| species delineation using bayesian model-based assignment tests: a case study using chinese toad-headed agamas (genus phrynocephalus). | species are fundamental units in biology, yet much debate exists surrounding how we should delineate species in nature. species discovery now requires the use of separate, corroborating datasets to quantify independently evolving lineages and test species criteria. however, the complexity of the speciation process has ushered in a need to infuse studies with new tools capable of aiding in species delineation. we suggest that model-based assignment tests are one such tool. this method circumvents ... | 2010 | 20579368 |
| exploring the genetic basis of adaptation to high elevations in reptiles: a comparative transcriptome analysis of two toad-headed agamas (genus phrynocephalus). | high elevation adaptation offers an excellent study system to understand the genetic basis of adaptive evolution. we acquired transcriptome sequences of two closely related lizards, phrynocephalus przewalskii from low elevations and p. vlangalii from high elevations. within a phylogenetic framework, we compared their genomic data along with green anole, chicken and chinese softshell turtle, and identified candidate genes and functional categories that are potentially linked to adaptation to high ... | 2014 | 25386640 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the desert toad-headed agama, phrynocephalus przewalskii (reptilia, squamata, agamidae), a novel gene organization in vertebrate mtdna. | the mitogenome of the desert toad-headed agama, phrynocephalus przewalskii, was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), long-and-accurate pcr and directly sequenced by primer walking. the complete mitogenome was 16,892 bp in size and contained 13 protein-coding, 23 trna, and 2 rrna genes, and 1 control region. the mitogenome of the p. przewalskii was similar to those of other phrynocephalus sand lizards in gene arrangement and composition, except that trna-phe and trna-pro were exchange ... | 2015 | 24117191 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of grumgzimailo's toad-headed agama, phrynocephalus grumgrizimailoi (reptilia, squamata, agamidae). | polymerase chain reaction (pcr), long-and-accurate pcr and directly sequencing by primer walking was used to sequenced he complete mitochondrial genome sequence of grumgzimailo's toad- headed agama, phrynocephalus grumgrizimailoi. the genbank accession was km093859. there was 16,301 bp in length of the entire mitochondrial genome of p. grumgrizimailoi and the content of a, t, c, and g were 36.4%, 26.5%, 25.0% and 12.1%, respectively, that was similar to most vertebrate. the complete mitochondria ... | 2016 | 25208174 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of the color changeable toad-headed agama, phrynocephalus versicolor (reptilia, squamata, agamidae). | the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of color changeable toad-headed agama, phrynocephalus versicolor, was determined using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), long-and-accurate pcr and directly sequencing by primer walking. the entire mitochondrial genome of p. versicolor was 16,429 bp in length, the accession was kj749841 and the content of a, t, c, and g were 36.1%, 26.5%, 24.9% and 12.5%, respectively, which was similar to most vertebrate. the complete mitochondrial genome of p. versicolo ... | 2016 | 24989048 |
| social context affects tail displays by phrynocephalus vlangalii lizards from china. | competition between animals for limited resources often involves signaling to establish ownership or dominance. in some species, the defended resource relates to suitable thermal conditions and refuge from predators. this is particularly true of burrow-dwelling lizards such as the qinghai toad-headed agama (phrynocephalus vlangalii), which are found on the tibetan plateau of western china. male and female lizards occupy separate burrows, which are vital for anti-predator behaviour during warmer ... | 2016 | 27526625 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of phrynocephalus forsythii (reptilia, squamata, agamidae), a toad-headed agama endemic to the taklamakan desert. | the complete mitochondrial genome was sequenced from a viviparous toad-headed agama, phrynocephalus forsythii, which is endemic to the taklamakan desert. the mitogenome sequence was 17,542 bp in size, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, two rrna genes and a control region (d-loop). the gene arrangement and composition of p. forsythii is identical to the mitogenome of p. theobaldi in that trna-pro was translocated immediately downstream of trna-phe. the d-loop comprised two parts, ... | 2016 | 25600730 |
