| the analysis of essential oils and extracts (oleoresins) from seasonings--a critical review. | a critical review of the analytical methods employed for the determination of the relevant components of seasonings is presented. where the available methods were inadequate, new ones have been devised. particular emphasis has been placed on those methods of analysis that provide a rapid and sufficiently accurate appraisal of seasoning extracts and essential oils from seasonings under routine control laboratory conditions. at the same time, the margin of error of these methods has been determine ... | 1977 | 336288 |
| symptoms in spice workers. | spices are widely used for flavouring food and are mostly grown in the tropics. twenty-eight workers in a store processing cloves, pepper, nutmeg, mace and cardamom for export were studied. they were exposed to the dust of these products for short periods, in rotation. seventy-six per cent of the workers experienced symptoms such as smarting of the nostrils and eyes, cough, sneezing and running nose while handling cloves. similar symptoms occurred less frequently with pepper (44%). these symptom ... | 1992 | 1560483 |
| evaluation of a microbiological method for detection of irradiation of spices. | the suitability of a microbiological method, a combination of the direct epifluorescent filter technique (deft) and the total aerobic plate count (apc), for the detection of irradiation of spices was evaluated. the evaluation was carried out using different kinds of spices including peppers, paprika, cardamom, cinnamon, ginger; herbs such as thyme, marjoram, basil, and oregano; and garlic powder. ground spices were tested as well as cut and whole spice samples. samples were analysed before and a ... | 1991 | 2038893 |
| cytogenetic studies reveal increased genomic damage among 'pan masala' consumers. | pan masala (pm), a dried powdered mixture containing ingredients like areca nut, catechu, lime, cardamom and flavouring agents, is consumed abundantly by indians and is also exported to western countries. pan masala with tobacco (pm-t) is also available on the market. in view of the role of the ingredients of pm in the causation of oral diseases, the possible harmful effects of consuming this complex mixture were analysed in individuals regularly consuming pm and among healthy non-consuming cont ... | 1991 | 2056918 |
| contact and systemic contact-type dermatitis to spices. | contact and systemic contact-type dermatitis reactions to spices such as nutmeg, mace, cardamom, curry, cinnamon, and laurel may be rare but may well be overlooked. in our experience, patch testing with these spices "as is" is very useful; if there is a positive reaction, testing with dilutions is helpful. scratch-chamber testing often leads to false-positive irritant reactions. as hjorth and niinimäki have pointed out, a positive test to balsam of peru may indicate a spice allergy, but the abse ... | 1990 | 2137403 |
| cardamom--production, technology, chemistry, and quality. | cardamom, elettaria cardamomum maton var. miniscula burkill (fam. zingiberaceae) known as true or lesser cardamom is the widely cultivated variety and important in the world trade. it occupies a high second or third place in world trade, being a high priced spice. it belongs to the sweet spices group and is used predominantly to flavor sweets, baked goods, and coffee, particularly in the arab countries. this monograph critically reviews the post-harvest handling and processing and the chemistry ... | 1982 | 7039980 |
| inhibition of tobacco-induced mutagenesis by eugenol and plant extracts. | inhibitory effects of eugenol, a compound present in many spices such as cloves, cardamom etc. and the extracts of anacyclus pyrethrum and spilanthes calva which are traditionally used in india during the preparation of chewable tobacco, on tobacco-induced mutagenesis were evaluated using ames salmonella/microsome assay. eugenol significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) tobacco-induced mutagenicity at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg/plate. anacyclus pyrethrum extract (1 mg/plate) produced 74.33% inhibi ... | 1995 | 7753104 |
| influence of certain essential oils on carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes and acid-soluble sulfhydryls in mouse liver. | the influence of essential oils from naturally occurring plant dietary items such as cardamom, celery seed, cumin seed, coriander, ginger, nutmeg, and zanthoxylum on the activities of hepatic carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome p450, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, and glutathione s-transferase) and acid-soluble sulfhydryl level was investigated in swiss albino mice. each oil was fed by gavage at 10 microliters/day for 14 days, and then the animals were sacrificed and their hepatic enzyme ... | 1994 | 8072879 |
| skin symptoms among workers in a spice factory. | workers in a swedish spice factory (n = 70), and in the office (n = 23) of the same company, were investigated by questionnaire regarding skin symptoms. in a 2nd part of the study, subjects reporting skin symptoms were examined and investigated by patch and prick testing. skin symptoms were reported by 1/2 the factory workers. pruritus and skin irritation, particularly from cinnamon powder, were common. patch test reactions to cinnamic aldehyde were found in 11/25 factory workers, but in several ... | 1993 | 8281784 |
| crude drug (zingiberaceae) enhancement of percutaneous absorption of indomethacin: in vitro and in vivo permeation. | to improve drug permeation through skin, extracts of crude drugs were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo penetration techniques with rabbit skin as a model membrane. the acetone extract of amomum cardamomum (ae-ac) and elettaria cardamomum (ae-ec) had the best effect in enhancing the penetration of indomethacin (idm). the flux of idm for the formulation containing ae-ac from ph 7.4 buffer-alcohol donor solution was 3.6 times higher than that from the 50% alcohol donor solution. in order to con ... | 1993 | 8366543 |
| inhibitory effect of spices on in vitro histamine production and histidine decarboxylase activity of morganella morganii and on the biogenic amine formation in mackerel stored at 30 degrees c. | the inhibitory effects of clove, cinnamon, cardamom, turmeric and pepper on the histamine production and histidine decarboxylase activity of morganella morganii (a potent histamine-producing bacteria in fish) was examined at 30 degrees c using hplc. cinnamon and clove exhibited a significant (p < 0.01) inhibitory effect, whereas turmeric and cardamom had a moderate effect. these spices were applied to whole mackerel at a level of 3% and their inhibitory effect on biogenic amine formation at 30 d ... | 1996 | 8765991 |
| pharmacological studies of cardamom oil in animals. | cardamom seeds are widely used for flavouring purposes in food and as carminative. little information has been reported on their pharmacological and toxicological properties or, for their volatile oil which constitutes about 5% of the seed's total weight. a comparative study of the anti-inflammatory activity of the oil extracted from commercial elettaria cardamomum seeds, in doses of 175 and 280 microliters/kg and indomethacin in a dose of 30 mg/kg against acute carrageenan-induced planter oedem ... | 1996 | 8981560 |
