| isolation and characterization of acid- and al-tolerant microorganisms. | acid- and aluminum (al)-tolerant microorganisms were isolated from tea fields, from which six strains were selected and identified as cryptococcus humicola, rhodotorula glutinis, aspergillus flavus link, penicillium sp., penicillium janthinellum biourge and trichoderma asperellum. they were tolerant to al up to 100-200 mm and could grow at low ph, 2.5-2.2. in a glucose medium (ph 3.5) the ph of the spent medium decreased to below 3.0. the toxic inorganic monomeric al in the spent medium decrease ... | 2000 | 10930728 |
| expression regulation of the endochitinase chit36 from trichoderma asperellum (t. harzianum t-203). | the presence of the endochitinase chit36 from trichoderma harzianum tm was assessed in several antagonistic trichoderma strains belonging to different molecular taxonomic groups. chit37 from t. harzianum cect 2413 was sequenced and found to display 89% homology with chit36 at the amino acid level. northern analysis showed that chit36y from t. asperellum is regulated both by glucose and nitrogen levels. stress conditions, colloidal chitin and n-acetyl-glucosamine are effective inducers of this ge ... | 2002 | 12478390 |
| purification and characterization of an exo-beta-1,3-glucanase produced by trichoderma asperellum. | trichoderma asperellum produces at least two extracellular beta-1,3-glucanases upon induction with cell walls from rhizoctonia solani. a beta-1,3-glucanase was purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. a typical procedure provided 35.7-fold purification with 9.5% yield. the molecular mass of the purified exo-beta-1,3-glucanases was 83.1 kda as estimated using a 12% (w/v) sds-electrophoresis slab gel. the enzyme was only active toward glucans containing beta-1,3-linkages and hyd ... | 2003 | 12594027 |
| genetic and metabolic diversity of trichoderma: a case study on south-east asian isolates. | we have used isolates of trichoderma spp. collected in south-east asia, including taiwan and western indonesia, to assess the genetic and metabolic diversity of endemic species of trichoderma. ninety-six strains were isolated in total, and identified at the species level by analysis of morphological and biochemical characters (biolog system), and by sequence analysis of their internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (its1 and 2) of the rdna cluster, using ex-type strains and taxonomically est ... | 2003 | 12684020 |
| the influence of fungicides on the growth of trichoderma asperellum. | numbers of strains of trichoderma asperellum are known as biological control agents of certain root pathogens of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum). the restricted use of fungicides is sometimes useful in combination with these biological control agents. therefore some experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth of t. asperellum in the presence of fungicides as previcur (active substance propamocarb) and sumico (with the active substance carbendazim and diethofencarb). the influence of these ... | 2002 | 12701435 |
| concomitant induction of systemic resistance to pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in cucumber by trichoderma asperellum (t-203) and accumulation of phytoalexins. | most studies on the reduction of disease incidence in soil treated with trichoderma asperellum have focused on microbial interactions rather than on plant responses. this study presents conclusive evidence for the induction of a systemic response against angular leaf spot of cucumber (pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans) following application of t. asperellum to the root system. to ascertain that t. asperellum was the only microorganism present in the root milieu, plants were grown in an aseptic ... | 2003 | 14660384 |
| regulation of two homodimer hexosaminidases in the mycoparasitic fungus trichoderma asperellum by glucosamine. | trichoderma asperellum is a mycoparasitic fungus which is used as a biocontrol agent against plant pathogens. its hydrolytic enzymes take part in its parasitic interaction, degrading the pathogen cell wall and thereby helping to control disease. one of those enzymes, beta- n-acetyl- d-glucosaminidase (glcnacase), degrades chitin, which is a major component of the cell wall of many plant-pathogenic fungi. two glcnacases of t. asperellum t203, designated exc1y and exc2y, were purified, their genes ... | 2004 | 14685768 |
