| allozyme variation among biotypes of the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens in the philippines. | allozyme variation was studied in three nilaparvata lugens biotypes infesting specific rice varieties and a biotype infesting a weed grass, leersia hexandra. of the 20 enzymes in n. lugens for which activity was noted, 9 were polymorphic. eleven enzyme loci were monomorphic for the same allele in all biotype populations; the rest were polymorphic for two or more alleles. the mean number of alleles per polymorphic locus was 2.3, while the mean number of alleles per locus was 1.5; heterozygosity r ... | 1991 | 1859353 |
| a reovirus in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. | a new virus, belonging to the reovirus group, was found in an apparently healthy colony of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens, and was referred to as the nilaparvata lugens reovirus (nlrv). the virus was found in the cytoplasm of the insect cells, sometimes associated with tubular structures, which is one of the characteristic features in tissues infected with reoviruses. the virus was purified by carbon tetrachloride clarification, polyethylene glycol precipitation, differential and cscl ... | 1991 | 1919524 |
| electrophoretic karyotype of intracellular yeast-like symbiotes in rice planthoppers and anobiid beetles. | chromosomal dna molecules of intracellular yeast-like symbiotes (yls) of three species of rice planthoppers and two species of anobiid beetles have been separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. probable chromosome numbers of nilaparvata lugens, sogatella furcifera, and laodelphax striatellus, were 4, 4, and 5, respectively, and tentative genome sizes were 17.3, 17.6, and 20.1 mbp, respectively, based upon migration of individual chromosome-sized dna relative to the size standards of schizo ... | 1995 | 7722339 |
| phylogenetic position of yeast-like symbiotes of rice planthoppers based on partial 18s rdna sequences. | the rice planthoppers, nilaparvata lugens, sogatella furcifera, and laodelphax striatellus, harbor intracellular yeast-like symbiotes (yls) in the fat body. the yls are obligated endosymbiotes and are transovarially inherited. nucleotide sequences of the 18s rrna genes from the yls were analyzed by direct sequencing. the yls of the three species of planthoppers were monophyletic and their taxonomic positions were in the class pyrenomycetes in the subphylum ascomycotina. | 1995 | 7787846 |
| nonpathogenic nilaparvata lugens reovirus is transmitted to the brown planthopper through rice plant. | nilaparvata lugens reovirus (nlrv) was found in a colony of the brown planthopper, n. lugens, an important plant virus vector. unlike with usual phytopathogenic reoviruses, there are no visible symptoms on a rice plant which has been attacked by nlrv-infected planthoppers. manner of transmission, host range, and multiplication of nlrv in rice plant were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or polymerase chain reaction using reverse transcriptase. nlrv was transovumly transmitted to about ... | 1995 | 7871743 |
| nucleotide sequence of nilaparvata lugens reovirus genome segment s8 coding for the major outer capsid protein. | the complete nucleotide sequence of genome segment 8 (s8) of nilaparvata lugens reovirus (nlrv) was determined. it consisted of 1802 nucleotides containing a long open reading frame (562 amino acids), which was expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein. the expressed s8 product, a 62k protein, was detected by western blotting using igg directed against intact nlrv particles. this result indicates that s8 encodes the major outer capsid protein of nlrv. the protein exhibited 18.6% amino ac ... | 1994 | 7931170 |
| cloning of the nilaparvata lugens reovirus genome: conserved terminal nucleotide sequences and nucleotide sequence of genome segment s10. | the segmented double-stranded rna genome of nilaparvata lugens reovirus (nlrv) was cloned, and the nucleotide sequence of genome segment s10 and terminal nucleotide sequences of the rest of the segments were determined. genome segment s10 of nlrv consisted of 1430 nucleotides with a single open reading frame extending for 1293 nucleotides from nucleotide 46. it encoded a polypeptide of 431 amino acids with an m(r) of 49.4k, which was a non-structural protein. the plus-strand rna of all genome se ... | 1994 | 8113731 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the nilaparvata lugens reovirus: a putative member of the genus fijivirus. | the nucleotide sequences of all genome segments of the nilaparvata lugens reovirus (nlrv), which is found in the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens, have been determined and some genes have been assigned to structural and functional proteins. the genome of nlrv consists of 28 699 nucleotides and contains at least 11 large open reading frames (orfs). the genome of nlrv is the largest among viruses of the family reoviridae reported to date. the deduced amino acid sequence of genome segment s1 co ... | 1996 | 8558122 |
| detection and molecular analysis of plant- and insect-associated bacteria harboring aconitate isomerase involved in biosynthesis of trans-aconitic acid as antifeedant in brown planthoppers. | the activity of aconitate isomerase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of trans-aconitic acid as antifeedant in brown planthoppers, was detected in pseudomonas fluorescens lrb3w1 and pseudomonas putida maff301685 but not in pseudomonas putida maff301684. the enzyme activity was induced in the presence of trans-aconitate, and therefore bacteria showing the enzyme activity were easily detected by their ability to grow on the minimal medium containing trans-aconitate as the sole carbon source ( ... | 1997 | 9216883 |
| production and purification of active snowdrop lectin in escherichia coli. | recombinant snowdrop lectin was produced in escherichia coli from a cdna clone encoding mature galanthus nivalis agglutinin. after induction with isopropylthio-beta-d-galactoside, inclusion bodies from e. coli were solubilised and the g. nivalis agglutinin purified by metal-affinity chromatography using a carboxy-terminal hexahistidine tag. the protein was refolded on the metal-affinity column prior to elution. after purification, the recombinant g. nivalis agglutinin agglutinated rabbit erythro ... | 1998 | 9523712 |
| allozyme polymorphism and geographic variation in the small brown planthopper, laodelphax striatellus (homoptera: delphacidae). | the small brown planthopper, laodelphax striatellus, immigrates annually into japan over the east china sea from the asian mainland. it is not known whether this long-distance dispersal has any effect on the genetic structure of japanese l. striatellus populations. the dispersal of l. striatellus is suspected to be relevant to the population dynamics of infection with the parasitic bacterium wolbachia, which causes cytoplasmic incompatibility in l. striatellus. wolbachia infection has spread wit ... | 1997 | 9559095 |
| taxonomic characteristics of fijiviruses based on nucleotide sequences of the oat sterile dwarf virus genome. | sequence determination of full-length cdna clones of genomic segments 7-10 (s7-s10) of oat sterile dwarf fijivirus (osdv) revealed that the 5' and 3' ends of the plus strands of these segments had the same conserved terminal sequences, 5' aacgaaaaa and uuuuuuuaguc 3'. these sequences are similar, but not identical, to the conserved terminal nucleotide sequences of the genomic segments of rice black streaked dwarf fijivirus (rbsdv) and maize rough dwarf fijivirus (mrdv). the coding strands of s7 ... | 1998 | 9634091 |
| rice ragged stunt oryzavirus genome segment s4 could encode an rna dependent rna polymerase and a second protein of unknown function. | the complete nucleotide sequence of genome segment s4 of rice ragged stunt oryzavirus (rrsv, thai-isolate) was determined. the 3823 bp sequence contains two large open reading frames (orfs). orf1, spanning nucleotides 12 to 3776, is capable of encoding a protein of m(r) 141,380 (p4a). the p4a amino acid sequence predicted from the nucleotide sequence contains sequence motifs conserved in rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrps). when compared for evolutionary relationships with rdrps of other reovi ... | 1998 | 9787664 |
