| shell thinning and residues of organochlorines and mercury in seabird eggs, eastern canada, 1970-76. | organochlorine and mercury concentrations are reported for 252 eggs of leach's storm-petrel (oceanodroma leucorhoa), double-crested cormorant (phalarocorax auritus), common eider (somateria mollissima), common tern (sterna hirundo), razorbill (alca torda), common murre (uria aalge) black guillemot (cepphus grylle), and atlantic puffin (fratercula arctica) from the bay of fundy, the gulf of st. lawrence, and the open atlantic shore of canada during 1970-76. concentrations of all organochlorines e ... | 1979 | 117427 |
| [isolation of influenza virus with the antigenic formula hav4 nav2 and hav5 nav2 during epizootic infection among sea gulls in the astrakhan district in the summer of 1976]. | virological examinations of nesting colonies of laridae birds in the avandelta of the volga, astrakhan region, during an epizootic in july, 1976, yielded 5 strains of influenza virus: 3 from sterna albifrons, 1 from s. hirundo and 1 from larus genei, identical with a/sterna hirundo/s. africa/61 (hav5 nav2) virus. at the same period two strains were isolated from larus genei showing a previously unknown composition of the surface antigens: hav4 nav2. all the strains were isolated only from cloaca ... | 1978 | 155358 |
| mercury in eggs of aquatic birds, lake st. clair--1973. | eggs from four species of aquatic birds inhabiting waterways of the lake st. clair region were collected in 1973 and analyzed for mercury. species analyzed were mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos), common terns (sterna hirundo), black-crowned night herons (nycticorax nycticorax), and great egrets (casmerodius albus). mallard eggs contained relatively low residue levels, less than 0.05-0.26 ppm, and common tern eggs contained the highest residues, ranging up to 1.31 ppm. mercury levels in the eggs ... | 1976 | 940735 |
| the role of wild birds in the spread of influenza viruses. | eggs deposited by different migrating wild bird species in pond farm areas in hungary were examined for yolk antibodies to different variants of human a/h3n2 influenza virus. antibodies to victoria/75 and texas/77 occurred in 17.9 and 32.0% of gull eggs, and 5.6 and 16.4% of common tern eggs, respectively, while antibodies to a/h1n1/77 occurred in roughly similar proportions (10.2 and 13.4%) in the eggs of both species. infection of the gull and tern populations of given areas by human and avian ... | 1980 | 6258400 |
| avian wildlife reservoir of campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, yersinia spp., and salmonella spp. in norway. | cloacal swabs from 540 wild-living birds were cultured for campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, yersinia spp., and salmonella spp. the carrier rates detected were as follows: c. fetus subsp. jejuni, 28.4%; yersinia spp., 1.2%; and salmonella spp., 0.8%. all birds were apparently healthy when captured. c. fetus subsp. jejuni was isolated from 11 of the 40 bird species examined. among birds inhabiting the city of oslo, the highest isolation rate was found in crows (corvus corone cornix) (89.8%), fol ... | 1983 | 6338824 |
| [properties of hav6neq2 and hswl(h0)hav2 influenza viruses isolated from waterfowl in southern turkmenia]. | three influenza a virus strains were isolated from shorebirds in october, 1977, in southern turkmenia, in the vicinities of tedzhen water reservoir. from a common tern, a/sterna hirundo/turkmenia/45/77 strain was isolated with the antigenic formula hav6neq2, from a teal and a black-headed gull influenza a/anas crecca/turkmenia/4/77 and a/larus ridibundus/turkmenia/13/77 strains with previously unknown combination of surface antigens hswl(h0)nav2 were recovered. by the molecular weight of the hea ... | 1980 | 6448515 |
| researches on pseudophyllidea (carus, 1813) in the south of chile. iv occurrence of diphyllobothrium dendriticum (nitzch). | experimental infections were established with diphyllobothrium sp. plerocercoids obtained from salmo gairdneri, a fish introduced at the beginning of the 1900s in the lake region of chile. these permitted us to obtain adult parasites in larus dominicanus and canis familiaris. the histological features of the plerocercoids, their relation to the host, adult pattern and susceptibility of hosts allowed us to determine the presence of diphyllobothrium dendriticum (nitzch) for the first time in south ... | 1981 | 7276504 |
| in vitro metabolism of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in relation to ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity in liver microsomes of some wildlife species and rat. | a qualitative study was performed of the capacity of hepatic microsomes of several wildlife species to metabolize 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (tcb). hepatic microsomes of species environmentally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs): harbour porpoise (phocoena phocoena), harbour seal (phoca vitulina), common tern (sterna hirundo), and hepatic microsomes from species experimentally exposed to pcbs: eider duck (somateria mollissima), rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), flounder (platichthys f ... | 1994 | 8039554 |
| sensitivity of common tern (sterna hirundo) embryo hepatocytecultures to cyp1a induction and porphyrin accumulation by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and common tern egg extracts. | experiments were conducted to compare the sensitivity ofprimary cultures of common tern (sterna hirundo) and chicken(gallus domesticus) embryo hepatocytes to cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a)induction and porphyrin accumulation after exposure to halogenated aromatichydrocarbons (hahs) or tern egg extracts. the hahs tested were2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p -dioxin (tcdd),2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (tcdf) 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (pcb 77;iupac nomenclature), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb ... | 1997 | 9069186 |
| towards molecular understanding of species differences in dioxin sensitivity: initial characterization of ah receptor cdnas in birds and an amphibian. | 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) and related planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (phahs) are highly toxic to most vertebrate animals, but there are dramatic species differences in sensitivity, both within and among vertebrate classes. for example, studies in cultured avian hepatocytes have revealed differential sensitivity of birds to phahs [kennedy et al. (1996). toxicol. appl. pharmacol., 141, 214-230]. differences in the characteristics or expression of the aryl hydrocarbon rec ... | 2000 | 11460741 |
| [isolation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a/5h5n1 strains from wild birds in the epizootic outbreak on the ubsu-nur lake (june 2006) and their incorporation to the russian federation state collection of viruses (july 3, 2006)]. | virological and molecular genetic studies of the field material collected in the epicenter of epizooty with high mortality rates among the wild birds on the coast of the ubsu-nur lake (republic of tyva, 51 degrees nl, 93 degrees el, june 2006) revealed the etiological role of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1. seven hpai/h5n1 strains were isolated from the tracheal/cloacal swabs of clinically healthy, ill and recently dead great-crested grebes (podiceps cristatus), cormorants (phalac ... | 2006 | 17214076 |