| an immunological approach to quantifying the saprotrophic growth dynamics of trichoderma species during antagonistic interactions with rhizoctonia solani in a soil-less mix. | studies of the saprotrophic growth dynamics of trichoderma species and their fungal hosts during antagonistic interactions are severely hampered by the absence of methods that allow the unambiguous identification and quantification of individual genera in complex environments such as soil or compost containing mixed populations of fungi. furthermore, methods are required that allow discrimination between active hyphal growth and other components of fungal biomass such as quiescent spores that ar ... | 2004 | 15008811 |
| isolation of two aspartyl proteases from trichoderma asperellum expressed during colonization of cucumber roots. | trichoderma asperellum and cucumber seedlings were used as a model to study the modulation of trichoderma gene expression during plant root colonization. seedlings were grown in an aseptic hydroponics medium and inoculated with trichoderma spore suspension. proteins differentially secreted into the medium were isolated. three major proteins of fungal origin were identified: two arabinofuranosidases (abf1 and abf2) and an aspartyl protease. differential mrna display was conducted on trichoderma m ... | 2004 | 15336416 |
| unexpected distribution of immobilized microorganisms within alginate beads. | immobilization refers to the prevention of free cell movement by natural or artificial means. it has always been assumed that immediately after an immobilization procedure is performed, cells are distributed homogeneously in the beads that entrap them. however, in this study, escherichia coli and trichoderma asperellum distribution in alginate-gel beads was found to be nonhomogeneous. in fact, there was a greater presence of cells on the surface of the alginate beads than in their cores. | 2004 | 15472925 |
| expression of an alpha-1,3-glucanase during mycoparasitic interaction of trichoderma asperellum. | trichoderma species have been investigated as biological control agents for over 70 years owing to their ability to antagonize plant pathogenic fungi. mycoparasitism, one of the main mechanisms involved in the antagonistic activity of trichoderma strains, depends on the secretion of complex mixtures of hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade the host cell wall. the antifungal activity of an alpha-1,3-glucanase (ec 3.2.1.59, enzymes able to degrade alpha-1,3-glucans and also named mutanases) has been ... | 2005 | 15654887 |
| trichoderma biodiversity in china: evidence for a north to south distribution of species in east asia. | towards assessing the biodiversity and biogeography of trichoderma, we have analyzed the occurrence of trichoderma species in soil and litter from four areas in china: north (hebei province), south-east (zhejiang province), west (himalayan, tibet) and south-west (yunnan province). one hundred and thirty five isolates were grouped according to tentative morphological identification. a representative 64 isolates were verified at the species level by the oligonucleotide barcode program tricho key v ... | 2005 | 16165315 |
| trichoderma mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling is involved in induction of plant systemic resistance. | the role of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) tmka in inducing systemic resistance in cucumber against the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. lacrymans was investigated by using tmka loss-of-function mutants of trichoderma virens. in an assay where trichoderma spores were germinated in proximity to cucumber roots, the mutants were able to colonize the plant roots as effectively as the wild-type strain but failed to induce full systemic resistance against the leaf pathogen. inter ... | 2005 | 16204544 |
| isolation and characterisation of a partial peptide synthetase gene from trichoderma asperellum. | many species of trichoderma have attracted interest as agents for the biological control of soil borne fungal pathogens of a range of crop plants. research on the biochemical mechanisms associated with this application has focused on the ability of these fungi to produce enzymes which lyse fungal cell walls, and antifungal antibiotics. an important group of the latter are the non-ribosomal peptides called peptaibols. in this study trichoderma asperellum, a strain used in biological control in ma ... | 2005 | 16214297 |
| simultaneous quantitative lc-esi-ms/ms analyses of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in crude extracts of cucumis sativus under biotic stress. | salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja) are plant hormones involved in basal resistance against plant pathogens and also in induced resistance. the aim of this study is to develop a fast and sensitive method to determine simultaneously the levels of both these hormones. the present paper proposes a method that includes hormone extraction with meoh-h(2)o-hoac (90:9:1, v/v), evaporation of the extracts, and injection into the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometr ... | 2006 | 16403544 |
