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natural infection of aedes trivittatus (coq) with dirofilaria immitis in central iowa.juveniles identified as dirofilaria immitis were recovered from aedes trivittatus and anopheles punctipennis collected co2-baited cdc light traps in ames, iowa, during 10 days in july and august 1975. ae. trivittatus composed 58.7% of the mosquitoes collected, and d. immitis was recovered from 18 of 393 (4.6%) dissected and from 7 of 31 pools (911 mosquitoes; 0.77%). approximately 1.0% of the ae. trivittatus collected harbored infective-stage juveniles, and as many as 27 were recovered from a si ...19761263039
spatial and temporal distribution of resting female mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in the coastal plain of north carolina.the spatial and temporal distribution of 28 species of female mosquitoes resting in natural (swamp, woods, and swamp-woods ecotone) and human-made (beneath bridges) habitats in blackwater stream-associated ecosystems in duplin county, n.c., was determined by sampling with a d-vac vacuum aspirator during 1984 and 1985. two types of resting distributions were evident. in type one, species including aedes atlanticus dyar & knab, ae. canadensis (theobald), ae. triseriatus (say), and psorophora ferox ...19921353797
laboratory transmission of jamestown canyon and snowshoe hare viruses (bunyaviridae: california serogroup) by several species of mosquitoes.the ability of 14 species of mosquitoes to biologically transmit jamestown canyon virus was tested. four species not previously described as vectors of that virus transmitted to suckling mice. among membrane-fed mosquitoes with disseminated infections, field-collected aedes canadensis (1/3), anopheles punctipennis (1/12), coquillettidia perturbans (2/14) and a laboratory strain of ae. epactius (19/67) transmitted virus. two species were tested for their ability to transmit snowshoe hare virus: f ...19911675261
the isolation of spiroplasmas from mosquitoes in macon county, alabama.during the summer months of 1985, 1,298 adult mosquitoes comprising 21 species and 7 genera were collected in macon county, alabama. mosquitoes were collected from four sections of the county with co2-baited light traps. spiroplasma cultures were isolated from two pools of 24 and 25 aedes fulvus pallens, one pool of 22 anopheles punctipennis and one pool of 7 culex nigripalpus. electron microscopic studies of the isolates revealed helical, wall-less cells.19872904950
a survey of mosquitoes breeding in used tire stockpiles in connecticut.a larval survey of nine used tire disposal sites in connecticut, was conducted from june through october 1987. no larvae of aedes albopictus were uncovered indicating that this mosquito is not yet established in the state. however, eight other mosquito species in four genera were found. the most abundant and widely distributed species found breeding in permanent tire dumps were ae. atropalpus, ae. triseriatus and culex restuans. culex pipiens was the second most common culex species followed by ...19883199116
potential vectors of dirofilaria immitis in macon county, alabama.a study was conducted in macon county, alabama (east-central) during the mosquito breeding seasons of 1978 and 1979 to determine the potential vector(s) of dirofilaria immitis. live mosquitoes were collected with co2-baited, miniature light traps, and small hand aspirators. these mosquitoes were subsequently dissected to determine whether immature stages of the heartworm were present. specific communities were selected based on their having at least 4 known cases of d immitis infection present i ...19826129822
susceptibility of anopheles punctipennis and other florida mosquitoes to plasmodium berghei. 19846376750
field isolations of dirofilaria from mosquitoes in alabama.field collections of mosquitoes were made april-september 1977 and 1978 in the immediate vicinity of a hunting-dog kennel where the dogs had a chronic history of heartworm infection. among 19 mosquito species taken in light-trap collections, only aedes sticticus, ae. vexans, and anopheles punctipennis were found infected with what were presumed to be d. immitis larvae. based on natural infection rates and the relative abundance of these three host species, an. punctipennis and ae. sticticus appe ...19807365629
response of iowa mosquito populations to unusual precipitation patterns as measured by new jersey light trap collections.new jersey light trap data from 1993, a year with unusually high amounts of precipitation, and 1994 were compared with mean light trap counts for the previous 8-10 years in each of 6 locations. the study took place in iowa. in 1993, aedes trivittatus and culex tarsalis populations were unchanged. anopheles punctipennis and culex pipiens complex populations were significantly higher, and aedes vexans populations increased in all 6 sites, significantly so in 2 sites. species composition was unchan ...19957595446
records of mosquito-parasitic mermithid nematodes in the northcentral united states.mermithid parasites (nematoda: mermithidae) were observed in 11 mosquito species in 22 counties of indiana, michigan, minnesota, ohio and wisconsin. natural hosts included adult aedes vexans, ae. canadensis, ae. cinereus, ae. diantaeus, ae. punctor, anopheles punctipennis and coquillettidia perturbans and larvae of ae. abserratus, ae. canadensis, ae. cinereus, ae. communis, ae. diantaeus, ae. provocans, ae. punctor, ae. stimulans and cq. perturbans. these are the first records of such parasites ...19937902415
isolations of potosi virus from mosquitoes collected in the united states, 1989-94.potosi (pot) virus, a recently characterized bunyamwera serogroup virus, was discovered when it was isolated from aedes albopictus collected at a waste-tire site in potosi, washington county, missouri, during 1989. during the following year, pot virus was not isolated from 39,048 mosquitoes, including 17,519 ae. albopictus, collected in washington county. in 1991, mosquito collections from south carolina, ohio, and michigan yielded 8 strains of pot virus: 6 from coquillettidia perturbans and one ...19968723251
seasonal occurrence and abundance of aedes triseriatus and other mosquitoes in a la crosse virus-endemic area in western north carolina.the species composition and population abundance of mosquitoes were investigated from may to november in 1989 and 1990 on the cherokee indian reservation, an area of western north carolina endemic for transmission of la crosse (lac) virus. mosquitoes representing 6 genera and 13 species were collected. aedes triseriatus was the most abundant species collected, comprising over 98% of mosquitoes collected by ovitrapping and co2-baited suction trapping, and 88% of resting adults collected by vacuum ...19968827591