| in vivo antigenotoxic effects of dietary agents and beverages co-administered with urethane: assessment of the role of glutathione s-transferase activity. | antigenotoxic effects and changes in glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity were assessed in mice after oral co-administration of urethane (ure) with aqueous extracts of dietary vegetables (carrot, spinach and cabbage), spices (cinnamon, pepper, cumin, clove and cardamom), tea and coffee. the results of the genotoxicity assay (micronucleus test) demonstrated dose-related antigenotoxic effects after ure was co-administered with aqueous extracts of vegetables, spices, tea and coffee. inhibition ... | 1998 | 9639686 |
| protection from pan masala induced genomic damage by beta-carotene and retinoic acid--an in vitro experience. | cytogenetic studies in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells using aqueous and organic extracts of pan masalas, as well as genomic damage observed among pan masala consumers have conclusively shown genotoxic potential of pan masala-a dry complex mixture of areca nut, lime, catechu, cardamom, unspecified flavoring agent, etc., often containing tobacco in it. tobacco and areca nut, major ingredients of pan masala, are closely associated with oral cancer. the most widely studied group of compounds in t ... | 1998 | 9717530 |
| transdermal iontophoretic delivery of diclofenac sodium from various polymer formulations: in vitro and in vivo studies. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo transdermal iontophoresis of various diclofenac sodium polymer formulations. the excised rat skin, human skin as well as cellulose membrane were used to examine the in vitro drug permeation whereas the microdialysis technique was used to monitor the drug concentration in vivo. polymer solutions based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hpmc) binary system showed higher drug permeability than that of ... | 1999 | 10205628 |
| cyclic monoterpene extract from cardamom oil as a skin permeation enhancer for indomethacin: in vitro and in vivo studies. | the in vitro and in vivo effect of pretreatment by cardamom oil, a crude drug extract, in ethanol/water vehicles on the transdermal delivery of indomethacin was investigated. the cyclic monoterpene components in cardamom oil were also determined and quantified in this study. the permeation of indomethacin was significantly enhanced after pretreatment of cardamom oil both in the in vitro and in vivo studies. the result of various pre-treatment periods showed that the indomethacin flux decreased a ... | 1999 | 10408241 |
| alteration of perceived fragrance of essential oils in relation to type of work: a simple screening test for efficacy of aroma. | the perceptional change of fragrance of essential oils is described in relation to type of work, i.e. mental work, physical work and hearing environmental (natural) sounds. the essential oils examined in this study were ylang ylang, orange, geranium, cypress, bergamot, spearmint and juniper. in evaluating change in perception of a given aroma, a sensory test was employed in which the perception of fragrance was assessed by 13 contrasting pairs of adjectives. scores were recorded after inhaling a ... | 1999 | 10480677 |
| knowledge of consumers regarding the nature and extent of adulteration of indian foods. | the present study was carried out on 60 women consumers selected from three different localities of hisar city in india to study their knowledge regarding adulteration and detecting adulterants in commonly used food items. the post exposure correct responses of the respondents increased remarkably as 100.0 percent of the respondents gave correct responses regarding statements on adulteration of spices and condiments, the most common adulterated food item and to when and whom they could approach ... | 1999 | 10561864 |
| anti-oxidant effects of cinnamon (cinnamomum verum) bark and greater cardamom (amomum subulatum) seeds in rats fed high fat diet. | in order to gain insight into the antioxidant effect of cinnamon (cinnamomum verum; lauraceae) and cardamom (amomum subulatum; zingiberaceae) hepatic and cardiac antioxidant enzymes, glutathione (gsh) content and lipid conjugated dienes were studied in rats fed high fat diet along with cinnamon or cardamom. the antioxidant enzyme activities were found to be significantly enhanced whereas gsh content was markedly restored in rats fed a fat diet with spices. in addition, these spices partially cou ... | 1999 | 10641152 |
| influence of intragastric perfusion of aqueous spice extracts on acid secretion in anesthetized albino rats. | the effect of spices on gastric acid secretion is variable. their mechanism of action is also not well established. | 2000 | 10812814 |
| preservation of alpha-tocopherol in sunflower oil by herbs and spices. | the ability of some commercially available herb and spice extracts to preserve alpha-tocopherol in sunflower oil during heating at 85-105 degrees c was assessed using sunflower oil as a model system. the rancimat was evaluated for the heating stage and was used throughout as it was shown to be viable: alpha-tocopherol did not evaporate under the test conditions. the delay in the onset of rancidity was found to be directly related to the initial alpha-tocopherol concentration (p < 0.01). rosemary ... | 2000 | 11103298 |
| antioxidant phenolics and flavonoids in common indian foods. | to determine antioxidant phenolics and flavonoids in commonly consumed indian foods we chemically analysed 85 food-stuffs comprising of cereals, pulses, nuts, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits and beverages. total phenolics were measured biochemically and flavonoids were measured as a sum of quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin and pelargonidin. high flavonoid content (> 100 mg/100 gm) was present in tea, coffee, apple, guava, terminalia bark, fenugreek seeds, mustard seeds, cinnamon, red chili powder, cl ... | 1998 | 11229280 |
| evaluation of the gastric antiulcerogenic effect of large cardamom (fruits of amomum subulatum roxb). | large cardamom (fruit of amomum subulatum roxb, n.o. zingiberaceae) commonly known as 'heel kalan' or 'bari ilaichi' is used in unani system of medicine in gastrointestinal disorders. a crude methanolic extract and its different fractions, viz. essential oil, petroleum ether (60-80 degrees ), ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions, were studied in rats for their ability to inhibit the gastric lesions induced by aspirin, ethanol and pylorus ligature. in addition their effects on wall mucus, outpu ... | 2001 | 11297839 |
| antimicrobial activity of essential oils from plants against selected pathogenic and saprophytic microorganisms. | the beneficial health effects of extracts from many types of plants that are used as seasoning agents in foods and beverages have been claimed for centuries. the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of selected herb and spice essential oils for control of growth and survival of microorganisms. inhibition of growth was tested by the paper disc agar diffusion method. antibiotic susceptibility discs were used as control. minimum lethal concentration (mlc) was determined by the tub ... | 2001 | 11456186 |
| 3'-terminal sequence analysis of the rna genome of the indian isolate of cardamom mosaic virus: a new member of genus macluravirus of potyviridae. | cardamom mosaic virus, a possible member of the family potyviridae has been associated with the mosaic disease (katte disease) of small cardamom in india. a virus isolated from the symptomatic cardamom leaves was positive in elisa only with antiserum to the guatemalan isolate of cardamom mosaic virus and not with a number of other potyviruses. the size of the viral rna (8.5 kb) and the molecular weight of the coat protein (cp) (38 kda) were determined. a 1.8-kb product containing the partial nuc ... | 2001 | 11556406 |
