| detection of two lectins in haemolymph from the oyster pinctada maxima. | two lectins were detected in haemolymph from the oyster pinctada maxima, a macromolecular (approximately 8 x 10(6) dalton) n-acetyl-galactosamine-binding lectin and a lower molecular weight (approximately 4 x 10(5) dalton) alpha-galactose-binding lectin. the macro-molecular lectin agglutinated human type a erythrocytes to a greater extent than human type b or o erythrocytes and was the major lectin detected in the haemolymph. the 4 x 10(5) dalton lectin agglutinated human type a, b and o erythro ... | 1985 | 3833187 |
| stimulation of bone marrow cells and bone formation by nacre: in vivo and in vitro studies. | there is frequently a loss of vertebral bone due to disease or aging. nacre (mother of pearl from the oyster pinctada maxima) stimulates bone cell differentiation and bone formation in vitro and in vivo. experimental bone defects were prepared in the vertebrae of sheep and used to test the suitability of nacre as an injectable osteogenic biomaterial for treating vertebral bone loss. twenty-one cavities were prepared in the first four upper lumbar vertebrae of 11 sheep and filled with nacre powde ... | 1999 | 10458284 |
| reducing effect of feeding powdered nacre of pinctada maxima on the visceral fat of rats. | an abdominal fat accumulation complicated by high blood triglycerides is regarded as a risk factor of metabolic syndrome. feeding powdered nacre, mother of pearl, from pinctada maxima, resulted in reduced body weight, visceral fat amount, and blood triglyceride level without influencing the food intake, body length, or amount of muscular tissue, suggesting that nacre powder specifically could decrease visceral fat. | 2008 | 18838791 |
| detection of minchinia occulta in samples of pearl oysters pinctada maxima infected by haplosporidium hinei. | to determine if juvenile pearl oysters (pinctada maxima) infected with haplosporidium hinei are also infected with another haplosporidian parasite, minchinia occulta. | 2009 | 19857233 |
| histopathology of oedema in pearl oysters pinctada maxima. | in october 2006, severe mortalities (80 to 100%) were reported in pearl oyster pinctada maxima production farms from exmouth gulf, western australia. only p. maxima were affected; other bivalves including black pearl oysters p. margaratifera remained healthy. initial investigations indicated that the mortality was due to an infectious process, although no disease agent has yet been identified. gross appearance of affected oysters showed mild oedema, retraction of the mantle, weakness and death. ... | 2010 | 20853743 |
| spatial analysis of biomineralization associated gene expression from the mantle organ of the pearl oyster pinctada maxima. | biomineralization is a process encompassing all mineral containing tissues produced within an organism. one of the most dynamic examples of this process is the formation of the mollusk shell, comprising a variety of crystal phases and microstructures. the organic component incorporated within the shell is said to dictate this architecture. however general understanding of how this process is achieved remains ambiguous. the mantle is a conserved organ involved in shell formation throughout mollus ... | 2011 | 21936921 |
| nacre initiates biomineralization by human osteoblasts maintained in vitro. | when nacreous shell produced by the marine oyster pinctada maxima, used as a biomaterial in oral surgery, is implanted in human bone, new bone formation occurs, resulting in a tight welding of the bone to the nacre [16]. these findings are consistent with the possibility that nacre adjacent to bone can locally stimulate osteogenic activity. to test this hypothesis, we have evaluated the effect of the simultaneous presence of bone and nacre on human osteoblasts in vitro. nacre chips (1 mm3) were ... | 1992 | 1458341 |
| haplosporidium sp. (haplosporidia) in hatchery-reared pearl oysters, pinctada maxima (jameson, 1901), in north western australia | a species of haplosporidium is described from 6 of 105 pearl oyster (pinctada maxima) spat from a hatchery at carnarvon in north western australia. presporulation and sporulation stages occurred in the connective tissue surrounding the digestive gland and were common in mantle connective tissue, but only light to moderate infections were observed in the heart, gills, foot, and adductor muscle. no stages were observed in epithelia, and the gut and diverticulae remained intact. ultrastructurally, ... | 1998 | 9446737 |
| spore ornamentation of haplosporidium hinei n. sp. (haplosporidia) in pearl oysters pinctada maxima (jameson, 1901). | an infection of pearl oysters, pinctada maxima, attributed to a haplosporidium sp. by hine and thorne (1998) has been detected on 3 occasions and is considered to represent a serious concern to the pearling industry in australia. the spore ornamentation of the parasite was determined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. spores of the parasite were pleomorphic, or elongated 3.5-4 microm x 2.5-3.0 microm in size. two filaments were wound around the spore and origin ... | 2008 | 18248686 |