laboratory and field plot bioassay of bacillus sphaericus against arkansas mosquito species.bacillus sphaericus was evaluated in laboratory bioassays against larvae of 7 arkansas mosquito species and in rice field plots against a single mosquito species. laboratory-tested species included aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, ae. vexans, anopheles punctipennis, culex quinquefasciatus, cx. restuans, and psorophora columbiae. field plot bioassays were evaluated against ps. columbiae only. the laboratory formulation tested demonstrated activity against all 7 species. mortalities were observed at ...19968827596
vector competence of mosquitoes (diptera:culicidae) from massachusetts for a sympatric isolate of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus.we tested susceptibility to per os infection and potential salivary transmission for eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus in aedes canadensis (theobald), aedes vexans (meigen), anopheles quadrimaculatus (say), anopheles punctipennis (say), coquillettidia perturbans (walker), and culex salinarius (coquillett). culiseta melanura (coquillett), the documented enzootic vector of eee virus, was our control. based on these estimates of laboratory vector competence and other behavioral and ecolo ...19979151501
field trials of vectolex cg, a bacillus sphaericus larvicide, in illinois waste tires and catch basins.the susceptibilities of aedes triseriatus (say), anopheles punctipennis (say), culex restuans (theobald), and culex pipiens (l.) larvae to vectolex cg were determined. vectolex, formulated on corncob granules (10-14 mesh) was applied to 2 tire dumps and numerous catch basins located in east-central illinois. vectolex, formulated as effervescent tablets, was also applied to catch basins. in a sunlit dump, there was a 99.6% reduction in ae. triseriatus, cx. restuans, and cx. pipiens larvae as long ...19979474554
application of geographic information technology in determining risk of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus transmission.geographic information system (gis) technology and remote sensing were used to identify landscape features determining risk of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eee) transmission as defined by the abundance of culiseta melanura (the enzootic vector) and 6 putative epidemic-epizootic vectors in massachusetts. landsat thematic mapper data combined with aerial videography data were used to generate a map of landscape elements at epidemic-epizootic foci in southeastern massachusetts. geographi ...200010757488
meconial peritrophic membranes and the fate of midgut bacteria during mosquito (diptera: culicidae) metamorphosis.the location of midgut bacteria relative to meconial peritrophic membranes (mpms) and changes in bacterial numbers during midgut metamorphosis were studied in anopheles punctipennis (say), culex pipiens (l.), and aedes aegypti (l.) pupae and newly emerged adults. after adult emergence in aedes, anopheles, and most culex, there were few to no bacteria in the midgut. in most newly emerged adult mosquitoes, few bacteria were found in either the lumen or within the mpms/meconia. in a few culex speci ...200111268687
spatial and temporal variation in the mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) inhabiting waste tires in nicholas county, west virginia.larvae of 12 mosquito species were collected from abandoned tire piles at peridomestic and forested sites in nicholas county, wv, from march through november of 2001. no larvae were found in march, but the numbers of species increased to 10 by july and remained relatively constant, at 9-11 in any given month, throughout november. larvae of ochlerotatus triseriatus (say), the most commonly encountered species in every month of collection, were significantly more likely to be found in forested tir ...200312597656
comparison of blood smear, antigen detection, and nested-pcr methods for screening refugees from regions where malaria is endemic after a malaria outbreak in quebec, canada.the importation of malaria into a region where it is not endemic raises many concerns, including the timely delivery of appropriate care, safety of the blood supply, and the risk of autochthonous transmission. there is presently no consensus on the best way to screen mobile populations for malaria. between august 2000 and march 2001, 535 refugees arrived in quebec, canada, from tanzanian camps. within 4 weeks of resettlement of the first group of 224, the mcgill university centre for tropical di ...200415184454
toward the incrimination of epidemic vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in massachusetts: abundance of mosquito populations at epidemic foci.putative epidemic/epizootic eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eee) vector populations were compared at 15 recent (1982-90) human and horse case sites in bristol and plymouth counties in southeastern massachusetts. carbon dioxide-baited american biophysics corporation light traps were used for trapping adult mosquitoes to estimate biting risk in these foci of known transmission. population data suggest that coquillettidia perturbans, aedes canadensis, and culex salinarius are more likely ve ...199910612612
west nile virus and high death rate in american crows.we document effects of west nile virus (wnv) on american crows. more than two thirds of our crows died of wnv infection, peaking when the proportion of infected mosquitoes at roosts was greatest. wnv antibody prevalence in crows was low. local ecologic effects can be dramatic as wnv inhabits new areas.200415200865
mosquito surveillance for west nile virus in southeastern wisconsin--2002.in 2001, west nile virus (wnv) was identified among dead american crows and bluejays in five counties in southeastern wisconsin. in response to the introduction of wnv, a pilot mosquito surveillance program was initiated in these five southeastern wisconsin counties during the summer of 2002. forty sites were selected for surveillance one night each week during a 17-week period. mosquitoes were collected in carbon dioxide-baited light traps and gravid traps. during the study period 31,419 mosqui ...200315931283