| effect of different terpene-containing essential oils on permeation of estradiol through hairless mouse skin. | purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate six terpene-containing essential oils for their capacity to promote permeation of estradiol (es) through hairless mouse skin in vitro. tests on cajuput, cardamom, melissa, myrtle, niaouli and orange oil, all used at the 10% w/w concentration in propylene glycol (pg), evidenced niaouli oil (nia) as the best permeation promoter for es. tests on the main terpene components of nia (1,8 cineole, alpha-pinene, alpha-terpineol and d-limonene), evalua ... | 2002 | 11955818 |
| [influence of spiced feed additives on taste of hen's eggs]. | the effect of the spices garlic (allium sativum), extract from garlic, sage (salvia officinalis), caraway (carum carvi), peppermint (mentha piperita), fennel (foeniculum vulgare), thyme (thymus vulgaris), paprika (capsicum annuum), marjoram (majorana hortensis), cardamom (elettaria cardamomum) and sausage-mix fed to white hybrides on the quality of eggs (n = 705) was tested by 10 qualified persons. changes in smell or taste were partly significant; a direct improvement is hard to induce. a well ... | 2002 | 12058595 |
| expression of cardamom mosaic virus coat protein in escherichia coli and its assembly into filamentous aggregates. | cardamom mosaic virus (cdmv), a member of the genus macluravirus of potyviridae, causes a mosaic disease in cardamom. a polyclonal antiserum was raised against the purified virus and igg was prepared. electron microscopic studies on the purified virus showed flexuous filamentous particles of approximately 800 nm in length, typical of members of potyviridae. the coat protein (cp) encoding sequence of the virus was expressed in escherichia coli and the protein purified by affinity chromatography u ... | 2002 | 12076837 |
| performance of an age series of alnus-cardamom plantations in the sikkim himalaya: productivity, energetics and efficiencies. | biomass, net primary productivity, energetics and energy efficiencies were estimated in an age series of alnus-cardamom plantations in the eastern himalaya. the impact of stand age (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 years) on the performance of mixtures of n2-fixing (alnus nepalensis) and non-n2-fixing (large cardamom) plants was studied. large cardamom (amomum subulatum) is the most important perennial cash crop in the region and is cultivated predominantly under alnus trees. net primary productivity wa ... | 2002 | 12096738 |
| performance of an age series of alnus-cardamom plantations in the sikkim himalaya: nutrient dynamics. | nutrient cycling, nutrient use efficiency and nitrogen fixation in an age series of alnus-cardamom plantations were studied in the eastern himalaya. the impact of stand age (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 years) on the nutrient dynamics of mixtures of n2-fixing (alnus nepalensis) and non-n2-fixing (large cardamom) plants was assessed. foliar nutrient concentrations of alnus decreased with advancing age groups of plantations and showed an inverse relationship with stand age. annual n fixation increased ... | 2002 | 12096739 |
| role of volatile oil pretreatment and skin cholesterol on permeation of ion-paired diclofenac sodium. | this study was designed to investigate the influence of volatile oil pretreated skin on in vitro permeation from films containing ionized and dodecylamine ion-paired diclofenac sodium (ds). the involvement of skin cholesterol was investigated to determine its possible role in enhancing the permeation of ion-paired ds. cardamom oil produced the maximum (10 x) in vitro permeation enhancement for ion-paired ds. the carrageenan induced rat paw oedema reduction (up to 12 hr) by cardamom oil was compa ... | 2000 | 12561947 |
| fungi and aflatoxins associated with spices in the sultanate of oman. | one hundred and five samples of seven spices (cumin, cinnamon, clove, black pepper, cardamom, ginger, and coriander) were purchased from five popular companies in the sultanate of oman. the spices were surveyed for the mycoflora and aflatoxins. twenty fungal species were isolated in which aspergillus flavus, a. niger. penicillium, rhizopus, and syncephalastrum racemosum were the most dominant. when colony forming units per gm (cfu/gm) of fungi were compared, significant differences were found am ... | 2002 | 12617502 |
| molecular evidence that aphid-transmitted alpinia mosaic virus is a tentative member of the genus macluravirus. | alpinia mosaic virus (alpmv), once assigned to the genus potyvirus, infects primarily plants of the ginger family. to seek molecular evidence for correct classification of this virus, a cdna clone corresponding to the 3' portion of the alpmv genome was obtained by reverse transcriptase-pcr and ta cloning. the authenticity of the cdna clone was confirmed by expression of the coat protein (cp) in e. coli followed by immunoblot analysis. sequence analysis indicated that, in contrast to its low iden ... | 2003 | 12756625 |
| high genetic diversity in the coat protein and 3 untranslated regions among geographical isolates of cardamom mosaic virus from south india. | a survey was conducted to study the biological and genetic diversity of cardamom mosaic virus (cdmv) that causes the most widespread disease in the cardamom growing area in the western ghats of south india. six distinct subgroups were derived based on their symptomatology and host range from the sixty isolates collected. the serological variability between the virus isolates was analysed by elisa and western blotting. the 3 terminal region consisting of the coat protein (cp) coding sequence and ... | 2003 | 14517362 |
| element analysis and biological studies on ten oriental spices using xrf and ames test. | ten oriental spices were analyzed for their element composition using x-ray fluorescence (xrf): nutmeg (myristica fragrans), coriander (coriandrum sativum), safflower (carthamus tinctorius), caraway (carum carvi), sicilian sumac (rhus coriaria), aniseed (anisum vulgare), black pepper (piper nigrum), cardamom (elettaria cardamomum), cumin (cuminum cyminum) and nigella (nigella sativum). the spices were found to contain the following elements: mg, al, si, p, s, cl, k, ca, ti, mn, fe, cu and zn, wi ... | 2003 | 14531636 |
| indian food ingredients and cancer prevention - an experimental evaluation of anticarcinogenic effects of garlic in rat colon. | the major food items of indian cuisine include rice, wheat, diary products, and abundant fruits and vegetables. beside these, there are several kinds of herbs and spices as important ingredients, containing many phytochemicals with medicinal properties, adding taste to indian cuisine. an impressive body of data exists in support of the concept that indian food ingredients can be used in preventive strategies aimed at reducing the incidence and mortality of different types of cancers because of t ... | 2004 | 15244513 |
| investigation on the phenolics of some spices having pharmacotherapeuthic properties. | spices are an important group of agricultural commodities being used by many civilizations all over the world to aid flavor, taste and nutritional values in the food. in traditional medical systems, their ability to heal various physical, mental and emotional problems has widely been reported. with this view, hplc analysis was performed to estimate phenolic acids in 21 spices (asafetida, bishop's weed, black mustard, coriander, cinnamon, clove, curry leaf, cumin black, cumin, fennel, fenugreek, ... | 2004 | 15927923 |