| phylogenetic relationships and subgeneric taxonomy of toad-headed agamas phrynocephalus (reptilia, squamata, agamidae) as determined by mitochondrial dna sequencing. | | 2014 | 24795187 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of secret toad-headed agama, phrynocephalus mystaceus (reptilia, squamata, agamidae). | the complete mitogenome sequence of a mystical lizard species phrynocephalus mystaceus was determined using polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced with a primer walking method. the complete mitogenome was 16,660 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, two rrna genes and a control region (d-loop). the gene arrangement and composition of p. mystaceus was similar to most other vertebrates, but the proline trna gene was translocated to be adjacent to trna-phe gene. ... | 2014 | 23488917 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of the yarkand toad-headed agama, phrynocephalus axillaris (reptilia, squamata, agamidae). | the complete mitochondrial genome of the yarkand toad-headed agama phrynocephalus axillaris, the first complete mitogenome from the genus phrynocephalus, was determined. the total length of this complete mitogenome is 17,937 bp, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rrna genes, 22 trna genes and 2 control regions (crs). the overall base composition of the h-strand is 36.4% a, 26.0% t, 25.4% c, and 12.3% g. the gene arrangement and composition of the mitogenome are similar to those of other agami ... | 2013 | 23327484 |
| [molecular differentiation and taxonomy of the sunwatcher toadheaded agama species complex phrynocephalus superspecies helioscopus (pallas, 1771) (reptilia: agamidae)]. | lizards of the sunwatcher toad-headed agama species complex phrynocephalus superspecies helioscopus, mostly distributed in middle asia and middle east, were examined using analysis of variation at the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit i gene fragment and fingerprint analysis of nuclear dna (inter-sine pcr technique). a total of 86 individual tissue samples from 53 populations, to the full extent representing different parts of the species complex range, were subjected to molecular genet ... | 2011 | 21938959 |
| comparison of phylogeographic structure and population history of two phrynocephalus species in the tarim basin and adjacent areas. | an aridification of the tarim basin and adjacent areas since middle pleistocene has produced significant genetic structuring of the local fauna. we examined the phylogeographic patterns, population structure and history of phrynocephalus axillaris and phrynocephalus forsythii using a mitochondrial fragment nd4-trna(leu). phylogenetic hypotheses were constructed using maximum parsimony and bayesian inference, and the divergence times of major lineages were estimated by beast. population structure ... | 2010 | 20955804 |
| [population genetic differentiation of phrynocephalus axillaris in east of xinjiang uygur autonomous region based on sequence variation of mitochondrial nd4-trnaleu gene]. | a 838 bp fragment of mtdna nd4-trnaleu gene was sequenced for 66 individuals from five populations (db: dabancheng, tu: turpan, ss: shanshan, hl: liushuquan, hd: east district of hami) of phrynocephalus axillaris distributed in east of xinjiang uygur autonomous region. seventeen haplotypes were identified from 29 nucleotide polymorphic sites in the aligned 838 bp sequence. excluding db, there were relatively high haplotype diversity [(0.600+/-0.113)</=h</=(0.922+/-0.012)] and low nucleotide dive ... | 2010 | 20740696 |
| molecular and morphological differentiation of secret toad-headed agama, phrynocephalus mystaceus, with the description of a new subspecies from iran (reptilia, agamidae). | the morphological and genetic variation of a wide-ranging secret toad-headed agama, phrynocephalus mystaceus that inhabits sand deserts of south-eastern europe, middle east, middle asia, and western china is reviewed. based on the morphological differences and high divergence in coi (mtdna) gene sequences a new subspecies of ph. mystaceus is described from khorasan razavi province in iran. partial sequences of coi mtdna gene of 31 specimens of ph. mystaceus from 17 localities from all major part ... | 2018 | 29674917 |
| cenozoic aridization in central eurasia shaped diversification of toad-headed agamas (phrynocephalus; agamidae, reptilia). | we hypothesize the phylogenetic relationships of the agamid genus phrynocephalus to assess how past environmental changes shaped the evolutionary and biogeographic history of these lizards and especially the impact of paleogeography and climatic factors. phrynocephalus is one of the most diverse and taxonomically confusing lizard genera. as a key element of palearctic deserts, it serves as a promising model for studies of historical biogeography and formation of arid habitats in eurasia. we used ... | 2018 | 29576991 |