very rapidly. as a consequence, it has the dubious reputation to be the"most resistant species" in terms of the ... | 2010 | 20685616 |
| sudden deaths and colony population decline in greek honey bee colonies. | during june and july of 2009, sudden deaths, tremulous movements and population declines of adult honey bees were reported by the beekeepers in the region of peloponnesus (mt. mainalo), greece. a preliminary study was carried out to investigate these unexplained phenomena in this region. in total, 37 bee samples, two brood frames containing honey bee brood of various ages, eight sugar samples and four sugar patties were collected from the affected colonies. the samples were tested for a range of ... | 2010 | 20804765 |
| detection of chronic bee paralysis virus (cbpv) genome and its replicative rna form in various hosts and possible ways of spread. | detection of chronic bee paralysis virus (cbpv) is reported for the first time in two species of ants (camponotus vagus and formica rufa) and in varroa destructor. a quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) method was used to detect and quantify cbpv in infected bees, ants and mites. a minus-strand-specific rt-pcr was used to assess viral replication. these results suggest a new way by which the infection may be spread and other sites of viral persistence in the close apiary environment. | 2008 | 18243390 |
| recombinants between deformed wing virus and varroa destructor virus-1 may prevail in varroa destructor-infested honeybee colonies. | we have used high-throughput illumina sequencing to identify novel recombinants between deformed wing virus (dwv) and varroa destructor virus-1 (vdv-1), which accumulate to higher levels than dwv in both honeybees and varroa destructor mites. the recombinants, vdv-1(vvd) and vdv-1(dvd), exhibit crossovers between the 5'-utr and the regions encoding the structural (capsid) and non-structural viral proteins. this implies that the genomes are modular and that each region may evolve independently, a ... | 2010 | 20926636 |
| varroa destructor is an effective vector of israeli acute paralysis virus in the honeybee, apis mellifera. | the israeli acute paralysis virus (iapv) is a significant marker of honeybee colony collapse disorder (ccd). in the present work, we provide the first evidence that varroa destructor is iapv replication-competent and capable of vectoring iapv in honeybees. the honeybees became infected with iapv after exposure to varroa mites that carried the virus. the copy number of iapv in bees was positively correlated with the density of varroa mites and time period of exposure to varroa mites. further, we ... | 2010 | 20926637 |
| iridovirus and microsporidian linked to honey bee colony decline. | in 2010 colony collapse disorder (ccd), again devastated honey bee colonies in the usa, indicating that the problem is neither diminishing nor has it been resolved. many ccd investigations, using sensitive genome-based methods, have found small rna bee viruses and the microsporidia, nosema apis and n. ceranae in healthy and collapsing colonies alike with no single pathogen firmly linked to honey bee losses. | 2010 | 20949138 |
| changes in the reproductive ability of the mite varroa destructor (anderson e trueman) in africanized honey bees (apis mellifera l.) (hymenoptera: apidae) colonies in southern brazil. | varroa destructor has been in brazil for more than 30 years, but no mortality of honeybee colonies due to this mite has been recorded. africanized bee infestation rates attained by varroa have been low, without causing measurable damage to brazilian apiculture. the low reproductive ability of this parasite in africanized bee worker brood cells has been considered an important factor for maintaining the host-parasite equilibrium. nevertheless, the possible substitution of the haplotype of the mit ... | 2007 | 18246271 |
| short-term fumigation of honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) colonies with formic and acetic acids for the control of varroa destructor (acari: varroidae). | controlling populations of varroa mites is crucial for the survival of the beekeeping industry. many treatments exist, and all are designed to kill mites on adult bees. because the majority of mites are found under capped brood, most treatments are designed to deliver active ingredients over an extended period to control mites on adult bees, as developing bees and mites emerge. in this study, a 17-h application of 50% formic acid effectively killed mites in capped worker brood and on adult bees ... | 2008 | 18459386 |