| dietary cardamom inhibits the formation of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in mice and reduces cox-2 and inos expression in the colon. | recently, considerable attention has been focused on identifying naturally occurring chemopreventive compounds capable of inhibiting, retarding, or reversing the multi-step carcinogenesis. the primary aim of the present study was to identify the effects of a commonly consumed spice, viz., cardamom against azoxymethane (aom) induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (acf) in swiss albino mice. the secondary aim, was to explore the ability of cardamom to modulate the status of proliferation and apoptosi ... | 2005 | 16101317 |
| cardamom extract as inhibitor of human platelet aggregation. | the inhibitory activity of cardamom extract was studied on human platelets. platelet aggregation and lipid peroxidation were evaluated with platelet rich plasma (prp) and platelet membranes, respectively, obtained from blood of healthy volunteers. human platelets were subjected to stimulation with a variety of agonists including adp (2.5 mm), epinephrine (2.5 mm), collagen (10 mm), calcium ionophore a 23187 (6 microm) and ristocetin (1.25 microg/ml). the ic50 were 0.49, 0.21, 0.55 and 0.59 mg wi ... | 2005 | 16106388 |
| the use of health foods, spices and other botanicals in the sikh community in london. | attitudes and practice concerning complementary and alternative medicine (cam) are currently an area of considerable interest. however, little is known about the overall importance of such practices, for example, in immigrant communities such as the sikh (punjabi) british. the use of cam in immigrants belonging to the sikh religion in london was studied. the primary objective was to analyse the extent to which traditional medicine is used and understood by this population. traditional sikh medic ... | 2005 | 16161027 |
| gastroprotective effect of cardamom, elettaria cardamomum maton. fruits in rats. | cardamom, the fruits of elettaria cardamomum maton. (zingiberaceae) commonly known as "heel khurd" is used in unani system of medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders. a crude methanolic extract (tm), essential oil (eo), petroleum ether soluble (ps) and insoluble (pi) fractions of methanolic extract, were studied in rats at doses of 100-500, 12.5-50, 12.5-150 and 450 mg/kg, respectively for their ability to inhibit the gastric lesions induced by aspirin, ethanol and pylorous ligature. in add ... | 2006 | 16298093 |
| in vitro susceptibility of helicobacter pylori to botanical extracts used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. | the gram-negative bacterium helicobacter pylori (hp), identified in 1982, is now recognized as the primary etiological factor associated with the development of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. in addition, hp infections are also associated with chronic gastritis, gastric carcinoma and primary gastric b-cell lymphoma. for centuries, herbals have been used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of ailments, including gastrointestinal (gi) disorders such as dyspepsia, gastritis and pepti ... | 2005 | 16317658 |
| the relation between phosphine sorption and terminal gas concentrations in successful fumigation of food commodities. | owing to increased tolerance and the development of resistance in stored product insects to the fumigant phosphine, in recent years there has been a shift in the target terminal concentration from 100 ppm (100 ml m(-3)) to a higher level of 1000 ppm to achieve 100% insect mortality in 7 day commodity treatments. therefore, there is a need to investigate whether the revised target concentration could be achieved for food commodities fumigated with phosphine at the standard dose of 2 g m(-3) for 7 ... | 2007 | 17051623 |
| modulatory effect of spice extracts on iron-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver. | the antioxidants in foods play an important role in preventing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros). some of the dietary constituents, commonly used in indian foods such as cloves (syzygium aromaticum), licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra), mace (aril of myristica fragrans) and greater cardamom (amomum subulatum), were selected as the test samples to find their effect on the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (lpo) in rat liver homogenate. three different oxidant systems were used to induce lp ... | 2007 | 17673831 |
| antifungal effects of volatile compounds from black zira (bunium persicum) and other spices and herbs. | the dish pack method, which measures growth inhibition or promotion effects of volatile compounds on germinating seeds, was applied to measure the antifungal effects of 52 dried samples of spices and herbs against a soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus, fusarium oxysporum. black zira showed the strongest effect, followed by cumin and cardamom. headspace sampling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of black zira identified seven volatile compounds, gamma-terpinene, limonene, p-cymene, ... | 2007 | 17932718 |
| antibacterial effect of five zingiberaceae essential oils. | essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation and two different solvent extractions (petroleum ether and ethanol) from five zingiberaceae species: ginger (zingiber officinale roscoe.), galanga (alpinia galanga sw.), turmeric (curcuma longa l.), kaempferia (boesenbergia pandurata holtt.) and bastard cardamom (amomum xanthioides wall.) was characterized. volatile components of all extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). the major components of ginger, turmeric, galang ... | 2007 | 17960105 |
| structure elucidation of a pungent compound in black cardamom: amomum tsao-ko crevost et lemarié (zingiberaceae). | natural plant extracts containing taste modifier compounds will gain more commercial interest in the future. black cardamom, amomum tsao-ko crevost et lemarié, used as a spice in asia, produces a nice refreshing effect in the mouth. therefore, an ethyl acetate extract was prepared, and constituents were separated by liquid chromatography. guided by the tasting of each fraction (lc tasting), a new pungent compound was discovered, (+/-)-trans-2,3,3a,7a-tetrahydro-1h-indene-4-carbaldehyde. to confi ... | 2007 | 18020415 |
| gut modulatory, blood pressure lowering, diuretic and sedative activities of cardamom. | cardamom (elettaria cardamomum) is traditionally used in various gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and neuronal disorders. | 2008 | 18037596 |
| protective capacities of certain spices against peroxynitrite-mediated biomolecular damage. | peroxynitrite, a potent cytotoxic agent, can damage a variety of biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and dna, and is considered as one of the major pathological causes of several diseases. therefore, it would appear likely that interception of peroxynitrite by certain dietary compounds may represent one mechanism by which such foods may exert their beneficial action in vivo. a number of researchers have speculated that certain spices, rich in phenolics, may, conceivably, act as potential prot ... | 2008 | 18063286 |
| inhibition of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of gst activity by cardamom and cinnamon during chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in swiss albino mice. | globally, colorectal cancer is the third commonest cancer in men since 1975.the present study focuses on the preventive strategies aimed at reducing the incidences and mortality of large bowel cancer. chemoprevention of colon cancer appears to be a very realistic possibility because various intermediate stages have been identified preceding the development of malignant colonic tumors. several studies have demonstrated that generous consumption of vegetables reduces the risk of colon cancer. this ... | 2007 | 18260732 |