| characterization of a mitogen-activated protein kinase gene from cucumber required for trichoderma-conferred plant resistance. | the fungal biocontrol agent trichoderma asperellum has been recently shown to induce systemic resistance in plants through a mechanism that employs jasmonic acid and ethylene signal transduction pathways. mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) proteins have been implicated in the signal transduction of a wide variety of plant stress responses. here we report the identification and characterization of a trichoderma-induced mapk (tipk) gene function in cucumber (cucumis sativus). similar to its h ... | 2006 | 16950863 |
| generation, annotation, and analysis of ests from four different trichoderma strains grown under conditions related to biocontrol. | the functional genomics project "trichoest" was developed focused on different taxonomic groups of trichoderma with biocontrol potential. four cdna libraries were constructed, using similar growth conditions, from four different trichoderma strains: trichoderma longibrachiatum t52, trichoderma asperellum t53, trichoderma virens t59, and trichoderma sp. t78. in this study, we present the analysis of the 8,160 expressed sequence tags (ests) generated. each est library was independently assembled a ... | 2007 | 17333173 |
| response surface methodology study of the combined effects of temperature, ph, and aw on the growth rate of trichoderma asperellum. | to evaluate the influence of environmental parameters (water activity aw, temperature, and ph) on the radial growth rate of trichoderma asperellum (strains pr10, pr11, pr12, and 659-7), an antagonist of phytophthora megakarya, the causal agent of cocoa black pod disease. | 2007 | 17897186 |
| proteome, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid changes in cucumber plants inoculated with trichoderma asperellum strain t34. | trichoderma spp. is one of the most commonly used biological control agents against plant pathogens. this fungus produces changes in plant metabolism, thus increasing growth and enhancing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. however, its modes of action remain to be defined. in the first hours of interaction between cucumber plant roots and trichoderma asperellum strain t34, salicylic and jasmonic acid levels and typical antipathogenic peroxidase activity increase in the cotyledons to diff ... | 2007 | 17902191 |
| role of swollenin, an expansin-like protein from trichoderma, in plant root colonization. | swollenin, a protein first characterized in the saprophytic fungus trichoderma reesei, contains an n-terminal carbohydrate-binding module family 1 domain (cbd) with cellulose-binding function and a c-terminal expansin-like domain. this protein was identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry among many other cellulolytic proteins secreted in the coculture hydroponics medium of cucumber (cucumis sativus) seedlings and trichoderma asperellum, a well-known biocontrol agent and inducer of p ... | 2008 | 18400936 |
| expression analysis of the exo-beta-1,3-glucanase from the mycoparasitic fungus trichoderma asperellum. | the regulation of the gene encoding the extracellular exo-beta-1,3-glucanase (tag83) produced by the mycoparasite trichoderma asperellum was studied. enzyme activity was detected in all carbon sources, but the highest levels were found when starch and purified cell walls from rhizoctonia solani were used. these results are supported by the appearance of one strong band with enzyme activity in non-denaturing page. experiments using rt-pcr showed that exo-beta-1,3-glucanase induction in t. asperel ... | 2010 | 18804353 |
| the production and characterisation of trichotoxin peptaibols, by trichoderma asperellum. | trichoderma spp. are regularly found as a constituent of the mycoflora of many soils and are noted for their antagonistic activity against bacteria and other fungi. this latter property is the basis for the widespread interest in their use in the biological control of soil-borne fungal plant pathogens. this antagonism is partly based on their ability to produce an impressive inventory of secondary metabolites. an important group of bioactive metabolites produced by trichoderma spp. are the non-r ... | 2008 | 18816522 |
| involvement of jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling pathway in the systemic resistance induced in cucumber by trichoderma asperellum t203. | abstract trichoderma spp. are effective biocontrol agents for a number of soilborne plant pathogens, and some are also known for their ability to enhance plant growth. it was recently suggested that trichoderma also affects induced systemic resistance (isr) mechanism in plants. analysis of signal molecules involved in defense mechanisms and application of specific inhibitors indicated the involvement of jasmonic acid and ethylene in the protective effect conferred by trichoderma spp. against the ... | 2005 | 18943839 |