| immunolocalization of deformed wing virus particles within the mite varroa destructor. | deformed wing virus (dwv) induces wing deformation when bees are infected during their pupal development. field observations and laboratory experiments suggest that the mite varroa destructor is a vector of the virus. moreover, it has been stated that dwv replicates within this mite. in order to understand the role of v. destructor in the transmission of dwv, the objective of this work was to locate the sites of retention and/or replication of dwv within the mite by immunohistochemistry. there w ... | 2008 | 18559939 |
| comparative performance of two mite-resistant stocks of honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae) in alabama beekeeping operations. | the utility of usda-developed russian and varroa sensitive hygiene (vsh) honey bees, apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae), was compared with that of locally produced, commercial italian bees during 2004-2006 in beekeeping operations in alabama, usa. infestations of varroa mites, varroa destructor anderson & truman (acari: varroidae), were measured twice each year, and colonies that reached established economic treatment thresholds (one mite per 100 adult bees in late winter; 5-10 mites per 10 ... | 2008 | 18613562 |
| what's in that package? an evaluation of quality of package honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) shipments in the united states. | to replace deceased colonies or to increase the colony numbers, beekeepers often purchase honey bees, apis mellifera l., in a package, which is composed of 909-1,364 g (2-3 lb) of worker bees and a mated queen. packages are typically produced in warm regions of the united states in spring and shipped throughout the united states to replace colonies that perished during winter. although the package bee industry is effective in replacing colonies lost in winter, packages also can be an effective m ... | 2008 | 18613564 |
| beta-cyclodextrins as carriers of monoterpenes into the hemolymph of the honey bee (apis mellifera) for integrated pest management. | the varroa mite ( varroa destructor) is becoming ubiquitous worldwide and is a serious threat to honey bees. the cultivation of certain food crops are at risk. the most noted acaricides against varroa mites are tau-fluvaninate and coumaphos, but the mites are showing resistance. since these insecticides are used in the proximity of honey, it is desirable to use natural alternatives. monoterpenoids such as thymol and carvacrol, that are constituents of oil of thyme and oil of origanum, show promi ... | 2008 | 18710247 |
| deformed wing virus associated with tropilaelaps mercedesae infesting european honey bees (apis mellifera). | mites in the genus tropilaelaps (acari: laelapidae) are ectoparasites of the brood of honey bees (apis spp.). different tropilaelaps subspecies were originally described from apis dorsata, but a host switch occurred to the western honey bee, apis mellifera, for which infestations can rapidly lead to colony death. tropilaelaps is hence considered more dangerous to a. mellifera than the parasitic mite varroa destructor. honey bees are also infected by many different viruses, some of them associate ... | 2009 | 18941909 |
| survey of six bee viruses using rt-pcr in northern thailand. | six honey bee viruses were surveyed using rt-pcr in northern thailand where about 80% of thai apiaries are located. tested samples were found to be positive for deformed wing virus (dwv), acute bee paralysis virus (abpv), sacbrood virus (sbv) and kashmir bee virus (kbv). in the collected samples, neither chronic bee paralysis virus nor black queen cell virus nucleic acids could be detected. it was found that dwv was the most widespread and abpv was the second most prevalent. kashmir bee virus wa ... | 2009 | 19105966 |
| deformed wing virus: replication and viral load in mites (varroa destructor). | deformed wing virus (dwv) normally causes covert infections but can have devastating effects on bees by inducing morphological deformity or even death when transmitted by the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor. in order to determine the role of v. destructor in the development of crippled wings, we analysed individual mites for the presence and replication of dwv. the results supported the correlation between viral replication in mites and morphologically deformed bees. quantification of viral ... | 2009 | 19141457 |
| deformed wing virus in western honey bees (apis mellifera) from atlantic canada and the first description of an overtly-infected emerging queen. | deformed wing virus (dwv) in western honey bees (apis mellifera) often remains asymptomatic in workers and drones, and symptoms have never been described from queens. however, intense infections linked to parasitism by the mite varroa destructor can cause worker wing deformity and death within 67 h of emergence. ten workers (eight with deformed wings and two with normal wings) and three drones (two with deformed wings and one with normal wings) from two colonies infected with v. destructor from ... | 2009 | 19373971 |