| traditional medicinal plants of cold desert ladakh-used against kidney and urinary disorders. | traditional medicine of clod desert ladakh has large potential to treat various ailments among tribal communities inhabited in the remotest region of indian subcontinent. this study was conducted to document the new ethno-medico-botanical information and traditional use of medicinal plants against kidney and urinary disorders, and thus to conserve the rapidly disappearing traditional knowledge system of amchis of ladakh. | 2008 | 18550306 |
| free radical scavenging activity, metal chelation and antioxidant power of some of the indian spices. | food constituents are the major source of various phytochemicals and micronutrients. the importance of these dietary constituents has been stressed in recent years due to their antioxidant and anticarcinogenic potential. spices used in indian foods such as cloves (syzygium aromaticum), licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra), mace (aril of myristica fragans), and greater cardamom (amomum subulatum) were tested for their antioxidant properties in vitro. the metal chelating activity, bleomycin dependent dna ... | 2007 | 18997285 |
| domestication of cardamom (elettaria cardamomum) in western ghats, india: divergence in productive traits and a shift in major pollinators. | elettaria cardamomum, a highly priced spice, is native to the western ghats of south india. wild populations still occur in isolated patches in their natural habitats; however, much of today's commercial product comes from cultivated sources. there is no information on domestication-related traits of this species; the main objective of this study was to compare wild and cultivated populations of cardamom in terms of vegetative and reproductive features in order to identify domestication syndrome ... | 2009 | 19126635 |
| proleptonchoides southindiae n. gen., n. sp., a new leptonchoid from south india. | proleptonchoides southindiae n. gen., n. sp. (dorylaimida: leptonchidae), is described from soil around false tobacco (lobelia excelsa) and cardamom (elettaria cardamomurn) in south india. p. southindiae is prodelphic, has a short constricted esophageal bulb and flanged odontophore, and is phylogenetically close to proleptonchus. | 1979 | 19305531 |
| in vivo enhancement of natural killer cell activity through tea fortified with ayurvedic herbs. | the effect of a tea fortified with five herbs selected from indian traditional medicine (ayurveda) for their putative immunoenhancing effect (withania somnifera, glycyrrhzia glabra, zingiber officinale, ocimum sanctum and elettaria cardamomum) on innate immunity was investigated. ex vivo natural killer (nk) cell activity was assessed after consumption of fortified tea compared with regular tea in two independent double-blind intervention studies. both studies were conducted in india with healthy ... | 2010 | 19504465 |
| possibility of fighting food borne bacteria by egyptian folk medicinal herbs and spices extracts. | phytotherapy (herbal medicine) have a long-standing history in egypt. current study investigated the antimicrobial potentialities of twenty five herbs and spices which are widely used in folk medicine by egyptian housewives to treat gastrointestinal disorders against seven bacterial strains, mostly food borne including pathogens. they were tested by using paper disc diffusion technique as qualitative assay and agar dilution method for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of her ... | 2009 | 19712651 |
| effect of different dietary levels of mangrove (laguncularia racemosa) leaves and spice supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, lipid metabolism and metabolic profiles in laying hens. | in order to study the influence of white mangrove (laguncularia racemosa) leaves on productive performance, egg quality, lipids metabolism and metabolic profiles, 180 hy-line laying hens were randomly distributed to 6 dietary treatments each contained 6 replicates of 5 individually caged hens during the period from 50 to 60 weeks of age. 2. three isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 0, 50 and 100 g/kg of sun-dried mangrove leaves. each diet was fed with or without sup ... | 2009 | 19946823 |
| panmasala chewing induces deterioration in oral health and its implications in carcinogenesis. | abstract panmasala containing tobacco was introduced in the indian market during the 1970s. panmasala consists of areca nut (betel nut), catechu, lime, cardamom, spices, and unspecified flavoring agents, etc., with tobacco locally known as gutkha or without tobacco (plain or sada), and consumed abundantly in india and also other parts of the world, predominantly in south east asian countries. available studies demonstrate that the habits of chewing panmasala gutkha or plain by students and adole ... | 2008 | 20020923 |
| [antioxidant properties of essential oils]. | by the method of capillary gas-liquid chromatography we studied antioxidant properties and stability during the storage of hexane solutions of 14 individual essential oils from black and white pepper (piper nigrum l.), cardamom (elettaria cardamomum l.), nutmeg (myristica fragrans houtt.), mace (myristica fragrans houtt), juniperberry (juniperus communis l.), seed of fennel (foeniculum vulgare mill., var. dulce thelling), caraway (carvum carvi l.), dry leaves of cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum b ... | 2009 | 20067158 |
| activity of essential oils against bacillus subtilis spores. | alternative methods for controlling bacterial endospore contamination are desired in a range of industries and applications. attention has recently turned to natural products, such as essential oils, which have sporicidal activity. in this study, a selection of essential oils was investigated to identify those with activity against bacillus subtilis spores. spores were exposed to thirteen essential oils, and surviving spores were enumerated. cardamom, tea tree, and juniper leaf oils were the mos ... | 2009 | 20075624 |
| in vitro investigation of the potential immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activities of black pepper (piper nigrum) and cardamom (elettaria cardamomum). | although the immunomodulatory effects of many herbs have been extensively studied, research related to possible immunomodulatory effects of various spices is relatively scarce. here, the potential immunomodulatory effects of black pepper and cardamom are investigated. our data show that black pepper and cardamom aqueous extracts significantly enhance splenocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent, synergistic fashion. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments reveal that black pepper and carda ... | 2010 | 20210607 |
| antioxidant activity of spice extracts in a liposome system and in cooked pork patties and the possible mode of action. | three experiments were conducted to assess the antioxidant efficacy of spice extracts in cooked meat. in experiment 1, antioxidant activity of 13 common spice extracts was screened in a liposome system. six of the extracts (clove, rosemary, cassia bark, liquorice, nutmeg, and round cardamom), identified to have the greatest total phenolic contents, were strongly inhibitory of tbars formation. in experiment 2, 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing power ... | 2010 | 20430533 |