| species differences in the sensitivity of avian embryos to methylmercury. | we injected doses of methylmercury into the air cells of eggs of 26 species of birds and examined the dose-response curves of embryo survival. for 23 species we had adequate data to calculate the median lethal concentration (lc(50)). based on the dose-response curves and lc(50)s, we ranked species according to their sensitivity to injected methylmercury. although the previously published embryotoxic threshold of mercury in game farm mallards (anas platyrhynchos) has been used as a default value ... | 2009 | 18421496 |
| enantiomer-specific accumulation of hexabromocyclododecanes in eggs of predatory birds. | the diastereomeric composition of hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) in eggs of peregrine falcon (falco peregrinus), white-tailed sea eagle (haliaeetus albicilla), guillemot (uria aalge) and common tern (sterna hirundo) as well as the guillemots' main prey, herring (clupea harengus) was determined by reversed-phase chromatography with triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometric detection (lc-ms-ms). alpha-hbcd was the predominant diastereomer in all bird species, while in herring, gamma-hbcd made a su ... | 2008 | 18440589 |
| escherichia coli populations in great lakes waterfowl exhibit spatial stability and temporal shifting. | populations of escherichia coli from juvenile and adult ring-billed gulls, juvenile common terns, and adult canada geese were sampled over 6 years at five locations on lake superior (duluth, mn, and wisconsin) and lake michigan (wisconsin, illinois, and indiana) to determine the extent of spatial and temporal variability in e. coli strains. strain identity was determined using horizontal fluorophore-enhanced repetitive element palindromic dna fingerprinting. multivariate statistics were used to ... | 2009 | 19139226 |
| correlation between an in vitro and an in vivo measure of dioxin sensitivity in birds. | we describe a statistically significant correlation between two well-characterized responses to dioxin-like compounds in birds; induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity in cultured hepatocytes, and embryo mortality. data were obtained from a review of the literature. erod ec50 values for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) and 6 polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were strongly correlated with ld50 values in chicken embryos (r(2) = 0.93, p < 0.005). similarly, erod ec50 va ... | 2010 | 19784771 |
| [the taxonomy of the baku virus (bakv; reoviridae, orbivirus) isolated from the birds obligate parasites argasidae ticks in azerbaijan, turkmenistan, and uzbekistan]. | the baku virus (bakv) was originally isolated from the ticks ornithodoros capensis neumann, 1901 (acari: argasidae) collected from the seagull (larus argentatus) seating nests on the islands of the baku archipelago, the caspian sea. bakv was assigned to kemerovo group (kemv) (orbivirus, reoviridae). the bakv was frequently isolated from the ticks o. coniceps canestrini, 1980, collected from l. argentatus and tern (sterna hirundo) nests in turkmenia and pigeon (columba livia neglecta) nests in uz ... | 2016 | 24772642 |
| differences in mercury contamination and elimination during feather development in gull and tern broods. | eggs, feathers (down, body feathers from side/shoulder and back) and some dead chicks (liver) from broods of three species, herring full (larus argentatus), black-headed gull (larus ridibundus), and common tern (sterna hirundo) from the german north sea coast were collected to study intersibling differences in mercury contamination and elimination into the growing feathers. the mercury contamination in eggs, feathers, and liver of the terns was about four times that of the gulls; black-headed gu ... | 1994 | 8060159 |
| experimental infection of common terns with tern virus: influenza virus a-tern-south africa-1961. | | 1967 | 4289678 |
| the ornithodoros (alectorobius) capensis group (acarina: ixodoidea: argasidae) of the palearctic and oriental regions. o. (a.) maritimus: identity, marine bird hosts, virus infections, and distribution in western europe and northwestern africa. | in 1967, vermeil and marguet described ornithodoros coniceps maritimus from larvae reared from larvae taken from marine birds on dumet island (atlantic ocean), basse bretagne, france. we collected o. (a.) coniceps canestrini, 1890, from the type locality (venice, italy) and determined that the taxons coniceps and maritimus each require full species status. we selected a lectotype and paralectotypes for the taxon maritimus from the original dumet island material. the larva of maritimus is redescr ... | 1976 | 978368 |
| accumulation profiles of persistent organochlorines in waterbirds from an estuary in korea. | persistent organochlorine pollutants (pops), such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), and organochlorine (oc) pesticides such as ddts (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), hchs (hexachlorocyclohexane isomers), chls (chlordane compounds) and hcb (hexachlorobenzene), were measured in subcutaneous fat of resident and migratory birds collected from the nakdong river estuary (nre) in korea. black-tailed gull, a resident b ... | 2001 | 11503073 |
| the biological pathway and effect of pcbs on common terns in lake michigan. | poly-chlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) have been recognized as a significant contaminant in the great lakes ecosystem. although pcbs are implicated in the reduced survival and reproductive success of several piscivorous bird species, the biological pathway in which pcbs bioaccumulate remains largely unknown. this study investigates the two most likely biological pathways, suggested via research on great lakes sport fish, by which pcbs would be acquired by common terns (sterna hirundo), a piscivorous ... | 2010 | 20725777 |
| mercury concentrations in seabird tissues from machias seal island, new brunswick, canada. | mercury is a pervasive environmental contaminant, the anthropogenic portion of which is increasing globally, and in northeastern north america in particular. seabirds frequently are used as indicators of the marine environment, including mercury contamination. we analysed paired samples for total mercury (hg) concentrations in feathers and blood from adult and chick, albumen, and lipid-free yolk of seven seabirds breeding on machias seal island, new brunswick, canada - arctic tern (sterna paradi ... | 2009 | 19419752 |
| outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in europe: the risks associated with wild birds. | the infection of wild birds by highly pathogenic strains of avian influenza (al) virus was virtually unknown--apart from one instance of the disease appearing in common terns in south africa in 1961--before the asian strain of highly pathogenic ai virus (aiv), h5n1, began to expand across the world. outbreaks of clinical disease in eurasia have resulted in visible mortality among populations of free-ranging wild birds in a multitude of species. the circulation pattern of influenza viruses in nat ... | 2009 | 19618620 |
| key amino acids in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor predict dioxin sensitivity in avian species. | dioxin-like compounds are toxic to most vertebrates, but significant differences in sensitivity exist among species. a recent study suggests that the amino acid residues corresponding to ile324 and ser380 in the chicken aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 (ahr1) are important determinants of differential biochemical responses to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) in chickens and common terns. here, we investigate whether the identity of these amino acid residues can predict embryonic sensitivity ... | 2008 | 18939598 |