first collection of anopheles (anopheles) punctipennis (say) on oahu, hawaii: implications for the potential introduction of west nile virus.a single adult female of anopheles (anopheles) punctipennis (say) was collected in a new jersey light trap in the port area of honolulu, oahu, hi, on december 8, 2003. this is the 1st record of a wild-collected, intact anopheles mosquito, and the 1st detection of an. punctipennis in the hawaiian islands. extensive larval surveillance and additional light trapping in the area of the collection site indicate that populations of this species have not become established on oahu. the distribution of ...200516033127
isolations of potosi virus from mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) collected in connecticut.potosi virus (potv) (bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) was first isolated from aedes albopictus (skuse) collected in potosi, mo, in 1989, and subsequent isolations were reported from illinois, michigan, ohio, and the carolinas. to determine whether the distribution of this virus extends into the northeastern united states, we analyzed arboviruses acquired from mosquitoes collected in connecticut from 1998 to 2004. in 2001, a bunyavirus was isolated from aedes vexans (meigen) that was different from ...200516363172
occurrence of tire inhabiting mosquito larvae in different geographic regions of west virginia.eleven species of mosquito larvae were collected in 568 collection visits to 209 abandoned tire pile sites in 33 west virginia counties from april through october of 2003. ochlerotatus j. japonicus supplanted the native oc. triseriatus as the most common tire-colonizing species in the state. in general, the exotic oc. j. japonicus was a better colonizer of tires than oc. triseriatus in peridomestic, sunlit conditions throughout the state, whereas both species were equally likely to colonize tire ...200516506562
malaria mosquito control using edible fish in western kenya: preliminary findings of a controlled study.biological control methods are once again being given much research focus for malaria vector control. this is largely due to the emerging threat of strong resistance to pesticides. larvivorous fish have been used for over 100 years in mosquito control and many species have proved effective. in the western kenyan highlands the larvivorous fish oreochromis niloticus l. (perciformes: cichlidae) (formerly tilapia nilotica) is commonly farmed and eaten but has not been previously tested in the field ...200717688686
west nile virus infection in mosquitoes, birds, horses, and humans, staten island, new york, 2000.west nile (wn) virus transmission in the united states during 2000 was most intense on staten island, new york, where 10 neurologic illnesses among humans and 2 among horses occurred. wn virus was isolated from aedes vexans, culex pipiens, cx. salinarius, ochlerotatus triseriatus, and psorophora ferox, and wn viral rna was detected in anopheles punctipennis. an elevated weekly minimum infection rate (mir) for cx. pipiens and increased dead bird density were present for 2 weeks before the first h ...200111589172
combined sewage overflows (cso) are major urban breeding sites for culex quinquefasciatus in atlanta, georgia.a longitudinal study of mosquito ecology in tanyard creek, an urban stream in atlanta, ga, that receives combined storm and waste water effluent from the atlanta combined sewage overflow system, was undertaken in 2006. culex quinquefasciatus was the dominant species found, but culex restuans was also abundant during the spring with limited numbers of culex nigripalpis and anopheles punctipennis also collected. significant differences in mosquito densities were found with greater densities associ ...200717827363
west nile virus surveillance and diagnostics: a canadian perspective.a surveillance program has been in place since 2000 to detect the presence of west nile virus (wnv) in canada. serological assays are most appropriate when monitoring for human disease and undertaking case investigations. genomic amplification procedures are more commonly used for testing animal and mosquito specimens collected as part of ongoing surveillance efforts. the incursion of wnv into this country was documented for the first time in 2001 when wnv was demonstrated in 12 ontario health u ...200318159433
isolations of jamestown canyon virus (bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) from field-collected mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in connecticut, usa: a ten-year analysis, 1997-2006.jamestown canyon virus (jcv) (bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) is a mosquito-borne zoonosis belonging to the california serogroup. it has a wide geographic distribution, occurring throughout much of temperate north america. white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus are the principal amplification hosts, and boreal aedes and ochlerotatus mosquitoes are the primary vectors. a 10-year study was undertaken to identify potential mosquito vectors in connecticut, quantify seasonal prevalence rates of inf ...200818386967
arbovirus surveillance in south carolina, 1996-98.arboviruses isolated and identified from mosquitoes in south carolina (usa) are described, including new state records for eastern equine encephalitis virus (eee), st. louis encephalitis virus (sle), flanders virus, tensaw virus (ten), and a variant of jamestown canyon virus (jc). mosquitoes were collected at 52 locations in 30 of 46 south carolina counties beginning in june 1996, and ending in october 1998, and tested for arboviruses. of 1,329 mosquito pools tested by virus isolation (85,806 mo ...200111345423
tires as habitats for mosquitoes: a review of studies within the eastern united states.discarded vehicle tires are a common habitat for a variety of container mosquito species. i reviewed the literature from the last 50 yr on mosquitoes collected within tires in the eastern united states with four objectives: to examine the historical and contemporary issues of tires as a habitat for mosquitoes, to identify tire-inhabiting species, to summarize findings from studies that focused on biotic and abiotic characteristics of tires, and to offer future directions to aid our understanding ...200818714856
a duplex real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of california serogroup and cache valley viruses.a duplex taqman real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for the detection of california (cal) serogroup viruses and cache valley virus (cvv), for use in human surveillance. the targets selected for the assay were the sequences encoding the nucleocapsid protein of cal and the g1 glycoprotein of cvv. conserved regions were selected by aligning genetic sequences from various strains available in the genbank database. primers and probes were selected in co ...200919748425