| evaluation of apicultural characteristics of first-year colonies initiated from packaged honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae). | we evaluated the performance of six named types of package honey bees, apis mellifera l (hymenoptera: apidae), from four commercial producers. we examined the effects of levels of the parasitic mite varroa destructor anderson & trueman, the endoparasitic mite acarapis woodi (rennie), the gut parasite nosema (species not determined) in samples from bees in 48 packages, and levels of adult drones in the same packages on corresponding levels of those same traits in the fall in colonies that develop ... | 2009 | 19449626 |
| genetic characterization of the mite varroa destructor (acari: varroidae) collected from honey bees apis mellifera (hymenoptera, apidae) in the state of santa catarina, brazil. | the mite varroa destructor is an ectoparasite that is considered a major pest for beekeeping with european honey bees. however, africanized bee colonies are less threatened by this ectoparasite, because infestation levels remain low in these bees. the low reproductive ability of female mites of the japanese biotype (j), introduced to brazil early in the 1970s was initially considered the main factor for the lack of virulence of this parasite on africanized bees. in other regions of the world whe ... | 2009 | 19731219 |
| deformed wing virus implicated in overwintering honeybee colony losses. | the worldwide decline in honeybee colonies during the past 50 years has often been linked to the spread of the parasitic mite varroa destructor and its interaction with certain honeybee viruses. recently in the united states, dramatic honeybee losses (colony collapse disorder) have been reported; however, there remains no clear explanation for these colony losses, with parasitic mites, viruses, bacteria, and fungal diseases all being proposed as possible candidates. common characteristics that m ... | 2009 | 19783750 |
| acaricidal and insecticidal activity of essential oils on varroa destructor (acari: varroidae) and apis mellifera (hymenoptera: apidae). | varroa destructor is an external parasitic mite that is a serious pest of honeybees and has caused severe losses of colonies worldwide. one of the feasible alternative treatments being used for their control is essential oils. the aim of this work was to evaluate the bioactivity of some essential oils on v. destructor and apis mellifera in relation with their chemical composition and physicochemical properties. lavender, lavendin and laurel essential oils showed linalool as main compound in thei ... | 2009 | 19795133 |
| reproductive biology of varroa destructor in africanized honey bees (apis mellifera). | since its first contact with apis mellifera, the population dynamics of the parasitic mite varroa destructor varies from one region to another. in many regions of the world, apiculture has come to depend on the use of acaricides, because of the extensive damage caused by varroa to bee colonies. at present, the mite is considered to contribute to the recent decline of honey bee colonies in north america and europe. because in tropical climates worker brood rearing and varroa reproduction occurs a ... | 2010 | 19851876 |
| indoor winter fumigation with formic acid for control of acarapis woodi (acari: tarsonemidae) and nosema disease, nosema sp. | indoor fumigation of honey bees, apis mellifera l., with formic acid to control varroa mites, varroa destructor anderson & trueman, allows simultaneous fumigation of multiple colonies with little labor input and good efficacy. several experiments were designed to test the efficacy of formic acid as a treatment for honey bee mites, acarapis woodi (rennie) (acari: tarsonemidae), and nosema disease, nosema sp., indoors in winter. the objectives of this study were (1) to determine the efficacy of fo ... | 2009 | 19886435 |
| the acute bee paralysis virus-kashmir bee virus-israeli acute paralysis virus complex. | acute bee paralysis virus (abpv), kashmir bee virus (kbv) and israeli acute paralysis virus (iapv) are part of a complex of closely related viruses from the family dicistroviridae. these viruses have a widespread prevalence in honey bee (apis mellifera) colonies and a predominantly sub-clinical etiology that contrasts sharply with the extremely virulent pathology encountered at elevated titres, either artificially induced or encountered naturally. these viruses are frequently implicated in honey ... | 2010 | 19909972 |