| [serological monitoring of arbovirus infections in the estuary of the kuban river (the 2006-2007 data)]. | solid-phase enzyme immunoassay, neutralization test, and the hemagglutination-inhibition test were used to study the sera from human beings (152 samples), agricultural animals (n = 77), hares (n = 3), and wild birds (n = 69), collected in 2006-2007 in the kuban river estuary (temryuk district, krasnodar territory). there were specific antibodies against viruses of west nile (wh), tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) (flaviviridae, flavivirus), sindbis (togaviridae, alphavirus), the antigenic complex of ... | 2008 | 18756814 |
| the molecular basis for differential dioxin sensitivity in birds: role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. | 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (hahs) are highly toxic to most vertebrate animals, but there are dramatic differences in sensitivity among species and strains. aquatic birds including the common tern (sterna hirundo) are highly exposed to hahs in the environment, but are up to 250-fold less sensitive to these compounds than the typical avian model, the domestic chicken (gallus gallus). the mechanism of hah toxicity involves altered gene e ... | 2006 | 16606854 |
| congener-specific patterns and toxic assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls in resident and migratory birds from southern india and lake baikal in russia. | concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), including non-, mono-, and di-ortho congeners, were determined in migratory and resident birds collected from india and lake baikal in russia. in the 11 different species examined, total pcbs concentrations were in the range of 11-4500 ng/g (wet wt). iupac 105, 118, 138, 153, and 180 were the predominant congeners in almost all the birds. white-cheeked tern collected from india and common tern collected from lake baikal showed high pcbs concent ... | 2003 | 14708671 |
| seabirds as indicators of changes in marine ecosystems: ecological monitoring on machias seal island. | changes in marine ecosystems can be manifested in many different ways, on different temporal and spatial scales. seabirds are top consumers in marine foodwebs and offer opportunities to detect and assess the biological effects of changes in physical parameters (sea-surface temperature [sst], salinity, depth of thermocline etc.) of the marine ecosystem. we compare six-eight years' of data on the biology (diet, and breeding success) of four species of seabird (arctic tern sterna paradisaea and com ... | 2003 | 14570414 |
| serum immunoglobulin g levels in very old common terns sterna hirundo. | the evolutionary theory of aging predicts that self-maintenance functions, such as immunity, will be selectively maintained in old age when extrinsic sources of mortality are low relative to intrinsic sources. long-lived seabirds may provide an animal model for testing this prediction. we measured serum immunoglobulin g (igg) levels across the lifespan, especially the oldest individuals, of a wild breeding population of the common tern (sterna hirundo) in 1999 and 2002. our analysis indicated th ... | 2003 | 12855284 |
| reproductive aging in female birds. | birds are underutilized as animal models for studying the basis of longevity, cellular adaptations for resisting oxidative damage, and delayed reproductive senescence. reproductive aging patterns in female birds range from slightly slower than those in rodents of similar size to extremely slow or even negligible. the best-studied laboratory bird model of female reproductive aging is the relatively short-lived, rapidly aging domestic laying hen. promising long-lived avian models for the prolongat ... | 2003 | 12855282 |
| coastal waterbirds of el chorro and majahuas, jalisco, méxico, during the non-breeding season, 1995-1996. | we studied how waterbirds used two small estuaries during the non-breeding season of 1995-1996. these estuaries, el chorro and majahuas, were located in the middle of a large span of non-wetland habitat along the pacific coast of méxico. whereas el chorro was basically a large and open waterbody, majahuas was a long and narrow corridor flanked by mangroves. the two estuaries had 77 species throughout our study, but shared only 58, due to differences in their habitat. seabirds comprised 66% of al ... | 2001 | 11795166 |
| profile: integrated management to create new breeding habitat for dalmatian pelicans (pelecanus crispus) in greece | / an integrated management plan to create favorable nesting habitat for the world-endangered dalmatian pelicans, was tested at kerkini irrigation reservoir, a ramsar wetland. the lake is the major wintering site of dalmatian pelicans in europe, where the species lives year-round without breeding. the rise of water level at the reservoir during spring (exceeding 5 m) has an impact on the whole system, including several birds, which lose their nesting habitat. although the integrity of the wetland ... | 1997 | 9236282 |
| residues of chlorinated pesticides in the eggs of karelian birds, 1989-90. | eggs (n = 52) of four aquatic bird species (larus canus, larus argentatus, larus ridibundus, sterna hirundo) and crow (corvus cornix), collected in southern karelia in 1989 and 1990, contained dde and lindane. the highest mean levels of these pollutants were in herring gull eggs and in common tern eggs. the lowest mean levels of pesticides were in crow eggs. in all eggs, dde concentrations were lower than the critical threshold and it seems, cannot influence reproductive success. | 1995 | 15091609 |
| tracing waterbird exposure to total mercury and selenium: a case study at the solar saltworks of thyna (sfax, tunisia). | saltworks have emerged as important alternative/complementary feeding habitats for avifauna. however, the consequences of such habitat shifts in terms of changes in exposure to contaminants are poorly understood. we evaluated the exposure of the waterbird community breeding at the saltworks of thyna (tunisia) to total hg (thg) and se according to their differential use of saltworks dietary resources, as revealed by δ¹³c and δ¹⁵n values in their eggs (included species [n] -sorted according to inc ... | 2011 | 21663312 |
| mercury concentrations in common tern sterna hirundo and slender-billed gull larus genei from the shadegan marshes of iran, in north-western corner of the persian gulf. | we examined mercury levels in several tissues of common terns and slender-billed gulls collected from shadegan marshes of south-western iran. in both species, total mercury content was highest in feathers followed by liver, kidney and muscle tissue. we found a significant correlation between mercury concentrations in kidney and breast feather (r=0.83, p<0.05), breast feather and liver (r=0.81, p<0.05) as well as liver and kidney (r=0.83, p<0.05). the contaminant levels in the feathers (11.53 and ... | 2014 | 24819088 |
| [the systematic position of mites of the genus larinyssus strandtmann (gamasoidea, rhinonyssidae), parasitizing gulls]. | a study was carried out of the variability of mited colledted from 6 species of birds as follows: larus argentatus pontopp., l. minutus pall., gelochelidon nilotica gm., chlidonias leucoptera (temm.), ch. nigra (l.) and sterna hirundo l. structural peculiarities characteristic of the parasites of the above species have been revealed. the mites from st. hirundo were isolated into a distinct species, larinyssus substerna sp. n., which is most close to l. sterna fain, 1972. the new species differs ... | 2007 | 1143929 |
| flight muscle enzyme activities do not differ between pelagic and near-shore foraging seabird species. | common terns (sterna hirundo), sooty terns (s. fuscata) and brown noddies (anous stolidus) are phylogenetically related seabirds that differ in field activity levels and daily energy expenditure. to test whether muscle metabolic capacities co-evolve with activity levels and energy expenditure, we collected pectoral muscle biopsies from members of each species, and measured the activities of key enzymes in oxidative metabolism (citrate synthase, cs), anaerobic metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase, l ... | 2005 | 15664312 |