| the effect of chewing gum flavor on the negative affect associated with tobacco abstinence among dependent cigarette smokers. | many smokers relapse during cessation attempts due to increases in negative affect. previous research has shown that chewing confectionary chewing gum appears to lessen the severity of acute nicotine withdrawal symptoms and help individuals who are trying to reduce smoking in part due to the flavor of the gum chewed. the current study compared the effects of three flavored gums to a no gum control during 48-hour cessation periods for young dependent smokers. forty-nine smokers participated in th ... | 2010 | 20598808 |
| chemopreventive properties of indole-3-carbinol, diindolylmethane and other constituents of cardamom against carcinogenesis. | oxidative stress results from an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) and cell's own antioxidant defenses that in part lead to numerous carcinogenesis. several phytochemicals, derived from vegetables, fruits, herbs and spices, have demonstrated excellent chemopreventive properties against carcinogenesis by regulating the redox status of the cells during oxidative stress. i3c (indole-3-carbinol) and dim (diindolylmethane) are the phytochemicals that are found in all types ... | 2010 | 20653562 |
| comparative antioxidant activity study of some commonly used spices in bangladesh. | many spices have been shown to impart an antioxidative effect in foods. this study summarized the literature on the antioxidative effects of spices. the term spice is defined as dry plant material that is normally added to food to impart flavor. the methanolic crude extracts of allium sativum, coriandrum sativum, cuminum cyminum, zingiber officinale, cinnamomum verum, elettaria cardamomum and cinnamomum tamala were screened for their free radical scavenging properties using ascorbic acid as stan ... | 2010 | 20836290 |
| [intestinal helminths in the works of galen]. | galen was undoubtedly one of the most important physicians in antiquity. he left a voluminous work which was edited by numerous scholars. the most capacious edition was done by karl gottlob kühn between 1821 and 1833, which is, besides other more recent editions, the major source for this work. galen deals in his works with all aspects of medicine and with philosophy. the texts on intestinal helminths are spread over the whole works of galen and give a deep insight of the understanding of parasi ... | 2010 | 20924704 |
| optimized expression, solubilization and purification of nuclear inclusion protein b of cardamom mosaic virus. | all rna viruses encode an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) that is required for replication of the viral genome. nuclear inclusion b (nib) gene codes for the rdrp in potyviridae viruses. in this study, expression, solubilization and purification of nib protein of cardamom mosaic virus (cdmv) is reported. the objective of the present study was to express and purify the nib protein of cdmv on a large scale for structural characterization, as the structure of the rdrp from a plant virus is yet t ... | 2008 | 21086722 |
| antimicrobial activity of essential oil and various extracts of fruits of greater cardamom. | greater cardamom (amomum subulatum roxb. zingiberaceae) commonly known as "bari ilaichi" is a well known plant used in ayurvedic and unani medicine. it has been used for the treatment of various diseases and disorders like gastric ulcer. therefore antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether, methanol and aqueous extracts from leaves and roots, essential oil and isolated vasicine from a. vasica were tested against various microorganisms. antimicrobial activity was done by disc diffusion method. the ... | 2010 | 21695005 |
| Antioxidative effects of the spice cardamom against non-melanoma skin cancer by modulating nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and NF-?B signalling pathways. | The role of dietary factors in inhibiting or delaying the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been investigated for many years. Cardamom, which is a dietary phytoproduct, has been commonly used in cuisines for flavour and has numerous health benefits, such as improving digestion and stimulating metabolism and having antitumorigenic effects. We have investigated the efficacy of dietary cardamom against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced skin papillomatogenesis in Swiss a ... | 2011 | 22182368 |
| molecular modeling and conformational analysis of native and refolded viral genome-linked protein of cardamom mosaic virus. | the viral genome-linked protein (vpg) of potyviruses is covalently attached to the 5' end of the genomic rna. towards biophysical characterization, the vpg coding region of cardamom mosaic virus (cdmv) was amplified from the cdna and expressed in e. coli. most of the expressed vpg aggregated as inclusion bodies that were solubilized with urea and refolded with l-arginine hydrochloride. the various forms of cdmv vpg (native, denatured and refolded) were purified and the conformational variations ... | 2011 | 22165292 |
| anti-fungal activity of cold and hot water extracts of spices against fungal pathogens of roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa) in vitro. | crude extracts of seven spices, viz. cardamom, chilli, coriander, onion, garlic, ginger, and galangale were made using cold water and hot water extraction and they were tested for their anti-fungal effects against the three roselle pathogens i.e. phoma exigua, fusarium nygamai and rhizoctonia solani using the 'poisoned food technique'. all seven spices studied showed significant anti-fungal activity at three concentrations (10, 20 and 30% of the crude extract) in-vitro. the cold water extract of ... | 2012 | 22138549 |
| survey and rt-pcr based detection of cardamom mosaic virus affecting small cardamom in india. | mosaic or marble or katte disease caused by cardamom mosaic virus (cdmv) is an important production constraint in all cardamom growing regions of the world. in the present study, 84 cardamom plantations in 44 locations of karnataka and kerala were surveyed. the incidence of the disease ranged from 0 to 85%. the incidence was highest in madikeri (karnataka) while no incidence was recorded in peermade (kerala). in general, incidence and severity of the disease was higher in cardamom plantations of ... | 2011 | 23637495 |
| antimicrobial activity of the bioactive components of essential oils from pakistani spices against salmonella and other multi-drug resistant bacteria. | the main objective of this study was the phytochemical characterization of four indigenous essential oils obtained from spices and their antibacterial activities against the multidrug resistant clinical and soil isolates prevalent in pakistan, and atcc reference strains. | 2013 | 24119438 |
| bacterial communities of two parthenogenetic aphid species cocolonizing two host plants across the hawaiian islands. | aphids (hemiptera: aphididae) have been the focus of several studies with respect to their interactions with inherited symbionts, but bacterial communities of most aphid species are still poorly characterized. in this research, we used bar-coded pyrosequencing to characterize bacterial communities in aphids. specifically, we examined the diversity of bacteria in two obligately parthenogenetic aphid species (the melon aphid, aphis gossypii, and the cardamom aphid, pentalonia caladii) cocolonizing ... | 2011 | 21965398 |