| myb72, a node of convergence in induced systemic resistance triggered by a fungal and a bacterial beneficial microbe. | colonisation of plant roots by selected beneficial trichoderma fungi or pseudomonas bacteria can result in the activation of a systemic defence response that is effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. in arabidopsis thaliana, induced systemic resistance (isr) triggered by the rhizobacterial strain pseudomonas fluorescens wcs417r is regulated by a jasmonic acid- and ethylene-dependent defence signalling pathway. jasmonic acid and ethylene also play a role in trichoderma-induced resistanc ... | 2009 | 19121118 |
| living fungi cells encapsulated in polyelectrolyte shells doped with metal nanoparticles. | we report the layer-by-layer coating of living fungi cells (saccharomyces cerevisiae and trichoderma asperellum) with polyelectrolytes poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) and bovine serum albumin/dna and citrate-stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles. it was found that the nanoparticles were effectively incorporated between oppositely charged polyelectrolyte layers, modifying the topography and the roughness of cell walls. the formation of large aggregates of nanopart ... | 2009 | 19239251 |
| genetic and metabolic biodiversity of trichoderma from colombia and adjacent neotropic regions. | the genus trichoderma has been studied for production of enzymes and other metabolites, as well as for exploitation as effective biological control agents. the biodiversity of trichoderma has seen relatively limited study over much of the neotropical region. in the current study we assess the biodiversity of 183 isolates from mexico, guatemala, panama, ecuador, peru, brazil and colombia, using morphological, metabolic and genetic approaches. a comparatively high diversity of species was found, c ... | 2009 | 19439189 |
| asperelines a-f, peptaibols from the marine-derived fungus trichoderma asperellum. | fermentation of the marine-derived fungus trichoderma asperellum, collected from the sediment of the antarctic penguin island, resulted in the isolation of six new peptaibols named asperelines a-f (1-6), which are characterized by an acetylated n-terminus and a c-terminus containing an uncommon prolinol residue. structures were determined by extensive 1d and 2d nmr ((1)h-(1)h cosy, hmqc, hmbc, noesy) spectroscopic data analysis combined with esims/ms fragmentation. the absolute configurations of ... | 2009 | 19514743 |
| trichoderma asperellum strain t34 controls fusarium wilt disease in tomato plants in soilless culture through competition for iron. | trichoderma asperellum strain t34 has been reported to control the disease caused by fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (fol) on tomato plants. to study the importance of iron concentration in the growth media for the activity and competitiveness of t34 and the pathogen, we tested four iron concentrations in the nutrient solution [1, 10, 100, and 1000 microm provided as edta/fe(iii)] in a biological control experiment with t34 and fol in tomato plants. the reduction of the fusarium-infected sh ... | 2010 | 19536588 |
| synthetic ultrashort cationic lipopeptides induce systemic plant defense responses against bacterial and fungal pathogens. | a new family of synthetic, membrane-active, ultrashort lipopeptides composed of only four amino acids linked to fatty acids was tested for the ability to induce systemic resistance and defense responses in plants. we found that two peptides wherein the third residue is a d-enantiomer (italic), c16-kkkk and c16-kllk, can induce medium alkalinization of tobacco suspension-cultured cells and expression of defense-related genes in cucumber and arabidopsis seedlings. moreover, these compounds can pri ... | 2009 | 19542326 |
| characterization of acc deaminase from the biocontrol and plant growth-promoting agent trichoderma asperellum t203. | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase activity was evaluated in the biocontrol and plant growth-promoting fungus trichoderma asperellum t203. fungal cultures grown with acc as the sole nitrogen source showed high enzymatic activity. the enzyme encoding gene (tas-acds) was isolated, and an average 3.5-fold induction of the gene by 3 mm acc was detected by real-time pcr. escherichia coli bacteria carrying the intron-free cdna of tas-acds cloned into the vector palter-ex1 under the cont ... | 2010 | 20148973 |