| the value of chick feathers to assess spatial and interspecific variation in the mercury contamination of seabirds. | in 1991 we compared eggs, down and body feathers of chicks of common terns, herring gulls and black-headed gulls in their utility to assess contamination with mercury. like eggs feathers distinctly show interspecific and intersite differences in contamination. highest levels were found in common terns, lowest in black-headed gulls. chicks hatched at the elbe had much higher mercury levels than those in other areas of the german north sea coast. conversion ratios between tissues have to be used w ... | 1993 | 24221187 |
| tissue distribution of lead in young common terns: influence of time since exposure. | newly hatched common tern (sterna hirundo) chicks were injected at 2 days of age with 0.2 mg/g of lead, and subsets were examined at 1, 2, 3, and 20 days postexposure. control birds (water injection) had low levels (less than 2 ppb) of lead in liver, kidney, muscle, and brain. lead-dosed chicks 2 days postexposure had liver and kidney residues greater than 1000 ppb (dry weight), and 3-day postexposure chicks showed substantially higher levels. by day 20 the lead levels had declined by about half ... | 2006 | 2583072 |
| constraints on nest site selection: a comparison of predator and flood avoidance in four species of marsh-nesting birds (genera: catoptrophorus, larus, rallus, and sterna). | nest site characteristics associated with flood and predator avoidance were compared for four nonpasserine species of marsh-nesting birds: clapper rails, willets, laughing gulls, and common terns. species with short nests, willets and terns, minimized flood damage by nesting on higher ground than did gulls and rails that build tall nests. species with dispersed, cryptic nests had taller surrounding grass than did open-nesting colonial species. total nest height was similar for species with tall ... | 2012 | 3365941 |
| sensitivity of avian species to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand 6-formylindolo [3,2-b] carbazole (ficz). | avian species differ in sensitivity to the toxic effects of dioxin-like compounds (dlcs) and recent reports have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying this variability. the sensitivity of avian species to dlcs is associated with the identity of amino acids at positions 324 and 380 within the ligand-binding domain (lbd) of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 (ahr1). 6-formylindolo [3,2-b] carbazole (ficz), a naturally produced photo-oxidation product of tryptophan, is a highly pot ... | 2014 | 25093689 |
| large-scale spatial pollution patterns around the north sea indicated by coastal bird eggs within an ecoqo programme. | to categorize the marine environmental health status, the oslo and paris commissions have recently formulated ecological quality objectives (ecoqos) for many ecological features including the contamination of coastal bird eggs with mercury and organochlorines. in this study, we describe spatial and temporal patterns of egg contamination around the north sea and compared them to the ecoqos. concentrations of mercury, polychlorinated biphenyl (σpcb) congeners, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (σddt ... | 2012 | 22864753 |
| seasonal variation of persistent organochlorine accumulation in birds from lake baikal, russia, and the role of the south asian region as a source of pollution for wintering migrants. | concentrations of persistent organochlorines (ocs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), ddt and its metabolites (ddts), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (hchs), and chlordane compounds (chls) were determined in whole body soft tissue homogenates and in muscles of resident and migratory birds collected from lake baikal, russia. the residue pattern in both resident and migratory birds was in the following order: pcbs > ddts > hchs > chls. oc concentrations in migratory birds varied, depending on ... | 2002 | 11999042 |
| sequence and in vitro function of chicken, ring-necked pheasant, and japanese quail ahr1 predict in vivo sensitivity to dioxins. | there are large differences in sensitivity to the toxic and biochemical effects of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (dlcs) among vertebrates. previously, we demonstrated that the difference in sensitivity between domestic chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) and common tern (sterna hirundo) to aryl hydrocarbon receptor 1 (ahr1)-dependent changes in gene expression following exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) is based upon the identities of the amino acids at two sites within t ... | 2012 | 22296185 |
| organochlorine chemical residues in herring gulls, ring-billed gulls, and common terns of western lake superior. | | 1986 | 3729548 |
| retrospective analysis of mercury content in feathers of birds collected from the state of michigan (1895-2007). | museum specimens were used to analyze temporal trends in feather mercury (hg) concentrations in birds collected from the state of michigan between the years 1895 and 2007. hg was measured in flank and secondary feathers from three species of birds that breed in the great lakes region; common terns (n = 32), great blue herons (n = 35), and herring gulls (n = 35). more than 90% of the hg in feathers should be organic, but some of the heron and gull feathers collected prior to 1936 showed evidence ... | 2011 | 21755350 |
| organochlorine contaminants in eggs of common terns from the canadian great lakes, 1981. | to determine if contaminant levels in common terns had changed over the last decade, we collected and analyzed eggs from four nesting colonies on the three lower great lakes during 1981. dde and pcbs were detected in every egg from the four colonies. dieldrin, mirex and trans-nonachlor were detected in more than 45% of the eggs. seven other organochlorine contaminants (ddd, ddt, hexachlorobenzene, oxychlordane, cis-chlordane, cis-nonachlor and toxaphene) were detected in less than 25% of the egg ... | 1989 | 15092410 |
| genetic identification for prey birds of the endangered peregrine falcon (falco peregrinus). | to reveal the dietary ecology of the peregrine falcon (falco peregrinus), we conducted a molecular analysis for mitochondrial genes (coi and cytb) to identify the prey species collected from a feeding place found on sasu island, south korea. the results from noninvasive genetic analysis showed that the sequences obtained came from nine species of birds (cuculus canorus, eurystomus orientalis, limosa limosa, microscelis amaurotis, oriolus chinensis, phasianus colchicus, sterna hirundo, streptopel ... | 2017 | 28071972 |
| estimating migratory connectivity of birds when re-encounter probabilities are heterogeneous. | understanding the biology and conducting effective conservation of migratory species requires an understanding of migratory connectivity - the geographic linkages of populations between stages of the annual cycle. unfortunately, for most species, we are lacking such information. the north american bird banding laboratory (bbl) houses an extensive database of marking, recaptures and recoveries, and such data could provide migratory connectivity information for many species. to date, however, few ... | 2014 | 24967083 |