epidemiology of west nile virus in connecticut: a five-year analysis of mosquito data 1999-2003.two hundred and ten isolations of west nile virus (wnv) were obtained from 17 mosquito species in six genera in statewide surveillance conducted in connecticut from june through october, 1999-2003. culex pipiens (86), culex salinarius (32), culex restuans (26), culiseta melanura (32), and aedes vexans (12) were implicated as the most likely vectors of wnv in the region based on virus isolation data. culex pipiens was abundant from july through september and is likely involved in early season enz ...200415682518
identification of bloodmeals in anopheles quadrimaculatus and anopheles punctipennis from eastern equine encephalitis virus foci in northeastern u.s.a.the host-feeding patterns of anopheles quadrimaculatus say and anopheles punctipennis (say) were examined in order to evaluate their potential contributions to the transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) and other arboviruses in the northeastern u.s.a. engorged mosquitoes of the two species were collected from eeev foci in central new york (ny) and throughout new jersey (nj), and their bloodmeals were identified using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay and sequencing ...200919941600
strain theory of malaria: the first 50 years.from the 1920s to the 1970s, a large body of principles and evidence accumulated about the existence and character of 'strains' among the plasmodium species responsible for human malaria. an extensive research literature examined the degree to which strains were autonomous, stable biological entities, distinguishable by clinical, epidemiological or other features, and how this knowledge could be used to benefit medical and public health practice. strain theory in this era was based largely on pa ...200818486688
blood feeding patterns of mosquitoes: random or structured?abstract:201020205866
the efficacy of the bg-sentinel co2 nozzle in collecting host-seeking mosquitoes in fairfax county, virginia.this study determined whether the addition of a co2 nozzle made specifically for the bg-sentinel trap increased the efficacy of collecting host-seeking mosquitoes, particularly aedes albopictus and culex spp., which includes cx. pipiens, cx. restuans, and occasionally cx. salinarius in fairfax county, va. twenty bg-sentinel traps were incorporated into the fairfax county west nile virus (wnv) surveillance program: 10 traps were randomly selected each week to have the nozzle attached, and the rem ...201020649135
detection of dirofilaria immitis (nematoda: filarioidea) by polymerase chain reaction in aedes albopictus, anopheles punctipennis, and anopheles crucians (diptera: culicidae) from georgia, usa.potential mosquito vectors of dirofilaria immitis (leidy) (nematoda: filarioidea), the causative agent of dog heartworm in the southeastern region of the united states, were collected with cdc light traps and gravid traps in seven counties in the state of georgia, usa. the presence of d. immitis in these mosquitoes was detected by polymerase chain reaction using species-specific primers for the d. immitis surface or cuticular antigen. overall, 1,574 mosquitoes of 13 species in seven genera were ...201020695279
eastern equine encephalitis virus in mosquitoes and their role as bridge vectors.eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) is maintained in an enzootic cycle involving culiseta melanura mosquitoes and avian hosts. other mosquito species that feed opportunistically on mammals have been incriminated as bridge vectors to humans and horses. to evaluate the capacity of these mosquitoes to acquire, replicate, and potentially transmit eeev, we estimated the infection prevalence and virus titers in mosquitoes collected in connecticut, usa, by cell culture, plaque titration, and quant ...201021122215
why are anopheline mosquitoes not present in the seychelles?species of anopheline mosquitoes are largely distributed over emerged lands around the world and, within the tropics, few areas are without these insects, which are vectors of malaria parasites. among the exceptions is the seychelles archipelago in the western indian ocean. however, in the aldabra island group, located in the extreme western portion of the archipelago, anopheles gambiae s.l. was introduced, leading to massive proliferation and then elimination, with the most recent autochthonous ...201121303530
winter biology of wetland mosquitoes at a focus of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus transmission in alabama, usa.at temperate latitudes, vectors and pathogens must possess biological mechanisms for coping with cold temperatures and surviving from one transmission season to the next. mosquitoes that overwinter in the adult stage have been proposed as winter maintenance hosts for certain arboviruses. in the cases of west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus) and st. louis encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus), discovery of infected overwintering females lends support to this ...201121936314
notes on the life history of anopheles punctipennis and on the egg-laying of culex pipiens. 190117737039
host associations of mosquitoes at eastern equine encephalitis virus foci in connecticut, usa.eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) is a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne arbovirus, with active transmission foci in freshwater hardwood swamps in eastern north america, where enzootic transmission is maintained between the ornithophilic mosquito, culiseta melanura, and wild passerine birds. the role of other locally abundant mosquito species in virus transmission and their associations with vertebrate hosts as sources of blood meals within these foci are largely unknown but are of importa ...201627577939
insights into the recent emergence and expansion of eastern equine encephalitis virus in a new focus in the northern new england usa.eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eeev) causes a highly pathogenic zoonosis that circulates in an enzootic cycle involving the ornithophagic mosquito, culiseta melanura, and wild passerine birds in freshwater hardwood swamps in the northeastern u.s. epidemic/epizootic transmission to humans/equines typically occurs towards the end of the transmission season and is generally assumed to be mediated by locally abundant and contiguous mammalophagic "bridge vector" mosquitoes.201526453283