| determining the nucleotide sequence and capsid-coding region of himetobi p virus: a member of a novel group of rna viruses that infect insects. | we determined the complete genome sequence of himetobi p virus (hipv), an insect picorna-like virus, which was isolated from the small brown planthopper, laodelphax striatellus. the genome of hipv consists of 9,275 nucleotides excluding the poly (a) tail, and contains two large open reading frames (orfs), which were separated by a 176-nucleotide noncoding region. the deduced amino acid sequence of the first orf contains core motifs of picornaviral helicase, protease, and rna-dependent rna polyme ... | 1999 | 10550677 |
| taxonomic implications for fijiviruses based on the terminal sequences of fiji disease fijivirus. brief report. | the 5' and 3' terminal sequences of the plus strand of fiji disease fijivirus (fdv) segments 2, 3, 9 and 10 possess the conserved terminal sequences, 5'aaguuuuu.....cagcagauguc 3'. the 5' sequence is identical to that of maize rough dwarf fijivirus (mrdv) and rice black-streaked dwarf fijivirus (rbsdv), whereas the fdv 3' sequence shares the consensus, cagcnnnnguc, with mrdv and rbsdv. the fdv terminal sequences, and the amino acid sequences from fdv segment 9, are more closely related to those ... | 1999 | 10603181 |
| comparison of nucleotide sequences between northern and southern philippine isolates of rice grassy stunt virus indicates occurrence of natural genetic reassortment. | rice grassy stunt virus is a member of the genus tenuivirus, is persistently transmitted by a brown planthopper, and has occurred in rice plants in south, southeast, and east asia [corrected]. we determined the complete nucleotide (nt) sequences of rnas 1 (9760 nt), 2 (4069 nt), 3 (3127 nt), 4 (2909 nt), 5 (2704 nt), and 6 (2590 nt) of a southern philippine isolate from south cotabato and compared them with those of a northern philippine isolate from laguna (toriyama et al., 1997, 1998). the num ... | 2000 | 10612657 |
| cloning, sequence analysis and expression in escherichia coli of the gene encoding a uricase from the yeast-like symbiont of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. | a urate oxidase (uricase; ec 1.7.3.3) gene of the yeast-like fungal endosymbiont of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens, was cloned, and sequenced together with its flanking regions. the gene comprised a open reading frame of 987 bp, that was split into two parts by a single 96 bp intron. the encoded uricase was 296 amino acids with 62% sequence identity with that of aspergillus flavus. the molecular weight deduced was 32,882, and the predicted isoelectric point was 6.06. the symbiont's ur ... | 2000 | 10696593 |
| ferritin acts as the most abundant binding protein for snowdrop lectin in the midgut of rice brown planthoppers (nilaparvata lugens). | the mannose-specific snowdrop lectin [galanthus nivalis agglutinin (gna)] displays toxicity to the rice brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens. a 26kda gna-binding polypeptide from n. lugens midgut was identified by lectin blotting and affinity chromatography, and characterized by n-terminal sequencing. this polypeptide is the most abundant binding protein for gna in the n. lugens midgut. a cdna (fersub2) encoding this protein was isolated from an n. lugens cdna library. the deduced amino acid seq ... | 2000 | 10727896 |
| [phylogenetic relationships and evolution of yeast-like symbionts of the small brown planthoppers based on partial 18s rdna sequences]. | the yeast-like symbionts are isolated and purified from the small brown planthoppers collected from five areas in china. the 18s rdna sequences of them are determined. combined with the sequences of other fungi, we have constructed a comprehensive phylogenetic tree. the results suggested that the taxonomic positions of the yls are in the class pyrenomycetes in the subphylum ascomycotina and the yls have the closest relationship with h. chrysospermus. the yls of different areas in china and japan ... | 2000 | 10887693 |
| molecular characterization of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus genome segment 4. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome segment 4 (s4) of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (bmcpv) was determined. the 3,259-nucleotide sequence contains a single long open reading frame which spans nucleotides 14 to 3187 and which is predicted to encode a protein with a molecular mass of about 130 kda. western blot analysis showed that s4 encodes bmcpv protein vp3, which is one of the outer components of the bmcpv virion. sequence analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of ... | 2001 | 11134312 |
| insect symbiosis: derivation of yeast-like endosymbionts within an entomopathogenic filamentous lineage. | yeast-like endosymbionts (ylss) of insects often are restricted to specific hosts and are essential to the host's survival. for example, in planthoppers (homoptera: delphacidae), endosymbionts function in sterol utilization and nitrogen recycling for the hosts. our study, designed to investigate evolutionary changes in the yls lineage involved in the planthopper association, strongly suggests an origin of the ylss from within the filamentous ascomycetes (euascomycetes), not the true yeasts (sacc ... | 2001 | 11371588 |
| histological observations on transovarial transmission of a yeast-like symbiote in nilaparvata lugens stal (homoptera, delphacidae). | transovarial transmission of a yeast-like symbiote (yls) in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stal, was observed with light and electron microscopy. light micrographs showed that there was no yls in testes and spermathecae of the mated females, indicating that sperm is not involved in the transovarial transmission of the symbiote. both light and electron micrographs showed the processes of yls transmission from fat body to the oocyte. in females, the symbiotes in mycetocytes moved out of ... | 2001 | 11469541 |
| [stress response of nilaparvata lugens at high temperature and activities of its protective enzyme systems]. | the nymphae and different wing-form adults of brown planthopper (bph) were treated intermittently at 34 degrees c, 36 degrees c and 38 degrees c. during the process of heat shock treatment, the variation of the activities of the endogenous enzymes of protective system and the content of lipid peroxides (lpo) in bph were researched. the results showed that the effect of heat shock treatments on cat activity in 4th instar of nymphae was higher than that in 3rd and 5th instar. the cat activity in b ... | 2001 | 11758425 |
| molecular characterisation of segments 1 to 6 of rice black-streaked dwarf virus from china provides the complete genome. | the nucleotide sequences of segments s1 to s6 of a chinese isolate of rice black-streaked dwarf virus (rbsdv) were determined. this provides the first complete sequence of a plant pathogenic member of the genus fijivirus. the complete ten-segment genome has 29,141 nucleotides, making it the largest reovirus genome so far reported. each of the segments s1-s6 is predicted to encode a single major protein. protein comparisons indicated that s1 encoded an rna dependent rna polymerase, with similarit ... | 2001 | 11811683 |
| purification, molecular cloning and heterologous expression of a glutathione s-transferase involved in insecticide resistance from the rice brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. | a novel glutathione s-transferase (gst)-based pyrethroid resistance mechanism was recently identified in nilaparvata lugens [vontas, small and hemingway (2001) biochem. j. 357, 65-72]. to determine the nature of gsts involved in conferring this resistance, the gsts from resistant and susceptible strains of n. lugens were partially purified by anion exchange and affinity chromatography. the majority of peroxidase activity, previously correlated with resistance, was confined to the fraction that b ... | 2002 | 11853540 |