| nine novel dna components associated with the foorkey disease of large cardamom: evidence of a distinct babuvirus species in nanoviridae. | foorkey disease is a serious constraint to the production of large cardamom (amomum subulatum, family zingiberaceae). the disease is characterized by profuse proliferation of excessive stunted shoots, which makes the clump totally unproductive. the disease has been known in india since 1936 but the complete genome of the virus had not yet been characterized. in a preliminary study, an associated virus tentatively named as cardamom bushy dwarf virus (cbdv) was identified based on the partial sequ ... | 2013 | 24091364 |
| essential oils modulate gene expression and ochratoxin a production in aspergillus carbonarius. | ochratoxin a (ota) is a mycotoxin, mainly produced on grapes by aspergillus carbonarius, that causes massive health problems for humans. this study aims to reduce the occurrence of ota by using the ten following essential oils (e.os): fennel, cardamom, anise, chamomile, celery, cinnamon, thyme, taramira, oregano and rosemary at 1 µl/ml and 5 µl/ml for each e.o.as a matter of fact, their effects on the ota production and the growth of a. carbonarius s402 cultures were evaluated, after four days a ... | 2016 | 27548221 |
| xerophilic aflatoxigenic black tea fungi and their inhibition by elettaria cardamomum and syzygium aromaticum extracts. | black tea is consumed worldwide and is believed to play a role in cancer prevention. xerophilic aflatoxigenic fungi are highly hazardous contaminants of tea since they are associated with tea quality impairment and human health risk. the present study reports isolation of such xerophilic and aflatoxigenic fungi associated with marketed tea. twenty different tea samples collected from the local markets of tamilnadu, india were investigated for fungal contamination. the results indicated contamina ... | 2011 | 23961151 |
| spices mycobiota and mycotoxins available in saudi arabia and their abilities to inhibit growth of some toxigenic fungi. | the prevalence and population density of the mycobiota of 50 samples belonging to 10 kinds of spices (anise, black pepper, red pepper, black cumin, peppermint, cardamom, clove, cumin, ginger and marjoram) which collected from different places in jeddah governorate were studied. the natural occurrence of mycotoxins in those samples was also investigated. fifteen genera and thirty - one species of fungi in addition to one species variety were isolated and identified during this study. the most com ... | 2007 | 24015069 |
| genetic diversity and recombination analysis in the coat protein gene of banana bract mosaic virus. | banana bract mosaic virus (bbrmv), a member of the genus potyvirus, family potyviridae, is the causal agent of the bract mosaic disease (bbrmd) that causes serious yield losses in banana and plantain in india and the philippines. in this study, global genetic diversity and molecular evolution of bbrmv based on the capsid protein (cp) gene were investigated. multiple alignments of cp gene of 49 bbrmv isolates showed nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) identity of 79-100 and 80-100 %, respectively ... | 2014 | 24691817 |
| detection of cardamom mosaic virus and banana bract mosaic virus in cardamom using sybr green based reverse transcription-quantitative pcr. | cardamom being perennial, propagated vegetatively, detecting viruses in planting material is important to check the spread of viruses through infected material. thus development of effective and sensitive assay for detection of viruses is need of the time. in this view, assay for the detection of cardamom mosaic virus (cdmv) and banana bract mosaic virus (bbrmv), infecting cardamom was developed using sybr green one step reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr). the rt-qpcr assay amplifi ... | 2014 | 24426323 |
| molecular modeling and in-silico engineering of cardamom mosaic virus coat protein for the presentation of immunogenic epitopes of leptospira lipl32. | expression of cardamom mosaic virus (cdmv) coat protein (cp) in e. coli forms virus-like particles. in this study, the structure of cdmv cp was predicted and used as a platform to display epitopes of the most abundant surface-associated protein, lipl32 of leptospira at c, n, and both the termini of cdmv cp. in silico, we have mapped sequential and conformational b-cell epitopes from the crystal structure of lipl32 of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni str. fiocruz l1-130 using iedb elipr ... | 2016 | 25692534 |
| highly efficient immunodiagnosis of large cardamom chirke virus using the polyclonal antiserum against escherichia coli expressed recombinant coat protein. | large cardamom chirke virus (lccv), genus macluravirus, family potyviridae is an important constrain in large cardamom production in india. purification of lccv from large cardamom tissues is difficult and therefore immunodiagnostic reagents are not available. in the present study, we have successfully expressed coat protein (cp) gene of lccv in escherichia coli. the purification of expressed protein by ni-nta affinity chromatography was inefficient due to precipitation of protein during renatur ... | 2013 | 24426280 |
| expression and immunological characterization of cardamom mosaic virus coat protein displaying hiv gp41 epitopes. | the coat protein of cardamom mosaic virus (cdmv), a member of the genus macluravirus, assembles into virus-like particles when expressed in an escherichia coli expression system. the n and c-termini of the coat protein were engineered with the kennedy peptide and the 2f5 and 4e10 epitopes of gp41 of hiv. the chimeric proteins reacted with sera from hiv positive persons and also stimulated secretion of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these persons. thus, a system based on the ... | 2013 | 23668610 |
| expression, purification and molecular modeling of the nia protease of cardamom mosaic virus. | the nia protease of potyviridae is the major viral protease that processes potyviral polyproteins. the nia protease coding region of cardamom mosaic virus (cdmv) is amplified from the viral cdna, cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. nia protease forms inclusion bodies in e.coli. the inclusion bodies are solubilized with 8 m urea, refolded and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. three-dimensional modeling of the cdmv nia protease is achieved by threading approac ... | 2013 | 22888800 |
| cardamom fruits as a green resource for facile synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles and their biological applications. | gold (fa-aunps) and silver (fa-agnps) nanoparticles were synthesized at room temperature by aqueous extract of dried fruits of amomum villosum, also known as fructus amomi (cardamom), in order to confer antioxidant, catalytic, antimicrobial activities and treatment effect against breast cancer cells. fruit extracts served as both reducing agents and stabilizers in lieu of chemical agents. ultra-violet visible (uv-vis) spectroscopy, field emission transmission electron microscopy (fe-tem), energy ... | 2017 | 28290213 |
| encapsulation of cardamom essential oil in chitosan nano-composites: in-vitro efficacy on antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens and cytotoxicity studies. | natural antimicrobial agents, particularly essential oils present an excellent alternative to current antibiotics due to their potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential, unique mechanisms of action and low tendency to induce resistance. however their potential as a viable therapeutic alternative is greatly compromised due to their hydrophobic and volatile nature. the objective of the current research was to explore the anti-pathogenic potential of essential oils in a bio-based nano-carri ... | 2016 | 27757108 |