| expression and characterization of the chitinases from serratia marcescens gei strain for the control of varroa destructor, a honey bee parasite. | serratia marcescens gei strain was isolated from the gut of the workers of chinese honey bee apis cerana and evaluated in the laboratory for the control of varroa destructor, a parasite of western honey bee a. mellifera. the supernatant and the collected proteins by ammonium sulfate from the bacterial cultures showed a strong miticidal effect on the female mites, with 100% mite mortality in 5days. heat (100 degrees c for 10min) and proteinase k treatment of the collected proteins destroyed the m ... | 2010 | 20153333 |
| winter losses of honeybee colonies (hymenoptera: apidae): the role of infestations with aethina tumida (coleoptera: nitidulidae) and varroa destructor (parasitiformes: varroidae). | multiple infections of managed honeybee, apis mellifera, colonies are inevitable due to the ubiquitous ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor and might be an underlying cause of winter losses. here we investigated the role of adult small hive beetles, aethina tumida, alone and in combination with v. destructor for winter losses and for infections with the microsporidian endoparasite nosema ceranae. we found no significant influence of a. tumida and v. destructor alone or in combination on the numb ... | 2010 | 20214362 |
| bioactivity of propolis from different geographical origins on varroa destructor (acari: varroidae). | varroa destructor is an ectoparasitic mite that affects colonies of honey bee apis mellifera worldwide. in the last years, substances of botanical origin have emerged as natural alternative acaricides to diminish the population levels of the mite. in the present work, the bioactivity of propolis from different geographical locations of pampean region from argentina on v. destructor was evaluated. fourteen propolis samples were organoleptic and physicochemically characterized and, by means topica ... | 2010 | 20336318 |
| emerging and re-emerging viruses of the honey bee (apis mellifera l.). | until the late 1980s, specific viral infections of the honey bee were generally considered harmless in all countries. then, with the worldwide introduction of the ectoparasite mite varroa destructor, beekeepers encountered increasing difficulties in maintaining their colonies. epidemiological surveys and laboratory experiments have demonstrated that the newly acquired virulence of several viruses belonging to the family dicistroviridae (acute bee paralysis virus, kashmir bee virus and israeli ac ... | 2010 | 20423694 |
| development of a user-friendly delivery method for the fungus metarhizium anisopliae to control the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor in honey bee, apis mellifera, colonies. | a user-friendly method to deliver metarhizium spores to honey bee colonies for control of varroa mites was developed and tested. patty blend formulations protected the fungal spores at brood nest temperatures and served as an improved delivery system of the fungus to bee hives. field trials conducted in 2006 in texas using freshly harvested spores indicated that patty blend formulations of 10 g of conidia per hive (applied twice) significantly reduced the numbers of mites per adult bee, mites in ... | 2010 | 20512613 |
| bioactivity of rosmarinus officinalis essential oils against apis mellifera, varroa destructor and paenibacillus larvae related to the drying treatment of the plant material. | in this study, chemical composition, physicochemical properties and bioactivity of two essential oils of rosmarinus officinalis extracted from plant material with different drying treatments against apis mellifera, varroa destructor and paenibacillus larvae were assessed. the lethal concentration 50 (lc50) for mites and bees was estimated using a complete exposure method test. the broth microdilution method was followed in order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the es ... | 2011 | 20623426 |
| a cell culture model for nosema ceranae and nosema apis allows new insights into the life cycle of these important honey bee-pathogenic microsporidia. | the population of managed honey bees has been dramatically declining in the recent past in many regions of the world. consensus now seems to be that pathogens and parasites (e.g. the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor, the microsporidium nosema ceranae and viruses) play a major role in this demise. however, little is known about host-pathogen interactions for bee pathogens and attempts to develop novel strategies to combat bee diseases have been hampered by this gap in our knowledge. one reaso ... | 2010 | 20880328 |