| food chain differences affect heavy metals in bird eggs in barnegat bay, new jersey. | there is an abundance of field data on levels of mercury in a wide variety of birds and on a suite of heavy metals in single species of birds, but few studies examine a suite of metals in a suite of birds that represent different trophic levels. thus it is often difficult to determine whether food chain differences exist and have ecological relevance for the birds. in this paper i examine the levels of seven metals in the eggs of five species of marine birds that nest in barnegat bay, new jersey ... | 2002 | 12359188 |
| high within-individual variation in total mercury concentration in seabird feathers. | to our knowledge, no rigorous assessment of the variation in mercury concentrations within individual seabirds has been made using multiple body feathers. we analyzed five feathers from individual arctic terns (sterna paradisaea pontoppidan), common terns (sterna hirundo l.), and leach's storm-petrels (oceanodroma leucorhoa veillot) and found levels of within-individual variability higher than population or time-series variation. using a randomization procedure, we found a large range of possibl ... | 2008 | 18522455 |
| recent bayesian stable-isotope mixing models are highly sensitive to variation in discrimination factors. | stable isotopes are now used widely in ecological studies, including diet reconstruction, where quantitative inferences about diet composition are derived from the use of mixing models. recent bayesian models (mixsir, siar) allow users to incorporate variability in discrimination factors (delta13c or delta15n), or the amount of change in either delta13c or delta15n between prey and consumer, but to date there has been no systematic assessment of the effect of variation in delta13c or delta15n on ... | 2011 | 21774408 |
| mercury trends in colonial waterbird eggs downstream of the oil sands region of alberta, canada. | mercury levels were measured in colonial waterbird eggs collected from two sites in northern alberta and one site in southern alberta, canada. northern sites in the peace-athabasca delta and lake athabasca were located in receiving waters of the athabasca river which drains the oil sands industrial region north of fort mcmurray, alberta. temporal trends in egg mercury (hg) levels were assessed as were egg stable nitrogen isotope values as an indicator of dietary change. in northern alberta, cali ... | 2013 | 24070029 |
| ossification sequence of the common tern (sterna hirundo) and its implications for the interrelationships of the lari (aves, charadriiformes). | the hypotheses of relationships within lari (gulls) are highly unstable, and depend on whether morphological or molecular data are examined. developmental sequence data are thought to contain phylogenetic information, but have never been applied to the problem of avian systematics. in this article, we describe the ossification sequence of the common tern (sterna hirundo), and compare the pattern observed to published descriptions of other charadriiformes, specifically the great skua (stercorarii ... | 2008 | 18570230 |
| integrating monitoring and genetic methods to infer historical risks of pcbs and dde to common and roseate terns nesting near the new bedford harbor superfund site (massachusetts, usa). | common and roseate terns are migratory piscivorous seabirds with major breeding colonies within feeding range of the polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-contaminated new bedford harbor (nbh, ma, usa) superfund site. our longitudinal study shows that before pcb discharges into nbh ceased (late 1970s), tern eggs had very high but variable pcb concentrations. however, egg concentrations of pcbs as well as dde (1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene), the degradation product of the ubiquitous global ... | 2016 | 27564328 |
| variation in population synchrony in a multi-species seabird community: response to changes in predator abundance. | ecologically similar sympatric species, subject to typical environmental conditions, may be expected to exhibit synchronous temporal fluctuations in demographic parameters, while populations of dissimilar species might be expected to show less synchrony. previous studies have tested for synchrony in different populations of single species, and those including data from more than one species have compared fluctuations in only one demographic parameter. we tested for synchrony in inter-annual chan ... | 2015 | 26115174 |
| gonadal feminization and halogenated environmental contaminants in common terns (sterna hirundo): evidence that ovotestes in male embryos do not persist to the prefledgling stage. | common terns (sterna hirundo) and roseate terns (sterna dougallii) breed on bird island, massachusetts, usa, near a superfund site highly contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). observations of skewed sex ratios and female-female pairings among endangered roseate terns (nisbet and hatch (1999) ibis 141, 307) suggested the possibility of contaminant-related endocrine disruption in these birds and prompted investigation of common terns as a surrogate species. in 1993 and 1994, 60-90% o ... | 2013 | 12739862 |
| great lakes embryo mortality, edema, and deformities syndrome (glemeds) in colonial fish-eating birds: similarity to chick-edema disease. | several species of colonial fish-eating birds nesting in the great lakes basin, including herring gulls, common terns and double-crested cormorants, have exhibited chronic impairment of reproduction. in addition to eggshell thinning caused by high levels of ddt and metabolites, the reproductive impairment is characterized by high embryonic and chick mortality, edema, growth retardation, and deformities, hence the name great lakes embryo mortality, edema, and deformities syndrome (glemeds). the h ... | 1991 | 1875430 |
| intraspecific variation in egg size and egg composition in birds: effects on offspring fitness. | 1. there is little unequivocal evidence to date in support of a positive relationship between egg size and offspring fitness in birds. although 40 studies (of 34 species) have considered the effect of variation in egg size on chick growth and/or survival up to fledgling only 12 studies have controlled for other characters potentially correlated both with egg size and offspring fitness. of these only two have reported a significant residual effect of egg size on chick growth (in the roseate tern ... | 1994 | 8193216 |
| metal levels in regrown feathers: assessment of contamination on the wintering and breeding grounds in the same individuals. | birds are useful indicators of environmental contamination because they are relatively large, conspicuous, top predators in food chains. however, concentrations of contaminants in a bird's tissues reflect the bird's exposure over wide temporal and spatial scales. birds are most useful as monitors of exposure when these scales are known. in this paper we report concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury, and selenium in breast feathers of common terns (sterna hirundo) and roseate terns (s. dougalli ... | 1992 | 1433376 |
| telomere attrition and growth: a life-history framework and case study in common terns. | the relationship between growth and age-specific telomere length, as a proxy of somatic state, is increasingly investigated, but observed patterns vary and a predictive framework is lacking. we outline expectations based on the assumption that telomere maintenance is costly and argue that individual heterogeneity in resource acquisition is predicted to lead to positive covariance between growth and telomere length. however, canalization of resource allocation to the trait with a larger effect on ... | 2017 | 28524249 |