vector-host interactions of culiseta melanura in a focus of eastern equine encephalitis virus activity in southeastern virginia.eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) causes a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne zoonosis that is responsible for sporadic outbreaks of severe illness in humans and equines in the eastern usa. culiseta (cs.) melanura is the primary vector of eeev in most geographic regions but its feeding patterns on specific avian and mammalian hosts are largely unknown in the mid-atlantic region. the objectives of our study were to: 1) identify avian hosts of cs. melanura and evaluate their potential role in ...201526327226
ecology of culiseta melanura and other mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from walton county, fl, during winter period 2013-2014.winter ecology of putative vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (eeev) in northern florida was investigated at field locations with evidence of historic eeev winter transmission. light traps and resting shelters were used to sample the mosquito community in the vicinity of eight sentinel flocks throughout the winter period (november-april) of 2013 and 2014 in walton county, fl. overall mosquito activity was relatively low, although mosquitoes were captured during each week of the st ...201526336227
an epizootic of eastern equine encephalitis virus, maine, usa in 2009: outbreak description and entomological studies.from july to september, 2009, an outbreak of eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) occurred in five counties in maine. the virus was isolated from 15 horses, 1 llama, and pheasants in three separate captive flocks. one wild turkey, screened before translocation, also showed exposure to the virus in january 2010. two pools of culiseta melanura (coquillett) tested positive for eeev during routine seasonal surveillance in york county in september, but none of the mosquitoes collected during rapi ...201223208877
experiments on the development of malaria parasites in three american species of anopheles.since a knowledge of the susceptibility of any species of anopheles to infection with malaria parasites is of great importance in determining its part in the transmission of malaria, the experiments reported here were undertaken, and included the three most prevalent species of this genus occurring in the united states. as a result of these experiments anopheles punctipennis is shown to be an efficient host of the organisms of tertian and estivo-autumnal malaria, anopheles crucians of estivo-aut ...191619868018
environmental correlates of abundances of mosquito species and stages in discarded vehicle tires.discarded vehicle tires are a common habitat for container mosquito larvae, although the environmental factors that may control their presence or abundance within a tire are largely unknown. we sampled discarded vehicle tires in six sites located within four counties of central illinois during the spring and summer of 2006 to determine associations between a suite of environmental factors and community composition of container mosquitoes. our goal was to find patterns of association between envi ...201020180308
aedes japonicus japonicus and associated woodland species attracted to centers for disease control and prevention miniature light traps baited with carbon dioxide and the traptech mosquito lure.twelve reported mosquito attractants, alone or in combination, and 3 different types of traps were evaluated under field conditions for their attractiveness to host-seeking and oviposition-seeking female aedes japonicus japonicus and associated woodland species in windsor, ct, in 2010 and 2011. this study highlights the effectiveness of combining co2 with the traptech mosquito lure in a centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) miniature light trap for collection of ae. j. japonicus and a ...201223833898
discovery of flavivirus-derived endogenous viral elements in anopheles mosquito genomes supports the existence of anopheles-associated insect-specific flaviviruses.the flavivirus genus encompasses several arboviruses of public health significance such as dengue, yellow fever, and zika viruses. it also includes insect-specific flaviviruses (isfs) that are only capable of infecting insect hosts. the vast majority of mosquito-infecting flaviviruses have been associated with mosquito species of the aedes and culex genera in the culicinae subfamily, which also includes most arbovirus vectors. mosquitoes of the anophelinae subfamily are not considered significan ...201728078104
predicting the mosquito species and vertebrate species involved in the theoretical transmission of rift valley fever virus in the united states.rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is a mosquito-borne virus in the family bunyaviridiae that has spread throughout continental africa to madagascar and the arabian peninsula. the establishment of rvfv in north america would have serious consequences for human and animal health in addition to a significant economic impact on the livestock industry. published and unpublished data on rvfv vector competence, vertebrate host competence, and mosquito feeding patterns from the united states were combined ...201425211133
community ecology of container mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in virginia following invasion by aedes japonicus.the success of an invasive species in a new region depends on its interactions with ecologically similar resident species. invasions by disease vector mosquitoes are important as they may have ecological and epidemiological consequences. potential interactions of a recent invasive mosquito, aedes japonicus theobald, with resident species in virginia were evaluated by sampling larvae from containers and trapping adults. distinct species compositions were observed for artificial containers and roc ...023270159
modeling occurrence of urban mosquitos based on land use types and meteorological factors in korea.mosquitoes are a public health concern because they are vectors of pathogen, which cause human-related diseases. it is well known that the occurrence of mosquitoes is highly influenced by meteorological conditions (e.g., temperature and precipitation) and land use, but there are insufficient studies quantifying their impacts. therefore, three analytical methods were applied to determine the relationships between urban mosquito occurrence, land use type, and meteorological factors: cluster analys ...201526492260