| bioaccumulation and biovolatilisation of pentavalent arsenic by penicillin janthinellum, fusarium oxysporum and trichoderma asperellum under laboratory conditions. | some fungi are able to control and remediate arsenic (as)-contaminated soil, sediment, or water. here, we investigate potential accumulation and volatilisation of as by three fungi strains. results indicated that the highest level of as was accumulated by penicillin janthinellum with 39.54 μg after 10 days in the culture system amended with 2,500 μg as(v), which represents 50 mg/l as. fusarium oxysporum showed the highest amount of volatilised as with 304.06 μg after 15 days. the as content in t ... | 2010 | 20155358 |
| expressed sequence tags-based identification of genes in a biocontrol strain trichoderma asperellum. | trichoderma asperellum, a filamentous soil fungus, is an effective biocontrol agent against many fungal plant pathogenic species. in the present study, we investigated the biological control properties of the strain t. asperellum t4. t. asperellum fermentation products significantly decreased the ability of rhizoctonia solani and sclerotinia sclerotiorum to infect rice and soybean, respectively. to further elucidate the biocontrol mechanisms of t. asperellum at the molecular level, a cdna librar ... | 2010 | 20195770 |
| tashyd1, a new hydrophobin gene from the biocontrol agent trichoderma asperellum, is involved in plant root colonization. | summary a hydrophobin-like clone (tashyd1) was isolated during a pcr differential mrna display analysis conducted on trichoderma asperellum mycelia interacting with plant roots. the open reading frame encodes a 145-amino-acid protein showing similarity to pbhyd1, a class i hydrophobin from the dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. tashyd1 expression was detected in planta up to 5 days after trichoderma root inoculation. tashyd1 is constitutively expressed at low levels in mycelia in yo ... | 2006 | 20507444 |
| trichoderma asperellum sensu lato consists of two cryptic species. | analysis of a worldwide collection of strains of trichoderma asperellum sensu lato using multilocus genealogies of four genomic regions (tef1, rpb2, act, its1, 2 and 5.8s rrna), sequence polymorphism-derived (spd) markers, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) of the proteome and classical mycological techniques revealed two morphologically cryptic sister species within t. asperellum, t. asperellum, t. asperelloides sp. nov. and a third close ... | 2010 | 20648760 |
| [high arsenic-tolerant fungi: their isolation and tolerant ability]. | a total of thirteen fungal strains with higher arsenic (as)-tolerance ability were isolated from six as-contaminated soil samples collected from the mining areas of shimen county and chenz-hou city in hunan province. among the strains isolated, penicillin janthinellum, fusarium oxysporum, and trichoderma asperellum had the highest as-tolerance ability, based on the morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis. culture experiment showed that on the solid plates with 30,000, 30,000, and ... | 2010 | 21443013 |
| systemic resistance induced in arabidopsis thaliana by trichoderma asperellum skt-1, a microbial pesticide of seedborne diseases of rice. | background: trichoderma asperellum skt-1 is a microbial pesticide of seedborne diseases of rice. to investigate the mechanisms of disease suppression in skt-1, the ability to induce systemic resistance by skt-1, or its cell-free culture filtrate (cf), was tested using arabidopsis thaliana col-0 plants. results: both skt-1 and its cf elicit an induced systemic resistance against the bacterial leaf speck pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 in col-0 plants. involvement of plant hormones ... | 2011 | 21674754 |
| tolerance and biosorption of copper (cu) and lead (pb) by filamentous fungi isolated from a freshwater ecosystem. | filamentous fungi are able to accumulate significant amount of metals from their environment. the potential of fungal biomass as agents for biosorption of heavy metals from contaminated sediments is currently receiving attention. in the present study, a total of 41 isolates of filamentous fungi obtained from the sediment of the langat river, selangor, malaysia were screened for their tolerance and uptake capability of copper (cu) and lead (pb). the isolates were identified as aspergillus niger, ... | 2011 | 21790056 |
| potential fungal inhibition by immobilized hydrolytic enzymes from trichoderma asperellum. | the use of cell wall degrading enzymes from trichoderma asperellum immobilized on biodegradable support is an alternative for food packaging. in this study, hydrolytic enzymes produced by t. asperellum were tested as a fungal growth inhibitor, in free form or immobilized on a biodegradable film composed of cassava starch and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephtalate) (pbat). the inhibitory activity was tested against aspergillus niger , penicillium sp., and sclerotinia sclerotiorum , microorganisms ... | 2011 | 21726085 |