| draft genome sequence of highly virulent race 4/biovar 3 of ralstonia solanacearum cars_mep causing bacterial wilt in zingiberaceae plants in india. | the genome of ralstonia solanacearum cars_mep, a race 4/biovar 3/phylotype i bacterium causing wilt in small cardamom and other zingiberaceae plants, was sequenced. analysis of the 5.7-mb genome sequence will aid in better understanding of the genetic determinants of host range, host jump, survival, pathogenicity, and virulence of race 4 of r. solanacearum. | 2017 | 28057749 |
| concise and informative title: evaluation of selected spices in extending shelf life of paneer. | black pepper, cardamom, cinnamon and clove were tested for their relative efficacy in improving shelf life of paneer. all the spices were incorporated in paneer @ 0 (control), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 % by wt. of expected yield of paneer. addition of black pepper, cardamom or clove at the rate of 0.6 % by weight or cinnamon at the rate of 0.4 % by weight was found to be acceptable. therefore, paneer was prepared by incorporating black pepper, cardamom and clove i.e. bp, ca and cl @ 0.6 % and c ... | 2015 | 25829584 |
| effect of heat treatment on the storage stability of low calorie milk drinks. | the study was undertaken to study the effect of heat treatment on the storage stability of cardamom flavoured low calorie milk drinks (cfds). the drinks prepared by replacing sugar with sucralose and adding inulin in milk of 0.5 % fat and 8.5 % milk solid-not-fat were subjected to pasteurization and sterilization and stored at refrigeration and room temperature, respectively. the stored samples were evaluated for changes in physico-chemical and sensory attributes at regular intervals. in pasteur ... | 2014 | 25190842 |
| cardamonin, a schistosomicidal chalcone from piper aduncum l. (piperaceae) that inhibits schistosoma mansoni atp diphosphohydrolase. | schistosomiasis is one of the world's major public health problems, and praziquantel (pzq) is the only available drug to treat this neglected disease with an urgent demand for new drugs. recent studies indicated that extracts from piper aduncum l. (piperaceae) are active against adult worms of schistosoma mansoni, the major etiological agent of human schistosomiasis. | 2015 | 26321741 |
| traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of menstrual disorders in district udhampur, j&k, india. | herbal remedies form an integral part of healing and are considered to be the oldest forms of health care known to mankind. the present study aims to document traditional phytoremedies for the treatment of menstrual disorders in udhampur district of j&k, india. | 2015 | 25479156 |
| a review of temperature, ph, and other factors that influence the survival of salmonella in mayonnaise and other raw egg products. | salmonellosis is one of the main causes of foodborne illnesses worldwide, with outbreaks predominately linked to contamination of eggs and raw egg products, such as mayonnaise. this review explores previous studies that have investigated salmonella control mechanisms utilized in the production of raw egg mayonnaise and other food products. apart from the use of pasteurized eggs, the main control mechanism identified is the ph of the raw egg products, which plays an important role in the consiste ... | 2016 | 27869756 |
| anti-oncogenic perspectives of spices/herbs: a comprehensive review. | contemporary nutrition regime has focused the attention of the researchers on phytochemicals enriched spices to mitigate various oncological threats. numerous chemopreventive strategies against malignancy have been developed considering the anticancer perspectives of allied nutraceutical constituents. current evidences have proven an inverse association of spices with that of oncological incidences. the high antioxidant activity of spices derived bioactives triggers the free radicals scavenging ... | 2013 | 27092039 |
| total and soluble oxalate content of some indian spices. | spices, such as cinnamon, cloves, cardamom, garlic, ginger, cumin, coriander and turmeric are used all over the world as flavouring and colouring ingredients in indian foods. previous studies have shown that spices contain variable amounts of total oxalates but there are few reports of soluble oxalate contents. in this study, the total, soluble and insoluble oxalate contents of ten different spices commonly used in indian cuisine were measured. total oxalate content ranged from 194 (nutmeg) to 4 ... | 2012 | 22492273 |
| toxicity of diafenthiuron to honey bees in laboratory, semi-field and field conditions. | cardamom, an important spice crop often attacked by many insect pests, is controlled mainly using synthetic insecticides. as honey bees play a vital role in pollination in cardamom, the impact of insecticides on honey bees needs to be explored to assess its safety. | 2010 | 20069631 |
| the roman and islamic spice trade: new archaeological evidence. | tropical spices have long been utilized in traditional medicine and cuisine. new archaeological evidence highlights temporal changes in the nature and scale of the ancient spice trade and in the ancient usage of these plants. furthermore, a study of their 'materiality' highlights that the impact of spices extends beyond their material properties. here the botanical remains of spices recovered from archaeological excavations at a port active in the roman and medieval islamic spice trade are evalu ... | 2015 | 25278182 |
| rhynchophorus ferrugineus midgut cell line to evaluate insecticidal potency of different plant essential oils. | cell cultures can be a potent and strong tool to evaluate the insecticidal efficiency of natural products. plant essential oils have long been used as the fragrance or curative products around the world which means that they are safer to be used in close proximity of humans and mammals. in this study, a midgut cell line, developed from rhynchophorus ferrugineus (rpw-1), was used for screening essential oils from nine different plants. assays revealed that higher cell mortality was observed at 50 ... | 2015 | 25381034 |
| efficacy of neem products and insecticides for the control of shoot fly formosina flavipes mall. of cardamom (elettaria cardamomum maton.). | experiments were conducted at zonal agricultural research station, mudigere, india, for two years with an objective to study the population fluctuation, seasonal incidence and evaluation of neem products and insecticides for their efficacy against cardamom shoot fly. during the study period, it was noticed that shoot fly population the increased during the dry months (march, may and october) but was low from june to september months. the population exhibited a negative correlation with rainfall, ... | 2006 | 17385516 |
| bovine milk usage and feeding practices for infants in india. | milk and dairy products from animal sources (cow's milk or buffalo's milk) are an important part of indian diet and its consumption starts at an early age. | 2012 | 22684180 |
| effect of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron and ginger consumption on blood pressure and a marker of endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial. | herbal medicines with high amounts of phytochemicals have been shown to have beneficial effects on blood pressure (bp), endothelial function and anthropometric measures. this study aimed to determine the effect of herbal treatment on bp, endothelial function and anthropometric measures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm). this clinical trial included 204 t2dm patients randomly assigned to four intervention groups receiving 3 g cinnamon, 3 g cardamom, 1 g saffron or 3 g ginger with t ... | 2016 | 26758574 |