| localization of ps9 in rice ragged stunt oryzavirus and its role in virus transmission by brown planthopper. | a cdna of rice ragged stunt oryzavirus(rrsv) coding for its protein ps9 was prepared and expressed in e.coli as a fusion protein then purified and cleaved by factor-xa to a 38kd polypeptide. using the igg of the antiserum raised against the expressed fusion protein the gold immuno-labelling experiments provided a direct evidence that the 38kd polypeptide is one of the major proteins forming the virus spikes. virus transmission experiments in brown planthopper fed with ps9 showed the inhibition o ... | 1999 | 12136212 |
| molecular mapping and genetic analysis of a rice brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stål) resistance gene. | the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens stål, is a serious insect pest of rice (oryza saliva l.). we have determined the chromosomal location of a bph resistance gene in rice using ssr and rflp techniques. a rice line 'b14', derived from the wild rice oryza latifolia, showed high resistance to bph. for tagging the resistance gene in 'b14x', an f2 population and a recombinant inbred (ri) population from a cross between taichung native 1 and 'b14' were developed and evaluated for bph resis ... | 2002 | 12184487 |
| nucleotide sequences of double-stranded rna segments from a hypovirulent strain of the white root rot fungus rosellinia necatrix: possibility of the first member of the reoviridae from fungus. | twelve double-stranded (ds) rna segments were detected from a hypovirulent strain w370 of the white root rot fungus rosellinia necatrix. the estimated molecular weights ranged from 0.41 x 10(6) to 2.95 x 10(6). full length cdna clones for eight segments were obtained. northern blot analysis suggested that each segment was genetically unique. the nucleotide sequences of eight full length dsrna segments were determined. one long open reading frame was found in each segment. conserved sequences at ... | 2002 | 12206302 |
| sequence analysis of genome segments s4 and s8 of mal de río cuarto virus (mrcv): evidence that the virus should be a separate fijivirus species. | this is the first sequence-based characterization of mal de río cuarto virus (mrcv), currently classified as a variant of maize rough dwarf virus (mrdv) and exclusively found in south america. we sequenced and analyzed genome segments s4 and s8. mrcv s4 coded for a putative 131.67 kda protein while mrcv s8 coded for a putative 68.26 kda protein containing an atp/gtp-binding motif. the 5' and 3' ends of mrcv segments, were 5'aaguuuuu3' and 5'cagcunnnguc3', respectively. prediction of secondary st ... | 2002 | 12209310 |
| the role of ants, especially the fire ant, solenopsis geminata (hymenoptera: formicidae), in the biological control of tropical upland rice pests. | predatory ants are omnipresent year-round in upland (dryland) rice fields in the philippines. at least 14 species were identified of which the very aggressive solenopsis geminata (fabricius) and also tapinoma sp. nr indicum forel usually predominated. some highly aggressive species, notably pheidolegetonspp. and bothriomyrmex dalyi forel were localized. solenopsis geminata flourished within many fields, not only during the crop season but also throughout dry season fallows where they remained ag ... | 2002 | 12241568 |
| detection of rice grassy stunt tenuivirus nonstructural proteins p2, p5 and p6 from infected rice plants and from viruliferous brown planthoppers. | the genome of rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv) consists of 6 ambisense rna segments, among which rnas 1, 2, 5 and 6 are equivalent to rnas 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, of rice stripe virus, the type species of the genus tenuivirus. the rgsv 36-kda nucleocapsid protein (n) is encoded on the complementary strand of rna 5. here, we studied accumulation of three nonstructural proteins, a 23-kda p2 protein encoded on vrna 2 (virus genomic strand), a 22-kda p5 protein encoded on vrna 5, and a 21-kda p6 ... | 2002 | 12491098 |
| superinfection of laodelphax striatellus with wolbachia from drosophila simulans. | wolbachia are maternally inherited, intracellular alpha-proteobacteria that infect a wide range of arthropods. they manipulate the reproduction of hosts to facilitate their spread into host populations, through ways such as cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), parthenogenesis, feminization and male killing. the influence of wolbachia infection on host populations has attracted considerable interest in their possible role in speciation and as a potential agent of biological control. in this study, w ... | 2003 | 12522428 |
| in vitro cultivation of wolbachia in insect and mammalian cell lines. | wolbachia infecting the small brown planthopper, laodelphax striatellus, were successfully maintained and cultivated in two insect and one mammalian cell lines. the bacteria with the planthopper ovary were introduced into the flasks with the cultures of the cell lines. the wolbachia proliferated in mosquito (aedes albopictus) and lepidopteran (heliothis zea) cell lines and in the mouse cell line, l929. proliferation of wolbachia was confirmed by electron microscopy and quantitative polymerase ch ... | 2002 | 12534342 |
| rapd markers linked to brown planthopper nilaparvatha lugens resistance locus in rice. | brown plant hopper, a major pest in rice causes "hopper burn" in the field. the resistance gene for brown planthopper was mapped by using 20 recombinant inbred lines (ril's) derived from a cross between resistant line oryza. officinalis derivative (ir 54742-2-21-12-17-6) and a susceptible rice cultivar asd 16 using bulked segregant analysis. on an average of 4 loci were amplified and two rapd primers amplified loci that co-segregated with resistance/susceptibility. the segregating rapd loci were ... | 2000 | 12561959 |
| a genome-specific repetitive dna sequence from oryza eichingeri: characterization, localization, and introgression to o. sativa. | in the course of transferring the brown planthopper resistance from a diploid, cc-genome wild rice species, oryza eichingeri (irgc acc. 105159 and 105163), to the cultivated rice variety 02428, we have isolated many alien addition and introgression lines. the o. eichingeri chromatin in some of these lines has previously been identified using genomic in situ hybridization and molecular-marker analysis. here we cloned a tandemly repetitive dna sequence from o. eichingeri irgc acc105163, and detect ... | 2002 | 12582684 |
| sequence and phylogenetic analysis of genome segments s1, s2, s3 and s6 of mal de río cuarto virus, a newly accepted fijivirus species. | mal de río cuarto virus (mrcv) is a newly described species of the genus fijivirus, family reoviridae. the nucleotide sequence of four mrcv genome segments was determined. mrcv s1, s2, s3 and s6 were predicted to encode proteins of 168.4, 134.4, 141.7 and 90 kda, respectively. mrcv s1 encodes a basic protein that contains conserved rna-dependent rna polymerase motifs, and is homologous to rice black streaked dwarf virus (rbsdv), fiji disease virus (fdv) and nilaparvata lugens reovirus (nlrv) pol ... | 2003 | 12606083 |
| detecting rice stripe virus (rsv) in the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus) with high specificity by rt-pcr. | rice stripe disease, caused by rice stripe virus (rsv), may lead to severe or even crippling losses in many rice-cultured countries and regions. as the most important vector of rsv, the small brown planthopper (sbph) (laodelphax striatellus) is largely responsible for the epidemic phase of the disease. therefore, a rapid identification of rsv in the sbph is of a great need for disease forecasting. a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay is described to amplify a rsv gene ... | 2003 | 12951219 |