blood feeding patterns of potential arbovirus vectors of the genus culex targeting ectothermic hosts.reptiles and amphibians constitute a significant portion of vertebrate biomass in terrestrial ecosystems and may be important arbovirus reservoirs. to investigate mosquito preference for ectothermic hosts, feeding indices were calculated from data collected in tuskegee national forest, alabama, usa. four mosquito species fed upon ectothermic hosts, with culex peccator and cx. territans feeding primarily upon ectotherms. these two species appeared to target distinct species with little overlap in ...018981528
invasion biology of aedes japonicus japonicus (diptera: culicidae).aedes japonicus japonicus (theobald) (diptera: culicidae) has recently expanded beyond its native range of japan and korea into large parts of north america and central europe. population genetic studies begun immediately after the species was detected in north america revealed genetically distinct introductions that subsequently merged, likely contributing to the successful expansion. interactions, particularly in the larval stage, with other known disease vectors give this invasive subspecies ...024397520
forecasting united states heartworm dirofilaria immitis prevalence in dogs.this paper forecasts next year's canine heartworm prevalence in the united states from 16 climate, geographic and societal factors. the forecast's construction and an assessment of its performance are described.201627724981
vector contact rates on eastern bluebird nestlings do not indicate west nile virus transmission in henrico county, virginia, usa.sensitive indicators of spatial and temporal variation in vector-host contact rates are critical to understanding the transmission and eventual prevention of arboviruses such as west nile virus (wnv). monitoring vector contact rates on particularly susceptible and perhaps more exposed avian nestlings may provide an advanced indication of local wnv amplification. to test this hypothesis we monitored wnv infection and vector contact rates among nestlings occupying nest boxes (primarily eastern blu ...201324287858
bionomics and vector potential of culex thriambus (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes in lake county, california.california statewide west nile virus (wnv) minimum infection rates in culex thriambus dyar mosquitoes are high; however, few specimens are submitted and tested each year, as their distribution seems limited to larval habitats along riparian systems. to evaluate the role of cx. thriambus in the amplification, maintenance, and overwintering of wnv in lake county, ca, the bionomics and vector potential of the species was investigated during 2014 and 2015. culex thriambus was the most abundant mosqu ...201627493251
cemeteries are effective sites for monitoring la crosse virus (lacv) and these environments may play a role in lacv infection.la crosse encephalitis (lac) is the leading arboviral disease among children, and was previously limited to the upper midwest. in 2012 nine pediatric cases of lac occurred in eastern tennessee, including one fatal case. in an attempt to identify sites near an active lacv infection and describe the abundance and distribution of potential lacv vectors near a fatal lac case in the appalachian region, we initiated an end of season study using a combination of questing and oviposition mosquito traps ...201525860584
review article: research on dengue during world war ii revisited.much of the basic clinical information about dengue infection comes from experimental human studies conducted in the 1920s and 1940s. albert sabin's original laboratory records from one such study were bequeathed to duane j. gubler. these records were reviewed and 150 experiments were included in our analyses. persons were inoculated with dengue virus 1 (denv-1) and denv-2. median fever duration was shorter in primary denv-2 infections compared with denv-1, although maximum temperature and sever ...201425311700
spatial-temporal analysis of cache valley virus (bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) infection in anopheline and culicine mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in the northeastern united states, 1997-2012.cache valley virus (cvv) is a mosquito-borne bunyavirus (family bunyaviridae, genus orthobunyavirus) that is enzootic throughout much of north and central america. white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) have been incriminated as important reservoir and amplification hosts. cvv has been found in a diverse array of mosquito species, but the principal vectors are unknown. a 16-year study was undertaken to identify the primary mosquito vectors in connecticut, quantify seasonal prevalence rates o ...025325321
ecophysiology of anopheles gambiae s.l.: persistence in the sahel.the dry-season biology of malaria vectors is poorly understood, especially in arid environments when no surface waters are available for several months, such as during the dry season in the sahel. here we reappraise results on the dry-season physiology of members of the anopheles gambiae s.l. complex in the broad context of dormancy in insects and especially in mosquitoes. we examine evidence on seasonal changes in reproduction, metabolism, stress tolerance, nutrition, molecular regulation, and ...201424933461
factors influencing u.s. canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) prevalence.this paper examines the individual factors that influence prevalence rates of canine heartworm in the contiguous united states. a data set provided by the companion animal parasite council, which contains county-by-county results of over nine million heartworm tests conducted during 2011 and 2012, is analyzed for predictive structure. the goal is to identify the factors that are important in predicting high canine heartworm prevalence rates.201424906567
diversity of mosquitoes and the aquatic insects associated with their oviposition sites along the pacific coast of mexico.the abundance, richness and diversity of mosquitoes and aquatic insects associated with their oviposition sites were surveyed along eight states of the pacific coast of mexico. diversity was estimated using the shannon index (h'), similarity measures and cluster analysis.201424450800
key factors influencing canine heartworm, dirofilaria immitis, in the united states.an examination of the companion animal parasite council's (capc) canine heartworm data to clarify the spatial prevalence of heartworm in the united states. factors thought to influence the spatial risk of disease, as identified in a recent capc workshop, are discussed.201223111089