| plasticity results in delayed breeding in a long-distant migrant seabird. | a major question for conservationists and evolutionary biologists is whether natural populations can adapt to rapid environmental change through micro-evolution or phenotypic plasticity. making use of 17 years of data from a colony of a long-distant migratory seabird, the common tern (sterna hirundo), we examined phenotypic plasticity and the evolutionary potential of breeding phenology, a key reproductive trait. we found that laying date was strongly heritable (0.27 ± 0.09) and under significan ... | 2017 | 28480009 |
| intraspecific variation in and environment-dependent resource allocation to embryonic development time in common terns. | embryonic development time is thought to impact life histories through trade-offs against life-history traits later in life, yet the inference is based on interspecific comparative analyses only. it is largely unclear whether intraspecific variation in embryonic development time that is not caused by environmental differences occurs, which would be required to detect life-history trade-offs. here we performed a classical common-garden experiment by incubating fresh eggs of free-living common ter ... | 2017 | 28402235 |
| presence of persistent organic pollutants in a breeding common tern (sterna hirundo) population in ireland. | persistent organic pollutants (pops) are chemical compounds of environmental concern due to their toxic, persistent nature and their ability to bio-accumulate in biological tissue. seabirds, for often being at the top of the food web, have been used as monitors of environmental pollutants. adverse effects caused by pops have been reported in common terns (sterna hirundo) since the 1970s. egg shell thinning, embryo and hatchling deformities have been reported for this species. environmental legis ... | 2017 | 28382443 |
| a markov model for planning and permitting offshore wind energy: a case study of radio-tracked terns in the gulf of maine, usa. | quantifying and managing the potential adverse wildlife impacts of offshore wind energy is critical for developing offshore wind energy in a sustainable and timely manner, but poses a significant challenge, particularly for small marine birds that are difficult to monitor. we developed a discrete-time markov model of seabird movement around a colony site parameterized by automated radio telemetry data from common terns (sterna hirundo) and arctic terns (s. paradisaea), and derived impact functio ... | 2017 | 28258775 |
| early mortality saves energy: estimating the energetic cost of excess offspring in a seabird. | offspring are often produced in excess as insurance against stochastic events or unpredictable resources. this strategy may result in high early-life mortality, yet age-specific mortality before offspring independence and its associated costs have rarely been quantified. in this study, we modelled age-specific survival from hatching to fledging using 24 years of data on hatching order (ho), growth and age of mortality of more than 15 000 common tern (sterna hirundo) chicks. we found that mortali ... | 2017 | 28202814 |
| better the devil you know: common terns stay with a previous partner although pair bond duration does not affect breeding output. | in a monogamous species two partners contribute to the breeding process. we study pair formation as well as the effect of pair bond length and age on breeding performance, incorporating individual heterogeneity, based on a high-quality dataset of a long-lived seabird, the common tern (sterna hirundo). to handle missing information and model the complicated processes driving reproduction, we use a hierarchical bayesian model of the steps that lead to the number of fledglings, including processes ... | 2017 | 28053057 |
| premature feather loss among common tern chicks in ontario: the return of an enigmatic developmental anomaly. | in july 2014, we observed premature feather loss (pfl) among non-sibling, common tern sterna hirundo chicks between two and four weeks of age at gull island in northern lake ontario, canada. rarely observed in wild birds, to our knowledge pfl has not been recorded in terns since 1974, despite the subsequent banding of hundreds of thousands of tern chicks across north america alone. the prevalence, 5% of chicks (9/167), and extent of feather loss we report is more extreme than in previous reports ... | 2016 | 27231646 |
| effects of lead on birds (laridae): a review of laboratory and field studies. | lead is one of the most common metals in contaminated ecosystems. although lead poisoning and mortality have long been known, little is known of the behavioral effects produced by low levels of lead in wild animals. herein a 15-yr research program on the behavioral effects of lead using herring gulls (larus argentatus) and common terns (sterna hirundo), referred to as larids, as models is reviewed. the doses used in laboratory studies were sufficient to produce lead concentrations in feathers th ... | 2007 | 10834076 |
| first report of galactosomum ussuriense oshmarin, 1963 (trematoda: heterophyidae) from the shore birds of visakhapatnam, india. | adult trematodes identified as galactosomum ussuriense oshmarin, 1963 were recorded from the intestine of sterna hirundo and larus brunnicephalus from visakhapatnam, india. the occurrence of metacercaria of this species in inshore and offshore fishes is discussed in relation to the ecology of the snail intermediate host. | 1988 | 3192915 |
| the immune response of the definitive hosts to diphyllobothriid antigens. | it was established that antigens of diphyllobothriids entered the organisms of nestlings of gulls (larus fuscus) and terns (sterna hirundo) through the intestine. in terns, the most intensive neutralization of parasite antigens was found in the intestine inducing a weak response of the immune system. in gulls, there was no complete neutralization of the parasite antigens in the intestines. the antigens penetrated into the blood stimulating a response of the immune system. the intensity of the lo ... | 1990 | 2337252 |
| comparative embryotoxicity of a pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture to common terns (sterna hirundo) and american kestrels (falco sparverius). | concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in forster's tern (sterna forsteri) eggs from san francisco bay have been reported to range up to 63μgg(-1) lipid weight. this value exceeds the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (1.8μgg(-1) egg wet weight; ∼32μg(-1) lipid weight) reported in an embryotoxicity study with american kestrels (falco sparverius). as a surrogate for forster's terns, common tern (sterna hirundo) eggs were treated by air cell injection with corn oil vehicle (co ... | 2013 | 23769465 |
| male-biased sex allocation in ageing parents; a longitudinal study in a long-lived seabird. | optimal sex allocation is frequency-dependent, but senescence may cause behaviour at old age to be suboptimal. we investigated whether sex allocation changes with parental age, using 16 years of data comprising more than 2500 molecularly sexed offspring of more than 600 known-age parents in common terns (sterna hirundo), slightly sexually size-dimorphic seabirds. we decomposed parental age effects into within-individual change and sex allocation-associated selective (dis)appearance. individual p ... | 2016 | 27484643 |
| energetic constraint of non-monotonic mass change during offspring growth: a general hypothesis and application of a new tool. | post-natal growth is an important life-history trait and can be a sensitive indicator of ecological stress. for over 50 years, monotonic (never-decreasing) growth has been viewed as the predominant trajectory of post-natal mass change in most animal species, notably among birds. however, prevailing analytical approaches and energetic constraints may limit detection of non-monotonic (or multiphasic), determinate growth patterns, such as mass recession in birds (weight loss prior to fledging, prec ... | 2016 | 26542748 |