| horizontal transmission of deformed wing virus: pathological consequences in adult bees (apis mellifera) depend on the transmission route. | recent reports on a steady decline of honeybee colonies in several parts of the world caused great concern. there is a consensus that pathogens are among the key players in this alarming demise of the most important commercial pollinator. one of the pathogens heavily implicated in colony losses is deformed wing virus (dwv). overt dwv infections manifested as deformed-wing syndrome started to become a threat to honeybees only in the wake of the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor, which horizont ... | 2010 | 20965988 |
| genomic survey of the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor, a major pest of the honey bee apis mellifera. | the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor has emerged as the primary pest of domestic honey bees (apis mellifera). here we present an initial survey of the v. destructor genome carried out to advance our understanding of varroa biology and to identify new avenues for mite control. this sequence survey provides immediate resources for molecular and population-genetic analyses of varroa-apis interactions and defines the challenges ahead for a comprehensive varroa genome project. | 2010 | 20973996 |
| the effect of bromfenvinphos and its impurities on human erythrocyte. | bromfenvinphos - (e,z)-o,o-diethyl-o-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-bromovinyl] phosphate (bfvf) is the insecticide elaborated in poland, which has been used against varroa destructor causing honey bees disease called as varroosis. the substances that are formed as a result of bromfenvinphos synthesis are dihydro-bromfenvinphos (o,o-diethyl o-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyl] phosphate); dibromo-bromfenvinphos (o,o-diethyl o-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2,2-dibromovinyl] phosphate); 2,4-dichlorophenacyl bromi ... | 2010 | 21115092 |
| [rt-pcr detection of deformed wing virus in the honey bee apis mellifera l. in the moscow region]. | deformed wing virus (dwv) was first detected in the honey bee apis mellifera by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pct) in the moscow region. molecular phylogenetic analysis of the detected nucleotide sequence of the virus fragment vp2-vp1 of dwv demonstrated that the russian virus sequence is united in the common cluster with all earlier revealed nucleotide sequences of dwv in the genbank worldwide, which confirms the previous conclusions that this virus has recently distribute ... | 2010 | 21260995 |
| viruses associated with ovarian degeneration in apis mellifera l. queens. | queen fecundity is a critical issue for the health of honeybee (apis mellifera l.) colonies, as she is the only reproductive female in the colony and responsible for the constant renewal of the worker bee population. any factor affecting the queen's fecundity will stagnate colony development, increasing its susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens. we discovered a pathology affecting the ovaries, characterized by a yellow discoloration concentrated in the apex of the ovaries resulting from dege ... | 2011 | 21283547 |
| detection of honey bee (apis mellifera) viruses with an oligonucleotide microarray. | in recent years, declines in honey bee (apis mellifera l.) colonies have been observed to varying degrees worldwide with the worst losses in the usa being termed colony collapse disorder (ccd). pathogen load and the prevalence of honey bee viruses have been implicated in these losses and many diseased hives have multiple viruses present. we have designed and tested an oligonucleotide microarray which enables the simultaneous detection of nine honey bee viruses: acute bee paralysis virus, black q ... | 2011 | 21419132 |
| an exposure study to assess the potential impact of fipronil in treated sunflower seeds on honey bee colony losses in spain. | background: there is great concern about the high losses and strong depopulation of honey bee colonies in some areas of spain. some beekeepers have suggested that sunflower seeds treated with the insecticide fipronil could be an important factor in causing those losses. therefore, an in-depth field study has been carried out in two regions of spain where sunflower production is intense (cuenca and andalucía) and where, for some crops and varieties, fipronil has been used as seed insecticide. res ... | 2011 | 21548002 |