| sequence analysis of the complete genome of rice black-streaked dwarf virus isolated from maize with rough dwarf disease. | the complete nucleotide sequences of 10 genomic segments (s1-s10) from an isolate of rice black-streaked dwarf virus causing rough dwarf disease on maize (rbsdv-hbm) in china were determined, a total of 29,142 base pairs (bp). each segment possessed the genus-specific termini with conserved nucleotide sequences of (+) 5'-aaguuuuu......cagcunnnguc-3' and a perfect or imperfect inverted repeat of seven to eleven nucleotides immediately adjacent to the terminal conserved sequence. while the coding ... | 2003 | 14501194 |
| construction of a genomic library of wild rice and agrobacterium-mediated transformation of large insert dna linked to bph resistance locus. | here we report the first genomic library of wild rice constructed on a plant-transformation-competent binary vector (bibac2) and transformation of the large insert dna into rice via agrobacterium. we selected oryza officinalis for genomic library construction. the library consists of 55,296 clones and stored in one hundred forty-four 384-well plates. random sampling of 140 clones indicated an average insert size of 71 kb at a range of 15-235 kb and 4.8% empty vectors. four wheat chloroplast prob ... | 2003 | 14636998 |
| two whitebacked planthopper resistance genes in rice share the same loci with those for brown planthopper resistance. | the whitebacked planthopper (wbph), sogatella furcifera, and brown planthopper (bph) nilaparvata lugens stål are important sucking insects of rice (oryza sativa l.) crops throughout the world. rice 'b5', which has derived its resistance genes from the wild rice o. officinalis wall ex watt, is a line that is highly resistant to both wbph and bph. previously, two resistance genes against bph, qbp1, and qbp2 in 'b5' had been mapped onto chromosome 3 and chromosome 4, respectively. in this study, we ... | 2004 | 14666132 |
| marker-assisted pyramiding of brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stål) resistance genes bph1 and bph2 on rice chromosome 12. | brown planthopper (bph) (nilaparvata lugens stål) is a significant insect pest of rice (oryza sativa l.). we constructed a gene-pyramided japonica line, in which two bph resistance genes bph1 and bph2 on the long arm of chromosome 12 independently derived from two indica resistance lines were combined through the recombinant selection. the gene-pyramiding was achieved based on the previously constructed high-resolution linkage maps of the two genes. two co-dominant and four dominant pcr-based ma ... | 2004 | 15032948 |
| [techniques of diseases, insect pests and weeds control and their efficacy in bio-rational rice production]. | studies on the efficacy of bio-rational pesticides and agricultural methods against the chief diseases, insect pests and weeds of rice showed that the efficacy of the mixtures of jingangmycin and bacillus-cereus, and jingangmycin and polyoxin against rice sheath blight were 75.16%-94.27% after sprayed once at the tiller and boot end stages of rice, respectively, and better than that of chemical fungicide triadimefon. the efficacy of kasugamycin and blasticidin was 50.54%-72.67% on rice leaf blas ... | 2004 | 15139200 |
| [qtl analysis for rice stripe disease resistance gene using recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from crossing of kinmaze and dv85]. | rice stripe disease transmitted by small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus fall.) is one of the most serious viral diseases in east asia. the disease is severely epidemic in most rice growing areas where the main cultivars are susceptible or moderately susceptible to rice stripe virus. in this research, a recombinant inbred lines (rils) population of 81 lines derived from a cross of kinmaze (japonica)/dv85(indica) by the single seed descent method was used to detect quantitative trait lo ... | 2004 | 15195569 |
| transgenic rice plants expressing the snowdrop lectin gene (gna) exhibit high-level resistance to the whitebacked planthopper (sogatella furcifera). | transgenic rice plants, expressing snowdrop lectin [galanthus nivalis agglutinin (gna)], obtained by agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation, were evaluated for resistance against the insect, the whitebacked planthopper (wbph). the transgene gna was driven by the phloem-specific, rice-sucrose synthase promoter rss1, and the bar was driven by the camv 35s promoter. in our previous study, the transgenic status of these lines was confirmed by southern, northern and western blot analyses. both ... | 2004 | 15252708 |
| [mapping of a new resistance gene to bacterial blight in rice line introgressed from oryza officinalis]. | rice line 'b5', which was derived from the wild rice oryza officinalis wall ex watt through introgression, has been proved to be high resistant to brown planthopper, whitebacked planthopper and bacterial blight (xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). in this study, the resistance to bacterial blight of 187 recombinant inbred lines (rils) from a cross between ' b5' and 'minghui63' were evaluated and rflp markers linked to the resistance gene were identified by bulked segregant analysis. analysis of the ... | 2004 | 15473325 |
| high-resolution genetic mapping at the bph15 locus for brown planthopper resistance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | resistance to the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens stal, a devastating sucking insect pest of rice, is an important breeding objective in rice improvement programs. bph15, one of the 17 major bph resistance genes so far identified in both cultivated and wild rice, has been identified in an introgression line, b5, and mapped on chromosome 4 flanked by restriction fragment length polymorphism markers c820 and s11182. in order to pave the way for positional cloning of this gene, we have ... | 2004 | 15549231 |
| determination and distribution of a female-specific protein in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stal (homoptera: delphacidae). | electrophoretic analyses of hemolymph and body or ovary homogenates from reproducing females, males, and 5th instar nymphs of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stal, revealed a protein band of 175 kda in females. an immunoblot test using antibody against this protein showed a positive reaction with a 175 kda protein from female body or ovary homogenates. it is likely that this protein in hemolymph is vitellogenin (vg). distribution of vg was determined by immunofluorescence and immunogol ... | 2005 | 15695174 |
| time-concentration-mortality modeling of the synergistic interaction of beauveria bassiana and imidacloprid against nilaparvata lugens. | interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana sg8702, and imidacloprid on nilaparvata lugens (homoptera: delphacidae) were studied in laboratory bioassays by spraying suspensions of unformulated conidia (assay 1) and aqueous dilutions of emulsifiable conidia formulation alone (assay 2) or together with imidacloprid at the sub-lethal rates of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 microg ml(-1) (assays 3-5). each assay consisted of five conidia concentrations plus an appropriate control and thre ... | 2005 | 15751011 |
| molecular dynamics of detoxification and toxin-tolerance genes in brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stål., homoptera: delphacidae) feeding on resistant rice plants. | to investigate the molecular response of brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (bph) to bph-resistant rice plants, we isolated cdna fragments of the genes encoding for carboxylesterase (car), trypsin (try), cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (p450), nadh-quinone oxidoreductase (nqo), acetylcholinesterase (ace), and glutathione s-transferase (gst). expression profiles of the genes were monitored on fourth instar nymphs feeding on rice varieties with different resistance levels. northern blot hybridiza ... | 2005 | 15898115 |
| a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mutation conferring target-site resistance to imidacloprid in nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper). | neonicotinoids, such as imidacloprid, are nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) agonists with potent insecticidal activity. since its introduction in the early 1990s, imidacloprid has become one of the most extensively used insecticides for both crop protection and animal health applications. as with other classes of insecticides, resistance to neonicotinoids is a significant threat and has been identified in several pest species, including the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens, a major r ... | 2005 | 15937112 |