| contrasting between- and within-individual trait effects on mortality risk in a long-lived seabird. | individual life span is the most important determinant of lifetime reproductive success and fitness across taxa. identifying the relationships between life-history traits and survival therefore is fundamental to understanding the evolution of a species' traits. especially important in this respect is to separate the contributions of between- and within-individual trait effects, because only such an approach can identify markers of individual quality and expose within-individual processes such as ... | 2015 | 26236892 |
| sex-specific pathways of parental age effects on offspring lifetime reproductive success in a long-lived seabird. | the conditions under which individuals are reared vary and sensitivity of offspring to such variation is often sex-dependent. parental age is one important natal condition with consequences for aspects of offspring fitness, but reports are mostly limited to short-term fitness consequences and do not take into account offspring sex. here we used individual-based data from a large colony of a long-lived seabird, the common tern sterna hirundo, to investigate longitudinal long-term fitness conseque ... | 2015 | 26095174 |
| population census of a large common tern colony with a small unmanned aircraft. | small unmanned aircraft systems (uas) may be useful for conducting high-precision, low-disturbance waterbird surveys, but limited data exist on their effectiveness. we evaluated the capacity of a small uas to census a large (>6,000 nests) coastal common tern (sterna hirundo) colony of which ground surveys are particularly disruptive and time-consuming. we compared aerial photographic tern counts to ground nest counts in 45 plots (5-m radius) throughout the colony at three intervals over a nine-d ... | 2015 | 25874997 |
| survival and local recruitment are driven by environmental carry-over effects from the wintering area in a migratory seabird. | we estimated annual apparent survival rates, as well as local recruitment rates in different age groups and for different breeding status in the common tern sterna hirundo using mark-recapture analysis on a long-term individual-based dataset from a breeding colony in germany. strong inter-annual variability in survival rates became apparent, especially in prospectors. local recruitment also varied strongly between years and age groups. to explain these fluctuations, we linked survival and recrui ... | 2015 | 25864177 |
| age-dependent trait variation: the relative contribution of within-individual change, selective appearance and disappearance in a long-lived seabird. | within populations, the expression of phenotypic traits typically varies with age. such age-dependent trait variation can be caused by within-individual change (improvement, senescence, terminal effects) and/or selective (dis)appearance of certain phenotypes among older age classes. in this study, we applied two methods (decomposition and mixed modelling) to attribute age-dependent variation in seven phenological and reproductive traits to within-individual change and selective (dis)appearance, ... | 2015 | 25399484 |
| are morphometrics sufficient for estimating age of pre-fledging birds in the field? a test using common terns (sterna hirundo). | age is a key component of fitness, affecting survival and reproductive capacities. where it is not possible to study known individuals from birth, morphometrics (predominantly patterns of plumage development for birds) are most often used to estimate age. although criteria for age estimations exist for many species, the degree to which these criteria improve the precision of estimates remains to be tested, restricting their widespread acceptance. we develop a photographic tool for estimating age ... | 2014 | 25375105 |
| tracing organophosphorus and brominated flame retardants and plasticizers in an estuarine food web. | nine organophosphorus flame retardants (pfrs) were detected in a pelagic and benthic food web of the western scheldt estuary, the netherlands. concentrations of several pfrs were an order of magnitude higher than those of the brominated flame retardants (bfrs). however, the detection frequency of the pfrs (6-56%) was lower than that of the bfrs (50-97%). tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (tboep), tris(isobutyl) phosphate (tibp) and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (tcipp) were the dominant pfrs in ... | 2015 | 25306092 |
| predicting reproductive success from hormone concentrations in the common tern (sterna hirundo) while considering food abundance. | in birds, reproductive success is mainly a function of skill or environmental conditions, but it can also be linked to hormone concentrations due to their effect on behavior and individual decisions made during reproduction. for example, a high prolactin concentration is required to express parental behaviors such as incubation or guarding and feeding the young. corticosterone level, on the other hand, is related to energy allocation or stress and foraging or provisioning effort. in this study, ... | 2014 | 25168005 |
| fitness prospects: effects of age, sex and recruitment age on reproductive value in a long-lived seabird. | reproductive value is an integrated measure of survival and reproduction fundamental to understanding life-history evolution and population dynamics, but little is known about intraspecific variation in reproductive value and factors explaining such variation, if any. by applying generalized additive mixed models to longitudinal individual-based data of the common tern sterna hirundo, we estimated age-specific annual survival probability, breeding probability and reproductive performance, based ... | 2015 | 24930719 |
| response of testosterone and corticosterone plasma levels to the challenge of sibling competition: a study in common terns. | the hormonal response to social challenges has been widely studied, however, most work focused on adult behavior in a reproductive context although developing animals also encounter important social challenges early in life. we studied the relationship between acute sibling competition and plasma corticosterone (cort) and testosterone (t) in common tern (sterna hirundo) chicks, a species whose young compete for access to food by scramble interactions. blood samples were taken in nests with two a ... | 2014 | 24859255 |
| regulation of breeding behavior: do energy-demanding periods induce a change in prolactin or corticosterone baseline levels in the common tern (sterna hirundo)? | hormones are involved in reproductive decisions, linking environmental cues and body condition and adapting behavior. mass loss is often accompanied by decreased prolactin and increased corticosterone concentrations, influencing incubation and brooding behavior and ultimately triggering nest desertion. using blood-sucking bugs (dipetalogaster maxima), we measured baseline prolactin, corticosterone, and ketone body values in incubating common terns (sterna hirundo) between 2006 and 2009 during en ... | 2014 | 24769706 |
| immigrants are attracted by local pre-breeders and recruits in a seabird colony. | immigration is a major demographic factor shaping population dynamics. however, due to methodological difficulties, the extent of immigration and factors affecting immigration are insufficiently studied. this is also true for seabird colonies. we estimated annual immigration based on a long-term study of a colony of common terns sterna hirundo marked with transponders, using a bayesian integrated population model that links colony size and productivity with individual life histories. strong annu ... | 2014 | 24460741 |