| replication of varroa destructor virus 1 (vdv-1) and a varroa destructor virus 1-deformed wing virus recombinant (vdv-1-dwv) in the head of the honey bee. | a country-wide screen for viral pathogens in israeli apiaries revealed significant incidence of deformed wing virus (dwv) and varroa destructor-1 virus (vdv-1). to understand these viruses' possible involvement in deformed wing syndrome of honey bees, we studied their replication in symptomatically and asymptomatically infected bees qualitatively and quantitatively, using rt-pcr, quantitative real-time rt-pcr, and immunodetection of the major viral capsid protein vp1. we found, for the first tim ... | 2011 | 21652054 |
| negative correlation between nosema ceranae spore loads and deformed wing virus infection levels in adult honey bee workers. | interactions between pathogens might contribute to honey bee colony losses. here we investigated if there is an association between the microsporidian nosema ceranae and the deformed wing virus (dwv) in different body sections of individual honey bee workers (apis mellifera ligustica) under exclusion of the vector varroa destructor. our data provide correlational evidence for antagonistic interactions between the two pathogens in the midgut of the bees. | 2011 | 21939664 |
| evidence for emerging parasites and pathogens influencing outbreaks of stress-related diseases like chalkbrood. | in agriculture, honey bees play a critical role as commercial pollinators of crop monocultures which depend on insect pollination. hence, the demise of honey bee colonies in europe, usa, and asia caused much concern and initiated many studies and research programmes aiming at elucidating the factors negatively affecting honey bee health and survival. most of these studies look at individual factors related to colony losses. in contrast, we here present our data on the interaction of pathogens an ... | 2011 | 21906600 |
| Dead or alive: Deformed Wing Virus and Varroa destructor reduce the life span of winter honeybees. | Elevated winter losses of managed honey bee colonies are a major concern, but the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Among the suspects are the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, the microsporidian Nosema ceranae and associated viruses. Here, we hypothesize that pathogens reduce the life expectancy of winter bees, thereby constituting a proximate mechanism for colony losses. A monitoring of colonies was performed over six months in Switzerland from summer 2007 to winter 2007/2008. Indivi ... | 2011 | 22179240 |
| acaricide treatment affects viral dynamics in varroa destructor-infested honey bee colonies via both host physiology and mite control. | honey bee (apis mellifera) colonies are declining, and a number of stressors have been identified that affect, alone or in combination, the health of honey bees. the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor, honey bee viruses that are often closely associated with the mite, and pesticides used to control the mite population form a complex system of stressors that may affect honey bee health in different ways. during an acaricide treatment using apistan (plastic strips coated with tau-fluvalinate), w ... | 2012 | 22020517 |
| evidence for damage-dependent hygienic behaviour towards varroa destructor-parasitised brood in the western honey bee, apis mellifera. | the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor and honey bee pathogenic viruses have been implicated in the recent demise of honey bee colonies. several studies have shown that the combination of v. destructor and deformed wing virus (dwv) poses an especially serious threat to honey bee health. mites transmitting virulent forms of dwv may cause fatal dwv infections in the developing bee, while pupae parasitised by mites not inducing or activating overt dwv infections may develop normally. adult bees r ... | 2012 | 22189770 |
| dynamics of persistent and acute deformed wing virus infections in honey bees, apis mellifera. | the dynamics of viruses are critical to our understanding of disease pathogenesis. using honey bee deformed wing virus (dwv) as a model, we conducted field and laboratory studies to investigate the roles of abiotic and biotic stress factors as well as host health conditions in dynamics of virus replication in honey bees. the results showed that temperature decline could lead to not only significant decrease in the rate for pupae to emerge as adult bees, but also an increased severity of the viru ... | 2011 | 22355447 |