| sequencing and characterization of a cdna encoding a ferritin subunit of colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata. | a differentially expressed cdna fragment (p311) from colorado potato beetle (cpb), leptinotarsa decemlineata (say), was identified by restriction fragment differential display-polymerase chain reaction (rfdd-pcr) technique, and showed a strong similarity to ferritin heavy chain subunits of other organisms. based on p311, we constructed specific primers and obtained a 840-bp cdna fragment spanning the open reading frame of cpb ferritin subunit using the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) tec ... | 2005 | 16235258 |
| microbial hydroxylation of imidacloprid for the synthesis of highly insecticidal olefin imidacloprid. | microorganisms that bring about the aerobic transformation of imidacloprid (imi) were isolated and screened, and the microbial regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of imi was studied. some bacteria and fungi transformed imi to 5-hydroxyl imi. bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia cgmcc 1.1788 resting cells transformed imi into r-5-hydroxyl imi at the highest conversion rate. the enzyme catalyzed the stereoselective hydroxylation at position c12 of imi in the imidazolidine ring. under acidic ... | 2006 | 16307271 |
| characterization of a novel satellite virus and a strain of himetobi p virus (dicistroviridae) from the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. | two distinct spherical virus-like particles were purified from the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. one was a geographical isolate of himetobi p virus (cripavirus, dicistroviridae). the other was 30 nm in diameter and contained positive-stranded rna. the rna was 1647 nucleotides in length and encoded only its own capsid protein, indicating that this particle is a satellite virus. transmission tests showed that the satellite was transmitted vertically; however, its helper virus was unknown. ... | 2006 | 16310214 |
| transgenic rice expressing allium sativum leaf lectin with enhanced resistance against sap-sucking insect pests. | mannose binding allium sativum leaf agglutinin (asal) has been shown to be antifeedant and insecticidal against sap-sucking insects. in the present investigation, asal coding sequence was expressed under the control of camv35s promoter in a chimeric gene cassette containing plant selection marker, hpt and gusa reporter gene of pcambia1301 binary vector in an elite indica rice cv. ir64. many fertile transgenic plants were generated using scutellar calli as initial explants through agrobacterium-m ... | 2006 | 16404581 |
| a fusion protein containing a lepidopteran-specific toxin from the south indian red scorpion (mesobuthus tamulus) and snowdrop lectin shows oral toxicity to target insects. | despite evidence suggesting a role in plant defence, the use of plant lectins in crop protection has been hindered by their low and species-specific insecticidal activity. snowdrop lectin (galanthus nivalis agglutinin; gna) is transported to the haemolymph of insects after oral ingestion, and can be used as a basis for novel insecticides. recombinant proteins containing gna expressed as a fusion with a peptide or protein, normally only toxic when injected into the insect haemolymph, have the pot ... | 2006 | 16542451 |
| a novel approach for developing resistance in rice against phloem limited viruses by antagonizing the phloem feeding hemipteran vectors. | rice production is known to be severely affected by virus transmitting rice pests, brown planthopper (bph) and green leafhopper (glh) of the order hemiptera, feeding by phloem abstraction. asal, a novel lectin from leaves of garlic (allium sativum) was previously demonstrated to be toxic towards hemipteran pests when administered in artificial diet as well as in asal expressing transgenic plants. in this report asal was targeted under the control of phloem-specific agrobacterium rolc and rice su ... | 2006 | 16941213 |
| a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mutation (y151s) causes reduced agonist potency to a range of neonicotinoid insecticides. | neonicotinoid insecticides are potent selective agonists of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs). since their introduction in 1991, resistance to neonicotinoids has been slow to develop, but it is now established in some insect field populations such as the planthopper, nilaparvata lugens, a major rice pest in many parts of asia. we have reported recently the identification of a target-site mutation (y151s) within two nachr subunits (nlalpha1 and nlalpha3) from a laboratory-selected ... | 2006 | 16981889 |
| transgenic indica rice resistant to sap-sucking insects. | agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation has been optimized in indica rice susceptible to sap-sucking insects, viz., brown planthopper (bph) and green leafhopper (glh). snowdrop lectin gene (gna) from galanthus nivalis, driven by phloem-specific rice-sucrose-synthase promoter, along with herbicide resistance gene (bar) driven by camv 35s promoter, was employed for genetic transformation. embryogenic calli--after co-cultivation with agrobacterium strain lba4404 harbouring ti plasmid psb111-b ... | 2003 | 17156035 |
| phylogenetic position of the yeast-like symbiotes of tagosodes orizicolus (homoptera: delphacidae) based on 18s ribosomal dna partial sequences. | tagosodes orizicolus muir (homoptera: delphacidae), the endemic delphacid species of tropical america carries yeast-like symbiotes (yls) in the abdominal fat bodies and the ovarial tissues, like other rice planthoppers of asia. these yls are obligate symbiotes, which are transmitted transovarially, and maintain a mutualistic relationship with the insect host. this characteristic has made in vitro culture and classification of yls rather difficult using conventional methods. nevertheless, microor ... | 2004 | 17361570 |
| identification of y chromosomal pcr marker and production of a selected strain for molecular sexing in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. | a laboratory colony was established in order to enable molecular sexing in premature stages in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. we found four male-specific amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflps) in the planthopper, and sequenced one of the aflps along with its 5' flanking region (1,423 bp in total). pcr primers were designed based on the nucleotide sequence information so that the pcr product was present in male planthoppers and absent in female planthoppers. however, we could ... | 2007 | 17427932 |
| identification of putative mapk kinases in oryza minuta and o. sativa responsive to biotic stresses. | the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling cascade is critical for regulating plant defense systems against various kinds of pathogen and environmental stresses. one component of this cascade, the map kinase kinases (mapkk), has not yet been shown to be induced in plants following biotic attacks, such as those by insects and fungi. we describe here a gene coding for a blast (magnaporthe grisea)- and insect (nilaparvata lugens)-responsive putative mapk kinase, ommkk1 (oryza minuta mapk ... | 2007 | 17464219 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to brown planthopper in the indica rice cultivar col.5 thailand. | the brown planthopper (bph) is one of the most serious insect pests of rice throughout asia. in this study, we constructed a linkage map to determine the locus for bph resistance gene, using an f(2) population from a cross between a resistant indica cultivar, 'col.5 thailand', and a susceptible cultivar '02428'. insect resistance was evaluated using 147 f(3) families and the genotype of each f(2) plant was inferred from the phenotype of corresponding f(3) families. two qtls was detected on chrom ... | 2007 | 17567441 |