decapitation improves detection of wolbachia pipientis (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) in culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes by the polymerase chain reaction.polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is often used to detect microorganisms, pathogens, or both, including the reproductive parasite wolbachia pipientis (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), in mosquitoes. natural populations of culex pipiens l. (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes are infected with one or more strains of w. pipientis, and crosses between mosquitoes harboring different wolbachia strains provide one of the best-known examples of cytoplasmic incompatibililty (ci). when we used pcr to monitor wo ...023025192
assessing the use of diurnal resting shelters by culiseta melanura (diptera: culicidae).twenty resting shelters were set on the edge of a known culiseta breeding habitat in four groups of five to support a 4 x 4 latin square field experiment. collection times were 0900, 1100, 1300, and 1500 hours and systematically rotated for the order by which each group of five boxes was collected. mosquitoes were collected from resting shelters by chloroform anesthetization. collections were identified to species, sex, and physiological status of the females (nonblooded or blood-fed and gravid) ...021845953
evidence for pleistocene population divergence and expansion of anopheles albimanus in southern central america.the micro-geographic structure of anopheles albimanus was studied in southern central america using partial sequences of the mtdna cytochrome oxidase subunit i gene (coi). analysis of molecular variance supported significant genetic structure between populations from costa rica and western panama versus those from central-eastern panama (phi(ct) = 0.33), whereas the within group divergence was shallow and statistically insignificant (phi(st) = 0.08). furthermore, a statistical parsimony network ...020065014
notes on the occurrence and habitat of anopheles punctipennis and anopheles maculipennis in the valley of the androscoggin. 019971445
complete genome sequence of spiroplasma cantharicola cc-1t (dsm 21588), a bacterium isolated from soldier beetle (cantharis carolinus).spiroplasma cantharicola cc-1(t) (dsm 21588) was isolated from the gut of a soldier beetle (cantharis carolinus) collected in maryland, usa. here, we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium to facilitate the investigation of its biology.201526494686
an. gambiae gsg6-p1 evaluation as a proxy for human-vector contact in the americas: a pilot study.during blood meal, the female mosquito injects saliva able to elicit an immune response in the vertebrate. this immune response has been proven to reflect the intensity of exposure to mosquito bites and risk of infection for vector transmitted pathogens such as malaria. the peptide gsg6-p1 of an. gambiae saliva has been demonstrated to be antigenic and highly specific to anopheles as a genus. however, the applicability of gsg6-p1 to measure exposure to different anopheles species endemic in the ...201526464073
hidden in plain sight: cryptic and endemic malaria parasites in north american white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus).malaria parasites of the genus plasmodium are diverse in mammal hosts, infecting five mammalian orders in the old world, but were long considered absent from the diverse deer family (cervidae) and from new world mammals. there was a description of a plasmodium parasite infecting a single splenectomized white-tailed deer (wtd; odocoileus virginianus) in 1967 but none have been reported since, which has proven a challenge to our understanding of malaria parasite biogeography. using both microscopy ...201626989785
prevalence of dirofilaria immitis (nematoda: filarioidea) in mosquitoes from northeast arkansas, the united states.a mosquito survey was conducted to identify which species of mosquitoes carry dirofilaria immitis (leidy) (nematoda: filarioidea), dog heartworm, in northeast arkansas. using polymerase chain reaction, mosquitoes were analyzed for d. immitis, dirofilaria repens railliet & henry, and acanthocheilonema dracunculoides cobbold. mosquitoes were collected from april to october 2009 using black light ultraviolet traps baited with dry ice. sixteen mosquito species were identified. d. immitis was identif ...201323926787
larval survey of tire-breeding mosquitoes in alabama.a state-wide survey of tire-breeding mosquitoes in alabama was conducted in 2004 and 2005. tire sites in all 67 counties in the state of alabama were sampled for mosquito larvae. a total of 13,022 mosquito larvae, representing 12 species in 7 genera, was collected. the most frequently collected species were aedes albopictus (70.4%), culex territans (8.0%), and ochlerotatus triseriatus (7.1%). the following species were also collected: cx. restuans (6.0%), cx. salinarius (2.7%), orthopodomyia sig ...200617304924
comparative morphology of the pyloric armature of adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae).the structure of the pyloric armature, hypothesized to aid in blood-meal digestion or parasite resistance, was compared quantitatively among the following 8 species in 5 genera of adult mosquitoes from the southeastern united states: aedes albopictus, aedes japonicus, aedes triseriatus, anopheles punctipennis, culex pipiens s.l., culex restuans, orthopodomyia signifera, and toxorhynchites rutilus. females differed significantly among species in the structure of spines composing the armature, wit ...201222548826
blood-feeding ecology of mosquitoes in zoos.to determine if the unique host assemblages in zoos influence blood-feeding by mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae), a sampling programme was conducted in greenville and riverbanks zoos, south carolina, u.s.a., from april 2009 to october 2010. a total of 4355 female mosquitoes of 14 species were collected, of which 106 individuals of nine species were blood-fed. the most common taxa were aedes albopictus (skuse), aedes triseriatus (say), anopheles punctipennis (say), culex erraticus (dyar & knab), cu ...201222390304
evaluation of the mosquito magnet pro trap with and without 1-octen-3-ol for collecting aedes albopictus and other urban mosquitoes.during the summer of 2004, 3 field studies were performed to evaluate the mosquito magnet pro trap with and without 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) in enhancing collections of aedes albopictus (skuse). at field site 1, 1,501 ae. albopictus were collected, with 89% collected with octenol. at field site 2, 570 ae. albopictus were collected, with 86% collected with octenol. aedes albopictus collections were significantly enhanced in both preliminary field trials 1 and 2 (p < 0.03). there was a 3-fold increa ...200717847844