| within the genome, long telomeres are more informative than short telomeres with respect to fitness components in a long-lived seabird. | telomeres, dna-protein structures at chromosome ends, shorten with age, and telomere length has been linked to age-related diseases and survival. in vitro studies revealed that the shortest telomeres trigger cell senescence, but whether the shortest telomeres are also the best biomarker of ageing is not known. we measured telomeres in erythrocytes of wild common terns sterna hirundo using terminal restriction fragment analysis. this yields a distribution of telomere lengths for each sample, and ... | 2014 | 24274429 |
| mothers under stress? hatching sex ratio in relation to maternal baseline corticosterone in the common tern (sterna hirundo). | sex ratio of progeny should be balanced if costs and benefits of rearing sons and daughters are equal. however, shifts in sex ratio have been demonstrated across bird species and it was suggested that females are able to adjust the primary sex ratio. one possible mechanism is the glucocorticoid corticosterone which rises under stressful conditions and can be deposited into egg yolk by mothers. we analysed primary sex ratio of common terns sterna hirundo from 2006 to 2008 and related it to matern ... | 2013 | 23918311 |
| mercury and selenium levels in eggs of common terns (sterna hirundo) from two breeding colonies in the ebro delta, spain. | | 2003 | 12478426 |
| telomere length reflects phenotypic quality and costs of reproduction in a long-lived seabird. | telomere length is associated with cellular senescence, lifestyle and ageing. short telomeres indicate poor health in humans and reduced life expectancy in several bird species, but little is known about telomeres in relation to phenotypic quality in wild animals. we investigated telomere lengths in erythrocytes of known-age common terns (sterna hirundo), a migratory seabird, in relation to arrival date and reproductive performance. cross-sectional data revealed that, independent of age, individ ... | 2013 | 23222450 |
| is the additional effort of renesting linked to a hormonal change in the common tern? | the production of and care for a replacement clutch can bear costs in terms of future reproduction or survival. however, renesting is quite common among seabirds and can contribute considerably to individual fitness. prolactin and corticosterone are two hormones involved in the mediation of breeding behavior and, as they are linked to body condition or effort, it is of interest if these hormone values change during a second demanding breeding phase within a year. we compared baseline prolactin a ... | 2013 | 23064552 |
| why do experienced birds reproduce better? possible endocrine mechanisms in a long-lived seabird, the common tern. | the influence of age or breeding experience on reproductive success in vertebrates is well known but physiological mechanisms came into focus just recently. assessing hormone levels could allow insights into these mechanisms and reproductive strategies in long-lived species. prolactin and corticosterone are two hormones involved in breeding decisions: high prolactin values are necessary for expressing breeding behavior whereas corticosterone is related to activity or stress. we analyzed baseline ... | 2012 | 22750538 |
| body condition, hormonal correlates and consequences for survival in common tern chicks. | although sibling competition in avian species has been extensively studied, the proximate mechanisms remain largely unknown. recent research proposed that steroid hormones, in particular testosterone (t) and corticosterone (cort), might play a role either in promoting competitive behavioral displays or in response to chronic nutritional stress accompanied by a sustained competitive situation. here, we examine body condition, endogenous t levels and fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fgm) as non-i ... | 2011 | 21735224 |
| telomere length reflects reproductive effort indicated by corticosterone levels in a long-lived seabird. | telomere length (tl) is a candidate biomarker of ageing and phenotypic quality, but little is known of the (physiological) causes of tl variation. we previously showed that individual common terns sterna hirundo with high reproductive success had short telomeres independent of age, and this pattern was particularly strong in the longer telomeres of the within-individual tl distribution. to test whether this relation can be attributed to effects of reproductive effort, we investigated baseline co ... | 2016 | 27696588 |
| ecology of tern flight in relation to wind, topography and aerodynamic theory. | flight is an economical mode of locomotion, because it is both fast and relatively cheap per unit of distance, enabling birds to migrate long distances and obtain food over large areas. the power required to fly follows a u-shaped function in relation to airspeed, from which context dependent 'optimal' flight speeds can be derived. crosswinds will displace birds away from their intended track unless they make compensatory adjustments of heading and airspeed. we report on flight track measurement ... | 2016 | 27528786 |
| hematology and absence of hemoparasites in breeding common terns (sterna hirundo) from cape cod, massachusetts. | in june and july 1995, 98 breeding common terns (sterna hirundo) were captured, weighed, and bled as a part of ongoing research on the population health and reproductive biology of this species of special concern. packed cell volume, total and differential white blood cell counts, and blood smears were obtained. blood smears from 75 terns were examined. no hemoparasites were found. there were some significant differences among hematologic parameters in birds from different islands, and between b ... | 2009 | 19746853 |
| feminization of male common tern embryos is not correlated with exposure to specific pcb congeners. | | 1996 | 8875836 |
| partial-likelihood analysis of spatio-temporal point-process data. | we investigate the use of a partial likelihood for estimation of the parameters of interest in spatio-temporal point-process models. we identify an important distinction between spatially discrete and spatially continuous models. we focus our attention on the spatially continuous case, which has not previously been considered. we use an inhomogeneous poisson process and an infectious disease process, for which maximum-likelihood estimation is tractable, to assess the relative efficiency of parti ... | 2010 | 19673863 |
| timing of initial arrival at the breeding site predicts age at first reproduction in a long-lived migratory bird. | in long-lived vertebrates, individuals generally visit potential breeding areas or populations during one or more seasons before reproducing for the first time. during these years of prospecting, they select a future breeding site, colony, or mate and improve various skills and their physical condition to meet the requirements of reproduction. one precondition of successful reproduction is arrival in time on the breeding grounds. here, we study the intricate links among the date of initial sprin ... | 2008 | 18711134 |
| changes in adrenal capacity contribute to a decline in the stress response with age in a long-lived seabird. | in response to stressors, most vertebrates elevate secretion of glucocorticoids (cort) to produce a 'stress response' that enhances survival, but simultaneously inhibits reproduction. circumstances in which the value of current reproduction is high relative to the value of future reproduction and survival, often lead to suppression of the stress response thus ensuring that critical resources are not diverted away from reproduction. consistent with this expectation, we have previously reported th ... | 2008 | 18378235 |