| transmission of rice stripe virus acquired from frozen infected leaves by the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus fallen). | rice stripe disease, caused by rice stripe virus (rsv), is one of the most serious rice diseases in temperate and subtropical regions of the world. since rsv is not transmissible mechanically, an insect transmission test was the original basis for identification of the viral population and cultivar resistance. a simple, rapid and reliable method is described by which virus-free small brown planthoppers acquired rsv from frozen infected rice leaves and transmitted the virus to healthy rice plants ... | 2007 | 17614147 |
| functional expression and characterisation of a gut facilitative glucose transporter, nlht1, from the phloem-feeding insect nilaparvata lugens (rice brown planthopper). | phloem-sap feeding hemipteran insects have access to a sucrose-rich diet but are dependent on sucrose hydrolysis and hexose transport for carbon nutrition. a cdna library from nilaparvata lugens (rice brown planthopper) was screened for clones encoding potential transmembrane transporters. a selected cdna, nlht1, encodes a 53kda polypeptide with sequence similarity to facilitative hexose transporters of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, including glut1, the human erythrocyte hexose transporter. nlht1 ... | 2007 | 17916500 |
| a novel lipoxygenase gene from developing rice seeds confers dual position specificity and responds to wounding and insect attack. | oslox1 is a novel full-length cdna isolated from developing rice seeds. we have examined its biochemical properties and expression patterns. the protein has dual positional specificity, as it releases both c-9 and c-13 oxidized products in a 4:3 ratio. oslox1 transcripts were detected at low abundance in immature seeds and newly germinated seedlings, but accumulate rapidly and transiently in response to wounding or brown planthopper (bph) attack, reaching a peak 3 h after wounding and 6 h after ... | 2008 | 18185911 |
| amino acids outside of the loops that define the agonist binding site are important for ligand binding to insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. | nicotinic acetylcholine (ach) receptors (nachrs) are the targets of several kinds of insecticides. based on the mutagenesis studies of torpedo californica nachrs and solved structure of a molluscan, glial-derived soluble ach-binding protein, a model of the agonist site was constructed with contributing amino acids from three distinct loops (a, b, and c) of the alpha subunits and another three loops (d, e, and f) of the non-alpha subunits. according to this model, most insect nachr subunits can f ... | 2008 | 18363827 |
| effects of alpha-mangostin from mangosteen pericarp extract and imidacloprid on nilaparvata lugens (stal.) and non-target organisms: toxicity and detoxification mechanism. | the brown planthopper, nilaparvato lugens stat. (bph) is the most devastating insect pest in rice fields. outbreaks of bph, which are resistant to many synthetic insecticides, can cause total rice crop loss. this research was done to evaluate the efficiency of extracts of mangosteen pericarp (garcina mangostana l.) as an alternative control of bph thailand strain. topical spraying was applied to various stages of nymphal and adult bph to determine toxicity. an ethanol extract of mangosteen peric ... | 2007 | 18399471 |
| selection of global metarhizium isolates for the control of the rice pest nilaparvata lugens (homoptera: delphacidae). | this study was initiated to search for fungal candidates for microbial control of brown planthopper (bph) nilaparvata lugens stål, to which little attention has been paid in the past two decades. | 2008 | 18438960 |
| buprofezin susceptibility survey, resistance selection and preliminary determination of the resistance mechanism in nilaparvata lugens (homoptera: delphacidae). | buprofezin has been used for many years to control nilaparvata lugens (stål). assessment of susceptibility change in the insect is essential for maintaining control efficiency and resistance management. | 2008 | 18506673 |
| a one-step real time rt-pcr assay for quantifying rice stripe virus in rice and in the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus fallen). | rice stripe virus (rsv) is an important pathogen affecting rice production in subtropical and temperate regions. one-step real time rt-pcr methods using the taqman probe are described for quantitative detection of rsv in rice tissues and in laodelphax striatellus fallen, the small brown planthopper (sbph). primers and probe for specific detection of rsv were designed within the conserved region identified within the coat protein (cp) gene sequence. a dna fragment was amplified for mimicking the ... | 2008 | 18586332 |
| fine mapping of the rice bph1 gene, which confers resistance to the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stal), and development of sts markers for marker-assisted selection. | the brown planthopper (bph) is a major insect pest in rice, and damages these plants by sucking phloem-sap and transmitting viral diseases. many bph resistance genes have been identified in indica varieties and wild rice accessions, but none has yet been cloned. in the present study we report fine mapping of the region containing the bph1 locus, which enabled us to perform marker-aided selection (mas). we used 273 f8 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a cross between cheongcheongbyeo, ... | 2008 | 18612237 |
| amino acids within loops d, e and f of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta subunits influence neonicotinoid selectivity. | nicotinic acetylcholine (ach) receptors (nachrs) are ligand-gated ion channels which mediate fast cholinergic synaptic transmission in insect and vertebrate nervous systems. the nachr agonist-binding site is present at the interface of adjacent subunits and is formed by loops a-c present in alpha subunits together with loops d-f present in either non-alpha subunits or homomer-forming alpha subunits. to investigate the mechanism of neonicotinoid selectivity, we have examined the effects of alteri ... | 2008 | 18675908 |
| imidacloprid acts as an antagonist on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor containing the y151m mutation. | nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) are ligand-gated ion channels which mediate fast cholinergic synaptic transmission in insect and vertebrate nervous systems. a point mutation y151s had been identified in nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper) that is associated with target-site resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. methionine (m151) is found in the caenorhabditis elegans alpha subunit acr18 at the corresponding site to y151 in nlalpha1. here, the y151m mutation was introduced into ... | 2008 | 18824080 |
| transgenic rice expressing allium sativum leaf agglutinin (asal) exhibits high-level resistance against major sap-sucking pests. | rice (oryza sativa) productivity is adversely impacted by numerous biotic and abiotic factors. an approximate 52% of the global production of rice is lost annually owing to the damage caused by biotic factors, of which approximately 21% is attributed to the attack of insect pests. in this paper we report the isolation, cloning and characterization of allium sativum leaf agglutinin (asal) gene, and its expression in elite indica rice cultivars using agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation m ... | 2008 | 18854007 |
| heteromeric co-assembly of two insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunits: influence on sensitivity to neonicotinoid insecticides. | neonicotinoid insecticides, such as imidacloprid, are selective agonists of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) and are used extensively in areas of crop protection and animal health to control a variety of insect pest species. here, we describe studies performed with nachr subunits nlalpha1 and nlalpha2 cloned from the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens, a major insect pest of rice crops in many parts of asia. the influence of nlalpha1 and nlalpha2 subunits upon the functional p ... | 2009 | 19046356 |