| development of a 44k snp assay focussing on the analysis of a varroa-specific defence behaviour in honey bees (apis mellifera carnica). | honey bees are exposed to a number of damaging pathogens and parasites. the most destructive among them, affecting mainly the brood, is varroa destructor. a promising approach to prevent its spread is to breed for varroa-tolerant honey bees. a trait that has been shown to provide significant resistance against the varroa mite is hygienic behaviour, a behavioural response of honey bee workers to brood diseases in general. this study reports the development of a 44k snp assay, specifically designe ... | 2011 | 22212375 |
| clinical signs of deformed wing virus infection are predictive markers for honey bee colony losses. | the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor acting as a virus vector constitutes a central mechanism for losses of managed honey bee, apis mellifera, colonies. this creates demand for an easy, accurate and cheap diagnostic tool to estimate the impact of viruliferous mites in the field. here we evaluated whether the clinical signs of the ubiquitous and mite-transmitted deformed wing virus (dwv) can be predictive markers of winter losses. in fall and winter 2007/2008, a.m. carnica workers with appare ... | 2012 | 23270875 |
| a search for protein biomarkers links olfactory signal transduction to social immunity. | the western honey bee (apis mellifera l.) is a critical component of human agriculture through its pollination activities. for years, beekeepers have controlled deadly pathogens such as paenibacillus larvae, nosema spp. and varroa destructor with antibiotics and pesticides but widespread chemical resistance is appearing and most beekeepers would prefer to eliminate or reduce the use of in-hive chemicals. while such treatments are likely to still be needed, an alternate management strategy is to ... | 2015 | 25757461 |
| diversity in a honey bee pathogen: first report of a third master variant of the deformed wing virus quasispecies. | treatment of emerging rna viruses is hampered by the high mutation and replication rates that enable these viruses to operate as a quasispecies. declining honey bee populations have been attributed to the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor and its affiliation with deformed wing virus (dwv). in the current study we use next-generation sequencing to investigate the dwv quasispecies in an apiary known to suffer from overwintering colony losses. we show that the dwv species complex is made up of t ... | 2015 | 26574686 |
| a virulent strain of deformed wing virus (dwv) of honeybees (apis mellifera) prevails after varroa destructor-mediated, or in vitro, transmission. | the globally distributed ectoparasite varroa destructor is a vector for viral pathogens of the western honeybee (apis mellifera), in particular the iflavirus deformed wing virus (dwv). in the absence of varroa low levels dwv occur, generally causing asymptomatic infections. conversely, varroa-infested colonies show markedly elevated virus levels, increased overwintering colony losses, with impairment of pupal development and symptomatic workers. to determine whether changes in the virus populati ... | 2014 | 24968198 |
| a field experiment to assess the rate of infestation in honey bee populations of two metarhizium anisopliae isolates on varroa destructor (acari: mesostigmata). | the protective effect of two isolates of an entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae (demi 002 and iran 437c) on the adult stage of varroa destructor was evaluated in comparison with fluvalinate strips in the field. | 2013 | 23785691 |
| gene-knockdown in the honey bee mite varroa destructor by a non-invasive approach: studies on a glutathione s-transferase. | the parasitic mite varroa destructor is considered the major pest of the european honey bee (apis mellifera) and responsible for declines in honey bee populations worldwide. exploiting the full potential of gene sequences becoming available for v. destructor requires adaptation of modern molecular biology approaches to this non-model organism. using a mu-class glutathione s-transferase (vdgst-mu1) as a candidate gene we investigated the feasibility of gene knockdown in v. destructor by double-st ... | 2010 | 20712880 |
| functional expression of an arachnid sodium channel reveals residues responsible for tetrodotoxin resistance in invertebrate sodium channels. | tetrodotoxin (ttx) is a potent blocker of voltage-gated sodium channels, but not all sodium channels are equally sensitive to inhibition by ttx. the molecular basis of differential ttx sensitivity of mammalian sodium channels has been largely elucidated. in contrast, our knowledge about the sensitivity of invertebrate sodium channels to ttx remains poor, in part because of limited success in functional expression of these channels. in this study, we report the functional characterization in xeno ... | 2009 | 19828457 |