| coupling proteomics and transcriptomics for the identification of novel and variant forms of mollusk shell proteins: a study with p. margaritifera. | shell matrix proteins from pinctada margaritifera were characterized by combining proteomics analysis of shell organic extracts and transcript sequences, both obtained from the shell-forming cell by using the suppression subtractive hybridization method (ssh) and from an expressed sequence tag (est) database available from pinctada maxima mantle tissue. some of the identified proteins were homologues to proteins reported in other mollusk shells, namely lysine-rich matrix proteins (krmps), shemat ... | 2011 | 21404418 |
| alveolar bone regeneration by implantation of nacre and b-tricalcium phosphate in guinea pig. | to investigate alveolar bone regeneration after nacre implantation in comparison to β-tricalcium phosphate (β-tcp) for the potential application to bone grafting. | 2012 | 22614846 |
| permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 may 2009-31 july 2009. | this article documents the addition of 512 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) sequencing primers to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: alcippe morrisonia morrisonia, bashania fangiana, bashania fargesii, chaetodon vagabundus, colletes floralis, coluber constrictor flaviventris, coptotermes gestroi, crotophaga major, cyprinella lutrensis, danaus plexippus, fagus grandifolia, falco tinnunculus, fle ... | 2009 | 21564933 |
| potential induction of bone regeneration by nacre: an in vitro study. | because of limitations of autogenous grafts, alternative bone substitute material was investigated for its capacity in promoting bone formation. this study compared the osteogenic effects of nacre (mother of pearl) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (ß-tcp). | 2011 | 21278525 |
| parallel evolution of nacre building gene sets in molluscs. | the capacity to biomineralize is closely linked to the rapid expansion of animal life during the early cambrian, with many skeletonized phyla first appearing in the fossil record at this time. the appearance of disparate molluscan forms during this period leaves open the possibility that shells evolved independently and in parallel in at least some groups. to test this proposition and gain insight into the evolution of structural genes that contribute to shell fabrication, we compared genes expr ... | 2010 | 19915030 |
| intracellular ciliated protozoal infection in silverlip pearl oysters, pinctada maxima (jameson, 1901). | the pathology associated with an intracellular ciliate infection in the digestive gland of pearl oysters pinctada maxima (jameson, 1901) is described. histopathological and transmission electron microscopic examination were used to characterise the organism and its location within host cells. the parasite is tear-drop shaped measuring 5.53 microm (range of 2.73-7.47 microm, n=9) in width and 11.15 microm (range of 9.02-16.2 microm) in length with a centrally located lobulated nucleus and a large ... | 2008 | 18768140 |
| population genetics of a marine bivalve, pinctada maxima, throughout the indo-australian archipelago shows differentiation and decreased diversity at range limits. | intraspecific genetic diversity governs the potential of species to prevail in the face of environmental or ecological challenges; therefore, its protection is critical. the indo-australian archipelago (iaa) is a significant reservoir of the world's marine biodiversity and a region of high conservation priority. yet, despite indications that the iaa may harbour greater intraspecific variation, multiple-locus genetic diversity data are limited. we investigated microsatellite dna variation in pinc ... | 2007 | 18028303 |
| effect of water soluble extract of nacre (pinctada maxima) on alkaline phosphatase activity and bcl-2 expression in primary cultured osteoblasts from neonatal rat calvaria. | the nacre (mother of pearl) layer of the oyster pinctada maxima shell can initiate bone formation by human osteoblasts in vivo and in vitro and is a new biomaterial that induces osteogenesis. this activity of nacre could be due to its water-soluble matrix. we examined the action of a water-soluble extract of nacre on the osteoblast phenotype of cells isolated from rat neonatal calvaria by measuring alkaline phosphatase (alp) activity and by localization of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 by imm ... | 2001 | 15348370 |
| [pinctada margaritifera nacre (mother-of-pearl): physico-chemical and biomechanical properties, and in vitro cytocompatibility]. | pinctada maxima nacre (mother-of-pearl) has been recently proposed as a bone substitute. the purpose of this work was to assess the in vitro cytocompatibility of pinctada margaritifera nacre and its physico-chemical and biomechanical properties. | 2003 | 12844038 |