| significance of the tropical fire ant solenopsis geminata (hymenoptera: formicidae) as part of the natural enemy complex responsible for successful biological control of many tropical irrigated rice pests. | the tropical fire ant solenopsis geminata (fabricius) often nests very abundantly in the earthen banks (bunds) around irrigated rice fields in the tropics. where some farmers habitually drain fields to the mud for about 3-4 days, the ants can quickly spread up to about 20 m into the fields where they collect food, including pest prey such as the eggs and young of the apple snail pomacea caniculata (lamarck) and insects such as lepidopterous larvae and hoppers, notably nilaparvata lugens (stäl) t ... | 2009 | 19203401 |
| inheritance mode and realized heritability of resistance to imidacloprid in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål) (homoptera: delphacidae). | the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål), is a serious pest that causes enormous losses to the rice crop in asia. the genetic basis of imidacloprid resistance was investigated in n. lugens. | 2009 | 19206094 |
| the distribution and identification of brown planthopper resistance genes in rice. | a collection of 515 rice landraces originating from vietnam and china were screened for the reaction to brown planthopper (bph) infestation. most of the resistant landraces were indica types from vietnam and the guangxi province in china. an f(2) mapping population was created from the cross between a bph resistant vietnamese landrace yagyaw and the susceptible cultivar cpslo17. four quantitative trait loci (qtl) contributing to bph resistance were mapped on chromosomes 2, 4, 7 and 9, respective ... | 2009 | 19490167 |
| identification of two lynx proteins in nilaparvata lugens and the modulation on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. | nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) mediate fast cholinergic synaptic transmission in the insect brain and are targets for neonicotinoid insecticides. some proteins, other than nachrs themselves, might play important roles in insect nachrs function in vivo and in vitro, such as the chaperone, regulator and modulator. here we report the identification of two nachr modulators (nl-lynx1 and nl-lynx2) in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. analysis of amino acid sequences of nl-lynx1 a ... | 2009 | 19619141 |
| pharmacological characterization of cis-nitromethylene neonicotinoids in relation to imidacloprid binding sites in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. | neonicotinoid insecticides, such as imidacloprid, are selective agonists of the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) and extensively used in areas of crop protection and animal health to control a variety of insect pest species. here we describe that two cis-nitromethylene neonicotinoids (ippa152002 and ippa152004), recently synthesized in our laboratory, discriminated between the high and low affinity imidacloprid binding sites in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens, a major ... | 2010 | 19849723 |
| role of hydroperoxide lyase in white-backed planthopper (sogatella furcifera horváth)-induced resistance to bacterial blight in rice, oryza sativa l. | a pre-infestation of the white-backed planthopper (wbph), sogatella furcifera horváth, conferred resistance to bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) in rice (oryza sativa l.) under both laboratory and field conditions. the infestation of another planthopper species, the brown planthopper (bph) nilaparvata lugens stål, did not significantly reduce the incidence of bacterial blight symptoms. a large-scale screening using a rice dna microarray and quantitative rt-pcr reveal ... | 2010 | 19891707 |
| interpopulation crosses, inheritance study, and genetic variability in the brown planthopper complex, nilaparvata lugens (homoptera: delphacidae). | studies on hybridization, inheritance, and population genetics of brown planthoppers that infest rice and weeds were undertaken using starch gel electrophoresis to determine whether the weed-infesting population represents a biological race or a species. f(1) and f(2) generations were produced by crosses between parental insects from the two populations with little indication of hybrid sterility. gpi, mdh, and idh loci were inherited in a simple mendelian fashion in families of two sympatric pop ... | 2010 | 19967400 |
| divalent and oxabridged neonicotinoids constructed by dialdehydes and nitromethylene analogues of imidacloprid: design, synthesis, crystal structure, and insecticidal activities. | a series of divalent and oxabridged neonicotinoids were synthesized by reactions of nitromethylene analogues of imidacloprid and dialdehydes, and their structures were confirmed by (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, high-resolution mass spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. the bioassays indicated that some of them were endowed with excellent insecticidal activities against cowpea aphid ( aphis craccivora ), armyworm ( pseudaletia separata walker), and brown planthopper ( nilaparvata lugens ). divalen ... | 2010 | 20000569 |
| novel bifunctional nucleases, ombbd and atbbd1, are involved in abscisic acid-mediated callose deposition in arabidopsis. | screening of the expressed sequence tag library of the wild rice species oryza minuta revealed an unknown gene that was rapidly and strongly induced in response to attack by a rice fungal pathogen (magnaporthe oryzae) and an insect (nilaparvata lugens) and by wounding, abscisic acid (aba), and methyl jasmonate treatments. its recombinant protein was identified as a bifunctional nuclease with both rnase and dnase activities in vitro. this gene was designated ombbd (for o. minuta bifunctional nucl ... | 2010 | 20018603 |
| transinfection of wolbachia in planthoppers: nymphal injection of cultured wolbachia and infection dynamics. | wolbachia species are intracellular symbionts that cause reproductive alterations in arthropods. transinfection experiments have been performed in many arthropod species to elucidate the interaction between wolbachia and a new host. to ease transinfection of this bacterium to new arthropod hosts, we introduced two techniques: nymphal injection instead of embryonic injection and the use of a cultured source of wolbachia instead of direct transfer from donors to recipients. wolbachia in the small ... | 2009 | 20021758 |
| [effects of typhoon 'haitang' airflow field on the northward migration route of rice brown planthopper]. | based on gis, grads, and hysplit-4.8 model, this paper analyzed the daily light-trap catches of rice brown planthopper at 42 pest monitoring stations of 10 provinces in china, the wind field on 850 hpa isobaric surface, and the migration tracks of rice brown planthopper at 20 pest monitoring stations during the occurrence of 0505 typhoon 'haitang' from 19th to 21st july, 2005. after its landing on china, the typhoon 'haitang' changed the southwest air flow, a flow which leads the northward migra ... | 2009 | 20077712 |
| bacterial symbionts of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (homoptera: delphacidae). | the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stål), the most destructive pest of rice, has been identified, including biotypes with high virulence towards previously resistant rice varieties. there have also been many reports of a yeast-like symbiont of n. lugens, but little is known about the bacterial microbes. in this study, we examined the bacterial microbes in n. lugens and identified a total of 18 operational taxonomic units (otus) representing four phyla (proteobacteria, firmicutes, actinoba ... | 2010 | 20097822 |