| quantitative investigation of non-hydrolytic disruptive activity on crystalline cellulose and application to recombinant swollenin. | for the efficient degradation and bioconversion of cellulosic biomass, it is important to efficiently disrupt and convert crystalline regions of cellulose into easily hydrolyzable regions than to simply hydrolyze cellulose. expansin-like proteins such as swollenins have disruptive functions on lignocellulose, including crystalline cellulose, via non-hydrolytic mechanisms. in this work, we produced the swollenin from trichoderma asperellum in escherichia coli. the recombinant protein was then ref ... | 2011 | 21732246 |
| green synthesis of highly stabilized nanocrystalline silver particles by a non-pathogenic and agriculturally important fungus t. asperellum. | a controlled and up-scalable biosynthetic route to nanocrystalline silver particles with well-defined morphology using cell-free aqueous filtrate of a non-pathogenic and commercially viable biocontrol agent trichoderma asperellum is being reported for the first time. a transparent solution of the cell-free filtrate of trichoderma asperellum containing 1-ámm agno(3) turns progressively dark brown within 5-ád of incubation at 25ôçë-¦c. the kinetics of the reaction was studied using uv-vis spectros ... | 2008 | 21817628 |
| Arsenic biotransformation by arsenic-resistant fungi Trichoderma asperellum SM-12F1, Penicillium janthinellum SM-12F4, and Fusarium oxysporum CZ-8F1. | Bioremediation of arsenic (As)-contaminated soil using microorganisms has been a focus of research because it is environment friendly and cost-effective. The As-resistant fungi Trichoderma asperellum SM-12F1, Penicillium janthinellum SM-12F4, and Fusarium oxysporum CZ-8F1 were exposed to 50 mg l(-1) of As(V), and the biotransformation of As and the concomitant variance of Eh and pH in the media were studied. Fresh weights of all three isolates increased and then decreased depended on cultivation ... | 2011 | 21920586 |
| Synthesis of uniform gold nanoparticles using non-pathogenic bio-control agent: Evolution of morphology from nano-spheres to triangular nanoprisms. | Green synthesis of gold nanospheres with uniform diameter and triangular nanoprisms with optically flat surface was carried out using a non-pathogenic bio-control agent Trichoderma asperellum for reduction of HAuCl(4). Kinetics of the reaction was monitored by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. No additional capping/complexing agent was used for stabilizing the gold nanoparticles. Evolution of morphology from pseudospherical nanoparticles to triangular nanoprisms was studied by transmission electro ... | 2012 | 22047921 |
| [the effect of the formulation on the shelf-life of biopesticides based on colombian isolates of trichoderma koningiopsis th003 and trichoderma asperellum th034.] | background: four biopesticide prototypes formulated as dispersible granules and dry powders based on 2 colombian isolates of trichoderma koningiopsis (th003) and t. asperellum (th034) were developed. these microorganisms have antagonist activity against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and rhizoctonia solani with a reduction in incidence of between 70 and 100% in tomato crops and potato crops, respectively. aim: to determine the effect of the formulation on the shelf-life of 4 biopesticides ... | 2011 | 22116019 |
| trichoderma asperellumchi42 genes encode chitinase. | four trichoderma strains (ch2, sh16, pq34, and tn42) were isolated from soil samples collected from quang tri and thua thien hue provinces in vietnam. the strains exhibited high chitinolytic secretion. strain pq34 formed the largest zone of chitinase-mediated clearance (> 4 cm in diameter) in agar containing 1% (w/v) colloidal chitin. analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of these strains indicated that they were trichoderma asperellum. the molecular weights of the chitinases were ... | 2011 | 22783101 |
| eplt4 proteinaceous elicitor produced in pichia pastoris has a protective effect against cercosporidium sofinum infections of soybean leaves. | a complementary dna library was constructed from the mycelium of trichoderma asperellum t4, and a highly expressed gene fragment named eplt4 was found. in order to find a more efficient and cost-effective way of obtaining eplt4, this study attempted to produce eplt4 using a pichia pastoris expression system. the gene encoding eplt4, with an additional 6-his tag at the c-terminus, was cloned into the yeast vector ppic9k and expressed in the p. pastoris strain gs115 to obtaining more protein for t ... | 2012 | 23271623 |