| chromosome banding pattern conservatism in birds and nonhomology of chromosome banding patterns between birds, turtles, snakes and amphibians. | the g-banded karyotypes of 4 species of birds representing the orders galliformes, columbiformes and musophagiformes were compared. banding pattern homology between orders was limited t 5o 5 major chromosome arms and the z chromosome. even in these major chromosome arms pericentric and paracentric inversions produced alteration of the banding pattern sequences. addition of constitutive heterochromatin was responsible for changes in banding patterns in the z chromosome. the chromosome banding pat ... | 1975 | 48453 |
| studies on immunoglobulins of xenopus borealis, xenopus clivii and xenopus muelleri. | following immunization with human igg three species of anuran amphibians, xenopus borealis, xenopus clivii and xenopus muelleri, were found to synthesize two molecular populations of antibodies associated with 19s and 7s fractions of the sera. these antibodies, designated high (hmw) and low (lmw) molecular weight immunoglobulins, were isolated and their constituent heavy (h) and light (l) polypeptide chains separated following extensive reduction and alkylation in a relative yield of about 70% a ... | 1976 | 815509 |
| mauthner neurons survive metamorphosis in anurans: a comparative hrp study on the cytoarchitecture of mauthner neurons in amphibians. | giant medullary neurons were revealed in adult xenopus laevis and rana esculenta following hrp injections to the spinal cord. these neurons were identified as mauthner neurons because (1) they have the same position and orientation as the larval mauthner neurons, i.e., they lie at the level of the viiith nerve root. (2) they have two large dendritic trees that for each species are similar to those of the larval mauthner neurons, (3) they are clearly distinguishable from other large reticular neu ... | 1986 | 3081602 |
| karyotype analysis of xenopus muelleri (peters) and xenopus laevis (daudin), pipidae. | | 1972 | 5072789 |
| correlation of parasite speciation and specificity with host evolutionary relationships. | protopolystoma (monogenea, polystomatidae) is strictly specific to the anuran amphibian genus xenopus. the host group is characterised by a polyploid series in which chromosome numbers reflect diploid, tetraploid, octoploid and dodecaploid constitutions; the series is considered to have evolved through interspecies hybridisation and genome duplication. this study correlates information on host evolutionary relationships with patterns of parasite speciation and host specificity. protopolystoma is ... | 1998 | 9801916 |
| parasite infectivity to hybridising host species: a link between hybrid resistance and allopolyploid speciation? | variation in host-specific infectivity was studied in monogenean polystome parasites (protopolystoma spp.) of the interfertile, parapatric anurans xenopus laevis laevis and xenopus muelleri. laboratory-raised host f1 hybrids were resistant to parasites respectively specific to each parent taxon in nature. this resistance occurred against parasite isolates from both inside and outside a host hybrid/sympatric zone (and no isolate was compatible with the foreign host species under experimental cond ... | 2003 | 12633651 |
| postlarval protopolystoma spp. kidney infections in incompatible xenopus spp. induce weak resistance to heterospecifics. | protopolystoma xenopodis and protopolystoma orientalis are polystomatid monogeneans respectively specific to the parapatric anurans xenopus laevis and xenopus muelleri. parasite larval stages may invade the kidneys of foreign xenopus spp. but die before migration to the definitive urinary bladder site. laboratory experiments to assess the effect of a primary incompatible kidney infection on a secondary compatible infection found: (1) a small, significant decrease in the survivorship of p. xenopo ... | 2003 | 12759746 |
| peptidomic analysis of skin secretions demonstrates that the allopatric populations of xenopus muelleri (pipidae) are not conspecific. | mueller's clawed frog xenopus muelleri (peters 1844) occupies two non-contiguous ranges in east and west africa. the phylogenetic relationship between the two populations is unclear and it has been proposed that the western population represents a separate species. peptidomic analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from x. muelleri from the eastern range resulted in the identification of five antimicrobial peptides structurally related to the magainins (magainin-m1 and -m2), xenops ... | 2011 | 21664395 |
| host-defense peptides in skin secretions of african clawed frogs (xenopodinae, pipidae). | african clawed frogs of the xenopodinae (xenopus+silurana) constitute a well-defined system in which to study the evolutionary trajectory of duplicated genes and are a source of antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential. allopolyploidization events within the xenopodinae have given rise to tetraploid, octoploid, and dodecaploid species. the primary structures and distributions of host-defense peptides from the tetraploid frogs xenopus borealis, xenopusclivii, xenopuslaevis, xenopusmuelle ... | 2011 | 22036891 |
| effects of tigerinin peptides on cytokine production by mouse peritoneal macrophages and spleen cells and by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | the tigerinins are a family of cationic, cyclic peptides of unknown biological function produced in the skins of diverse frog species. tigerinin-1r (rvcsaiplpich.nh2) from hoplobatrachus rugulosus (dicroglossidae), tigerinin-1v (ricyamwipypc) from lithobates vaillanti (ranidae), and tigerinin-1m (wcppmiplcsrf.nh2) from xenopus muelleri (pipidae) did not inhibit growth of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus at concentrations up to 500 μg/ml and were not hemolytic. incubation of peritoneal ... | 2014 | 24412102 |