phylogeny of nearctic members of the anopheles maculipennis species group derived from the d2 variable region of 28s ribosomal rna.phylogenetic affinities among taxa associated with the nearctic component of the anopheles maculipennis species group (subgenus anopheles) were inferred from sequence divergence in the d2 variable region of 28s ribosomal rna. the base composition of this region had a marked gc bias which ranged from 59.9% in anopheles walkeri to 65.1% in anopheles punctipennis e. although over two-thirds of the base positions in the d2 region were double-stranded (stem), substitution frequencies at single-strand ...19968899722
asynapsis of the salivary chromosomes of hybrids between anopheles punctipennis and anopheles freeborni. 196314097734
anopheles maculipennis meigen and anopheles punctipennis say from north dakota. 194117809180
evidence of seasonal eggs in anopheles punctipennis (diptera: culicidae).anopheles punctipennis (say), collected in october from resting sites in illinois, deposited two morphologically distinct types of egg batches. one type was similar to the seasonal "winter" egg of anopheles walkeri theobald, with an extensive exochorion that covered all except the tip of the egg. laboratory rearing of isofemale lines, under two different light-dark and temperature cycles, demonstrated that both types of eggs were intraspecific variants. f1 females from all "winter" egg batches d ...19921495082
esterase polymorphism in a natural population of anopheles punctipennis, genetic analysis of the esterase e system. 20094791747
a comparative study of the effects of selective inhibitors on esterase isozymes from the mosquito anopheles punctipennis. 19734123528
hybridization between two species of mosquitoes. anopheles punctipennis say and anopheles perplexens ludlow. 20035075899
overwintering of anopheles punctipennis (diptera: culicidae) in california. 19705435815
salivary gland chromosomes of anopheles punctipennis. 200714134077
observations on ovarian development and fat accumulation in anopheles quadrimaculatus and anopheles punctipennis. 194918142532
anopheles quadrimaculatus and anopheles punctipennis in salt water. 192017790090
the role of anopheles punctipennis say in the transmission of malaria. 191517813983
notes on the occurrence of anopheles punctipennis and a. quadrimaculatus in the boston suburbs. 190119971351
lake vera revisited: parity and survival rates of anopheles punctipennis at the site of a malaria outbreak in the sierra nevada foothills of california.parity and survival rates of anopheles punctipennis were studied at the site of a 1952 outbreak of malaria in the sierra nevada foothills of california with the purpose of estimating blood feeding frequency and survivorship of such populations. anopheles punctipennis was the dominant species in landing collections conducted for 20 consecutive nights in august and september 1990. the mean parity rate of an. punctipennis was 0.82. the gonotrophic cycle was estimated to last three days based on tim ...19989790435
effects of local geographic barriers and latitude on population structure in anopheles punctipennis (diptera: culicidae).we sampled anopheles punctipennis (say) from 11 localities throughout vermont to examine the effects of latitude and two local geographical boundaries, lake champlain and the green mountains, on the population genetic structure of this species. thirty-five mitochondrial haplotypes were detected in 104 individuals using a variable region of the coi gene. when latitude was examined, we detected significant structure within localities and among localities within latitudinal regions. for geographic ...200011004790
a checklist of the mosquitoes of indiana with notes on the cryptic species complexes anopheles quadrimaculatus s.l. and anopheles punctipennis.the checklist of the mosquito species reported to occur in the state of indiana is updated to include a number of new records and new classifications. specimens of the cryptic species complex anopheles quadrimaculatus s.1. are identified as an. quadrimaculatus s.s., and specimens of an. punctipennis are identified as the eastern form of the species.200818939701
discovery of an aedes (stegomyia) albopictus population and first records of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti in canada.a population of aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae), a vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and zika and west nile viruses, has been detected in windsor, ontario, canada from 2016 onwards. here, we describe its seasonal distribution, as well as the various aquatic habitats from which this species was collected and its larval co-habitation. we collected immatures from tires, treeholes, extruded polystyrene foam containers, discarded plastic cups, old recycling bins a ...201931566765
geospatial analysis and seasonal distribution of west nile virus vectors (diptera: culicidae) in southern ontario, canada.the purpose of this study was to establish geospatial and seasonal distributions of west nile virus vectors in southern ontario, canada using historical surveillance data from 2002 to 2014. we set out to produce mosquito abundance prediction surfaces for each of ontario's thirteen west nile virus vectors. we also set out to determine whether elevation and proximity to conservation areas and provincial parks, wetlands, and population centres could be used to improve our model. our results indicat ...201829597256
twenty years of surveillance for eastern equine encephalitis virus in mosquitoes in new york state from 1993 to 2012.the year 1971 was the first time in new york state (nys) that eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) was identified in mosquitoes, in culiseta melanura and culiseta morsitans. at that time, state and county health departments began surveillance for eeev in mosquitoes.201829941031
seasonal distribution, blood-feeding habits, and viruses of mosquitoes in an open-faced quarry in connecticut, 2010 and 2011.seasonal abundance of mosquitoes, their viruses, and blood-feeding habits were determined at an open-faced quarry in north branford, ct, in 2010 and 2011. this unique habitat had not previously been sampled for mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses. thirty species of mosquitoes were identified from 41,719 specimens collected. coquillettidia perturbans, aedes trivittatus, and ae. vexans were the most abundant species and represented 34.5%, 17.7%, and 14.8% of the totals, respectively. jamestown c ...201831442119
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