| the water-soluble matrix fraction from the nacre of pinctada maxima produces earlier mineralization of mc3t3-e1 mouse pre-osteoblasts. | nacre or mother of pearl is a calcified structure that forms the lustrous inner layer of some shells. we studied the biological activity of the water-soluble matrix (wsm) extracted from powdered nacre from the shell of the pearl oyster, pinctada maxima, on the mc3t3-e1 pre-osteoblast cell line from mouse calvaria. this cell line has the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and to mineralize in the presence of beta-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid. cell proliferation and alkaline phosphata ... | 2003 | 12781967 |
| bioactivity of nacre water-soluble organic matrix from the bivalve mollusk pinctada maxima in three mammalian cell types: fibroblasts, bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts. | in vivo and in vitro studies provide strong evidence of the osteogenic activity of nacre obtained from pinctada maxima. the in vitro studies indicate that diffusible factors from nacre are involved in cell stimulation. the water-soluble matrix (wsm) was extracted from nacre by a non-decalcifying process, and four fractions (se(1)-se(4)) were separated by se-hplc. those fractions were tested in vitro on mrc5 fibroblasts. alkaline phosphatase (alp) activity was measured as a marker of osteoblastic ... | 2002 | 11997223 |
| comparative effects of nacre water-soluble matrix and dexamethasone on the alkaline phosphatase activity of mrc-5 fibroblasts. | in this study we demonstrate, for the first time, that dexamethasone and bmp-2 stimulated alkaline phosphatase (alp) activity in mrc-5 fibroblasts, a cell line derived from human fetal lung. previously we reported that the water-soluble matrix (wsm) of nacre obtained from the inner shell layer of the oyster pinctada maxima, promoted an increase in alp activity that was dose-dependent. in this work, we show that the effect of wsm is also time-dependent. as a comparison, the effect of wsm was also ... | 2001 | 11484195 |
| effect of water-soluble matrix fraction extracted from the nacre of pinctada maxima on the alkaline phosphatase activity of cultured fibroblasts. | a new approach to the isolation of the water-soluble factors from nacre without any demineralization is described and examined their effect on fibroblast cells in culture. the soluble matrix in pure water from the nacre of pinctada maxima was analysed by size-exclusion hplc. four fractions (se1-se4) of the water-soluble matrix (wsm) were further analysed by anion-exchange hplc. the amino acid composition of the wsm showed that it is mainly composed of glycine and alanine. se1 and se4 had differe ... | 2000 | 11144281 |
| stimulation of rat cutaneous fibroblasts and their synthetic activity by implants of powdered nacre (mother of pearl). | the components of the cutaneous envelope, the epidermis and the dermis, change in response to aging or environmental stress factors. the fibroblasts involved in maintaining skin tone are the main targets. nacre, mother of pearl, from pinctada maxima, which can stimulate and regulate bone forming cells, was implanted in the dermis of rats to test its action on the skin fibroblasts. this report describes the effect of nacre on the skin fibroblast recruitment and physiological activity. it resulted ... | 2000 | 10798323 |
| a survey of some parasites and diseases of several species of bivalve mollusc in northern western australia. | pteriid oysters (pinctada maxima, pinctada margaritifera, pinctada albina, pteria penguin), rock oysters (saccostrea glomerata, saccostrea cuccullata, saccostrea echinata) and representatives of other taxa (malleidae, isognomonidae, pinnidae, mytilidae, spondylidae, arcidae) from the wild, and 4670 hatchery-reared p. maxima, from northern and western australia, were examined for parasites and diseases. rickettsiales-like inclusions and metacestodes of tylocephalum occurred in most species. intra ... | 2000 | 10785864 |
| studies on rickettsia-like organism disease of the tropical marine pearl oyster i: the fine structure and morphogenesis of pinctada maxima pathogen rickettsia-like organism | the present paper reports for the first time the discovery of a rickettsia-like organism (rlo) in the cultured tropical marine pearl oyster pinctada maxima with mass mortality in the hainan province of china. this organism parasitizes the cytoplasm of host cells and forms intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions. these organisms are extremely pleiomorphic in shape and average 967 x 551 nm in size, as measured in cross sections of transmission electron micrographs. the organisms exhibit clearly r ... | 1999 | 10066396 |
| reconstruction of human maxillary defects with nacre powder: histological evidence for bone regeneration. | the defective areas in the premolar-molar region of maxillary alveolar bone of eight patients were reconstructed using powdered nacre from the giant oyster pinctada maxima. histological, microradiographic and polarized light studies of drill biopsies taken 6 months postoperatively showed that nacre was tightly bound to newly-formed bone. the nacre was gradually and centripetally biodissolved and replaced with immature and then mature lamellar bone. these results are in agreement with our previou ... | 1997 | 9183443 |