| biotransformation of thianicotinyl neonicotinoid insecticides: diverse molecular substituents response to metabolism by bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia cgmcc 1.1788. | the carbon atom that neighbors the tertiary amine attached to the 6-chloro-3-pyridinylmethyl moiety is the key active site in the hydroxylation of the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiacloprid as well as in the demethylation of acetamiprid by stenotrophomonas maltophilia cgmcc 1.1788. in this study, thianicotinyl neonicotinoid insecticides having diverse molecular substituents were biotransformed by s. maltophilia cgmcc 1.1788. the results indicated that the substitution of 6-chloropyridyl in ... | 2010 | 20149644 |
| cdna cloning, heterogeneous expression and biochemical characterization of a novel trypsin-like protease from nilaparvata lugens. | a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) strategy was used to clone diverse trypsin-like protease gene transcripts from midguts of the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens stål (homoptera: delphacidae). six individual trypsin-like protease transcripts were identified. on the basis of one nucleotide sequence of the six clones, a full-length cdna sequence (1902 bp) was obtained by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the cdna contained an 1128-bp open reading frame encoding a ... | 2010 | 20355330 |
| insecticidal activity of camptothecin against nilaparvata lugens, brevicoryne brassicae, and chilo suppressalis. | greenhouse tests showed that 0.2% camptothecin emulsifiable concentrate (ec) has strong contact toxicity to three agricultural pests, with lc50 and lc90 values of 0.1-0.6 and 0.4-5.0 mg liter(-1), respectively. the descending order of susceptibility was nilaparvata lugens (ståhl) > brevicoryne brassicae (l.) > chilo suppressalis (walker). field tests showed that the corrected mortality of b. brassicae and n. lugens was 94.6 and 69.1%, respectively, which was not significantly different from that ... | 2010 | 20429466 |
| massively parallel pyrosequencing-based transcriptome analyses of small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus), a vector insect transmitting rice stripe virus (rsv). | the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus) is an important agricultural pest that not only damages rice plants by sap-sucking, but also acts as a vector that transmits rice stripe virus (rsv), which can cause even more serious yield loss. despite being a model organism for studying entomology, population biology, plant protection, molecular interactions among plants, viruses and insects, only a few genomic sequences are available for this species. to investigate its transcriptome and d ... | 2010 | 20462456 |
| in vivo passages of heterologous beauveria bassiana isolates improve conidial surface properties and pathogenicity to nilaparvata lugens (homoptera: delphacidae). | in entomopathogenic hyphomycetes, desired candidates against the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (a sap-sucking rice pest in asia), are lacking. in this study, 21 beauveria bassiana isolates from heterologous host insects showed low pathogenicity to third-instar nymphs sprayed at the high concentration of ∼ 1000 conidia/mm(2), causing only 2-23% mortalities. of those, three isolates killed significantly more nymphs (up to 45-62%) after two in vivo passages but no more after further passage ... | 2010 | 20932842 |
| evaluation of alternative rice planthopper control by the combined action of oil-formulated metarhizium anisopliae and low-rate buprofezin. | high resistance of brown planthopper (bph) nilaparvata lugens stål to common insecticides is a challenge for control of the pest. an alternative control strategy based on the combined application of fungal and chemical agents has been evaluated. | 2010 | 20949549 |
| life-table analysis of the performance of nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera: delphacidae) on two wild rice species. | life tables of the planthopper nilaparvata lugens (stål) (hemiptera: delphacidae) on two wild rice species, oryza officinalis wall, ex watt. and oryza rufipogon griff., and on 'taichung native 1' (o. sativa indica tn1) were studied at 27 degrees c in the laboratory. the raw data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table to take both sexes and the variable developmental rate among individuals and between sexes into consideration. the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate ... | 2010 | 21061962 |
| identification of two species of yeast-like symbiotes in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. | to determine the species of the yeast-like symbionts (yls) in the brown planthoppers (bph), nilaparvata lugens, yls were first isolated and purified by ultracentrifugation from the fat bodies of bph, and then 18s rdna and internal transcribed spacer (its)-5.8s rdna sequences of yls were amplified with the different general primers for fungi. the results showed that the two different 18s and its-5.8s rdna sequences of yls were obtained. one 2291-bp dna sequence, which contained 18s and its-5.8s r ... | 2010 | 21153730 |
| analysis of expressed sequence tags from maize mosaic rhabdovirus-infected gut tissues of peregrinus maidis reveals the presence of key components of insect innate immunity. | the corn planthopper, peregrinus maidis, causes direct feeding damage to plants and transmits maize mosaic rhabdovirus (mmv) in a persistent-propagative manner. mmv must cross several insect tissue layers for successful transmission to occur, and the gut serves as an important barrier for rhabdovirus transmission. in order to facilitate the identification of proteins that may interact with mmv either by facilitating acquisition or responding to virus infection, we generated and analysed the gut ... | 2011 | 21199018 |
| expression of defense genes and activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice resistance to rice stripe virus and small brown planthopper. | the rice variety tai06-1 is resistant to rice stripe disease and xiushui63 is a highly susceptible rice variety to this disease. these two varieties were used to analyze the expression patterns of defense genes and antioxidant defense responses at the seedling stage, upon feeding with viruliferous small brown planthopper (sbph) and nonviruliferous sbph, respectively. the expression levels of cp (coat protein) gene of rice stripe virus (rsv) were higher upon feeding with viruliferous sbph in xius ... | 2011 | 21300551 |
| the bphi008a gene interacts with the ethylene pathway and transcriptionally regulates mapk genes in the response of rice to brown planthopper feeding. | we examined ways in which the brown planthopper induced008a (bphi008a; ay256682) gene of rice (oryza sativa) enhances the plant's resistance to a specialist herbivore, the brown planthopper (bph; nilaparvata lugens). measurement of the expression levels of ethylene synthases and of ethylene emissions showed that bph feeding rapidly initiated the ethylene signaling pathway and up-regulated bphi008a transcript levels after 6 to 96 h of feeding. in contrast, blocking ethylene transduction (using 1- ... | 2011 | 21487048 |
| the mode of action of a nitroconjugated neonicotinoid and the effects of target site mutation y151s on its potency. | neonicotinoid insecticides, such as imidacloprid, are selective agonists of the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) with -no(2) or -cn group in trans-configuration. previously we reported the excellent insecticidal activity of a series of nitroconjugated neonicotinoids with -no(2) or -cn group in cis-configuration by replacing nitromethylene pharmacophore with a nitroconjugated system. to understand the action mode of these nitroconjugated neonicotinoids, a representative member ip ... | 2011 | 21549193 |
| permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 january 2009-30 april 2009. | this article documents the addition of 283 microsatellite marker loci to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: agalinis acuta; ambrosia artemisiifolia; berula erecta; casuarius casuarius; cercospora zeae-maydis; chorthippus parallelus; conyza canadensis; cotesia sesamiae; epinephelus acanthistius; ficedula hypoleuca; grindelia hirsutula; guadua angustifolia; leucadendron rubrum; maritrema novaezealandensis; meretrix meretrix; nilaparvata lugens; ... | 2009 | 21564911 |