| ddt exposure of frogs: a case study from limpopo province, south africa. | amphibians are globally under pressure with environmental contaminants contributing to this. despite caution aired more than 80 years ago of threats posed to amphibians by ddt spraying for disease vector control, no data have been published on concentrations or effects of ddt contamination in frogs from areas where ddt is actively sprayed to control the insect vectors of malaria. in this study, we sampled fat bodies of xenopus laevis and xenopus muelleri naturally occurring in an area where indo ... | 2016 | 27317939 |
| "bloated-1" and "bloated-2", two recessive mutations in xenopus borealis and xenopus muelleri. | | 1982 | 7184284 |
| hybridization between the african clawed frogs xenopus laevis and xenopus muelleri (pipidae) increases the multiplicity of antimicrobial peptides in skin secretions of female offspring. | peptidomic analysis was used to compare the distribution of host-defense peptides in norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from laboratory-generated female f1 hybrids of the common clawed frog xenopus laevis (daudin, 1802) and mueller's clawed frog xenopus muelleri (peters, 1844) with the corresponding distribution in skin secretions from the parent species. a total of 18 peptides were identified in secretions from the hybrid frogs. eleven peptides (magainin-1, magainin-2, cpf-1, cpf-3, cpf- ... | 2012 | 22687652 |
| a redescription of chabaudus leberrei (bain & philippon, 1969) (nematoda: seuratoidea) from xenopus spp. in swaziland. | chabaudus leberrei (bain & philippon, 1969) is redescribed from the pipid anurans xenopus muelleri (peters) and x. laevis laevis (daudin) (new host records) in northern swaziland, based on light and scanning electron microscope studies. the six anterior protuberances characteristic of the genus chabaudus inglis & ogden, 1965, are, in c. leberrei, formed by bipartite lamellae associated with the internal margins of the three lips. intraspecific variation in the number and disposition of male caud ... | 2001 | 11586076 |
| cellular dna content in different species of xenopus. | 1. biochemical methods were applied to determine the dna content per cell in ten species and subspecies of xenopus. 2. cell density and dna concentration were measured in a suspension of blood cells. 3. dna was determined by the diphenylamine method and values were compared with those obtained by the ultraviolet absorption method and by cytofluorometry. 4. a good degree of reproducibility was demonstrated by a simple biochemical method which yielded values compatible with cytofluorometry. 5. res ... | 1982 | 7151422 |
| albumin phylogeny for clawed frogs (xenopus). | comparisons of albumin indicate that the frogs commonly used by north american molecular and developmental biologists under the name of xenopus muelleri belong to another species, x. borealis. phylogenetic analysis of the albumin data reveals two major groups of xenopus species, one containing only x. tropicalis and the other, called the x. laevis grou, containing the remaining species of the genus. the phylogenetic tree, in conjunction with evidence from chromosomes and dna content, leads to th ... | 1977 | 65013 |
| the specific molecular composition and structural arrangement of eleutherodactylus coqui gular skin tissue provide its high mechanical compliance. | a male eleutherodactylus coqui (ec, a frog) expands and contracts its gular skin to a great extent during mating calls, displaying its extraordinarily compliant organ. there are striking similarities between frog gular skin and the human bladder as both organs expand and contract significantly. while the high extensibility of the urinary bladder is attributed to the unique helical ultrastructure of collagen type iii, the mechanism behind the gular skin of ec is unknown. we therefore aim to under ... | 2020 | 32764252 |
| novel information on the morphology, phylogeny and distribution of camallanid nematodes from marine and freshwater hosts in south africa, including the description of camallanus sodwanaensis n. sp. | four species of previously known nematodes from the family camallanidae were found from different hosts in south africa: batrachocamallanus xenopodis from the frog xenopus muelleri, paracamallanus cyathopharynx and procamallanus pseudolaeviconchus from the catfish clarias gariepinus and spirocamallanus daleneae from the catfish synodontis zambezensis. in the material collected from various marine fishes, several specimens of nematodes from the genus camallanus clearly differed from all previousl ... | 2019 | 31692735 |
| linking organochlorine exposure to biomarker response patterns in anurans: a case study of müller's clawed frog (xenopus muelleri) from a tropical malaria vector control region. | organochlorine pesticides are highly persistent in aquatic ecosystems. amphibians, specifically anurans, play an intricate part in the aquatic food web, and have very permeable skin which makes them prone to bioaccumulation of persistent pollutants. in this study the bioaccumulation of various legacy organochlorine pesticides (ocps)-including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt), currently used for malaria vector control (mvc)-was assessed along with a set of biomarker responses in müller's cla ... | 2018 | 30173332 |